10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018
or
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                             to

Commission File Number 001-36841

_______________________________________________________

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________________________________

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	47-1830316 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4321 Collington Road, Bowie, Maryland (Address of principal executive offices)	20716 (Zip Code)

(301) 809-4000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x    No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x    No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No x

As of July 20, 2018, the registrant had 72,055,158 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and 80,608,685 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDEDJUNE 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	29
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	29
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29
Item 5.	Other Information	29
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
SIGNATURES		31

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68,007		$	208,944
Short-term investments	15,674			267,288
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $3,788 and $2,038 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	114,121			90,054
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	17,982			10,441
Income tax receivable	12,868			11,987
Total current assets	228,652			588,714
Non-current assets:
Property, equipment and capitalized software, net	139,626			125,768
Goodwill	934,693			184,932
Intangible assets, net	584,678			89,326
Other assets	17,034			6,338
Total assets	$	1,904,683		$	995,078
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	27,033		$	34,109
Accrued compensation	18,602			18,592
Other current liabilities	41,325			15,277
Deferred revenue	18,195			6,954
Deferred rent	540			1,818
Credit facilities	9,800			45,000
Capital lease obligation	1,796			336
Total current liabilities	117,291			122,086
Non-current liabilities:
Credit facilities, less current portion	940,038			191,250
Capital lease obligation, less current portion	14,940			12,109
Deferred rent, less current portion	2,838			219
Other liabilities	20,029			—
Deferred income taxes	115,624			26,642
Total liabilities	1,210,760			352,306
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.000005 par value, 900,000,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding at each of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	—			—
Class A common stock, $0.000005 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized; 86,592,250 shares issued and 71,972,075 shares outstanding at June 30, 2018; 77,588,018 shares issued and 62,967,843 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017	—			—
Class B common stock, $0.000005 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 80,608,685 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018; 80,957,495 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017	1			1
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	—			—
Additional paid-in-capital	611,035			534,159
Retained earnings	282,335			308,905
Treasury stock, at cost, 14,620,175 shares at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	(199,817		)	(199,817		)
Other comprehensive loss	369			(476		)
Total stockholders’ equity	693,923			642,772
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,904,683		$	995,078

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per-share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	152,798		$	110,578		$	245,553		$	218,884
Expenses:
Cost of revenue(1)	39,015			37,198			72,506			75,483
Sales and marketing(1)	12,045			8,849			19,947			16,436
Research and development(1)	7,545			7,282			13,966			15,070
General and administrative(1)	60,174			35,874			109,570			71,719
Depreciation and amortization	26,906			12,479			43,286			24,964
Restructuring expense	9,464			—			9,464			—
Total operating expenses	155,149			101,682			268,739			203,672
(Loss) Income from operations	(2,351		)	8,896			(23,186		)	15,212
Other income and (expenses):
Realized losses on short-term investments	—			—			(1,035		)	—
Loss on disposal of equipment	(382		)	(138		)	(467		)	(138		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(129		)	—			(129		)	—
Interest income	154			1,342			1,549			2,680
Interest expense	(15,568		)	(1,519		)	(17,450		)	(2,932		)
(Loss) Income before taxes	(18,276		)	8,581			(40,718		)	14,822
(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes	(7,810		)	3,095			(13,418		)	5,694
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486		$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted:
Basic net (loss) income per share	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06
Diluted net (loss) income per share	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Diluted	147,181			143,072			143,301			144,123

________________________________________________

(1)	Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
	Cost of revenue	$	(87	)	$	410	$	53	$	715
	Sales and marketing	(401		)	505		68		895
	Research and development	330			307		958		580
	General and administrative	2,802			2,525		5,313		5,154
	Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,644		$	3,747	$	6,392	$	7,344

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486	$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Other comprehensive income:
Realized (gains) losses on cash flow hedges reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax of $(268), $0, $(268) and $0, respectively	570			—		570			—
Net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $64, $0, $64 and $0, respectively	(135		)	—		(135		)	—
Realized losses on short-term investments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax of $0, $0, $(319) and $0, respectively	—			—		716			—
Net change in unrealized (losses) and gains on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $(14), $136, $91 and $272, respectively	31			35		(204		)	211
Reclassification of income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017	—			—		(102		)	—
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(10,000	)	$	5,521	$	(26,455	)	$	9,339

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	6,392			7,344
Depreciation	25,638			17,442
Amortization of intangibles	17,648			7,522
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments	264			1,017
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount	1,024			—
Deferred income taxes	(13,151		)	(2,513		)
Restructuring expense, non-cash	8,583			—
Loss on sale of short-term investments	1,035			—
Loss on disposal of equipment	467			138
Loss on extinguishment of debt	129			—
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	8,700			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(7,312		)	(10,107		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,222		)	683
Income taxes receivable	(330		)	7,328
Other assets	(5,727		)	(2,313		)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(10,676		)	5,660
Accrued compensation	2,336			112
Other current and non-current liabilities	9,592			114
Deferred rent	1,793			(446		)
Deferred revenue	4,241			10
Net cash provided by operating activities	20,124			41,119
Cash flows from investing activities:
Maturities of short-term investments	87,901			105,245
Sales of short-term investments	161,772			—
Purchases of property and equipment	(16,476		)	(9,180		)
Investment in capitalized software	(22,532		)	(15,394		)
Acquisition, net of cash acquired of $23,850	(1,082,740		)	—
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(872,075		)	80,671
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repurchase of common stock	—			(45,173		)
Proceeds from credit facility borrowings, net of discount	965,300			—
Repayment of credit facility borrowings	(236,250		)	(15,000		)
Payments for debt issuance costs	(18,269		)	—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,613			3,016
Capital lease obligations paid	(311		)	(58		)
Tax payments for equity award issuances	(1,069		)	(246		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	711,014			(57,461		)
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents	(140,937		)	64,329
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	208,944			127,683
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	68,007		$	192,012
Supplementary cash flow disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	107		$	379
Interest	11,131			2,840
Non-cash investing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred	4,602			—
Accruals for purchases of property, equipment	7,292			4,773
Accruals for investment in capitalized software	1,841			1,302
Acquisition consideration	83,580			—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (“Inovalon” or the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The year-end December 31, 2017 condensed consolidated balance sheet data included herein was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2018, the results of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosures, as of the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported during the period. Actual results could differ from estimates. The information contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified within the operating section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, and within the investing section of the statements of cash flows to conform with current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net cash provided by operating activities or net cash (used in) provided by investing activities as previously reported.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovalon Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s management considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and subsequent clarifying guidance (“ASU 2014-09”). The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Refer to “Note 2—Revenue.”

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update amends the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 and there was no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The update amends the current hedge accounting model and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. This guidance also requires, for qualifying hedges, the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The update also eases documentation and assessment requirements, modifies certain disclosure requirements, and modifies the method of accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the second quarter of 2018 concurrent with entering into four interest rate swaps. Refer to “Note 6—Fair Value Measurements.”

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The guidance is effective for all public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. This guidance allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or fiscal year before the effective date. The Company early adopted the requirements of the new standard in

5

the first quarter of 2018, and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act of $0.1 million from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, from those disclosed in the 2017 Form 10-K, that would be expected to impact the Company except for the following:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and enhanced disclosure about leasing arrangements. The lease asset represents a right of use asset and the lease liability represents the obligation to make lease payments. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach requires retrospective application to comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is in the process of identifying its portfolio of leases that will be recorded to the balance sheet, reviewing applicable lease agreements, evaluating the election to utilize practical expedients, and implementing changes to our processes and internal controls. The Company plans to adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on the consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of ASC 718, Compensation–Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquired goods and services from non-employees. This update includes changing the accounting for non-employee stock-based compensation as it relates to the award measurement date, the fair value measurement of the awards, and forfeitures, among other changes to align the accounting with ASC 718. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is in the process of evaluating the timing and impact of adoption on the consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures.

2.REVENUE

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Revenues for periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. The Company recorded a cumulative effect net adjustment to increase retained earnings by $0.6 million as of January 1, 2018. The impact as a result of adopting ASC 606 was an increase of $0.2 million and $0.4 million in revenue and an increase of $0.1 million and $0.2 million in expense resulting from deferred commissions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

These adjustments primarily related to commissions for certain contracts which are now expensed over the remaining life of the contracts and credits provided to customers which are recorded as a reduction to revenue over the applicable service period. For the remaining contracts, the Company has elected to use the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

On April 2, 2018, concurrent with the ABILITY Acquisition (as defined in “Note 9—Business Combinations”), the Company was required to comply with ASC 606 and adopted ASU 2014-09 with respect to ABILITY. There was no material impact on the consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting ASU 2014-09.

The Company primarily derives its revenues through the sale or subscription licensing of its platform solutions and services. The following table disaggregates revenue by offering (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017(1)		2018		2017
Platform solutions(2)	$	138,209	$	96,072	$	217,175	$	187,504
Services(3)	14,589		14,506		28,378		31,380
Total revenue	$	152,798	$	110,578	$	245,553	$	218,884

______________________________________

(1) Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

(2) Platform solutions include arrangements for technology-based offerings representing subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings and legacy platform solutions that are not cloud-based and not billed under a subscription-based contract structure.

(3) Services include advisory, implementation, and support services under time and materials, fixed price, or retainer-based contracts.

6

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a contractual promise to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation based on standalone selling price and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied. The determination of standalone selling price for each performance obligation requires judgment based on the terms of the contract.

The majority of the Company’s platform solutions contracts contain a series of separately identifiable and distinct services that represent performance obligations that are satisfied over time. The Company allocates revenue to platform solutions by determining the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Revenue is generally recognized on our platform offerings over the contract term. For these contracts, the Company has determined that it will use the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-55-18 to recognize revenue when it has the right to invoice. The Company qualifies for this practical expedient because the right to invoice corresponds directly with the value transferred to the customer.

The Company allocates revenue to its service arrangements for advisory, implementation, and support services based on contractually agreed upon billing rates applied to direct labor hours expended plus the costs of other items used in the performance of the contract. The Company concluded that it will recognize revenue when it has the right to invoice the customer using the allowable practical expedient since the right to invoice the customer corresponds with the performance obligations completed. Revenues under fixed-price and retainer-based contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or upon contract completion.

Certain of the Company’s arrangements entitle a client to receive a refund if the Company fails to satisfy contractually specified performance obligations. The refund is limited to a portion or all of the consideration paid. In this case, revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied. Historically, the Company has met contractually specified performance obligations.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and deferred revenue. Invoices to clients are generated in accordance with the terms of the applicable contract, which may not be directly related to the performance of services. Unbilled receivables are invoiced when the achievement of specific events as defined by each contract occurs. The Company had an unbilled receivables balance of $8.1 million and $14.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the unbilled receivables balance was primarily driven by the timing of billings, which was partially offset by $2.1 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY. Refer to “Note 9—Business Combinations.” Unbilled receivables are classified as accounts receivable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Advanced billings to clients in excess of revenue earned are recorded as deferred revenue until the aforementioned revenue recognition criteria are met.

The Company had deferred commissions of $2.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and no deferred commissions as of December 31, 2017. The change in deferred commissions was primarily driven by $1.3 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY.

The Company had a deferred revenue balance of $18.2 million and $7.0 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The change in the deferred revenue balance was primarily driven by $7.6 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY. Revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year, or as of the acquisition date as it relates to ABILITY, was $4.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

3.NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE

Holders of all outstanding classes of common stock participate ratably in earnings on an identical per share basis as if all shares were a single class. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock (Class A common stock and Class B common stock) outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. If the Company incurs a loss from continuing operations, diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). Under the treasury stock method, dilutive securities are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the periods and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Securities are excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive to EPS.

The Company has issued RSAs under the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Company considers issued and unvested RSAs to be participating securities as the holders of these RSAs have a non-forfeitable right to dividends in the event of the Company’s declaration of a dividend on shares of Class A and Class B common stock. Subsequent to the issuance of the participating securities, the Company applied the two-class method required in calculating net (loss) income per share of Class A and Class B common stock. Under the two-class method, net income attributable to common stockholders is determined by allocating undistributed earnings, calculated as net income, less earnings attributable to participating securities. The net income per share attributable to

7

common stockholders is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock as if the income for the period has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for both classes of common stock, the net income attributable to common stockholders is allocated on a proportionate basis. If the Company incurs a loss from continuing operations, losses are not allocated to participating securities.

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Basic
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486		$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	—			(148		)	—			(215		)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06
Diluted
Numerator:
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Effect of dilutive securities	—			440			—			443
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	147,181			143,072			143,301			144,123
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06

The computation of diluted EPS does not include certain awards, on a weighted average basis, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS. The awards excluded because of their anti-dilutive effect are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Awards excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive	141	135	132	213

4.SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

As of June 30, 2018, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674
Total available-for-sale securities	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674

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As of December 31, 2017, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	232,048	$	3	$	(572	)	$	231,479
U.S. agency obligations	15,341		—		(99		)	15,242
U.S. treasury securities	20,735		—		(168		)	20,567
Total available-for-sale securities	$	268,124	$	3	$	(839	)	$	267,288

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our short-term investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the securities as of the dates shown (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Due in one year or less	$	15,177	$	204,725
Due after one year through two years	497		62,563
Total	$	15,674	$	267,288

The Company has certain available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position. The Company reviews its debt securities classified as short-term investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. The Company considers factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial position and near-term prospects of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized-cost basis. If the Company determines that an other-than-temporary decline exists, or if write downs related to credit losses are necessary, in one of these securities, the unrealized losses attributable to the respective investment would be reclassified to realized losses on short-term investments within the statement of operations. There were no impairments considered other-than-temporary as of June 30, 2018.

