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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 20-F
☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2020
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☐SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-36906

INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

England and Wales
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor
London W1H 5BT
United Kingdom
(Address of principal executive offices)

Christopher Spears
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Telephone: (401) 392-1000 Fax: (401) 392-4812
E-mail: Christopher.Spears@IGT.com
IGT Center, 10 Memorial Boulevard, Providence, RI 02903
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 
Title of each class Trading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, nominal value $0.10 IGTNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
204,856,564 ordinary shares, nominal value $0.10 per share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 
x Yes   o No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934. 
o Yes   x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x Yes   o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
x Yes   o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerx
Accelerated filer
o
Non-accelerated fileroEmerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAPx International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board
 o
 
Other
o
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
o Item 17   or o Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes   x No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
o Yes   o No


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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND CERTAIN OTHER INFORMATION

International Game Technology PLC (the “Parent”), together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is a global leader in gaming. In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise indicates, all references to “IGT PLC” and the “Company” refer to the business and operations of the Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries.
This annual report on Form 20-F includes the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
The financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. All references to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. dollar,” “U.S. $,” “USD,” and “$” refer to the currency of the United States of America. All references to “euro,” “EUR,” and “€” refer to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as amended.
The language of this annual report on Form 20-F is English. Certain legislative references and technical terms have been cited in their original language so that the correct technical meaning may be ascribed to them under applicable law. 

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Glossary of Certain Terms and Abbreviations

The glossary is used to define common terms and abbreviations that appear throughout the annual report on Form 20-F. Other, less common, terms and phrases are defined in the sections in which they appear, as they may either be Company or industry-specific. Additionally, definitions in “Item 18. Financial Statements” stand alone and are independently defined in that section.
Abbreviation/Term Definition
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
B2B business-to-business
B2C business-to-consumer
BEATbase-erosion and anti-abuse tax
Brexitthe vote by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union and the terms of such departure
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CFO Chief Financial Officer
Companythe Parent together with its consolidated subsidiaries
De AgostiniDe Agostini S.p.A.
EBITDA earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
E.U.European Union
GAAP United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GDPRE.U. General Data Protection Regulation
GILTIglobal intangible low-taxed income
iGaming digital (interactive) gaming
IGT PLC the Parent together with its consolidated subsidiaries
LottomaticaLottomatica Holding S.r.l.
Loyalty Planthe terms and conditions related to the Special Voting Shares
Loyalty Registerthe register of ordinary shares for which holders thereof have validly elected to exercise the related Special Voting Shares
NYSE New York Stock Exchange
ParentInternational Game Technology PLC
R&D research and development
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
Special Voting Sharesthe special voting shares in the Parent, worth U.S.$0.000001 each and carrying 0.9995 votes
Tax Act the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
U.K. United Kingdom
U.S. United States of America
Wire ActU.S. Interstate Wire Act of 1961
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 20-F includes forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the Company and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions, and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, dividends, results of operations, or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the management of the Company as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, such management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “shall,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” or the negative or other variations of them. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements and from past results, performance, or achievements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to):
•the possibility that the Parent will be unable to pay dividends to shareholders or that the amount of such dividends may be less than anticipated;
•the length, duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any resurgence of the pandemic, and the response of governments, including government-mandated property closures and travel restrictions;
•the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations or the operations of our customers and suppliers;
•the possibility that the Company may not achieve its anticipated financial results in one or more future periods;
•reductions in customer spending;
•a slowdown in customer payments and changes in customer demand for products and services as a result of changing economic conditions or otherwise;
•unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in the industries in which the Company operates;
•the Company’s ability to hire and retain key personnel;
•the Company’s ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers in the manner anticipated;
•reliance on and integration of information technology systems;
•changes in legislation, governmental regulations, or the enforcement thereof that could affect the Company;
•enforcement of an interpretation of the Wire Act in such a manner as to prohibit or limit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged;
•the uncertainty of impacts from Brexit, including legal, regulatory and trade implications;
•the expected financial impact and timing of the divestiture of the Company’s Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, whether and when the required regulatory approvals for the divestiture will be obtained, the possibility that closing conditions for the divestiture may not be satisfied or waived, and whether the strategic benefits of the divestiture can be achieved;
•international, national, or local economic, social, or political conditions that could adversely affect the Company or its customers;
•conditions in the credit markets;
•risks associated with assumptions the Company makes in connection with its critical accounting estimates;
•the resolution of pending and potential future legal, regulatory, or tax proceedings and investigations; and
•the Company’s international operations, which are subject to the risks of currency fluctuations and foreign exchange controls.

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those described in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” and other documents filed by the Parent from time to time with the SEC. Except as required under applicable law, the Company does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Nothing in this annual report is intended, or is to be construed, as a profit forecast or to be interpreted to mean that earnings per share of the Parent for the current or any future financial years will necessarily match or exceed the historical published earnings per share of the Parent, as applicable. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
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PART I
 
Item 1.     Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors 
Not applicable.
 
Item 2.     Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
 
Item 3.     Key Information
A.    Selected Financial Data 

Not applicable.

Selected Financial Data has been eliminated as a result of new SEC rules issued on November 19, 2020 which are effective February 10, 2021. Registrants are required to comply with the amended rules for their first fiscal year ending on or after April 9, 2021; however, registrants may provide disclosure consistent with the final amendments any time after the effective date. IGT has elected to apply the amended rules within this Form 20-F.
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C.     Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D.     Risk Factors
The following risks should be considered in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”, the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in this annual report, and the other risks described in the Safe Harbor Statement set forth in Item 5.F. These risks may affect the Company's operating results and, individually or in the aggregate, could cause its actual results to differ materially from past and anticipated future results. The following discussion of risks may contain forward-looking statements which are intended to be covered by the Safe Harbor Statement. Except as may be required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The Company invites you to consult any further related disclosures made by the Parent from time to time in materials filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Risks related to the Company's Business and Industry

The Company has a concentrated customer base in certain business segments, and the loss of any of its larger customers (or lower sales from any of these customers) could lead to significantly lower revenue

A substantial portion of the Company’s revenues is derived from exclusive licenses awarded to the Company by Agenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli ("ADM"), the governmental authority responsible for regulating and supervising gaming in Italy. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 11% of total consolidated revenues was earned for service provided for the operation of the Italian Gioco del Lotto game (the "Lotto License") and approximately 8% for service provided for the operation of Scratch & Win instant ticket game.

The Company expects that a significant portion of its revenues and profits will continue to depend upon the licenses awarded to the Company by ADM. Licenses may be terminated prior to their expiration dates upon the occurrence of certain events of default affecting the Company, or if such licenses are deemed to be against the public interest, or terminated or annulled if successfully challenged by competitors. The law providing the extension of the license for instant tickets in Italy has been challenged from two operators (Sisal and Stanleybet) and the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") has been asked to express an opinion on the compatibility of that law within the E.U. law principles. In addition, the conditions for any new license will be established by law and included in the rules of the new license. Any material reduction in the Company’s revenues from these licenses, including as a result of an annulment, early termination, or non-renewal of these licenses following their expiration, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
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In addition, recurring revenues from the Company’s top 10 customers outside of Italy accounted for approximately 25% of its total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020. If the Company were to lose any of these larger customers, or if these larger customers experience lower sales and consequently reduced revenues, which are primarily service revenues, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company’s operations are dependent upon its continued ability to retain and extend its existing contracts and win new contracts

The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from its portfolio of long-term contracts in the Global Lottery segment (equal to approximately 56% of its total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020), awarded through competitive procurement processes. In addition, the Company’s U.S. lottery contracts typically permit a lottery authority to terminate the contract at any time for material, uncured breaches and for other specified reasons out of the Company's control, such as the failure by a state legislature to approve the required budget appropriations, and many of these contracts in the U.S. permit the lottery authority to terminate the contract at will with limited notice and do not specify the compensation to which the Company would be entitled were such termination to occur.

