Note 4. Business Combinations

Tower Cloud, Inc.

On August 31, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Tower Cloud, Inc. (“Tower Cloud”) for $187.7 million in cash and 1.9 million shares of our common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $58.5 million. Additional contingent consideration of up to $130 million, with an acquisition date fair value of $98.6 million, may be paid upon the achievement of certain defined operational and financial milestones. At the Company’s discretion, a combination of cash and CS&L common shares may be used to satisfy the contingent consideration payments, provided that at least 50% of the aggregate amount of payments is satisfied in cash. Tower Cloud provides data transport services, with particular focus on providing infrastructure solutions to the wireless and enterprise sectors, including fiber-to-the-tower backhaul, small cell networks, and dark fiber deployments. Following the close of the transaction, the Tower Cloud business and the previously acquired PEG Bandwidth business were combined into a unified fiber infrastructure organization, Uniti Fiber. The operating results from this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. See Note 13. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	163,680
Cash and cash equivalents		14,346
Accounts receivable		3,043
Other assets		2,595
Intangible assets		116,218
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(16,782	)
Deferred revenue		(23,900	)
Deferred income taxes		(24,866	)
Capital lease obligations		(6,750	)
Net assets acquired	$	227,584

Goodwill	$	117,280

The above purchase price allocation is considered preliminary and is subject to revision when the valuation of assets and liabilities are finalized upon receipt of the final valuation report from a third party valuation expert, and resolution of contractual adjustments, such as working capital adjustments, set forth in the merger agreement, which is anticipated to be finalized during the first half of 2017.

The goodwill is primarily attributable to strategic opportunities that arose from the acquisition of Tower Cloud. The acquisition was treated as a taxable acquisition of the outstanding stock of Tower Cloud, Inc. Thus, none of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

We acquired an intangible asset that was assigned to customer relationships of $116.2 million (30 year life).

Tower Cloud had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $81.2 million at the date of the acquisition, which will expire between 2026 and 2036. As a result of the change in ownership, the utilization of NOL carryforwards is subject to limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. The gross deferred tax assets associated with the NOL and other temporary differences as of August 31, 2016 were approximately $37.0 million, with respect to which we have determined that a valuation allowance is not required. A net deferred tax liability of $24.8 million was recorded in connection with the acquisition, which is primarily related to the excess of the recorded amounts for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets over their respective historical tax bases.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $13.5 million and an operating loss of $2.1 million, which excludes transaction and transition costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of Tower Cloud for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $9.1 million within transaction related costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma summary of our financial results as if the business combination had occurred as of the Spin-Off. The pro forma results include additional depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting adjustments, adjustments to amortized deferred revenue, and interest expense associated with debt used to fund the acquisition. The pro forma results do not include any synergies or other benefits of the acquisition. The pro forma results are not indicative of future results of operations, or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of as of the Spin-Off.

	Year Ended			Period from
(Thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2016			April 24 - December 31, 2015
Pro forma revenue	$	798,054		$	505,764
Pro forma net (loss) income		(3,581	)		17,609
Pro forma net (loss) income per share	$	(0.02	)	$	0.12

PEG Bandwidth, LLC

On May 2, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of PEG Bandwidth for $322.5 million in cash, the issuance of 87,500 shares of our 3.00% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with a fair value of $78.6 million and 1 million shares of our common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $23.2 million. PEG Bandwidth is a leading provider of infrastructure solutions, including cell site backhaul and dark fiber, to the telecommunications industry. The operating results from this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. See Note 13. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	293,030
Cash and cash equivalents		7,003
Accounts receivable		6,584
Other assets		5,161
Intangible assets		38,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(8,643	)
Deferred revenue		(12,700	)
Capital lease obligations		(49,195	)
Net assets acquired	$	279,240

Goodwill	$	145,054

The goodwill is primarily attributable to strategic opportunities that arose from the acquisition of PEG Bandwidth. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Of the $38 million of acquired intangible assets, $36 million was assigned to customer relationships (weighted average 17 year life) and $2 million was assigned to trademarks (indefinite life).

The acquired business contributed revenue of $57.0 million and an operating loss of $8.8 million, which excludes transaction and transition costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of PEG Bandwidth for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $11.2 million within transaction related costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

	Year Ended		Period from
(Thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2016		April 24 - December 31, 2015
Pro forma revenue	$	797,637	$	529,911
Pro forma net income		6,264		19,809
Pro forma net income per share	$	0.04	$	0.13

Summit Wireless Infrastructure, LLC

On January 22, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Summit Wireless Infrastructure LLC (“Summit”). Summit builds, owns and operates telecommunication infrastructure serving wireless carriers in Mexico. Consideration given to acquire Summit included performance-based shares of common equity valued at $1.1 million, which will vest in full on the third anniversary of the closing date, subject to Summit meeting certain performance targets, and the assumption of Summit’s existing debt. The financial results of Summit are included in the Leasing segment from the date of acquisition and were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our results of operations and therefore, pro forma financial information has not been presented.