The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2018, aggregated by investment category (in thousands):

	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,674	$	(96	)

5. DEBT

On September 19, 2014, the Company entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement with a group of lenders and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent (the “2014 Credit Agreement”). The terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement provided for credit facilities in the aggregate maximum principal amount of $400.0 million, consisting of a senior unsecured term loan facility in the original principal amount of $300.0 million (the “2014 Term Loan Facility”) and a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $100.0 million (the “2014 Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the 2014 Term Loan Facility, the “2014 Credit Facilities”). The 2014 Term Loan Facility had a five-year term and was an amortizing facility with principal payments quarterly and interest payments monthly.

On April 2, 2018, the Company paid in full all existing debt obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement and terminated all commitments to extend further credit thereunder. On April 2, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (“MSSF”), as administrative agent, providing for (i) a term loan B facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of $980.0 million (the “2018 Term Facility”); and (ii) a revolving credit facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of up to $100.0 million (the “2018 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2018 Term Facility, the “2018 Credit Facilities”). The 2018 Revolving Facility will terminate on April 2, 2023 and the 2018 Term Facility will mature on April 2, 2025. The entire $980.0 million 2018 Term Facility was borrowed on April 2, 2018, and was used to pay off all of the Company’s existing debt obligations under the 2014 Credit Facilities as well as to provide the financing necessary to fund, in part, the cash consideration paid to acquire ABILITY. As of June 30, 2018 the entire $100.0 million Revolving Facility remained available. A loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees.

9

At the option of the Company, the loans outstanding under the 2018 Term Facility will bear interest either at: (i) Adjusted London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable rate of 3.50% (or 3.25% if the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the 2018 Credit Agreement, is equal to or falls below 4.00 to 1.00) or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) plus an applicable margin. The Company may elect interest periods of one, two, three or six months for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings. As set forth in the 2018 Credit Agreement, the ABR is the higher of: (i) the rate that MSSF as Administrative Agent announces from time to time as its prime or base commercial lending rate, as in effect from time to time, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus ½ of 1.0% and (iii) one-month Adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0%.

The following table discloses the outstanding debt at each balance date as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
2018 Term Facility(1)	$	949,838	$	—
2018 Revolving Facility	—		—
2014 Term Loan Facility	—		236,250
2014 Revolving Credit Facility	—		—
Total Credit Facilities	949,838		236,250
Less: current portion	9,800		45,000
Non-current Credit Facilities	$	940,038	$	191,250

______________________________________

(1) The 2018 Term Facility is presented net of unamortized deferred financing fees and original issue discount (“OID”) of $30.2 million.

The Company incurred an OID of $14.7 million and deferred financing fees of $16.4 million related to the 2018 Term Facility, which are shown as a direct reduction to the face amount and amortized as interest expense, primarily using the effective interest method, over the life of the 2018 Credit Agreement. The Company incurred $1.9 million in deferred financing fees related to the 2018 Revolving Facility, which is amortized as interest expense using the straight-line method. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $0.4 million in OID amortization expense and $0.5 million in deferred financing fees related to the 2018 Term Facility. The Company recognized $0.1 million in amortization expense related to the 2018 Revolving Facility during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the 2018 Credit Agreement) are subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement, and the 2018 Credit Agreement includes certain customary representations and warranties of the Company. As of June 30, 2018, the Company is in compliance with the covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement.

6.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	24,934	$	—		$	—		$	24,934
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		15,674			—			15,674
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	—		3,462			—			3,462
Other current liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	—		(2,823		)	—			(2,823		)
Contingent consideration	—		—			(16,100		)	(16,100		)
Other liabilities
Contingent consideration	—		—			(17,212		)	(17,212		)
Total	$	24,934	$	16,313		$	(33,312	)	$	7,935

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The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	162,347	$	—	$	—		$	162,347
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		231,479		—			231,479
U.S. agency obligations	—		15,242		—			15,242
U.S. treasury securities	—		20,567		—			20,567
Other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		(7,400		)	(7,400		)
Total	$	162,347	$	267,288	$	(7,400	)	$	422,235

The Company determines the fair value of its security holdings based on pricing from its pricing vendors. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. Such market prices may be quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or pricing determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs). The Company performs procedures to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded such as comparing prices obtained from other sources.

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	(7,400	)	$	(12,600	)
Fair value adjustment (recognized in general and administrative expenses)	(8,700		)	5,200
Contingent consideration attributable to and assumed from ABILITY Acquisition	(17,212		)	—
Total	$	(33,312	)	$	(7,400	)

2018 Credit Facilities

The Company records debt on the balance sheet at carrying value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s debt is determined based on Level 2 inputs including current market rates for similar types of borrowings. The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt (including the current portion thereof) as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018
Carrying amount	$	949,838
Fair value	$	918,968

Interest Rate Swaps

In connection with the 2018 Credit Agreement, the Company entered into four interest rate swaps during the second quarter of 2018, each of which mature in March 2025, to mitigate the risk of a rise in interest rates. These interest rate swaps mitigate the exposure on the variable component of interest on the Company’s 2018 Credit Facility. The interest rate swaps fix the LIBOR rate component of interest on $700.0 million of the 2018 Term Facility at a weighted average rate of approximately 2.8%. See “Note 5—Debt” for additional information. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are deemed highly effective under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The interest rate swaps are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as either assets or liabilities and any changes to the fair value are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into interest expense in the same period in which the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings. Cash flows from interest rate swaps are reported in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.

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The following table presents the fair value of interest rate swaps on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Asset Derivative			Liability Derivative
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swap contract	Other assets	$	3,462	Other current liabilities	$	(2,823	)

The following table presents the location and amount of gains and losses on interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and the statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018  (in thousands):

	Gain (Loss) recognized in OCI			Statement of Operations Location	(Gain) Loss reclassified from OCI
Interest rate swap contract	$	(199	)	Interest expense	$	838

 The net amount of accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be reclassified to interest expense in the next 12 months is $2.9 million. 

7.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings—From time to time the Company is involved in various litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. The Company consults with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seeks input from other experts and advisors with respect to such matters. Estimating the probable losses or a range of probable losses resulting from litigation, government actions and other legal proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, may involve discretionary amounts, present novel legal theories, are in the early stages of the proceedings, or are subject to appeal. Whether any losses, damages or remedies ultimately resulting from such matters could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including, for example, the timing and amount of such losses or damages (if any) and the structure and type of any such remedies. The Company’s management does not presently expect any litigation matters to have a material adverse impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

There have been no significant or material developments to current legal proceedings, including the estimated effects on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, subsequent to the disclosure previously provided in Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Form 10-K.

8. RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company completed actions under restructuring programs as part of its continuing efficiency-enhancement and cost-reduction initiatives, both as part of its ongoing margin expansion goals, as well as related to the recent acquisition and ongoing integration of ABILITY. The initiatives primarily related to workforce reductions, site closures, streamlining of software development initiatives, changes in the structure of certain business functions, and strategic initiatives to achieve cost and product development synergies in connection with the ABILITY Acquisition (as defined in “Note 9—Business Combinations”).

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred $9.5 million in restructuring expense which includes $6.4 million related to a streamlining of software development initiatives, $1.8 million in severance expense, and $1.3 million for lease termination costs and accelerated depreciation related to associated leasehold improvements. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had a remaining restructuring liability associated with severance and lease termination costs of $2.9 million.

The following table presents restructuring liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	—
Accruals for severance	1,764
Accruals for lease termination	1,405
Severance payments	(273		)
Lease termination accretion	(8		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	2,888

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9.BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

2018 Acquisition

ABILITY Network, Inc.

On April 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition (the “ABILITY Acquisition”) of Butler Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Butler”), and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including, without limitation, ABILITY Network Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ABILITY”), for aggregate consideration of $1.19 billion (the “Purchase Price”).

ABILITY is a leading cloud-based Software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) technology company helping to simplify the administrative and clinical complexities of healthcare. Through the myABILITY^® software platform, an integrated set of cloud-based applications for providers, ABILITY provides core connectivity, administrative, clinical, and quality analysis, management, and performance improvement capabilities to more than 44,000 acute, post-acute and ambulatory point-of-care provider facilities. The extensive datasets, on-demand compute capability, advanced analytics, and broad healthcare ecosystem connectivity enabled by the Inovalon ONE^® Platform are expected to provide a significant expansion of application offerings within the myABILITY^® software platform while also expanding the nature and reach of high-value solutions for Inovalon’s existing payer, pharma, and device client-base. The combination of Inovalon and ABILITY creates a vertically integrated cloud-based platform empowering the achievement of real-time, value-based care from payers, manufacturers, and diagnostics all the way to the patient’s point of care.

A summary of the composition of the stated Purchase Price and fair value of the stated Purchase Price is as follows (in thousands):

Purchase Price	$	1,220,800
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Subtotal	1,220,170
Fair value adjustments:
Restricted stock marketability discount	(30,000		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

The composition of the fair value of the consideration transferred is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,107,220
Issuance of Class A common stock	70,000
Contingent consideration	13,580
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

The ABILITY Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under ASC No. 805, Business Combinations, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at their estimated fair values. The excess of the aggregate consideration over the estimated fair values has been allocated to goodwill.

In addition, ASC No. 805 requires that the consideration transferred be measured at the closing date of the ABILITY Acquisition at the then-current market prices. The preliminary value of consideration and the purchase price allocation is subject to adjustment until the Company has completed its analysis within the measurement period. The Company is in the process of reviewing its assumptions related to the fair value of the consideration including any working capital adjustments and estimates of tax related matters. The Purchase Price allocation is preliminary and the finalization of the Company’s Purchase Price allocation may result in changes in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company will finalize the Purchase Price allocation as soon as practicable in accordance with ASC No. 805, but not to exceed one year following the ABILITY Acquisition.

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The preliminary estimates of fair value represent the Company’s best preliminary estimates and preliminary valuations. The following table summarizes the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

	Preliminary Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,850
Accounts receivable	16,739
Income tax receivable	551
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,025
Property and equipment	3,095
Goodwill	749,761
Intangible assets	513,000
Other assets	1,252
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(6,863		)
Deferred revenue	(7,000		)
Other current liabilities	(507		)
Other liabilities	(5,291		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(101,442		)
Total consideration transferred	$	1,190,170

The amounts attributed to identified intangible assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life	Preliminary Fair Value
Customer relationships	12-14 years	$	408,000
Technology	12-14 years	86,000
Trade names	16-18 years	19,000
Total intangible assets		$	513,000

Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $1.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Acquisition-related costs are recognized within “General and administrative” expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents revenue and income before taxes of ABILITY since the acquisition date, April 2, 2018, included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Total
Revenue	$	37,520
Income before taxes	$	5,798

The following pro forma financial information is based on Inovalon’s and Butler’s historical consolidated financial statements as adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the ABILITY Acquisition, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. The pro forma adjustments include, but are not limited to: (i) amortization of acquired intangible assets, (ii) net increase to interest expense resulting from the extinguishment of the 2014 Credit Facilities and historical Butler debt, borrowings under the 2018 Term Facility and the amortization of related debt issuance costs, and (iii) elimination of non-recurring acquisition and integration-related expenses. The following pro forma financial information is unaudited and gives effect to the transactions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	152,798		$	145,038		$	282,917		$	287,005
Income (Loss) before taxes	$	(16,543	)	$	(1,331	)	$	(43,619	)	$	(10,221	)

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The unaudited pro forma revenue and income (loss) before taxes was prepared for informational purposes only based on estimates and assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred if the ABILITY Acquisition had been completed on the date indicated nor of the future financial position or results of operations following completion of the ABILITY Acquisition.

2017 Acquisition

ComplexCare Solutions Acquisition

On July 6, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of ComplexCare Solutions, Inc. and ComplexCare Solutions IPA, LLC (together, “CCS”). CCS is a company that provides technology-enabled interventions and member engagement coordination services for a number of payers and employers throughout the United States. The fair value included in the consolidated financial statements represents the Company’s best estimates and valuations in conformity with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The final purchase price was allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon valuation procedures performed. The Company acquired all of the capital stock of CCS for approximately $4.5 million in cash and the settlement of an existing payable to CCS of $2.3 million. The Company acquired approximately $9.8 million of assets, including approximately $1.5 million of cash and approximately $3.9 million of liabilities. The net assets acquired exceeded the consideration paid by approximately $1.4 million, and as such the Company recorded a bargain purchase gain in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2018 (the “2017 Form 10-K”). Unless we otherwise indicate or the context requires, references to the “Company,” “Inovalon,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Inovalon Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including but not limited to statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “see,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Factors that may cause actual results to differ from expected results include, among others:

• our future financial performance, including our ability to continue and manage our growth;

• our ability to retain our client base and sell additional services to them;

• the effect of the concentration of our revenue among our top clients;

• our ability to innovate and adapt our platforms and toolsets;

• the effects of regulations applicable to us, including regulations relating to data protection and data privacy;

• the effects of consolidation in the healthcare industry;

• the ability to successfully integrate our acquisitions, ABILITY and CCS, and the ability of the acquired business to perform as expected;

• the ability to enter into new agreements with existing or new platforms, products, and solutions in the timeframes expected, or at all;

• the successful implementation and adoption of new platforms, products and solutions;

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• the effects of changes in tax legislation for jurisdictions within which we operate, including recent changes in U.S. tax laws;

• the ability to protect the privacy of our clients’ data and prevent security breaches;

• the effect of current or future litigation;

• the effect of competition on our business;

• the efficacy of our platforms and toolsets; and

• the timing and size of business realignment and restructuring charges.