In the event that the Company is unable or unwilling to perform certain lottery contracts, such contracts permit the lottery authority a right to use the Company's system-related equipment and software necessary for the performance of the contract until the expiration or earlier termination of the contract.

The termination of or failure to renew or extend one or more of the Company’s lottery contracts, or the renewal or extension of one or more of the Company’s lottery contracts on materially altered terms, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) has had and will likely continue to have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operations, financial condition and operating results

In January 2020, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified and has spread around the world, including in the Company’s core markets of the United States and Italy. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The global spread of COVID-19 has been, and continues to be, complex and rapidly evolving, with governments, public institutions and other organizations imposing or recommending, and businesses and individuals implementing, restrictions on various activities or other actions to combat its spread, such as restrictions and bans on travel or transportation, stay-at-home directives, limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events, including sporting events, concerts, conferences and meetings, and quarantines and lock-downs. The pandemic and its consequences, including the closure of almost all casinos and gaming halls globally in the second quarter of 2020, dramatically reduced demand for gaming products and services, which has had a negative impact on all aspects of the Company’s business. While many casinos and gaming halls have since reopened, some remain closed, and there can be no assurance that the Company will not be further affected by future shutdowns. The extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s future financial and operational performance remains uncertain, and will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread, and any recurrence of the pandemic, and related actions taken by U.S. and international governments, state and local officials to prevent and contain disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Furthermore, the Company’s suppliers may experience adverse effects of the pandemic, including but not limited to bankruptcy or insolvency, which could impact the Company’s supply chain and its ability to operate at the same level as prior to the COVID-19 crisis.

The current, and uncertain future, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is expected to continue to impact the Company’s results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, growth, reputation, cash flows, and liquidity.

Adverse changes in discretionary consumer spending and behavior, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other similar health epidemics, may adversely affect the Company's business

Socio-political and economic factors that impact consumer confidence may result in decreased discretionary spending by consumers and have a negative effect on the Company's business. Unfavorable changes in social, political and economic conditions and economic uncertainties, as well as decreased discretionary spending by consumers, may adversely impact customers, suppliers and business partners in a variety of ways.

The revenue generated by the Company's business relies on players’ discretionary income and their level of gaming activity. Economic factors resulting in a reduction of such discretionary income could result in fewer lottery ticket sales and fewer patrons visiting casinos or engaging in online or digital gaming. A decline in discretionary income over an extended period could cause some of the Company’s customers to close casinos or other gaming operations, which would adversely affect the
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Company's business. A decline in casino visits may also have an adverse impact on the businesses of casino customers and their ability to purchase or lease products and services.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and public perception thereof, has contributed to consumer unease and decreased discretionary spending and consumer travel, which have had, and will continue to have, a negative effect on the Company. Other future health epidemics or contagious disease outbreaks could do the same. The Company cannot predict the ultimate effects that the outbreak of COVID-19, any resulting unfavorable social, political, and economic conditions and decrease in discretionary spending or travel would have on the Company, as they would be expected to impact the Company’s customers, suppliers, and business partners in varied ways in different communities. In the Company’s lottery, machine gaming, and digital businesses, revenue is largely driven by players’ disposable incomes and level of gaming activity and lottery purchases. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to economic and financial uncertainty for many consumers and has reduced, and may continue to reduce, the disposable incomes of players across all of the Company’s business units. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the perception of risk of infection may affect consumer behavior as people may feel uncomfortable traveling or being in crowded environments such as casinos and gaming halls while the virus remains a threat. This may result in fewer patrons visiting casinos and gaming halls and fewer players purchasing lottery and sports betting products, and lower amounts spent per casino visit or lottery purchase, or reduced spend on sports betting and other online gambling activities, which may negatively impact the results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition of the Company’s casino customers, their ability to purchase or lease the Company’s products and services and therefore the Company’s machine gaming business revenue, revenues to lotteries and, therefore, the Company’s lottery business revenue, and revenues to the Company’s online casino and sports book partners and, therefore, the Company’s sports betting and digital business revenue.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the resulting unfavorable economic conditions have also impacted and could continue to impact, the ability of the Company’s customers to make timely payments. These unfavorable conditions have caused, and could continue to or may cause, some of the Company’s customers to close casinos, gaming halls and/or lottery operations, decrease spending on marketing of or purchases of products or declare bankruptcy, which would adversely affect the Company’s business. The recent outbreak also resulted in significant volatility in both the credit and equity markets, negatively impacting general economic conditions. The difficulty or inability of the Company’s customers to generate or obtain adequate levels of capital to finance their ongoing operations may reduce their ability to purchase the Company’s products and services. In the Company’s lottery business, difficult economic conditions may contribute to reductions in spending on marketing by customers and, in certain instances, less favorable terms under contracts, as many of the Company’s customers face budget shortfalls and seek to cut costs. In the Company’s sports betting business, the suspension or cancellation of the majority of sporting events has and could continue to negatively impact the financial condition of the Company’s sports book customers, their ability to purchase development and other services, their risk of payment default, or their spending levels as they seek to reduce costs, each of which could negatively impact the Company’s sports betting business revenue.

Slow growth or declines in the replacement of gaming machines, slow growth of new gaming jurisdictions or slow addition of casinos and gaming halls in existing jurisdictions, including as a result of COVID-19, may have an adverse impact on the Company

Demand for the Company’s machine gaming products and services is driven by the replacement of existing gaming machines in existing casinos and gaming halls, the establishment of new jurisdictions, the opening of additional casinos and gaming halls in existing jurisdictions, and the expansion of existing casinos and gaming halls. Slow growth or declines in the replacement cycle of gaming machines resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced and may continue to reduce the demand for the Company’s products and negatively impact the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. In 2020, the Company’s machine gaming revenue was adversely affected by casino closures and fewer casino openings and expansions.

The opening of new casinos and gaming halls, expansion of existing casinos and gaming halls, and replacement of existing gaming machines in existing casinos and gaming halls fluctuate with demand, economic conditions, regulatory approvals, and the availability of financing and have been negatively affected by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the expansion of gaming into new jurisdictions can be a protracted process. Any of these factors could delay, restrict, or prohibit the expansion of the Company’s business and negatively impact the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

The Company is subject to substantial penalties for failure to perform

The Company’s Italian licenses, lottery contracts in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions, and other service contracts often require performance bonds or letters of credit to secure its performance under such contracts and require the Company to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event of non-performance by the Company.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding performance bonds and letters of credit in an aggregate amount of approximately $1.7 billion. These instruments present a potential for expense for the Company and divert financial resources from other uses. Claims on performance bonds, drawings on letters of credit, and payment of liquidated damages could
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individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Slow growth or declines in the lottery and gaming markets could lead to lower revenues for the Company

The Company’s future success will depend, in part, on the success of the lottery industry and the gaming industry in attracting and retaining new players in the face of such increased competition in the entertainment and gaming markets, as well as the Company's own success in developing innovative services, products and distribution methods/systems to achieve this goal. In addition, there is a risk that new products and services may replace existing products and services and the Company's customers might acquire or develop competencies that reduce their dependencies on the Company's product and services. The replacement of old products and services with new products and services may offset the overall growth of sales of the Company. A failure by the Company to achieve these goals could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Brexit has created uncertainty that could impact the Company's operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

The U.K. exited the E.U. on January 31, 2020, which commenced a transition period through December 31, 2020, during which the U.K. continued to apply E.U. laws and regulations and the trading relationship between the U.K. and the E.U. remained the same. In December 2020, the U.K. and E.U. announced they had entered into a post-Brexit deal on certain aspects of trade and other strategic and political issues. Because the Company maintains significant operations in the E.U., the terms of the December 2020 post-Brexit deal could subject the Company to increased risk. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the December 2020 post-Brexit deal on its business, future operations, operating results and cash flows. The Company continues to monitor Brexit and its potential impacts on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company’s success depends in large part on its ability to develop and manage frequent introductions of innovative products and the ability to respond to technological changes

The Company must continually introduce and successfully market new games and technologies to remain competitive and effectively stimulate customer demand. The process of developing new products is inherently complex and uncertain. It requires accurate anticipation of changing customer needs and end-user preferences as well as emerging technological trends. If the Company's competitors develop new game content and technologically innovative products and the Company fails to keep pace, its business could be adversely affected. In addition, if the Company fails to accurately anticipate customer needs and end-user preferences through the development of new products and technologies, the Company could lose business to its competitors, which would adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects. The Company intends to continue investing resources in research and development. There is no assurance that its investments in research and development will guarantee successful products. The Company invests heavily in product development in various disciplines: platform hardware, platform software, digital services, content (game) design and casino software systems. Because the Company’s newer products are generally more technologically sophisticated than those it has produced in the past, the Company must continually refine its design, development, and delivery capabilities across all channels to ensure product innovation. If the Company cannot efficiently adapt its processes and infrastructure to meet the needs of its product innovations, its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects could be negatively impacted.

If the Company is unable to protect its intellectual property or prevent its unauthorized use by third parties, its ability to compete in the market may be harmed

The Company protects its intellectual property to ensure that its competitors do not use such intellectual property. However, intellectual property laws in the U.S., Italy, and in other jurisdictions may afford differing and limited protection, may not permit the Company to gain or maintain a competitive advantage, and may not prevent its competitors from duplicating its products, designing around its patented products, or gaining access to its proprietary information and technology.

The Company may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of its technical knowledge or trade secrets. For example, there can be no assurance that consultants, vendors, partners, former employees, or current employees will not breach their obligations regarding non-disclosure and restrictions on use. In addition, anyone could seek to challenge, invalidate, circumvent, or render unenforceable any of the Company's patents. The Company cannot provide assurance that any pending or future patent applications it holds will result in an issued patent, or that, if patents are issued, they would necessarily provide meaningful protection against competitors and competitive technologies or adequately protect the Company’s then-current technologies. The Company may not be able to detect the unauthorized use of its intellectual property, prevent breaches of its cybersecurity efforts, or take appropriate steps to enforce its intellectual property rights effectively. In addition, certain contractual provisions, including restrictions on use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of software, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions.
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The Company’s success may depend in part on its ability to obtain trademark protection for the names or symbols under which it markets its products and to obtain copyright protection and patent protection of its technologies and game innovations. The Company may not be able to build and maintain goodwill in its trademarks or obtain trademark or patent protection, and there can be no assurance that any trademark, copyright, or issued patent will provide competitive advantages for the Company or that the Company’s intellectual property will not be successfully challenged or circumvented by competitors.

The Company intends to enforce its intellectual property rights, and from time to time may initiate claims against third parties that it believes are infringing its intellectual property rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce the Company’s intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management, could fail to obtain the results sought, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

If the Company is unable to license intellectual property from third parties, its ability to compete in the market may be harmed

The Company licenses intellectual property rights from third parties. If such third parties do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property rights underlying such licenses, or if such licenses are terminated or expire without being renewed, the Company could lose the right to use the licensed intellectual property, which could adversely affect its competitive position or its ability to commercialize certain of its technologies, products, or services.

In addition, some of the Company’s most popular games and features are based on trademarks, patents and other intellectual property licensed from third parties. The Company’s future success may depend upon its ability to obtain, retain and/or expand licenses for popular intellectual property rights with reasonable terms in a competitive market. If the Company cannot renew and/or expand existing licenses, it may be required to discontinue or limit its use of the games or gaming machines that use the licensed technology or bear the licensed marks, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Third party intellectual property infringement claims against the Company could limit its ability to compete effectively

The Company cannot provide assurance that its products do not infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Infringement and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against the Company, whether successful or not, are costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, and could harm the Company's reputation. In addition, intellectual property claims and proceedings could require the Company to do one or more of the following: (1) cease selling or using any of its products that allegedly incorporate the infringed intellectual property, (2) pay substantial damages, (3) obtain a license from the third-party owner, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, (4) rebrand or rename its products, and (5) redesign its products to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may not be possible and, if possible, could be costly, time-consuming, or result in a less effective product. A successful claim against the Company could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company’s business may be adversely affected by lower cost of entry into the gaming industry

As a result of developments in digital and internet gaming, the cost of entry to the gaming market has decreased significantly. This results in a highly competitive environment. Digital and internet gaming have emerged as substantial methods of competition from existing competitors and, increasingly, new competitors as a result of the lower cost of entry. The increased competition may result in increased pricing pressures on a number of the Company’s products and services, and may impact the Company’s results and financial position.

Divestitures, including the sale of the Company’s Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, may materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. Divestitures involve risks, including difficulties in the separation of operations, services, products and personnel, the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, the disruption of business, the potential loss of key employees and the retention of uncertain contingent liabilities related to the divested business. The Company may not be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that it encounters in divesting the Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, or any other divestiture the Company may undertake in the future, and any such divestiture could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and may also result in a diversion of management attention, operational difficulties and losses. Further, there can be no assurance whether and when the required regulatory approvals for the divestiture of the Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses will be
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obtained, whether and when the closing conditions will be satisfied or waived, and whether the strategic benefits and expected financial impact of the divestiture will be achieved.

The Company’s inability to successfully complete and integrate future acquisitions could limit its future growth or otherwise be disruptive to its ongoing business

From time to time, the Company expects it will pursue acquisitions in support of its strategic goals. There can be no assurance that acquisition opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all or that the Company will be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to complete potential acquisitions. The Company’s ability to succeed in implementing its strategy will depend to some degree upon the ability of its management to identify, complete and successfully integrate commercially viable acquisitions. Acquisition transactions may disrupt the Company’s ongoing business and distract management from other responsibilities. Further, the Company may incur unexpected costs, or fail to realize expected benefits from such acquisitions. In connection with any such acquisitions, the Company could face significant challenges in managing and integrating its expanded or combined operations, including acquired assets, operations, and personnel.

The Company faces reputational risks related to the use of social media

The Company frequently uses social media platforms as marketing tools. These platforms provide the Company, as well as individuals, with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Negative commentary regarding the Company or the products it sells may be posted on social media platforms and similar devices at any time and may be adverse to the Company’s reputation or business. Further, as laws and regulations rapidly evolve to govern the use of social media, the failure by the Company, its employees or third parties acting at the Company's direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices could adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations or subject it to fines or other penalties.