Forward-looking statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by such statements. These factors include, among other factors, those set forth in our 2017 Form 10-K, under the heading Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. We are under no duty to, and we disclaim any obligation to, update any of these forward- looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

Overview

We are a leading technology company providing cloud-based platforms empowering data-driven healthcare. Through the Inovalon ONE^® Platform, Inovalon brings to the marketplace a national-scale capability to interconnect with the healthcare ecosystem, aggregate and analyze data in real-time, and empower the application of resulting insights to drive meaningful impact at the point of care. Leveraging its platform, unparalleled proprietary data sets, and industry-leading subject matter expertise, Inovalon enables better care, efficiency, and financial performance across the healthcare ecosystem. From health plans and provider organizations, to pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics companies, Inovalon's unique achievement of value is delivered through the effective progression of “Turning Data into Insight, and Insight into Action^®.” Providing technology that supports a client base approaching 500 healthcare organizations, Inovalon's platforms and analytics are informed by data pertaining to more than 943,000 physicians, 499,000 clinical facilities, 252 million Americans, and 39 billion medical events.

We generate the substantial majority of our revenue through the sale or subscription licensing of our platform solutions and services.

Recent Developments

On April 2, 2018, the Company acquired Butler Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including, without limitation, ABILITY Network Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ABILITY”), for aggregate consideration of approximately $1.19 billion in cash and restricted shares of our Class A common stock. The combination of Inovalon and ABILITY creates a vertically integrated cloud-based platform empowering the achievement of real-time, value-based care from payers, manufacturers, and diagnostics all the way to the patient’s point of care. Our consolidated financial statements include the financial condition and the results of operations of ABILITY since the acquisition date, April 2, 2018. See “Note 9—Business Combinations” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

In connection with the ABILITY Acquisition, on April 2, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, to provide a Credit Facility which is comprised of: (i) a term loan B facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of $980.0 million; and (ii) a revolving credit facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of up to $100.0 million. See “Note 5—Debt” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

The Company adopted new accounting guidance on revenue from contracts with customers as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Revenues for periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. See “Note 2—Revenue” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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Quarterly Key Metrics

We review certain metrics quarterly, including the key metrics shown in the table below. We believe that these metrics are indicative of our overall level of analytical activity and the underlying growth in our business.

	June 30,
	2018	2017
	(in thousands)
MORE2 Registry® dataset metrics(1)
Unique patient count(2)	252,603	230,000
Medical event count(3)	39,333,463	30,000,000
Trailing 12 month Patient Analytics Months (PAM)(1)(4)	46,152,155	31,226,926

____________________________________

(1) MORE² Registry^® dataset metrics and Trailing 12 month PAM, each of which is presented in the table, are key operating metrics that management uses to assess our level of operational activity. While we believe that each of these metrics is indicative of our overall level of analytical activity and the underlying growth in our business, increases or decreases in these metrics do not necessarily correlate to proportional increases or decreases in revenue, or net income. For instance, although increased levels of analytical activity historically have corresponded to increases in revenue over the long term, differences in fees charged for different analytical packages exist and differences in how analytics trigger the applicability of our data-driven intervention platforms may result in increases in analytical activity that do not result in proportional increases in revenue, or net income (and vice versa). Accordingly, while we believe the presentation of these operating metrics is helpful to investors in understanding our business, these metrics have limitations and should not be considered as substitutes for analysis of our financial results reported under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In addition, we believe that other companies, including companies in our industry, do not present similar operating metrics and that there is no commonly accepted method of calculating these metrics, which may reduce their usefulness as comparative measures. As of June 30, 2018, these metrics do not incorporate data related to the ABILITY Acquisition.

(2) Unique patient count is defined as each unique, longitudinally matched, de-identified natural person represented in our MORE² Registry^® as of the end of the period presented. As of June 30, 2017, the Company was processing large unique patient count and medical event count dataset transmissions. For this reason, June 30, 2017 unique patient count and medical event count amounts varied from historical calculation methodologies, and represented estimates pending final MORE² Registry^® dataset incorporation and processing.

(3) Medical event count is defined as the total number of discrete medical events as of the end of the period presented (for example, a discrete medical event typically results from the presentation of a patient to a physician for the diagnosis of diabetes and congestive heart failure in a single visit, the presentation of a patient to an emergency department for chest pain, etc.).

(4) PAM is defined as the sum of the analytical processes performed on each respective patient within patient populations covered by clients under contract. As used in the metric, an “analytical process” is a distinct set of data calculations undertaken by us which is initiated and completed within our platform solutions to examine a specific question such as whether a patient is believed to have a condition such as diabetes, or worsening of the disease, during a specific time period.

Trends and Factors Affecting Our Future Performance

A number of factors influence our growth and performance. We see many of these factors as being more quantitatively driven, such as the rate of growth of the underlying data counts within our datasets, the ongoing investment in innovation, and our revenue mix of subscription-based platform offerings. Additionally, there are several factors that influence our growth and performance that are less quantitatively driven, including seasonality, macro-economic forces, and trends within healthcare (such as payment models, incentivization, and regulatory oversight) that can be driven by changes in federal and state laws and regulations, as well as private sector market forces.

Growth of Datasets.    Healthcare costs in the United States have been increasing significantly for many years. This rise in healthcare costs has driven a broad transition from consumption-based payment models to quality and value-based payment models across the healthcare landscape. As a result, the specific disease and comorbidity status, clinical and quality outcomes, resource utilization, and care details of the individual patient have become increasingly relevant to the various constituents across the healthcare delivery system. Concurrently, the count and complexity of diseases, diagnostics, and treatments—as well as payment models and regulatory oversight requirements—have soared. In this setting, granular data has become critical to determining and improving quality and financial performance in healthcare. Our MORE² Registry^® is our largest principal dataset and serves as a proxy for our general growth of datasets within Inovalon. The growth of our datasets that inform our analytical capabilities and comparative analytics is a key aspect of our provision of value to our clients and is indicative of our overall growth and capabilities.

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Innovation and Platform Development.    Our business model is based upon our ability to deliver value to our clients through our platform solutions and related services focused on the achievement of meaningful and measurable improvements in clinical quality outcomes and financial performance in healthcare. Our ability to deliver this value is dependent in part on our ability to continue to innovate, design new capabilities, enter into new agreements with clients for new platforms, and bring these capabilities to market in an enterprise scale. Our continued ability to innovate our platform and bring differentiated capabilities to market is an important aspect of our business success. Our investment in innovation includes costs for research and development, capitalized software development, and capital expenditures related to hardware and software platforms on which our platform solutions are deployed as summarized below (in thousands, except percentages).

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Investment in Innovation:
Research and development(1)	$	7,545		$	7,282		$	13,966		$	15,070
Capitalized software development(2)	11,366			8,793			21,662			14,933
Research and development infrastructure investments(3)	727			5,828			9,492			9,586
Total investment in innovation	$	19,638		$	21,903		$	45,120		$	39,589
As a percentage of revenue
Research and development(1)	5		%	7		%	6		%	7		%
Capitalized software development(2)	7		%	8		%	9		%	7		%
Research and development infrastructure investments(3)	—		%	5		%	4		%	4		%
Total investment in innovation	12		%	20		%	19		%	18		%

_______________________________________

(1) Research and development primarily includes employee costs related to the development and enhancement of our service offerings.

(2) Capitalized software development includes capitalized costs incurred to develop and enhance functionality for our platform solutions.

(3) Research and development infrastructure investments include strategic capital expenditures related to hardware and software platforms under development or enhancement.

Mix of Subscription-Based Platform Offerings and Legacy Solutions. We have been undergoing an intentional transition in our offering portfolio from legacy platform solutions to subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings with add-on advisory services. Subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings are generally defined as modular, cloud-based solutions that utilize dynamic, high-speed cloud-based compute and storage, offer enhanced data visualization capabilities, and are tied to subscription-based contract structures where revenue is predominantly based on factors such as the number of patients under contract or similar relevant metrics (e.g., the number of prescriptions issued), the size of the client, and/or a specific period of time. Legacy platform solutions are generally defined as solutions historically not cloud-based in nature and not tied to subscription-based contract structures. Over time, we believe subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings provide more advanced capabilities, higher value, and greater visibility to clients, as well as improved visibility, market differentiation, and financial performance for us.

Additionally, through the ABILITY Acquisition, we have expanded our subscription-based cloud-based platform offering revenues and we expect revenue synergies to be realized through i) the infusion of Inovalon’s data and analytics into ABILITY’s existing offerings, ii) the combination of the Inovalon ONE^® Platform and myABILITY^® Platform capabilities to introduce new and more vertically integrated offerings which appeal to both organizations’ traditional market base, iii) the enhancement of Inovalon’s offerings from ABILITY’s provider point-of-care data, connectivity, and workflow presence, and iv) the leveraging of ABILITY’s sales channel, techniques and capacity.

Breadth of Healthcare Industry Connectivity. The healthcare industry is undergoing a significant transition as it becomes increasingly data-driven. As part of this transition, participants across the healthcare industry, including health plans, pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, and diagnostic companies, are increasingly interested in achieving timely and seamless access to relevant data and being able to drive impact directly with providers and their patients. Concurrently, providers are also increasingly interested in access to more advanced analytical tools to support and improve their clinical and financial performance. Enhancing and expanding our industry connectivity with payer administrative systems, provider facilities, diagnostic systems, pharmacy systems, healthcare industry systems (e.g., electronic healthcare record systems, health information exchange systems, claims processing systems, decision support systems, etc.), and other healthcare clinical and business systems, offers the potential for increased differentiation in the healthcare marketplace as well as improved efficiency of our operations.

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Client and Analytical Process Count Growth.    Our business is generally driven by the number of underlying patients for which our platform solutions are being utilized. As such, we track the number of analytical processes that we run on patients each month in fulfillment of our client contracts, as totaled for the trailing 12 months. We believe that PAM is indicative of our overall level of analytical activity, and we expect our period-to-period comparisons of our PAM to be indicative of underlying growth of our business, although changes in levels of analytical activity do not always directly translate to changes in financial performance of our business. Differences in fees charged for different analytical packages exist and differences in how analytics trigger the applicability of our data-driven intervention platforms may result in increases in analytical activity that do not result in proportional increases in revenue, or net income (and vice versa). Therefore, in situations in which a new engagement is initiated for analytical processes that have a higher than average fee rate, revenue could expand disproportionately faster than the increase in PAM. Likewise, if engagements for analytical processes that have a higher than average fee rate are concluded then such conclusions can negatively affect revenue disproportionately more than PAM.

Seasonality.    The nature of our customers’ end-market results in partial seasonality reflected in both revenue and cost of revenue differences during the year. Regulatory impact of data submission deadlines in, for example, January, March, June, and September drive some degree of predictable timing of analytics and data processing activity variances from quarter to quarter. Further, regulatory clinical encounter deadlines of June 30th and December 31st drive predictable intervention concentrations variances from quarter to quarter. The timing of these factors results in analytical and intervention activity mix variances which have limited predictable impact in the aggregate on our financial performance from quarter to quarter. However, quarter to quarter financial performance may increasingly vary from historical seasonal trends as we continue to expand into adjacent markets and increase the portion of our revenue generated from new offerings. Further, we also expect the impact of seasonality to decrease over time as we expand our mix of revenue generated from a subscription-based model.

Regulatory, Economic and Industry Trends.    Our clients are affected, sometimes directly and sometimes counter-intuitively, by macro-economic trends such as economic growth (or economic recession), inflation, and unemployment. Further, industry trends in federal and state laws and regulations, as well as emerging trends in private sector payment models, affect our clients’ businesses and their need for technologies and services to support these challenges. These factors have various effects on our business, and on occasion have resulted in the slowing or cessation of the decision-making process by clients adopting our technologies and services. On the other hand, changes in macro-economic trends and the industry landscape have accelerated the need for our technologies and services from time-to-time, particularly as regulators introduce complex requirements with which our clients must comply.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events, and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors we believe to be relevant at the time we prepare our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as our operating environment changes. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, and evaluate and update our assumptions, estimates, and judgments to ensure that our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Critical accounting policies are those policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. For a more detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies, please refer to our 2017 Form 10-K.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We earn revenue primarily through the sale or subscription licensing of our platform solutions and arrangements for advisory, implementation, and support services.

Platform solutions include arrangements for technology-based offerings representing subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings, including solutions offered through the myABILITY^® software platform, and legacy platform solutions that are not cloud-based and not billed under a subscription-based contract structure. Our platform solutions revenue is driven primarily by cloud-based data connectivity, analytics, intervention, and visualization software that enables the identification and resolution of gaps in care, quality, utilization, compliance, and/or other gaps that may impact our clients’ achievement of greater healthcare

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quality and financial performance associated with value-based care. Revenue is predominantly based on the number of clients, the number of patients or similar relevant metrics (e.g., the number of prescriptions issued), the size of the client, the number of analytical services contracted for by a client and the contractually negotiated price of such services. Additionally, revenue is based on the number of identified and/or resolved gaps in care, quality, utilization, compliance, and/or other gaps resulting from our analytical services at a contractually negotiated transactional price for each identified and/or resolved gap.

The majority of our platform solutions contracts contain a series of separately identifiable and distinct services that represent performance obligations that are satisfied over time. Revenue is allocated to platform solutions by determining the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Revenue is generally recognized on our platform offerings over the contract term. For certain contracts, we have determined that we will recognize revenue when we have the right to invoice.

Service revenue represents revenue that is generated from strategic advisory, implementation and support services. Revenue from our services arrangements is generally provided under time and materials, fixed-price, or retainer-based contracts, based on agreed upon billing rates applied to direct labor hours expended plus the costs of other items used in the performance of the contract. We recognize revenue when we have the right to invoice the customer using the allowable practical expedient since the right to invoice the customer corresponds with the performance obligations completed. Revenues under fixed-price and retainer-based contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or upon contract completion.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses for employees who provide direct contractual services to our clients, including salaries, benefits, discretionary incentive compensation, employment taxes, severance, and equity compensation costs. Cost of revenue also includes expenses associated with the integration, and verification of data and other service costs incurred to fulfill our revenue contracts. Cost of revenue does not include allocated amounts for occupancy expense and depreciation and amortization. Many of the elements of our cost of revenue are relatively variable and semi-variable, and can be reduced in the near-term to help offset any decline in our revenue.

Our business and operational models are designed to be highly scalable and leverage variable costs to support revenue generating activities. While we may grow our headcount over time to capitalize on our market opportunities, we believe our increased investment in automation, electronic health record integration capabilities, and economies of scale in our operating model, will position us to grow our platform solutions revenue at a greater rate than our cost of revenue, over time, excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, commissions, discretionary incentive compensation, employment taxes, severance, and equity compensation costs for our employees engaged in sales, sales support, business development, and marketing. Sales and marketing expense also includes operating expenses for marketing programs, research, trade shows and brand messages, and public relations costs. Our sales and marketing expense excludes any allocation of occupancy expense and depreciation and amortization.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollar terms as we strategically invest to expand our business, although it may vary from period to period as a percentage of total revenues.

Research and Development

Research and development expense (one component of our investment in innovation) consists primarily of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, discretionary incentive compensation, employment taxes, severance, and equity compensation costs for our software developers, engineers, analysts, project managers, and other employees engaged in the development and enhancement of our service offerings. Research and development expense also includes certain third party consulting fees. Our research and development expense excludes any allocation of occupancy expense and depreciation and amortization.

We expect to continue our focus on developing new product offerings and enhancing our existing product offerings. As a result, we expect our research and development expense to increase in absolute dollars, although it may vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue.

General and Administrative

Our general and administrative expense consists primarily of employee-related expenses including salaries, benefits, discretionary incentive compensation, employment taxes, severance, and equity compensation costs, for employees who are responsible for management information systems, administration, human resources, finance, legal, and executive management. General and administrative expense also includes occupancy expenses (including rent, utilities, communications, and facilities maintenance), professional fees, consulting fees, insurance, travel, and other expenses. Our general and administrative expense excludes depreciation and amortization.

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We expect our general and administrative expense to increase in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue driven by certain one-time costs including the expansion of our business through acquisitions. Over the long term, we expect general and administrative expense to decrease as a percentage of revenue.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Our depreciation and amortization expense consists primarily of depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of capitalized software development costs, and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

We expect our depreciation and amortization expense to increase as we expand our business organically and through acquisitions.

Realized Losses on Short-term Investments

Realized losses on short-term investments consist of losses realized upon the sale of certain of the Company’s available-for-sale securities, prior to their maturity. The losses were incurred as the value of the available-for-sale securities declined from the date of purchase to the date of sale.

We expect to incur realized gains or losses to the extent the available-for-sale securities are sold prior to their maturity. From time to time we may sell our available-for-sale securities prior to their maturity to generate cash needed to fund strategic initiatives including acquisitions.

(Loss) Gain on Disposal of Equipment

Gain on disposal of equipment consists of proceeds received for the disposition of equipment that were greater than the equipment’s depreciated book value.

We expect to recognize gains on disposal of equipment to the extent that proceeds received upon disposal are greater than the carrying value of the underlying equipment, otherwise loss on disposal of equipment could be incurred.

Interest Income

Interest income represents interest earned net of amortization of premium for purchased interest from our available-for-sale short-term investments.

We expect our interest income to fluctuate in proportion to the amount of funds we invest, according to our corporate investment policy, in available-for-sale short-term investments and considering prevailing available interest rate yields on such investment grade debt securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense represents interest incurred on our Credit Facilities (as defined below, under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt”).

We expect our interest expense to increase in connection with the debt commitment discussed in “Note 5—Debt” and to fluctuate in proportion to the outstanding principal balance and the prevailing London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) interest rate.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of federal and state income taxes in the United States and foreign income taxes from the territory of Puerto Rico, including deferred income taxes reflecting the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and excess tax benefits or deficiencies derived from exercises of stock options and vesting of restricted stock.

We expect that our effective tax rate will decrease due to the Tax Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017 and is effective January 1, 2018, and in the future may fluctuate due to the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies associated with stock-based compensation transactions which are considered to be discrete items. Excluding discrete items impacting the effective tax rate, we expect our long-term tax rate to reflect the applicable statutory rates.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data for each of the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change from 2017 to 2018					Six Months Ended June 30,						Change from 2017 to 2018
	2018			2017			$			%		2018			2017			$			%
Revenue	$	152,798		$	110,578		$	42,220		38	%	$	245,553		$	218,884		$	26,669		12	%
Expenses:
Cost of revenue(1)	39,015			37,198			1,817			5	%	72,506			75,483			(2,977		)	(4	)%
Sales and marketing(1)	12,045			8,849			3,196			36	%	19,947			16,436			3,511			21	%
Research and development(1)	7,545			7,282			263			4	%	13,966			15,070			(1,104		)	(7	)%
General and administrative(1)	60,174			35,874			24,300			68	%	109,570			71,719			37,851			53	%
Depreciation and amortization	26,906			12,479			14,427			116	%	43,286			24,964			18,322			73	%
Restructuring expense	9,464			—			*			*%		9,464			—			*			*%
Total operating expenses	155,149			101,682			53,467			53	%	268,739			203,672			65,067			32	%
(Loss) Income from operations	(2,351		)	8,896			(11,247		)	(126	)%	(23,186		)	15,212			(38,398		)	(252	)%
Other income and (expenses):
Realized losses on short-term investments	—			—			*			*%		(1,035		)	—			*			*%
Loss on disposal of equipment	(382		)	(138		)	*			*%		(467		)	(138		)	*			*%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(129		)	—			*			*%		(129		)	—			*			*%
Interest income	154			1,342			(1,188		)	(89	)%	1,549			2,680			(1,131		)	(42	)%
Interest expense	(15,568		)	(1,519		)	(14,049		)	925	%	(17,450		)	(2,932		)	(14,518		)	495	%
(Loss) Income before taxes	(18,276		)	8,581			(26,857		)	(313	)%	(40,718		)	14,822			(55,540		)	(375	)%
(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes	(7,810		)	3,095			(10,905		)	(352	)%	(13,418		)	5,694			(19,112		)	(336	)%
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486		$	(15,952	)	(291	)%	$	(27,300	)	$	9,128		$	(36,428	)	(399	)%

________________________________________________

(1)	Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
	Cost of revenue	$	(87	)	$	410	$	(497	)	(121	)%	$	53	$	715	$	(662	)	(93	)%
	Sales and marketing	(401		)	505		(906		)	(179	)%	68		895		(827		)	(92	)%
	Research and development	330			307		23			7	%	958		580		378			65	%
	General and administrative	2,802			2,525		277			11	%	5,313		5,154		159			3	%
	Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,644		$	3,747	$	(1,103	)	(29	)%	$	6,392	$	7,344	$	(952	)	(13	)%

* Asterisk denotes not meaningful.

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The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data for each of the periods presented as a percentage of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Expenses:
Cost of revenue	26	%	34	%	30	%	34	%
Sales and marketing	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%
Research and development	5	%	7	%	6	%	7	%
General and administrative	39	%	32	%	45	%	33	%
Depreciation and amortization	18	%	11	%	18	%	11	%
Restructuring expense	6	%	—	%	4	%	—	%
Total operating expenses	102	%	92	%	111	%	93	%
(Loss) Income from operations	(2	)%	8	%	(11	)%	7	%
Other income and (expenses):
Realized losses on short-term investments	—	%	—	%	*%		*%
Loss on disposal of equipment	*%		—	%	*%		*%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	*%		—	%	*%		—	%
Interest income	*%		1	%	1	%	1	%
Interest expense	(10	)%	(1	)%	(7	)%	(1	)%
(Loss) Income before taxes	(12	)%	8	%	(17	)%	7	%
(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes	(5	)%	3	%	(5	)%	3	%
Net (loss) income	(7	)%	5	%	(12	)%	4	%

* Asterisk denotes not meaningful.

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $152.8 million, an increase of 38% compared with revenue of $110.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to $6.3 million in revenue contributed from new clients signed and $43.2 million in revenue from the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, which was partially offset by a decrease of $7.3 million in revenue from existing clients resulting from a combination of factors including decisions in 2017 by a limited number of clients to withdraw from Affordable Care Act (as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010) markets, the transition of client contracts to newer product offerings and more subscription-based agreements versus the year-ago period, and the conclusion of client contracts included in the year-ago period.

Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $245.6 million, an increase of 12% compared with revenue of $218.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to $11.0 million in revenue contributed from new clients signed and $45.1 million in revenue from the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, which was partially offset by a decrease of $29.4 million in revenue from existing clients resulting from a combination of factors including decisions in 2017 by a limited number of clients to withdraw from Affordable Care Act (as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010) markets, the transition of client contracts to newer product offerings and more subscription-based agreements versus the year-ago period, and the conclusion of client contracts included in the year-ago period.

Cost of Revenue

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cost of revenue increased by $1.8 million, or 5%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to incremental cost of revenue of $7.8 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, which was partially offset by a decrease of employee-related expenses of $3.4 million driven by technology-enabled platform efficiency initiatives, a decrease in fulfillment of $1.4 million, and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million. Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 26% and 34% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, reflecting the factors discussed above as well as an increase in the mix of higher-margin platform solutions as a percentage of revenue.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of revenue decreased by $3.0 million, or 4%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease of employee-related expenses of

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$7.6 million driven by technology-enabled platform efficiency initiatives, a decrease in fulfillment of $2.0 million, a decrease in professional third-party costs of $1.2 million, and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million, which was partially offset by incremental cost of revenue of $10.1 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS. Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 30% and 34% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, reflecting the factors discussed above as well as an increase in the mix of higher-margin platform solutions as a percentage of revenue.

Sales and Marketing

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.2 million, or 36%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was driven by incremental sales and marketing expenses of $2.9 million attributable to the acquired business of ABILITY. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue was 8% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.5 million, or 21%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was driven by incremental sales and marketing expenses of $2.9 million attributable to the acquired business of ABILITY and by our investment to expand our sales organization and partner team to focus on adding new clients and capturing an increased amount of market opportunity. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue was 8% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Research and Development

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, research and development expense increased by $0.3 million, or 4%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental expense of $2.3 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, which was partially offset by an increased focus on development of the Inovalon ONE^® Platform, resulting in an increase to capitalized software projects of $0.9 million, and a decrease in professional third-party costs of $0.8 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, research and development expense decreased by $1.1 million, or 7%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increased focus on development of the Inovalon ONE^® Platform, resulting in an increase to capitalized software projects of $3.6 million, which was partially offset by incremental expense of $2.6 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS.

General and Administrative

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, general and administrative expenses increased by $24.3 million, or 68%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental expenses of $11.5 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, an increase of $7.2 million related to the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration related to positive performances achieved in the second quarter of 2018, an increase in professional third-party party costs of $2.7 million, which includes a $2.2 million increase in legal expenses related to non-recurring litigation, an increase in employee-related expenses of $2.0 million, which includes an increase in severance expense of $0.5 million related to cost reduction initiatives. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was 39% and 32% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, general and administrative expenses increased by $37.9 million, or 53%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental expenses of $15.9 million attributable to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS, an increase of $7.4 million related to the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration, an increase in employee-related expenses of $6.5 million, which includes an increase in severance expense of $1.2 million related to cost reduction initiatives, transaction and integration costs related to the acquisition of ABILITY of $5.4 million, and an increase in professional third-party party costs of $5.2 million, which includes a $3.5 million increase in legal expenses related to non-recurring litigation. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was 45% and 33% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Depreciation and Amortization

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization expense increased by $14.4 million, or 116%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to amortization of acquired intangible assets of $10.0 million, depreciation of software licenses and computers of $1.8 million, depreciation of capital leases of $0.7 million, and $0.6 million of depreciation of other assets related to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization expense increased by $18.3 million, or 73%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to amortization of acquired intangible assets of $10.1 million, depreciation of software licenses and computers of $4.0 million, depreciation of capital leases of $1.0 million, and $0.8 million of depreciation of other assets related to the acquired businesses of ABILITY and CCS.

24

Restructuring Expenses

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred restructuring expenses of $9.5 million related to restructuring programs initiated in the second quarter of 2018 related to operating and cost efficiency improvement initiatives. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, there were no restructuring expenses. See “Note 8—Restructuring expenses and other charges” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Loss on Disposal of Equipment

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred a loss of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to the disposal of equipment. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, there were no losses on disposals of equipment.

Interest Income

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, interest income decreased by $1.2 million, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, interest income decreased by $1.1 million, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in our interest income was primarily attributable to a decrease in the balance of our available-for-sale short term investment portfolios as a result of the liquidation of certain investments to fund the ABILITY Acquisition and resulted in a decrease in earnings derived from these investments.

Interest Expense

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, interest expense increased by $14.0 million, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, interest expense increased by $14.5 million, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to an increase in borrowings in connection with the 2018 Term Facility entered into on April 2, 2018 (as defined below under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt”).