Legal and Compliance Risks

Changing enforcement of the Wire Act may negatively impact the Company's operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

On January 14, 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) published an opinion (the "2019 Opinion") reversing its previously-issued opinion (the "2011 Opinion") that the Wire Act, which prohibits several types of wager-related communications over a “wire communications facility,” was applicable only to sports betting. The 2019 Opinion interprets the Wire Act as applying to other forms of gambling that cross state lines, though the precise scope of the 2019 Opinion is unclear, and the DOJ has not yet addressed how it plans to enforce the Wire Act in light of the 2019 Opinion. Further, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission and certain private parties have commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In response to this and other lawsuits, the DOJ issued a memorandum in April 2019 acknowledging that the 2019 Opinion did not consider whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and their vendors, and the DOJ is now considering this issue. In connection with such acknowledgment, the DOJ also extended the non-prosecution period for State lotteries and their vendors indefinitely while they consider the question. If the DOJ concludes that the Wire Act does apply to State lotteries and/or their vendors, they would extend the non-prosecution period for an additional period of 90 days after the DOJ publicly announces such position.

On June 3, 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and opined that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities (the “NH Decision”). The NH Decision also set aside the 2019 Opinion leaving the 2011 Opinion as the DOJ's only stated opinion on the subject. In response to the NH Decision, the DOJ extended the forbearance period to December 31, 2019; such forbearance period was further extended through December 1, 2020. The Lottery Forbearance remains unchanged. On August 16, 2019, the DOJ filed a Notice of Appeal with respect to the NH Decision. On January 20, 2021, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirmed in part the NH Decision (the “First Circuit Decision”). The First Circuit Decision also vacated the portion of the NH Decision that set aside the 2019 Opinion. It is unclear whether the DOJ will appeal the First Circuit Decision to the Supreme Court of the United States, when the DOJ will conclude its consideration of whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and their vendors, or whether other courts would come to the same conclusions set forth in the NH Decision and the First Circuit Decision. The Company’s management is evaluating the First Circuit Decision, the 2019 Opinion, the possibilities of further DOJ appeal and their implications to the Company, its customers, and the industries in which the Company operates. If the Wire Act is broadly interpreted and enforced to prohibit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures and/or the Company may be required to substantially change the way it conducts its business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

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The Company faces risks related to the extensive and complex governmental regulation applicable to its operations

The Company’s activities are subject to extensive and complex governmental regulation, including restrictions on advertising, increases in or differing interpretations by authorities on taxation, limitations on the use of cash, and anti-money laundering compliance procedures. These regulatory requirements are constantly evolving and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In particular, the Italian government has recently banned gaming advertising and significantly raised gaming taxes. Any changes in the legal or regulatory framework or other changes, such as increases in the taxation of sports betting or gaming, changes in the compensation paid to licensees, or increases in the number of licenses, authorizations, or licenses awarded to the Company's competitors, could materially affect its profitability.

In addition, in the U.S. and in many international jurisdictions where the Company currently operates or seeks to do business, lotteries, sports betting, and gaming are not permitted unless expressly authorized by law. The successful implementation of the Company’s growth strategy and its business could be materially adversely affected if jurisdictions that do not currently authorize lotteries, sports betting, or gaming do not approve such activities or if those jurisdictions that currently authorize lotteries, sports betting, or gaming do not continue to permit such activities.

Investigations by governmental and licensing entities can result in adverse findings or negative publicity

From time to time, the Company is subject to extensive background investigations, and other investigations of various types are conducted by governmental and licensing authorities with respect to applicable gaming regulations. These regulations and investigations vary from time to time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction where the Company operates. Because the Company’s reputation for integrity is an important factor in its business dealings with lottery and other governmental agencies, a governmental allegation or a finding of improper conduct by or attributable to the Company in any manner, the prolonged investigation of these matters by governmental or regulatory authorities, and/or the adverse publicity resulting therefrom could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects, including its ability to retain existing contracts or to obtain new or renewed contracts, both in the subject jurisdiction and elsewhere.

Failure to comply with data privacy laws, including the GDPR could result in significant penalties

The GDPR came into effect on May 25, 2018, expanding the rules on using personal data and increasing the risks of processing personal data compared to prior legislation and introducing new obligations on data controllers and rights for data subjects, including, among others:

•accountability and transparency requirements, which will require data controllers to demonstrate and record compliance with the GDPR and to provide more detailed information to data subjects regarding processing;
•enhanced data consent requirements, which includes "explicit" consent in relation to the processing of sensitive data;
•obligations to consider data privacy as any new products or services are developed and limit the amount of information collected, processed, and stored as well as its accessibility;
•constraints on using data to profile data subjects;
•providing data subjects with personal data in a usable format on request and erasing personal data in certain circumstances; and
•reporting of breaches without undue delay (72 hours where feasible).

Other jurisdictions in which the Company operates have implemented, or are considering implementing, data privacy laws similar to the GDPR. Several of the Parent’s subsidiaries, particularly those in Italy, deal with a significant amount of employee and customer personal data. There is a risk that the Company's policies and procedures for compliance with data privacy laws, including the GDPR will not be implemented correctly or that individuals within the Company will not be fully compliant with the new procedures. Failure to comply with data privacy laws may have serious financial consequences to the Company. For example, failure to comply with the GDPR may lead to fines for data breaches of up to the maximum of either €20 million or 4% of worldwide annual revenue, and the Company could face significant administrative sanctions and reputational damage that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company is exposed to significant risks in relation to compliance with anti-corruption laws and regulations and economic sanction programs

Doing business on a worldwide basis requires the Company to comply with the laws and regulations of various jurisdictions. In particular, the Company's operations are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where the Company operates. Other laws and regulations applicable to the Company control trade by imposing economic sanctions on countries and persons and creating customs requirements and currency exchange regulations. The Company's continued global expansion,
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including in countries which lack a developed legal system or have high levels of corruption, increases the risk of actual or alleged violations of such laws.

The Company cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which its operations might be subject or the manner in which such laws might be administered or interpreted.

There can be no assurance that the policies and procedures the Company has implemented have been or will be followed at all times or will effectively detect and prevent violations of these laws by one or more of the Company's directors, officers, employees, consultants, agents, joint-venture partners or other third-party partners. As a result, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures that in turn could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Negative perceptions and publicity surrounding the gaming industry could lead to increased gaming regulation

The popularity and acceptance of gaming is influenced by prevailing social attitudes toward gaming, and changes in social attitudes toward gaming could result in reduced acceptance of gaming as a leisure activity. Further, from time to time, the gaming industry is exposed to negative publicity related to gaming behavior, gaming by minors, the presence of gaming machines in too many locations, risks related to digital gaming and alleged association with money laundering. Publicity regarding problem gaming and other concerns with the gaming industry, even if not directly connected to the Company, could adversely impact its business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, if the perception develops that the gaming industry is failing to address such concerns adequately, the resulting political pressure may result in the industry becoming subject to increased regulation and restrictions on operations. Such an increase in regulation could adversely impact the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Changes to U.S. and foreign tax laws could adversely affect the Company

The Company is subject to tax laws in the U.S. and several foreign tax jurisdictions and judgment is required in determining the Company’s global provision for income taxes. While the Company believes its tax positions are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which it conducts business, it is possible that these positions may be overturned by tax authorities, which may have a significant impact on the Company’s global provision for income taxes.