(Benefit from) Provision for Income Taxes

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the benefit from income taxes was $7.8 million compared to provision for income taxes of $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately 42.7%, compared with approximately 36.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The benefit from income taxes during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the recognized tax benefits in the period due to legislative changes to income apportionments in the state of Maryland, which, due to the loss position, resulted in an increase to our effective tax rate.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the benefit from income taxes was $13.4 million compared to provision for income taxes of $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately 33.0%, compared with approximately 38.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in our effective tax rate is primarily a result of the Tax Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017 and was effective January 1, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash generated by operating activities, proceeds from our initial public offering (the balance of which were expended in connection with the ABILITY Acquisition) and proceeds from our Credit Facilities. Our cash generated from such sources has been sufficient to fund our growth, including our capital expenditures. As of June 30, 2018, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $83.7 million, of which $15.7 million represented short-term, available-for-sale, investment grade, domestic debt-securities, compared with $531.5 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of June 30, 2017, of which $339.5 million represented short-term, available-for-sale, investment grade, domestic debt-securities.

We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments balance, expected cash generated by operating activities and availability of cash under our 2018 Credit Agreement (including the 2018 Revolving Facility of $100 million, as defined below, of which no amounts were outstanding as of June 30, 2018) are sufficient to fund our operations, finance our strategic initiatives, and fund our investment in innovation and new service offerings, for the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that we will be able to maintain our ability to borrow under our 2018 Credit Agreement.

25

Debt

On September 19, 2014, we entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement with a group of lenders including Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent (the “2014 Credit Agreement”). The terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement provided for credit facilities in the aggregate maximum principal amount of $400.0 million, consisting of a senior unsecured term loan facility in the original principal amount of $300.0 million (the “2014 Term Loan Facility”) and a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $100.0 million (the “2014 Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the 2014 Term Loan Facility, the “2014 Credit Facilities”).

On April 2, 2018, we paid in full all existing debt obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement and terminated all commitments to extend further credit thereunder. On April 2, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, to provide a secured Credit Facility which is comprised of: (i) a term loan B facility with us as borrower in a total principal amount of $980.0 million (the “2018 Term Facility”); and (ii) a revolving credit facility with us as borrower in a total principal amount of up to $100.0 million (the “2018 Revolving Facility” together with the 2018 Term Facility, the “2018 Facilities”). As of June 30, 2018, no amounts were outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Facility. See “Note 5—Debt” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

As of June 30, 2018, we had outstanding indebtedness under the 2018 Term Facility and capital lease obligations of $949.8 million and $16.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, we had outstanding indebtedness under the 2014 Term Loan Facility and capital lease obligations of $251.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. No amounts were outstanding under the 2018 or 2014 Revolving Credit Facilities as of June 30, 2018 or June 30, 2017, respectively. The 2018 Term Facility has a seven year term and is an amortizing facility with quarterly principal payments and monthly interest payments. The 2014 Term Loan Facility had a five year term and was an amortizing facility with quarterly principal payments and monthly interest payments. Scheduled principal payments totaling $236.3 million and scheduled interest payments totaling $11.1 million were paid during the six months ended June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, we were in compliance with the covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement.

Cash Flows

Operating Cash Flow Activities

Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $20.1 million, representing a decrease in cash inflow of $21.0 million compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by a decrease in net income of $36.4 million and an increase of $8.3 million in cash paid for interest primarily attributable to an increase in borrowings in connection with the 2018 Term Facility, which was partially offset by an increase in non-cash expenses of $25.8 million, which include an increase in depreciation and amortization of $18.3 million, non-cash restructuring expenses of $8.6 million, an increase related to the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration of $8.7 million, and a decrease related to deferred income taxes of $10.6 million.

Investing Cash Flow Activities

Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $872.1 million compared with cash provided by investing activities of $80.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. Cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the acquisition of ABILITY, net of cash acquired of $1.1 billion and investments in property and equipment and capitalized software of $39.0 million, which was partially offset by proceeds generated from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities of $249.7 million.

We make investments in innovation, including research and development expense, capital software development costs, and research and development infrastructure investments, on a recurring basis. We expect our investment in innovation to increase in the foreseeable future to support our continued growth and new service offerings.

Financing Cash Flow Activities

Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $711.0 million, compared with cash used in financing activities of $57.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. Cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to proceeds from the 2018 Term Facility of $965.3 million, which was partially offset by $236.3 million for the repayment of 2014 Credit Facility borrowings and the payment of debt issuance costs of $18.3 million.

Contractual Obligations

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, there have been no material changes, outside of the ordinary course of business, in our contractual obligations previously disclosed under the caption “Contractual Obligations” in our 2017 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

26

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently issued accounting standards and their expected impact, if any, are discussed in “Note 1—Basis of Presentation”, in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, included under Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, included under Item 15 within our 2017 Form 10-K.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Variable Rate Debt Risk.    Our variable rate debt includes our 2018 Term Facility and our 2018 Revolving Facility. As of June 30, 2018, we had $949.8 million outstanding under our 2018 Term Facility at an effective interest rate of approximately 5.6%. As a result, if market interest rates were to increase by 1.0%, or 100 basis points, interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows, net of estimated tax benefits, by approximately $7.0 million annually. As of June 30, 2018, there was no balance outstanding on the 2018 Revolving Facility.

To mitigate the risk of a rise in interest rates, we entered into four interest rate swap transactions during the second quarter of 2018, which mature in March 2025, fixing the LIBOR component of the interest on a total of $700.0 million of our 2018 Term Facility at a weighted average rate of 2.8%. While we have and may continue to enter into agreements intending to limit our exposure to higher interest rates, any such agreements may not completely offset the risks of interest rate volatility or other risks inherent to interest rate swap transactions previously disclosed in Part II—Item 1A (“Risk Factors”) of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

Marketable Securities Risk.    We had short-term investment portfolios, including cash held in money market funds, totaling approximately $40.6 million as of June 30, 2018. This amount was invested primarily in marketable securities including corporate notes and bonds, U.S. agency obligations, and money market funds. Our investments are made for capital preservation purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.

Our short-term investments are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates, which could affect our results of operations. A rise in interest rates may adversely affect the market value of fixed rate securities, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However because we classify our marketable securities as “available-for-sale,” no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be other-than-temporary.

An immediate increase or decrease of 100-basis points in interest rates would have no material impact on the market value of our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2018. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur. Fluctuations in the value of our investment securities caused by a change in interest rates (gains or losses on the carrying value) are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and are realized only if we sell the underlying securities prior to their maturity.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer (“CEO”) and chief financial officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, (as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of June 30, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that material information relating to Inovalon Holdings, Inc., including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to our CEO and CFO by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report was being prepared and that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 On April 2, 2018, we completed our acquisition of ABILITY. SEC guidance permits management to omit an assessment of an acquired business’ internal control over financial reporting from management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting for a period not to exceed one year from the date of the acquisition. Accordingly, management has not assessed ABILITY’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018.

Changes in Internal Control

On April 2, 2018, we completed our acquisition of ABILITY and effective from that date, we began integrating ABILITY into our existing control procedures. There have been no other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting

27

(as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the six months ended June 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

28

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

See “Note 7—Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

For a discussion of potential risks and uncertainties related to our Company see the information in Part I, Item 1A (“Risk Factors”) of our 2017 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2017 Form 10-K and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

   In connection with the Company’s acquisition of ABILITY, on April 2, 2018, the Company issued 7,598,731 restricted shares of Class A common stock to former ABILITY stockholders in exchange for such stockholder’s shares of ABILITY common stock. These restricted shares are subject to lock-up agreements prohibiting sale or transfer - 100% shall be restricted for the first 12 months following the date of acquisition and 50% shall be restricted for 18 months following the date of acquisition. The shares of Class A common stock were issued in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act on the basis that no public offering or general solicitation was made, the recipients were provided with certain disclosure materials and all other information requested with respect to the Company, and the Company affixed appropriate legends to the shares of Class A common stock setting forth that the issuance and resale of the securities were not registered and are subject to applicable restrictions on transfer. The issuance of the shares of Class A common stock did not involve any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

On February 18, 2015, we completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) of 22,222,222 shares of Class A common stock and, upon the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, issued an additional 3,142,581 shares of Class A common stock for a total of 25,364,803 shares issued. All of the shares were sold pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-201321), that was declared effective by the SEC on February 11, 2015. The principal purposes of our IPO were to create a public market for our Class A common stock and thereby enable future access to the public equity markets by us and our stockholders, and obtain additional capital. Through December 31, 2017, in aggregate, we used $200.0 million of the net proceeds from the IPO to repurchase outstanding Class A common shares under our share repurchase program. We used the remaining net proceeds to us from our IPO to fund a portion of the cash used to acquire ABILITY on April 2, 2018.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchasers

None.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information

None.

29

Item 6.    Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Description of Document
10.1		Credit Agreement dated as of April 2, 2018 among Inovalon Holdings, Inc., Morgan Stanley Senior Funding Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 2, 2018).
10.2		Guarantee and Collateral Agreement with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as Collateral Agent for the secured parties thereto, and the Subsidiary Guarantors dated April 2, 2018 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 2, 2018).
31.1	*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

_____________________________________

* Filed herewith.

** This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), or the Exchange Act.

30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 1, 2018	INOVALON HOLDINGS, INC.
	By:	/s/ KEITH R. DUNLEAVY, M.D.
		Keith R. Dunleavy, M.D. Chief Executive Officer & Chairman (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ JONATHAN R. BOLDT
		Jonathan R. Boldt  Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

31

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1 

CERTIFICATION 

I, Keith R. Dunleavy, M.D., certify that:

        1.     I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inovalon Holdings, Inc.;

        2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

        3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

        4.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

        (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

        (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

        (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

        (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

        5.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

       (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

        (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KEITH R. DUNLEAVY, M.D.

Keith R. Dunleavy, M.D.

Chief Executive Officer & Chairman

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 1, 2018

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2 

CERTIFICATION 

I, Jonathan R. Boldt, certify that:

        1.     I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inovalon Holdings, Inc.;

        2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

        3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

        4.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

        (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

        (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

        (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

        (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

        5.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

       (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

        (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ JONATHAN R. BOLDT

Jonathan R. Boldt

Interim Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 1, 2018

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Keith R. Dunleavy, M.D., the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Company, certify, to my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ KEITH R. DUNLEAVY, M.D.

Keith R. Dunleavy, M.D.

Chief Executive Officer & Chairman

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 1, 2018

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

        In connection with the Quarterly Report of Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Jonathan R. Boldt, the Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and 

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ JONATHAN R. BOLDT

Jonathan R. Boldt

Interim Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 1, 2018

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 20, 2018
Entity Registrant Name	Inovalon Holdings, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001619954
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Class A Common
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		72,055,158
Class B Common
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		80,608,685

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 68,007	$ 208,944
Short-term investments	15,674	267,288
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $3,788 and $2,038 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	114,121	90,054
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	17,982	10,441
Income tax receivable	12,868	11,987
Total current assets	228,652	588,714
Non-current assets:
Property, equipment and capitalized software, net	139,626	125,768
Goodwill	934,693	184,932
Intangible assets, net	584,678	89,326
Other assets	17,034	6,338
Total assets	1,904,683	995,078
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	27,033	34,109
Accrued compensation	18,602	18,592
Other current liabilities	41,325	15,277
Deferred revenue	18,195	6,954
Deferred rent	540	1,818
Credit facilities	9,800	45,000
Capital lease obligation	1,796	336
Total current liabilities	117,291	122,086
Non-current liabilities:
Credit facilities, less current portion	940,038	191,250
Capital lease obligation, less current portion	14,940	12,109
Deferred rent, less current portion	2,838	219
Other liabilities	20,029	0
Deferred income taxes	115,624	26,642
Total liabilities	1,210,760	352,306
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)	0	0
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	0	0
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	0	0
Additional paid-in-capital	611,035	534,159
Retained earnings	282,335	308,905
Treasury stock, at cost, 14,620,175 shares at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	(199,817)	(199,817)
Other comprehensive loss	369	(476)
Total stockholders’ equity	693,923	642,772
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	1,904,683	995,078
Class A Common
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	0	0
Class B Common
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	$ 1	$ 1

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts receivable, allowances
Accounts receivable, allowances (in dollars)	$ 3,788	$ 2,038
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.000005	$ 0.000005
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	900,000,000	900,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Class A Common
Common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.000005	$ 0.000005
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	750,000,000	750,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	86,592,250	77,588,018
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	71,972,075	62,967,843
Treasury stock
Treasury stock (in shares)	14,620,175	14,620,175
Class B Common
Common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.000005	$ 0.000005
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	80,608,685	80,957,495
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	80,608,685	80,957,495

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 152,798	$ 110,578	$ 245,553	$ 218,884
Expenses:
Cost of revenue	[1]	39,015	37,198	72,506	75,483
Sales and marketing	[1]	12,045	8,849	19,947	16,436
Research and development	[1]	7,545	7,282	13,966	15,070
General and administrative	[1]	60,174	35,874	109,570	71,719
Depreciation and amortization		26,906	12,479	43,286	24,964
Restructuring expense		9,464	0	9,464	0
Total operating expenses		155,149	101,682	268,739	203,672
(Loss) Income from operations		(2,351)	8,896	(23,186)	15,212
Other income and (expenses):
Realized losses on short-term investments		0	0	(1,035)	0
Loss on disposal of equipment		(382)	(138)	(467)	(138)
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt		(129)	0	(129)	0
Interest income		154	1,342	1,549	2,680
Interest expense		(15,568)	(1,519)	(17,450)	(2,932)
(Loss) Income before taxes		(18,276)	8,581	(40,718)	14,822
(Benefit from) Provision for income taxes		(7,810)	3,095	(13,418)	5,694
Net (loss) income		(10,466)	5,486	(27,300)	9,128
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		$ (10,466)	$ 5,338	$ (27,300)	$ 8,913
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted:
Basic net (loss) income per share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.07)	$ 0.04	$ (0.19)	$ 0.06
Diluted net (loss) income per share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.07)	$ 0.04	$ (0.19)	$ 0.06
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic (in shares)		147,181	142,632	143,301	143,680
Diluted (in shares)		147,181	143,072	143,301	144,123

[1] (1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue$(87) $410 $53 $715 Sales and marketing(401) 505 68 895 Research and development330 307 958 580 General and administrative2,802 2,525 5,313 5,154 Total stock-based compensation expense$2,644 $3,747 $6,392 $7,344

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,644	$ 3,747	$ 6,392	$ 7,344
Cost of revenue
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Total stock-based compensation expense	(87)	410	53	715
Sales and marketing
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Total stock-based compensation expense	(401)	505	68	895
Research and development
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Total stock-based compensation expense	330	307	958	580
General and administrative
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,802	$ 2,525	$ 5,313	$ 5,154

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Net (loss) income	$ (10,466)	$ 5,486	$ (27,300)	$ 9,128
Other comprehensive income:
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI on Derivatives, Net of Tax	570	0	570	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Arising During Period, Net of Tax	(135)	0	(135)	0
Realized losses on short-term investments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax of $0, $0, $(319) and $0, respectively	0	0	716	0
Net change in unrealized (losses) and gains on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $(14), $136, $91 and $272, respectively	31	35	(204)	211
Reclassification of income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017	0	0	(102)	0
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (10,000)	$ 5,521	$ (26,455)	$ 9,339

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI on Derivatives, Tax	$ (268)	$ 0	$ (268)	$ 0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Arising During Period, Tax	64	0	64	0
Realized gains on short-term investments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, tax	0	0	(319)	0
Net change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments, tax	$ (14)	$ 136	$ 91	$ 272

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (27,300)	$ 9,128
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	6,392	7,344
Depreciation	25,638	17,442
Amortization of intangibles	17,648	7,522
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments	264	1,017
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount	1,024	0
Deferred income taxes	(13,151)	(2,513)
Restructuring expense, non-cash	8,583	0
Loss on sale of short-term investments	1,035	0
Loss on disposal of equipment	467	138
Loss on extinguishment of debt	129	0
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	8,700	0
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(7,312)	(10,107)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,222)	683
Income taxes receivable	(330)	7,328
Other assets	(5,727)	(2,313)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(10,676)	5,660
Accrued compensation	2,336	112
Other current and non-current liabilities	9,592	114
Deferred rent	1,793	(446)
Deferred revenue	4,241	10
Net cash provided by operating activities	20,124	41,119
Cash flows from investing activities:
Maturities of short-term investments	87,901	105,245
Sales of short-term investments	161,772	0
Purchases of property and equipment	(16,476)	(9,180)
Investment in capitalized software	(22,532)	(15,394)
Acquisition, net of cash acquired of $23,850	(1,082,740)	0
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(872,075)	80,671
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repurchase of common stock	0	(45,173)
Proceeds from credit facility borrowings, net of discount	965,300	0
Repayment of credit facility borrowings	(236,250)	(15,000)
Payments for debt issuance costs	(18,269)	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,613	3,016
Capital lease obligations paid	(311)	(58)
Tax payments for equity award issuances	(1,069)	(246)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	711,014	(57,461)
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents	(140,937)	64,329
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	208,944	127,683
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	68,007	192,012
Supplementary cash flow disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for: Income taxes, net of refunds	107	379
Cash paid during the period for: Interest	11,131	2,840
Non-cash investing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred	4,602	0
Accruals for purchases of property, equipment	7,292	4,773
Accruals for investment in capitalized software	1,841	1,302
Other Significant Noncash Transaction, Value of Consideration Given	$ 83,580	$ 0

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash Acquired from Acquisition	$ 23,850	$ 0

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (“Inovalon” or the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The year-end December 31, 2017 condensed consolidated balance sheet data included herein was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2018, the results of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosures, as of the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported during the period. Actual results could differ from estimates. The information contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified within the operating section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, and within the investing section of the statements of cash flows to conform with current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net cash provided by operating activities or net cash (used in) provided by investing activities as previously reported.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovalon Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s management considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and subsequent clarifying guidance (“ASU 2014-09”). The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Refer to “Note 2—Revenue.”

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update amends the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 and there was no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The update amends the current hedge accounting model and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. This guidance also requires, for qualifying hedges, the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The update also eases documentation and assessment requirements, modifies certain disclosure requirements, and modifies the method of accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the second quarter of 2018 concurrent with entering into four interest rate swaps. Refer to “Note 6—Fair Value Measurements.”

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The guidance is effective for all public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. This guidance allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or fiscal year before the effective date. The Company early adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018, and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act of $0.1 million from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, from those disclosed in the 2017 Form 10-K, that would be expected to impact the Company except for the following:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and enhanced disclosure about leasing arrangements. The lease asset represents a right of use asset and the lease liability represents the obligation to make lease payments. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach requires retrospective application to comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is in the process of identifying its portfolio of leases that will be recorded to the balance sheet, reviewing applicable lease agreements, evaluating the election to utilize practical expedients, and implementing changes to our processes and internal controls. The Company plans to adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on the consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of ASC 718, Compensation–Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquired goods and services from non-employees. This update includes changing the accounting for non-employee stock-based compensation as it relates to the award measurement date, the fair value measurement of the awards, and forfeitures, among other changes to align the accounting with ASC 718. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is in the process of evaluating the timing and impact of adoption on the consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures.

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REVENUE

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE

REVENUE

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Revenues for periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. The Company recorded a cumulative effect net adjustment to increase retained earnings by $0.6 million as of January 1, 2018. The impact as a result of adopting ASC 606 was an increase of $0.2 million and $0.4 million in revenue and an increase of $0.1 million and $0.2 million in expense resulting from deferred commissions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

These adjustments primarily related to commissions for certain contracts which are now expensed over the remaining life of the contracts and credits provided to customers which are recorded as a reduction to revenue over the applicable service period. For the remaining contracts, the Company has elected to use the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

On April 2, 2018, concurrent with the ABILITY Acquisition (as defined in “Note 9—Business Combinations”), the Company was required to comply with ASC 606 and adopted ASU 2014-09 with respect to ABILITY. There was no material impact on the consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting ASU 2014-09.

The Company primarily derives its revenues through the sale or subscription licensing of its platform solutions and services. The following table disaggregates revenue by offering (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017(1)		2018		2017
Platform solutions(2)	$	138,209	$	96,072	$	217,175	$	187,504
Services(3)	14,589		14,506		28,378		31,380
Total revenue	$	152,798	$	110,578	$	245,553	$	218,884

______________________________________

(1) Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

(2) Platform solutions include arrangements for technology-based offerings representing subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings and legacy platform solutions that are not cloud-based and not billed under a subscription-based contract structure.

(3) Services include advisory, implementation, and support services under time and materials, fixed price, or retainer-based contracts.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a contractual promise to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation based on standalone selling price and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied. The determination of standalone selling price for each performance obligation requires judgment based on the terms of the contract.

The majority of the Company’s platform solutions contracts contain a series of separately identifiable and distinct services that represent performance obligations that are satisfied over time. The Company allocates revenue to platform solutions by determining the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Revenue is generally recognized on our platform offerings over the contract term. For these contracts, the Company has determined that it will use the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-55-18 to recognize revenue when it has the right to invoice. The Company qualifies for this practical expedient because the right to invoice corresponds directly with the value transferred to the customer.

The Company allocates revenue to its service arrangements for advisory, implementation, and support services based on contractually agreed upon billing rates applied to direct labor hours expended plus the costs of other items used in the performance of the contract. The Company concluded that it will recognize revenue when it has the right to invoice the customer using the allowable practical expedient since the right to invoice the customer corresponds with the performance obligations completed. Revenues under fixed-price and retainer-based contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or upon contract completion.

Certain of the Company’s arrangements entitle a client to receive a refund if the Company fails to satisfy contractually specified performance obligations. The refund is limited to a portion or all of the consideration paid. In this case, revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied. Historically, the Company has met contractually specified performance obligations.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and deferred revenue. Invoices to clients are generated in accordance with the terms of the applicable contract, which may not be directly related to the performance of services. Unbilled receivables are invoiced when the achievement of specific events as defined by each contract occurs. The Company had an unbilled receivables balance of $8.1 million and $14.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the unbilled receivables balance was primarily driven by the timing of billings, which was partially offset by $2.1 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY. Refer to “Note 9—Business Combinations.” Unbilled receivables are classified as accounts receivable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Advanced billings to clients in excess of revenue earned are recorded as deferred revenue until the aforementioned revenue recognition criteria are met.

The Company had deferred commissions of $2.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and no deferred commissions as of December 31, 2017. The change in deferred commissions was primarily driven by $1.3 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY.

The Company had a deferred revenue balance of $18.2 million and $7.0 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The change in the deferred revenue balance was primarily driven by $7.6 million related to the acquisition of ABILITY. Revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year, or as of the acquisition date as it relates to ABILITY, was $4.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

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NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE

NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE

Holders of all outstanding classes of common stock participate ratably in earnings on an identical per share basis as if all shares were a single class. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock (Class A common stock and Class B common stock) outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. If the Company incurs a loss from continuing operations, diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). Under the treasury stock method, dilutive securities are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the periods and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Securities are excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive to EPS.

The Company has issued RSAs under the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Company considers issued and unvested RSAs to be participating securities as the holders of these RSAs have a non-forfeitable right to dividends in the event of the Company’s declaration of a dividend on shares of Class A and Class B common stock. Subsequent to the issuance of the participating securities, the Company applied the two-class method required in calculating net (loss) income per share of Class A and Class B common stock. Under the two-class method, net income attributable to common stockholders is determined by allocating undistributed earnings, calculated as net income, less earnings attributable to participating securities. The net income per share attributable to common stockholders is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock as if the income for the period has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for both classes of common stock, the net income attributable to common stockholders is allocated on a proportionate basis. If the Company incurs a loss from continuing operations, losses are not allocated to participating securities.

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Basic
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486		$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	—			(148		)	—			(215		)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06
Diluted
Numerator:
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Effect of dilutive securities	—			440			—			443
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	147,181			143,072			143,301			144,123
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06

The computation of diluted EPS does not include certain awards, on a weighted average basis, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS. The awards excluded because of their anti-dilutive effect are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Awards excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive	141	135	132	213

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

As of June 30, 2018, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674
Total available-for-sale securities	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674

As of December 31, 2017, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	232,048	$	3	$	(572	)	$	231,479
U.S. agency obligations	15,341		—		(99		)	15,242
U.S. treasury securities	20,735		—		(168		)	20,567
Total available-for-sale securities	$	268,124	$	3	$	(839	)	$	267,288

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our short-term investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the securities as of the dates shown (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Due in one year or less	$	15,177	$	204,725
Due after one year through two years	497		62,563
Total	$	15,674	$	267,288

The Company has certain available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position. The Company reviews its debt securities classified as short-term investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. The Company considers factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial position and near-term prospects of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized-cost basis. If the Company determines that an other-than-temporary decline exists, or if write downs related to credit losses are necessary, in one of these securities, the unrealized losses attributable to the respective investment would be reclassified to realized losses on short-term investments within the statement of operations. There were no impairments considered other-than-temporary as of June 30, 2018.

The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2018, aggregated by investment category (in thousands):

	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,674	$	(96	)

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DEBT

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

DEBT

DEBT

On September 19, 2014, the Company entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement with a group of lenders and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent (the “2014 Credit Agreement”). The terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement provided for credit facilities in the aggregate maximum principal amount of $400.0 million, consisting of a senior unsecured term loan facility in the original principal amount of $300.0 million (the “2014 Term Loan Facility”) and a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $100.0 million (the “2014 Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the 2014 Term Loan Facility, the “2014 Credit Facilities”). The 2014 Term Loan Facility had a five-year term and was an amortizing facility with principal payments quarterly and interest payments monthly.

On April 2, 2018, the Company paid in full all existing debt obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement and terminated all commitments to extend further credit thereunder. On April 2, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (“MSSF”), as administrative agent, providing for (i) a term loan B facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of $980.0 million (the “2018 Term Facility”); and (ii) a revolving credit facility with the Company as borrower in a total principal amount of up to $100.0 million (the “2018 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2018 Term Facility, the “2018 Credit Facilities”). The 2018 Revolving Facility will terminate on April 2, 2023 and the 2018 Term Facility will mature on April 2, 2025. The entire $980.0 million 2018 Term Facility was borrowed on April 2, 2018, and was used to pay off all of the Company’s existing debt obligations under the 2014 Credit Facilities as well as to provide the financing necessary to fund, in part, the cash consideration paid to acquire ABILITY. As of June 30, 2018 the entire $100.0 million Revolving Facility remained available. A loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees.

At the option of the Company, the loans outstanding under the 2018 Term Facility will bear interest either at: (i) Adjusted London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable rate of 3.50% (or 3.25% if the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the 2018 Credit Agreement, is equal to or falls below 4.00 to 1.00) or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) plus an applicable margin. The Company may elect interest periods of one, two, three or six months for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings. As set forth in the 2018 Credit Agreement, the ABR is the higher of: (i) the rate that MSSF as Administrative Agent announces from time to time as its prime or base commercial lending rate, as in effect from time to time, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus ½ of 1.0% and (iii) one-month Adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0%.