Furthermore, changes in tax laws or regulations may be proposed or enacted that could significantly affect the Company’s overall tax expense. For example, on December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation through the Tax Act, which significantly changed the U.S. corporate income tax system and has had a meaningful impact on the Company’s provision for income taxes. The Tax Act made broad changes to the U.S. federal income tax code, including reducing the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposing limitations on the Company’s ability to deduct interest expense for tax purposes, creating a new minimum tax on GILTI, and creating BEAT, among many other complex provisions.

In addition, tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. Many countries in the E.U., as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase the Company’s tax obligations in countries where it does business. If U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, the Company’s overall taxes could increase, and its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects may be adversely affected.

The Company may be subject to an unfavorable outcome with respect to pending regulatory, tax, or other legal proceedings, which could result in substantial monetary damages or other harm to the Company

The Company is involved in a number of legal, regulatory, tax, and arbitration proceedings including claims by and against it as well as injunctions by third parties arising out of the ordinary course of its business and is subject to investigations and compliance inquiries related to its ongoing operations. It is difficult to estimate accurately the outcome of any proceeding. As such, the amounts of the Company’s provision for litigation risks could vary significantly from the amounts the Company may be asked to pay or ultimately pay in any such proceeding. In addition, unfavorable resolution of or significant delay in adjudicating such proceedings could require the Company to pay substantial monetary damages or penalties and/or incur costs that may exceed any provision for litigation risks or, under certain circumstances, cause the termination or revocation of the relevant license or authorization and thereby have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

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Operational Risks

Failure to attract, retain and motivate personnel may adversely affect the Company's ability to compete

The Company's ability to attract and retain key management, product development, finance, marketing, and research and development personnel, and its ability to attract and maintain a diverse workforce, is directly linked to the Company's continued success. Particularly in the lottery and gaming industries, the market for qualified executives and highly-skilled technical workers is intensely competitive, and the loss of key employees or an inability to hire a sufficient number of technical staff could limit the Company's ability to develop successful products and could cause delays in getting new products to market.

The Company’s business prospects and future success rely heavily upon the integrity of its employees, directors and agents

The Company strives to set exacting standards of personal integrity for its employees and directors and its reputation in this regard is an important factor in its business dealings with lottery, gaming, and other governmental agencies. For this reason, an allegation or a finding of improper conduct on the Company’s part, or on the part of one or more of its current or former employees, directors or agents, or the failure to detect fraudulent activity by employees in a timely manner, could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects, including its ability to retain or renew existing contracts or obtain new contracts.

For example, in October 2020, the Italian Tax Police announced that it is investigating alleged misconduct by a small number of the Company’s former employees. The alleged misconduct involved unauthorized access to the Company’s lottery system in Italy in order to identify and redeem winning scratch-off lottery tickets. The Company is fully cooperating with the Italian Tax Police in order to facilitate its investigation into the alleged misconduct and has taken proactive steps to ensure the integrity of the Company’s games and to protect the interests of the Company’s customers. The Company has also taken measures to review its operational systems and processes designed to prevent fraudulent activities and remains focused on ensuring its business is conducted at the highest levels of integrity. Nevertheless, the investigation (including any adverse impact on the perceived integrity and security of the Company’s products and systems) could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects, including its ability to retain or renew existing contracts or obtain new contracts.

The success of the Company’s business is dependent on customers’ confidence in the integrity of the Company’s products and systems

The real and perceived integrity and security of the Company’s products and systems are critical to its ability to attract customers and players. In the event of an actual or alleged defect in a Company product or unauthorized access of a Company system, the Company’s existing and prospective customers may lose confidence in the integrity and security of the Company’s products and systems. Such a failure could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects, including its ability to attract new customers and retain its existing customers.

The Company faces supply chain risks that, if not properly managed, could adversely affect its financial results

The Company purchases most of the parts, components, and subassemblies necessary for its lottery terminals and electronic gaming machines from outside sources. The Company outsources all the manufacturing and assembly of certain lottery terminals and portions of other products to third-party vendors. The Company’s operating results could be adversely affected if one or more of its manufacturing and assembly outsourcing vendors fails to meet production schedules. The Company’s management believes that if a supply contract with one of these vendors were to be terminated or breached, it may take time to replace such vendor under some circumstances and any replacement parts, components, or subassemblies may be more expensive, which could reduce the Company’s margins. Depending on a number of factors, including the Company’s available inventory of replacement parts, components or subassemblies, the time it takes to replace a vendor may result in a delay for a customer. Generally, if the Company fails to meet its delivery schedules under its contracts, it may be subject to substantial penalties or liquidated damages, or contract termination, which in turn could adversely affect the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company and its operations are subject to cyber-attacks and cyber-security risks which may have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations and result in increasing costs to minimize these risks

The Company's business involves the storage and transmission of confidential business and personal information, and theft and security breaches may expose the Company to a risk of loss of, or improper use and disclosure of, such information, which may result in significant litigation expenses and liability exposure. Cyber-attacks on businesses are becoming more frequent, and increasingly more difficult to anticipate and prevent due to their rapidly evolving nature. The Company has experienced and continues to experience cyber-attacks of varying degrees and phishing attacks on a regular basis. To date, the Company has not
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suffered any material losses as a result of such attacks. The Company's internal policies and procedures may not be able to prevent or detect every cyber-attack or reduce all negative effects they may cause. In addition, the Company's insurance policies may not be sufficient to mitigate all potential negative effects of a cyber-attack.

Any systems failure or compromise of the Company's security that results in the release of confidential business or personal information could seriously harm the Company's reputation and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company's security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of the Company's subcontractors, vendors, suppliers, or otherwise. Such breach could result in significant reputational, legal, and financial liability, and may potentially have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, become more sophisticated, and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Company may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Additionally, cyber-attacks could also compromise trade secrets and other sensitive information and result in such information being disclosed to others and becoming less valuable, which could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company may face decreased operational efficiency and productivity due to measures taken to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused, and may continue to cause us and certain of the Company’s suppliers, to implement temporary measures mandating employees to work from home and collaborate remotely where possible. The Company has taken measures to monitor and reduce the impact of the outbreak on its operations, including establishing a cross-functional global crisis management team, protocols for responding when employees are infected, and enhanced cleaning procedures at all sites, but it cannot assure these will be sufficient to mitigate the risks faced by the Company and its partners’ work forces. The Company has also taken measures to reduce operating costs and ensure liquidity given the uncertain impact of COVID-19 on revenue, deferred non-critical capital expenditures, has implemented a number of employee-related actions, and may in the future implement further actions. However, the Company may still experience lower work efficiency and productivity, which may adversely affect its service quality, and its business operations could be disrupted if any of the Company’s employees are suspected of infection, since this may cause its employees to be quarantined and/or its offices to be temporarily shut down. The Company will continue to incur costs for its operations, and its revenues during this period are difficult to predict. As a result of the above developments, the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition have been and will likely continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way the Company connects with customers, as most in-person trade shows and conferences have been canceled, requiring sales teams and executives to meet with customers virtually. If the Company is unable to effectively adapt to these new methods of connecting with customers, or if these new methods prove to be less effective than the Company’s traditional methods of operation, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity and duration of this outbreak and the actions taken by governmental authorities and us to contain it or treat its impact.