The following table discloses the outstanding debt at each balance date as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
2018 Term Facility(1)	$	949,838	$	—
2018 Revolving Facility	—		—
2014 Term Loan Facility	—		236,250
2014 Revolving Credit Facility	—		—
Total Credit Facilities	949,838		236,250
Less: current portion	9,800		45,000
Non-current Credit Facilities	$	940,038	$	191,250

______________________________________

(1) The 2018 Term Facility is presented net of unamortized deferred financing fees and original issue discount (“OID”) of $30.2 million.

The Company incurred an OID of $14.7 million and deferred financing fees of $16.4 million related to the 2018 Term Facility, which are shown as a direct reduction to the face amount and amortized as interest expense, primarily using the effective interest method, over the life of the 2018 Credit Agreement. The Company incurred $1.9 million in deferred financing fees related to the 2018 Revolving Facility, which is amortized as interest expense using the straight-line method. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $0.4 million in OID amortization expense and $0.5 million in deferred financing fees related to the 2018 Term Facility. The Company recognized $0.1 million in amortization expense related to the 2018 Revolving Facility during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the 2018 Credit Agreement) are subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement, and the 2018 Credit Agreement includes certain customary representations and warranties of the Company. As of June 30, 2018, the Company is in compliance with the covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	24,934	$	—		$	—		$	24,934
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		15,674			—			15,674
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	—		3,462			—			3,462
Other current liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	—		(2,823		)	—			(2,823		)
Contingent consideration	—		—			(16,100		)	(16,100		)
Other liabilities
Contingent consideration	—		—			(17,212		)	(17,212		)
Total	$	24,934	$	16,313		$	(33,312	)	$	7,935

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	162,347	$	—	$	—		$	162,347
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		231,479		—			231,479
U.S. agency obligations	—		15,242		—			15,242
U.S. treasury securities	—		20,567		—			20,567
Other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		(7,400		)	(7,400		)
Total	$	162,347	$	267,288	$	(7,400	)	$	422,235

The Company determines the fair value of its security holdings based on pricing from its pricing vendors. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. Such market prices may be quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or pricing determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs). The Company performs procedures to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded such as comparing prices obtained from other sources.

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	(7,400	)	$	(12,600	)
Fair value adjustment (recognized in general and administrative expenses)	(8,700		)	5,200
Contingent consideration attributable to and assumed from ABILITY Acquisition	(17,212		)	—
Total	$	(33,312	)	$	(7,400	)

2018 Credit Facilities

The Company records debt on the balance sheet at carrying value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s debt is determined based on Level 2 inputs including current market rates for similar types of borrowings. The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt (including the current portion thereof) as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018
Carrying amount	$	949,838
Fair value	$	918,968

Interest Rate Swaps

In connection with the 2018 Credit Agreement, the Company entered into four interest rate swaps during the second quarter of 2018, each of which mature in March 2025, to mitigate the risk of a rise in interest rates. These interest rate swaps mitigate the exposure on the variable component of interest on the Company’s 2018 Credit Facility. The interest rate swaps fix the LIBOR rate component of interest on $700.0 million of the 2018 Term Facility at a weighted average rate of approximately 2.8%. See “Note 5—Debt” for additional information. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are deemed highly effective under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The interest rate swaps are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as either assets or liabilities and any changes to the fair value are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into interest expense in the same period in which the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings. Cash flows from interest rate swaps are reported in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.

The following table presents the fair value of interest rate swaps on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Asset Derivative			Liability Derivative
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swap contract	Other assets	$	3,462	Other current liabilities	$	(2,823	)

The following table presents the location and amount of gains and losses on interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and the statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018  (in thousands):

	Gain (Loss) recognized in OCI			Statement of Operations Location	(Gain) Loss reclassified from OCI
Interest rate swap contract	$	(199	)	Interest expense	$	838

 The net amount of accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be reclassified to interest expense in the next 12 months is $2.9 million.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings—From time to time the Company is involved in various litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. The Company consults with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seeks input from other experts and advisors with respect to such matters. Estimating the probable losses or a range of probable losses resulting from litigation, government actions and other legal proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, may involve discretionary amounts, present novel legal theories, are in the early stages of the proceedings, or are subject to appeal. Whether any losses, damages or remedies ultimately resulting from such matters could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including, for example, the timing and amount of such losses or damages (if any) and the structure and type of any such remedies. The Company’s management does not presently expect any litigation matters to have a material adverse impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

There have been no significant or material developments to current legal proceedings, including the estimated effects on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, subsequent to the disclosure previously provided in Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Form 10-K.

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RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE

RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company completed actions under restructuring programs as part of its continuing efficiency-enhancement and cost-reduction initiatives, both as part of its ongoing margin expansion goals, as well as related to the recent acquisition and ongoing integration of ABILITY. The initiatives primarily related to workforce reductions, site closures, streamlining of software development initiatives, changes in the structure of certain business functions, and strategic initiatives to achieve cost and product development synergies in connection with the ABILITY Acquisition (as defined in “Note 9—Business Combinations”).

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred $9.5 million in restructuring expense which includes $6.4 million related to a streamlining of software development initiatives, $1.8 million in severance expense, and $1.3 million for lease termination costs and accelerated depreciation related to associated leasehold improvements. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had a remaining restructuring liability associated with severance and lease termination costs of $2.9 million.

The following table presents restructuring liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	—
Accruals for severance	1,764
Accruals for lease termination	1,405
Severance payments	(273		)
Lease termination accretion	(8		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	2,888

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Business Combinations [Abstract]

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

2018 Acquisition

ABILITY Network, Inc.

On April 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition (the “ABILITY Acquisition”) of Butler Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Butler”), and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including, without limitation, ABILITY Network Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ABILITY”), for aggregate consideration of $1.19 billion (the “Purchase Price”).

ABILITY is a leading cloud-based Software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) technology company helping to simplify the administrative and clinical complexities of healthcare. Through the myABILITY^® software platform, an integrated set of cloud-based applications for providers, ABILITY provides core connectivity, administrative, clinical, and quality analysis, management, and performance improvement capabilities to more than 44,000 acute, post-acute and ambulatory point-of-care provider facilities. The extensive datasets, on-demand compute capability, advanced analytics, and broad healthcare ecosystem connectivity enabled by the Inovalon ONE^® Platform are expected to provide a significant expansion of application offerings within the myABILITY^® software platform while also expanding the nature and reach of high-value solutions for Inovalon’s existing payer, pharma, and device client-base. The combination of Inovalon and ABILITY creates a vertically integrated cloud-based platform empowering the achievement of real-time, value-based care from payers, manufacturers, and diagnostics all the way to the patient’s point of care.

A summary of the composition of the stated Purchase Price and fair value of the stated Purchase Price is as follows (in thousands):

Purchase Price	$	1,220,800
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Subtotal	1,220,170
Fair value adjustments:
Restricted stock marketability discount	(30,000		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

The composition of the fair value of the consideration transferred is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,107,220
Issuance of Class A common stock	70,000
Contingent consideration	13,580
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

The ABILITY Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under ASC No. 805, Business Combinations, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at their estimated fair values. The excess of the aggregate consideration over the estimated fair values has been allocated to goodwill.

In addition, ASC No. 805 requires that the consideration transferred be measured at the closing date of the ABILITY Acquisition at the then-current market prices. The preliminary value of consideration and the purchase price allocation is subject to adjustment until the Company has completed its analysis within the measurement period. The Company is in the process of reviewing its assumptions related to the fair value of the consideration including any working capital adjustments and estimates of tax related matters. The Purchase Price allocation is preliminary and the finalization of the Company’s Purchase Price allocation may result in changes in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company will finalize the Purchase Price allocation as soon as practicable in accordance with ASC No. 805, but not to exceed one year following the ABILITY Acquisition.

The preliminary estimates of fair value represent the Company’s best preliminary estimates and preliminary valuations. The following table summarizes the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

	Preliminary Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,850
Accounts receivable	16,739
Income tax receivable	551
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,025
Property and equipment	3,095
Goodwill	749,761
Intangible assets	513,000
Other assets	1,252
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(6,863		)
Deferred revenue	(7,000		)
Other current liabilities	(507		)
Other liabilities	(5,291		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(101,442		)
Total consideration transferred	$	1,190,170

The amounts attributed to identified intangible assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life	Preliminary Fair Value
Customer relationships	12-14 years	$	408,000
Technology	12-14 years	86,000
Trade names	16-18 years	19,000
Total intangible assets		$	513,000

Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $1.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Acquisition-related costs are recognized within “General and administrative” expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents revenue and income before taxes of ABILITY since the acquisition date, April 2, 2018, included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Total
Revenue	$	37,520
Income before taxes	$	5,798

The following pro forma financial information is based on Inovalon’s and Butler’s historical consolidated financial statements as adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the ABILITY Acquisition, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. The pro forma adjustments include, but are not limited to: (i) amortization of acquired intangible assets, (ii) net increase to interest expense resulting from the extinguishment of the 2014 Credit Facilities and historical Butler debt, borrowings under the 2018 Term Facility and the amortization of related debt issuance costs, and (iii) elimination of non-recurring acquisition and integration-related expenses. The following pro forma financial information is unaudited and gives effect to the transactions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	152,798		$	145,038		$	282,917		$	287,005
Income (Loss) before taxes	$	(16,543	)	$	(1,331	)	$	(43,619	)	$	(10,221	)

The unaudited pro forma revenue and income (loss) before taxes was prepared for informational purposes only based on estimates and assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred if the ABILITY Acquisition had been completed on the date indicated nor of the future financial position or results of operations following completion of the ABILITY Acquisition.

2017 Acquisition

ComplexCare Solutions Acquisition

On July 6, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of ComplexCare Solutions, Inc. and ComplexCare Solutions IPA, LLC (together, “CCS”). CCS is a company that provides technology-enabled interventions and member engagement coordination services for a number of payers and employers throughout the United States. The fair value included in the consolidated financial statements represents the Company’s best estimates and valuations in conformity with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The final purchase price was allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon valuation procedures performed. The Company acquired all of the capital stock of CCS for approximately $4.5 million in cash and the settlement of an existing payable to CCS of $2.3 million. The Company acquired approximately $9.8 million of assets, including approximately $1.5 million of cash and approximately $3.9 million of liabilities. The net assets acquired exceeded the consideration paid by approximately $1.4 million, and as such the Company recorded a bargain purchase gain in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (“Inovalon” or the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The year-end December 31, 2017 condensed consolidated balance sheet data included herein was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2018, the results of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosures, as of the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported during the period. Actual results could differ from estimates. The information contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified within the operating section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, and within the investing section of the statements of cash flows to conform with current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net cash provided by operating activities or net cash (used in) provided by investing activities as previously reported.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovalon Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s management considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and subsequent clarifying guidance (“ASU 2014-09”). The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Refer to “Note 2—Revenue.”

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update amends the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 and there was no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The update amends the current hedge accounting model and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. This guidance also requires, for qualifying hedges, the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The update also eases documentation and assessment requirements, modifies certain disclosure requirements, and modifies the method of accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the second quarter of 2018 concurrent with entering into four interest rate swaps. Refer to “Note 6—Fair Value Measurements.”

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The guidance is effective for all public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. This guidance allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or fiscal year before the effective date. The Company early adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018, and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act of $0.1 million from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, from those disclosed in the 2017 Form 10-K, that would be expected to impact the Company except for the following:

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REVENUE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by offering (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017(1)		2018		2017
Platform solutions(2)	$	138,209	$	96,072	$	217,175	$	187,504
Services(3)	14,589		14,506		28,378		31,380
Total revenue	$	152,798	$	110,578	$	245,553	$	218,884

______________________________________

(1) Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

(2) Platform solutions include arrangements for technology-based offerings representing subscription-based cloud-based platform offerings and legacy platform solutions that are not cloud-based and not billed under a subscription-based contract structure.

(3) Services include advisory, implementation, and support services under time and materials, fixed price, or retainer-based contracts.

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NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Basic
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(10,466	)	$	5,486		$	(27,300	)	$	9,128
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	—			(148		)	—			(215		)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06
Diluted
Numerator:
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(10,466	)	$	5,338		$	(27,300	)	$	8,913
Denominator:
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation	147,181			142,632			143,301			143,680
Effect of dilutive securities	—			440			—			443
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	147,181			143,072			143,301			144,123
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.04		$	(0.19	)	$	0.06

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share

The awards excluded because of their anti-dilutive effect are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Awards excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive	141	135	132	213

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of short-term investments

As of June 30, 2018, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674
Total available-for-sale securities	$	15,770	$	—	$	(96	)	$	15,674

As of December 31, 2017, short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate notes and bonds	$	232,048	$	3	$	(572	)	$	231,479
U.S. agency obligations	15,341		—		(99		)	15,242
U.S. treasury securities	20,735		—		(168		)	20,567
Total available-for-sale securities	$	268,124	$	3	$	(839	)	$	267,288

Summary of estimated fair value of short-term investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our short-term investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the securities as of the dates shown (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Due in one year or less	$	15,177	$	204,725
Due after one year through two years	497		62,563
Total	$	15,674	$	267,288

Schedule of fair values and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category

The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2018, aggregated by investment category (in thousands):

	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate notes and bonds	$	15,674	$	(96	)

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DEBT (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities

The following table discloses the outstanding debt at each balance date as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
2018 Term Facility(1)	$	949,838	$	—
2018 Revolving Facility	—		—
2014 Term Loan Facility	—		236,250
2014 Revolving Credit Facility	—		—
Total Credit Facilities	949,838		236,250
Less: current portion	9,800		45,000
Non-current Credit Facilities	$	940,038	$	191,250

______________________________________

(1) The 2018 Term Facility is presented net of unamortized deferred financing fees

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	24,934	$	—		$	—		$	24,934
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		15,674			—			15,674
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	—		3,462			—			3,462
Other current liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	—		(2,823		)	—			(2,823		)
Contingent consideration	—		—			(16,100		)	(16,100		)
Other liabilities
Contingent consideration	—		—			(17,212		)	(17,212		)
Total	$	24,934	$	16,313		$	(33,312	)	$	7,935

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3			Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	162,347	$	—	$	—		$	162,347
Short-term investments:
Corporate notes and bonds	—		231,479		—			231,479
U.S. agency obligations	—		15,242		—			15,242
U.S. treasury securities	—		20,567		—			20,567
Other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		(7,400		)	(7,400		)
Total	$	162,347	$	267,288	$	(7,400	)	$	422,235

Schedule of financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3)

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	(7,400	)	$	(12,600	)
Fair value adjustment (recognized in general and administrative expenses)	(8,700		)	5,200
Contingent consideration attributable to and assumed from ABILITY Acquisition	(17,212		)	—
Total	$	(33,312	)	$	(7,400	)

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt (including the current portion thereof) as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018
Carrying amount	$	949,838
Fair value	$	918,968

Description of Location of Interest Rate Derivatives on Balance Sheet

The following table presents the fair value of interest rate swaps on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Asset Derivative			Liability Derivative
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swap contract	Other assets	$	3,462	Other current liabilities	$	(2,823	)

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the location and amount of gains and losses on interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and the statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018  (in thousands):

	Gain (Loss) recognized in OCI			Statement of Operations Location	(Gain) Loss reclassified from OCI
Interest rate swap contract	$	(199	)	Interest expense	$	838

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RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table presents restructuring liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	—
Accruals for severance	1,764
Accruals for lease termination	1,405
Severance payments	(273		)
Lease termination accretion	(8		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	2,888

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition

The composition of the fair value of the consideration transferred is as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	1,107,220
Issuance of Class A common stock	70,000
Contingent consideration	13,580
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

A summary of the composition of the stated Purchase Price and fair value of the stated Purchase Price is as follows (in thousands):

Purchase Price	$	1,220,800
Working capital adjustment	(630		)
Subtotal	1,220,170
Fair value adjustments:
Restricted stock marketability discount	(30,000		)
Total fair value purchase price	$	1,190,170

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

	Preliminary Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,850
Accounts receivable	16,739
Income tax receivable	551
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,025
Property and equipment	3,095
Goodwill	749,761
Intangible assets	513,000
Other assets	1,252
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(6,863		)
Deferred revenue	(7,000		)
Other current liabilities	(507		)
Other liabilities	(5,291		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(101,442		)
Total consideration transferred	$	1,190,170

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination

The amounts attributed to identified intangible assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life	Preliminary Fair Value
Customer relationships	12-14 years	$	408,000
Technology	12-14 years	86,000
Trade names	16-18 years	19,000
Total intangible assets		$	513,000

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information

The following pro forma financial information is unaudited and gives effect to the transactions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	152,798		$	145,038		$	282,917		$	287,005
Income (Loss) before taxes	$	(16,543	)	$	(1,331	)	$	(43,619	)	$	(10,221	)

The following table presents revenue and income before taxes of ABILITY since the acquisition date, April 2, 2018, included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Total
Revenue	$	37,520
Income before taxes	$	5,798

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Reclassification of income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017	$ 0	$ 0	$ 102	$ 0

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REVENUE - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Retained earnings	$ 282,335,000		$ 282,335,000			$ 308,905,000
Revenue	152,798,000	$ 110,578,000	245,553,000	$ 218,884,000
Unbilled receivables	8,100,000		8,100,000			14,100,000
Increase (decrease) in unbilled receivables			2,100,000
Deferred sales commission	2,100,000		2,100,000			0
Increase (decrease) in deferred commissions			1,300,000
Deferred Revenue	18,200,000		18,200,000			$ 7,000,000
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue			4,241,000	$ 10,000
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized	4,400,000		6,200,000
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Retained earnings					$ 600,000
Revenue	200,000		400,000
Sales commissions	$ 100,000		200,000
ABILITY Network
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue			$ 7,600,000

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REVENUE - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 152,798	$ 110,578	$ 245,553	$ 218,884
Platform Solutions
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Total revenue	138,209	96,072	217,175	187,504
Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 14,589	$ 14,506	$ 28,378	$ 31,380

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NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - Tabular Disclosure (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Basic
Net (loss) income	$ (10,466)	$ 5,486	$ (27,300)	$ 9,128
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	0	(148)	0	(215)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—basic	$ (10,466)	$ 5,338	$ (27,300)	$ 8,913
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in shares)	147,181	142,632	143,301	143,680
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ 0.04	$ (0.19)	$ 0.06
Diluted
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$ (10,466)	$ 5,338	$ (27,300)	$ 8,913
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	0	440	0	443
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in shares)	147,181	143,072	143,301	144,123
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ 0.04	$ (0.19)	$ 0.06

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NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - Anti-dilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Equity awards
NET INCOME PER SHARE
Awards excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (in shares)	141	135	132	213

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS - Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost	$ 15,770	$ 268,124
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	3
Gross Unrealized Losses	(96)	(839)
Estimated Fair Value	15,674	267,288
Corporate notes and bonds
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost	15,770	232,048
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	3
Gross Unrealized Losses	(96)	(572)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 15,674	231,479
U.S. agency obligations
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		15,341
Gross Unrealized Gains		0
Gross Unrealized Losses		(99)
Estimated Fair Value		15,242
U.S. treasury securities
Available-for-sale securities:
Amortized Cost		20,735
Gross Unrealized Gains		0
Gross Unrealized Losses		(168)
Estimated Fair Value		$ 20,567

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS - Estimated Fair Value by Contractual Maturity Date (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Due in one year or less	$ 15,177	$ 204,725
Due after one year through two years	497	62,563
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Securities, Current	15,674
Total	$ 15,674	$ 267,288

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS - Other-than-temporary Impairments (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Other-than-temporary impairments	$ 0

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SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS - Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Losses of Available-for-sale Securities in a Gross Loss Position (Details) - Corporate notes and bonds $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Losses of Available-for-sale Securities in a Gross Loss Position
Estimated Fair Value	$ 15,674
Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (96)

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DEBT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Apr. 02, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Sep. 19, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of debt	$ 980,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt		$ 129		$ 0	$ 129	$ 0
Line of Credit | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			3.50%
Line of Credit | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Applicable Rate if Leverage Ratio is Equal to or Falls Below 4.00 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			3.25%
Line of Credit | Adjusted LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			1.00%
Line of Credit | Federal Funds Effective Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.50%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount							$ 400,000
Goldman Sachs Bank USA | Unsecured Debt | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount							300,000
Goldman Sachs Bank USA | Unsecured Debt | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount							$ 100,000
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs, net	1,900
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs		100			100
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs, net	16,400
Amortization of Debt Discount (Premium)		400			400
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs		$ 500			$ 500
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount	14,700
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	980,000
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Secured Debt | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 100,000

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DEBT - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	$ 949,838,000	$ 236,250,000
Credit facilities	9,800,000	45,000,000
Credit facilities, less current portion	940,038,000	191,250,000
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	0	0
Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. | Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unamortized Loan Commitment and Origination Fees and Unamortized Discounts or Premiums	30,200,000
Long-term Line of Credit	949,838,000	0
Goldman Sachs Bank USA | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	0	0
Goldman Sachs Bank USA | Unsecured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	$ 0	$ 236,250,000

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Fair Value Hierarchy (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	$ 15,674	$ 267,288
Corporate notes and bonds
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	15,674	231,479
U.S. agency obligations
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		15,242
U.S. treasury securities
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		20,567
Recurring
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Total	7,935	422,235
Recurring | Contingent consideration
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		(7,400)
Recurring | Contingent consideration | Creehan Holding Co Inc
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	(16,100)
Recurring | Contingent consideration | ABILITY Network
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	(17,212)
Recurring | Corporate notes and bonds
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	15,674	231,479
Recurring | U.S. agency obligations
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		15,242
Recurring | U.S. treasury securities
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		20,567
Recurring | Interest Rate Swap
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	3,462
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	(2,823)
Recurring | Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Cash equivalents	24,934	162,347
Recurring | Level 1
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Total	24,934	162,347
Recurring | Level 1 | Contingent consideration
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		0
Recurring | Level 1 | Contingent consideration | Creehan Holding Co Inc
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Contingent consideration | ABILITY Network
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Corporate notes and bonds
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. agency obligations
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. treasury securities
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		0
Recurring | Level 1 | Interest Rate Swap
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	0
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Cash equivalents	24,934	162,347
Recurring | Level 2
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Total	16,313	267,288
Recurring | Level 2 | Contingent consideration
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		0
Recurring | Level 2 | Contingent consideration | Creehan Holding Co Inc
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Recurring | Level 2 | Contingent consideration | ABILITY Network
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Recurring | Level 2 | Corporate notes and bonds
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	15,674	231,479
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. agency obligations
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		15,242
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. treasury securities
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		20,567
Recurring | Level 2 | Interest Rate Swap
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	3,462
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	(2,823)
Recurring | Level 2 | Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Cash equivalents	0	0
Recurring | Level 3
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Total	(33,312)	(7,400)
Recurring | Level 3 | Contingent consideration
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		(7,400)
Recurring | Level 3 | Contingent consideration | Creehan Holding Co Inc
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	(16,100)
Recurring | Level 3 | Contingent consideration | ABILITY Network
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	(17,212)
Recurring | Level 3 | Corporate notes and bonds
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. agency obligations
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		0
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. treasury securities
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments		0
Recurring | Level 3 | Interest Rate Swap
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	0
Liabilities / Other Current Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Contingent consideration liability	$ (8,700)	$ 0
Level 3
Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Balance, beginning of period	(7,400)	$ (12,600)	$ (12,600)
Fair value adjustment (recognized in general and administrative expenses)	(8,700)		5,200
Total	(33,312)		(7,400)
Contingent Consideration Attributable to Acquisition | Level 3
Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Contingent consideration liability	$ 17,212		$ 0

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Additional Fair Value Elements [Abstract]
Carrying amount	$ 949,838
Fair value	$ 918,968

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Interest Rate Swaps Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Estimate of time to transfer	12 months
Interest rate cash flow hedge gain (loss) to be reclassified during next 12 months, net	$ 2,900,000
Interest Rate Swap
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Amount of hedged item	$ 700,000,000
Derivative, fixed interest rate	2.80%

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps (Details) - Interest Rate Swap $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Derivative Asset [Abstract]
Fair Value	$ 3,462
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Fair Value	(2,823)
Gain (Loss) recognized in OCI	(199)
(Gain) Loss reclassified from OCI	$ 838

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RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring expense	$ 9,464	$ 0	$ 9,464	$ 0
Capitalized computer software, impairments	6,400
Lease termination costs and accelerated depreciation related to leasehold improvements	1,300		1,300
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance as of December 31, 2017			0
Accruals for severance	1,800		1,764
Accruals for lease termination			1,405
Severance payments			(273)
Lease termination accretion			(8)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$ 2,888		$ 2,888

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Additional Information (Details) facility in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) facility	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
ABILITY Network
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred			$ 1,190,170
Number of provider facilities | facility			44
Acquisition related costs		$ 1,200	$ 4,500
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			1,107,220
Cash acquired		$ 23,850	$ 23,850
ComplexCare Solutions, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 4,500
Liabilities incurred	2,300
Assets acquired	9,800
Cash acquired	1,500
Liabilities assumed	$ 3,900
Bargain purchase, gain recognized, amount				$ 1,400

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Stated Purchase Price and Fair Value of the Purchase Price (Details) - ABILITY Network $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase Price	$ 1,220,800
Working capital adjustment	(630)
Subtotal	1,220,170
Restricted stock marketability discount	(30,000)
Total fair value purchase price	$ 1,190,170

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Fair Value of Consideration Transferred (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	$ (8,700)	$ 0
ABILITY Network
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	1,107,220
Issuance of Class A common stock	70,000
Contingent consideration	13,580
Working capital adjustment	(630)
Total fair value purchase price	$ 1,190,170

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 934,693	$ 184,932
ABILITY Network
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash acquired	23,850
Accounts receivable	16,739
Income tax receivable	551
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,025
Property and equipment	3,095
Goodwill	749,761
Intangible assets	513,000
Other assets	1,252
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(6,863)
Deferred revenue	(7,000)
Other current liabilities	(507)
Other liabilities	(5,291)
Deferred tax liabilities	(101,442)
Total consideration transferred	$ 1,190,170

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Identified Intangible Assets (Details) - ABILITY Network $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Preliminary Fair Value	$ 513,000
Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Preliminary Fair Value	408,000
Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Preliminary Fair Value	86,000
Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Preliminary Fair Value	$ 19,000
Minimum | Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	12 years
Minimum | Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	12 years
Minimum | Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	16 years
Maximum | Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	14 years
Maximum | Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	14 years
Maximum | Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	18 years

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Results of Acquiree (Details) - ABILITY Network $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 37,520
Income before taxes	$ 5,798

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Proforma Impact (Details) - ABILITY Network - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 152,798	$ 145,038	$ 282,917	$ 287,005
Income (Loss) before taxes	$ (16,543)	$ (1,331)	$ (43,619)	$ (10,221)