Failures in technology may disrupt the Company’s business and have an adverse effect on its results of operations

The Company’s success depends on its ability to avoid, detect, replicate, and correct software and hardware defects and fraudulent manipulation of its products. The Company incorporates security features into the design of its products which are designed to prevent its customers and players from being defrauded. The Company also monitors its software and hardware in an effort to avoid, detect and correct any technical errors. However, there can be no guarantee that the Company’s security features or technical efforts will continue to be effective in the future.

In addition, any disruption in the Company’s network or telecommunications services, or those of third parties that the Company uses in its operations, could affect the Company’s ability to operate its systems, which could result in reduced revenues and customer downtime. The Company’s network and databases of business and customer information, including intellectual property and other proprietary business information and those of third parties the Company uses, are susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, break-ins, cyber-attacks, network penetration, data privacy or security breaches, denial of service attacks, and similar events, including inadvertent dissemination of information due to increased use of social media. Disruptions with such systems could result in a wide range of negative outcomes, including devaluation of the Company’s intellectual property, increased expenditures on data security, and costly litigation and potential payment of liquidated damages,
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each of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Financial Risks

Covenants in the Company’s debt agreements may limit its ability to pay dividends, repurchase shares and operate its business, and the Company’s breach of such covenants could materially and adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

Certain of the Company’s debt agreements require it to comply with covenants that may limit the Company’s ability to:

•pay dividends and repurchase shares;
•acquire assets of other companies or acquire, merge or consolidate with other companies;
•dispose of assets;
•incur indebtedness; and
•grant security interests in its assets.

The Company’s ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond its control, such as prevailing economic, financial, regulatory and industry conditions. These covenants may limit its ability to react to market conditions or take advantage of potential business opportunities. Further, a breach of such covenants could, if not cured or waived, result in acceleration of its indebtedness, result in the enforcement of security interests or force the Company into bankruptcy or liquidation. Such a breach or any failure to otherwise timely repay outstanding indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

On May 7, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its Senior Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement (the “RCF Amendment”) and on May 8, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its Senior Term Loan Facility Agreement (the TLF Amendment, and together with the RCF Amendment, the “Amendments”) to provide temporary relief from its financial covenants. The Amendments modified the RCF Agreement and the TLF Agreement by, among other things:

•Providing a waiver of the covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA from the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 and establishing new thresholds for these financial covenants starting with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 as described in the amendments;
•Providing that for the period commencing on January 30, 2020 and expiring on August 31, 2021 (the “Relief Period Expiration Date”), a material adverse effect arising from the COVID-19 pandemic shall not constitute a material adverse effect under the agreements and any cessation or suspension of business arising from the COVID-19 pandemic shall not constitute an event of default under the agreements;
•Providing that the obligation to grant security over additional collateral be waived provided that the public debt ratings of the Company are not less than BB- or Ba3;
•Obligating the Company to maintain “Liquidity” (as defined in the amendments) of at least $500 million for the period commencing on the date of the amendments and expiring on the Relief Period Expiration Date (the “Relief Period”), with such financial covenant being tested quarterly or, if any monthly trading update or quarterly compliance certificate evidences that Liquidity is less than $750 million, monthly;
•Increasing the margin from 2.75% to 3.25% if the public debt ratings of the Company are B+ or B1 (or lower);
•Prohibiting restricted payments (including dividends and ordinary share repurchases) during the period commencing on April 1, 2020 and expiring on June 30, 2021, and permitting restricted payments during the period commencing on July 1, 2021 and expiring on the maturity date of the respective agreements provided that the ratio of total net debt to EBITDA as adjusted to reflect the restricted payment is less than specified thresholds; and
•Decreasing the maximum annual amount that the Company can spend on acquisitions during the Relief Period to $100 million.

In addition, the amendment to the RCF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the RCF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.475%, and the amendment to the TLF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the TLF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.50%.

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The Company may incur additional impairment charges

The Company reviews its amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company tests goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually. Factors that may indicate a change in circumstances, such that the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill, amortizable intangible assets, or other non-amortizing assets may not be recoverable, include a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in industry segments in which the Company participates. The Company may be required to record a significant charge in its consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of goodwill or intangible assets is determined, which would negatively affect the Company’s results of operations. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting unfavorable social, political, economic, and financial conditions, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment assessment in the three months ended March 31, 2020, which resulted in a $296.0 million goodwill impairment charge reducing the value of its former International and North America Gaming and Interactive segments. The Company cannot provide assurance that future changes will not require additional material impairment charges in any of its business segments in the future. For more information on the assessment and the goodwill impairment charge, see “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—13. Goodwill” in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

Unfavorable economic and business conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could negatively impact the Company’s ability to remain in compliance with its financial covenants

In order to remain in compliance with the Company’s debt covenants and meet its payment obligations, the Company entered into the Amendments to provide temporary relief from its financial covenants. Please refer to “Covenants in the Company’s debt agreements may limit its ability to pay dividends, repurchase shares and operate its business, and the Company’s breach of such covenants could materially and adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects” above for more information regarding the details of the Amendments.

Unfavorable economic and business conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted, and could continue to impact the Company’s business. For example, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most casinos and gaming halls throughout the globe closed in the first half of 2020, and some casinos and gaming halls have yet to reopen. The closure and restriction on operations of casinos and gaming halls has significantly disrupted the Company’s ability to generate revenues. However, the Company has no control over and cannot predict the length of the closure of casinos and gaming halls due to the COVID-19 pandemic, or any future closures of casinos and gaming halls that have reopened. If the Company is unable to generate machine gaming and other revenue due to closures of casinos and gaming halls or experiences significant declines in business upon reopening, this would negatively impact its ability to remain in compliance with its financial covenants and meet its payment obligations even after the Amendments.

If the Company is unable to meet its financial covenants or in the event some other event of default arises, the Company’s lenders could exercise certain remedies, including declaring the principal of and accrued interest on all outstanding indebtedness due and payable and terminating all remaining commitments and obligations. Although the lenders under the Company’s Senior Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement and Senior Term Loan Facility Agreement could waive the defaults or forebear the exercise of remedies, they would not be obligated to do so. Such default may also result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. Failure to obtain such a waiver in the future would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks related to the Loyalty Voting Structure

The Parent's controlling shareholder and loyalty voting structure may limit other shareholders' ability to influence corporate decisions

At February 24, 2021, De Agostini had an economic interest of approximately 50.49% and, due to its election to exercise the Special Voting Shares associated with its ordinary shares pursuant to the Loyalty Plan, a voting interest in the Parent of approximately 65.05% of the total voting rights. See “Item 7.  Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” for additional information. This shareholder may make decisions with which other shareholders may disagree, including, among other things, delaying, discouraging, or preventing a change of control of the Company or a potential merger, consolidation, tender offer, takeover, or other business combination and may also prevent or discourage shareholders’ initiatives aimed at changes in the Parent’s management.

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The tax consequences of the loyalty voting structure are uncertain

No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority has provided public guidance in respect of the Special Voting Shares of the Parent and as a result, the tax consequences of owning such shares are uncertain. The fair market value of the Parent's Special Voting Shares, which may be relevant to the tax consequences of owning, acquiring, or disposing of such shares, is a factual determination and is not governed by any guidance that directly addresses such a situation. Because, among other things, (i) the Special Voting Shares are not transferable (other than in very limited circumstances as provided for in the loyalty voting structure), (ii) on a winding up or otherwise, the holders of the Special Voting Shares will only be entitled to receive out of the Parent's assets available for distribution to its shareholders, in aggregate, $1, and (iii) loss of the entitlement to instruct the nominee on how to vote in respect of Special Voting Shares will occur without consideration, the Parent believes and intends to take the position that the value of each special voting share is minimal. However, the relevant tax authorities could assert that the value of the Special Voting Shares as determined by the Parent is incorrect. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to treatment of Special Voting Shares. See “Item 10.E Taxation” for additional information.

The loyalty voting structure may affect the liquidity of the Parent's ordinary shares and reduce their ordinary share price

The loyalty voting structure may limit the liquidity and adversely affect the trading prices of the Parent's ordinary shares. The loyalty voting structure is intended to reward shareholders for maintaining long-term share ownership by granting persons holding ordinary shares continuously for at least three years the option to elect to receive Special Voting Shares. The Special Voting Shares cannot be traded and, immediately prior to the deregistration of ordinary shares from the register of loyalty shares, any corresponding Special Voting Shares shall cease to confer any voting rights in connection with such Special Voting Shares. This loyalty voting structure is designed to encourage a stable shareholder base, but it may deter trading by those shareholders who are interested in gaining or retaining the Special Voting Shares. Therefore, the loyalty voting structure may reduce liquidity in the Parent's ordinary shares and adversely affect their trading price.

Item 4.     Information on the Company
A.    History and Development of the Company
The Parent is organized as a public limited company under the laws of England and Wales. The Parent’s principal office is located at 66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor, London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom, telephone number +44 (0) 207 535 3200. The Parent’s agent for service in the United States is CT Corporation System, 701 S. Carson Street - Suite 200, Carson City, Nevada 89701 (telephone number: +1 518 433 4740). The Company operates under the Companies Act 2006, as amended.
The Parent was formed as a business combination shell company on July 11, 2014 under the name “Georgia Worldwide Limited.” On September 16, 2014, it changed its name to “Georgia Worldwide PLC,” and on February 26, 2015, it changed its name to “International Game Technology PLC.”
The Company is a product of the acquisition of International Game Technology by GTECH S.p.A., which was completed on April 7, 2015, through mergers of the prior businesses into the Parent and a subsidiary of the Parent. Prior to the mergers, the Parent did not conduct any material activities other than those incident to its formation, the making of certain required securities law filings, and the preparation of the proxy statement/prospectus filed in connection with the acquisition and mergers. For more information on the mergers, see Item 4.A of the Parent’s annual report on Form 20-F for 2015, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2016.
Capital Expenditures and Divestitures
For a description, including the amount invested, of the Company’s principal capital expenditures (including interests in other companies) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, see “Item 5. C. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures.”
For a description of the Company’s principal divestitures for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, see “Item 5.B. Operating Results.”
On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, had entered into a definitive agreement to sell one hundred percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A for a sale price of €950 million. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2021, and is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. To date, the Company has not made any other capital expenditures or divestitures in calendar year 2021 that were not in the ordinary course of business.
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More Information
The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy, and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The Company’s SEC filings can be found there and on the Company’s website: www.igt.com.
B. Business Overview

The Company is a global leader in gaming that delivers entertaining and responsible gaming experiences for players across all channels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to sports betting and digital. Leveraging compelling content, substantial investment in innovation, player insights, operational expertise, and leading-edge technology, the Company’s solutions deliver gaming experiences that responsibly engage players and drive sustainable growth. The Company has a well-established local presence and relationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world, and creates value by adhering to the highest standards of service, integrity, and responsibility.

The Company operates and provides an integrated portfolio of innovative gaming technology products and services, including: lottery management services, instant lottery systems, gaming systems, instant ticket printing, electronic gaming machines, sports betting, digital gaming, and commercial services. The Company is headquartered in London, with principal operating facilities located in Providence, Rhode Island; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Rome, Italy. Research and development and product assembly are mostly centralized in North America. The Company had approximately 11,000 employees at December 31, 2020.

Effective July 1, 2020, the Company adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments, Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units. Prior to this change, the Company had four reporting units: North America Gaming and Interactive, North America Lottery, International, and Italy. The key intended benefits of the new structure include:

•Enabling greater responsiveness to customers and players;
•Increasing effectiveness and competitiveness in each segment;
•Harmonizing best practices in each product category;
•Increasing organizational efficiency by leveraging economies of scale;
•Improving market understanding of segment performance by enhancing peer comparability; and
•Reducing complexity to support the Parent’s intrinsic value.

The Company's operations for the periods presented here-in are reported under this new organizational structure.
On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, had entered into a definitive agreement to sell one hundred percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A for a sale price of €950 million (the “Italy B2C Transaction”). This action stemmed from the Company’s decision to monetize its leadership positions in the Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital spaces at an attractive multiple to comparable Italian transactions, providing the Company with enhanced financial flexibility. The Italy B2C Transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2021, and is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. As a result, this disposition is accounted for as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements. Refer to the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” for additional information.

Sustainability

As a global leader in gaming, the Company is committed to responsible and sustainable practices. The Company’s corporate social responsibility strategy is centered on four key priorities: Valuing our People, Advancing Responsibility, Supporting our Communities, and Fostering Sustainable Operations.

The Company is invested in creating a path to sustainability that is inspired by its five fundamental corporate values (Passionate, Responsible, Authentic, Collaborative, Pioneering). The Company’s commitment complies to high standards of integrity and ethical conduct, diversity and inclusion, and professional development. The Company has joined prominent international organizations in supporting the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and adhering to the United Nations Global Compact.

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The Company’s main sustainability achievements in 2020 are listed below:

•CRRA 2020: The Company’s 2018 Sustainability Report ranked in the Top 10 worldwide in the Credibility Through Assurance category of the 2020 Corporate Register Reporting Awards;
•ICA 2020: The Company was awarded the Sustainable Business Award – Supplier at the 2020 Industry Community Awards;
•G4 Certification: The Company was re-certified for both its digital and gaming operations from the Global Gambling Guidance Group;
•The Company was rated as an “outperformer” by Sustainalytics, a global provider of Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (“ESG”) research and ratings, in its ESG Report on the Company in 2020;
•The Company received a 4.6 out of 5 ESG rating from FTSE Russell, a provider of stock market indices and data services, in 2020; and
•The Company is one of 325 companies across 50 industries selected for the 2020 Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index which distinguishes companies committed to advancing women's equality and transparently reporting gender data.

Products and Services

The Company has five broad categories of products and services: (1) Lottery, (2) Machine Gaming, (3) Sports Betting, (4) Digital, and (5) Commercial Services.

1. Lottery

The Company supplies a unique set of lottery solutions to approximately 90 customers worldwide, including to 37 of the 46 U.S. lotteries through its Global Lottery segment. Lottery customers frequently designate their revenues for particular purposes, such as education, economic development, conservation, transportation, programs for senior citizens and veterans, health care, sports facilities, capital construction projects, cultural activities, tax relief, and others. Many governments have become increasingly dependent on their lotteries as revenues from lottery ticket sales are often a significant source of funding for these programs.

Lottery products and services are provided through operating contracts, facilities management contracts (“FMCs”), lottery management agreements (“LMAs”), and product sales contracts. In the majority of jurisdictions, lottery authorities award contracts through a competitive bidding process. Typical service contracts are five to 10 years in duration, often with multi-year extension options. After the expiration of the initial or extended contract term, a lottery authority generally may either seek to negotiate further extensions or commence a new competitive bidding process. Certain customers may require the Company to pay an upfront fee for the right to exclusively manage their lottery.

The Company designs, sells, leases, and operates a complete suite of point-of-sale machines that are electronically linked with a centralized transaction processing system that reconciles lottery funds between the retailer and the lottery authority. The Company provides and operates highly secure, online lottery transaction processing systems that are capable of processing over 500,000 transactions per minute. The Company provides more than 450,000 point-of-sale devices to lottery customers and lotteries that it supports worldwide. The Company also produces high-quality instant ticket games and provides printing services such as instant ticket marketing plans and graphic design, programming, packaging, shipping, and delivery services.

The Company has developed and continues to develop new lottery games, licenses new game brands from third parties, and installs a range of new lottery distribution devices, all of which are designed to drive responsible same-store sales growth for its customers. In connection with its delivery of lottery services, the Company actively advises its customers on growth strategies. Depending on the type of contract and the jurisdiction, the Company also provides marketing services, including retail optimization and lottery brand awareness campaigns. The Company works closely with its lottery customers and retailers to help retailers sell lottery games more effectively. These programs include product merchandising and display recommendations, a selection of appropriate lottery product mix for each location, and account reviews to plan lottery sales growth strategies. The Company leverages years of experience accumulated from being the exclusive licensee for the Italian Scratch & Win instant lottery game and the Italian Lotto, one of the world’s largest lotteries. This B2C expertise in Italy, which includes management of all the activities along the lottery value chain, allows the Company to better serve B2B customers. The Company’s primary competitors in the Lottery business include Camelot, Intralot, La Francaise des Jeux, Neogames, Pollard, SAZKA, Scientific Games, Sisal, and Tabcorp.

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The primary types of lottery agreements are outlined below:

Operating and Facilities Management Contracts

The majority of the Company’s revenue in the Lottery business comes from operating contracts and FMCs.

Since 1998, the Company has been the exclusive licensee for the Italian Lotto game (management of operations commenced in 1994). Beginning in November of 2016, the Company’s exclusive license for the Italian Lotto includes partners as part of a joint venture. Lottoitalia s.r.l. (“Lottoitalia”), a joint venture company among Lottomatica, Italian Gaming Holding a.s., Arianna 2001 (an entity associated with the Federation of Italian Tobacconists), and Novomatic Italia, is the exclusive manager of the Italian Lotto game. Lottoitalia is 61.5% owned by Lottomatica. The Company, through Lottoitalia, manages the activities along the lottery value chain, such as creating games, determining payouts, collecting wagers through its network, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials including play slips, tickets and receipts, and marketing and point-of-sale materials for the game. Since 2004, and for a term expiring in 2028, the Company also has been the exclusive licensee for the instant ticket lottery (“Gratta e Vinci”) through Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l., a joint venture 64.0% owned by the Parent’s subsidiary Lottomatica, with the remainder directly and indirectly owned by Scientific Games Corporation and Arianna 2001. As of December 31, 2020, the revenue weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s existing lottery contracts in Italy was 6.1 years.

The Company’s FMCs typically require the Company to design, install, and operate the lottery system and retail terminal network for an initial term, which is typically five to 10 years. The Company’s FMCs are granted on an exclusive basis, and usually contain extension options under the same or similar terms and conditions, generally ranging from one to five years. Under a typical FMC, the Company maintains ownership of the technology and equipment, and is responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract, although the investments are generally concentrated during the early years. The Company provides a wide range of services to lottery customers related to the technology, equipment, and facilities such as hosting, maintenance, marketing, and other support services. The Company generally provides its lottery customers retailer terminal and communication network equipment through operating leases. In return, the Company typically receives fees based upon a percentage of the sales of draw-based and/or instant ticket games, though under certain of its agreements, the Company may receive fixed fees for certain goods or services. In limited instances, the Company provides instant tickets and online lottery systems and services under the same facilities management contract. As of February 24, 2021, the Company had FMCs with or for the benefit of 24 U.S. jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest FMCs by annual revenue were Texas, California, Florida, New York, and Michigan, and the revenue weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s existing FMCs (excluding Italy) was 5.6 years (7.4 years including available extensions). Also, as of February 24, 2021, the Company operated under operating contracts or FMCs in 17 international jurisdictions, excluding Italy.

Another form of Operating Contract is our Lottery Management Agreements ("LMAs"). Under an LMA, the Company manages, within parameters determined by the lottery customer, the core lottery functions, including the lottery systems and the majority of the day-to-day activities along the lottery value chain. This includes collecting wagers, managing accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the games. LMAs also include a separate FMC, pursuant to which the Company leases certain hardware and equipment, and provides access to software and support services. The Company provides lottery management services in New Jersey as part of a joint venture and in Indiana through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Parent. The Company’s revenues from LMAs are based on achievement of contractual metrics, and, with respect to the supply agreements, are based generally on a percentage of wagers. The Company is also subject to penalties for failure to achieve contractual metrics under its LMAs. The Company categorizes revenue from LMAs as service revenue from “Operating and facilities management contracts” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Operating contracts and FMCs often require the Company to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event of non-performance by the Company. The Company’s revenues from operating contracts and FMCs are generally service fees paid to the Company directly by the lottery authority based on a percentage of such lottery’s wagers or ticket sales. The Company categorizes revenue from operating contracts and FMCs as service revenue from “Operating and facilities management contracts” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

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Instant Ticket Printing Contracts

As an end-to-end provider of instant tickets and related services, the Company produces high-quality instant ticket games and provides ancillary printing services such as instant ticket marketing plans and graphic design, programming, packaging, shipping, and delivery services. Instant tickets are sold at numerous types of retail outlets but most successfully in grocery and convenience stores.

Instant ticket contracts are priced based on a percentage of ticket sales revenues or on a price per unit basis and generally range from two to five years with extension opportunities. Government-sponsored lotteries grant printing contracts on both an exclusive and non-exclusive basis where there is typically one primary vendor and one or more secondary vendors. A primary contract permits the vendor to supply the majority of the lottery’s ticket printing needs and includes the complete production process from concept development through production and shipment. It also typically includes marketing and research support. A primary printing contract can include any or all of the following services: warehousing, distribution, telemarketing, and sales/field support. A secondary printing contract includes providing backup printing services and alternate product sources. It may or may not include a guarantee of a minimum or maximum number of games. As of February 24, 2021, the Company provided instant ticket printing products and services to 31 customers in North America and 21 customers in international jurisdictions. The Company categorizes revenue from instant ticket printing contracts, that are not part of an operator or LMA contract, as product sales from “Lottery products” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.” The instant ticket production business is also highly competitive and subject to strong, price-based competition.

Product Sales and Services Contracts

Under product sales and services contracts, the Company assembles, sells, delivers, and installs turnkey lottery systems or lottery equipment, provides related services, and licenses related software. The lottery authority maintains, in most instances, responsibility for lottery operations. The Company sells additional machines and central computers to expand existing systems and/or replace existing equipment and provides ancillary maintenance and support services related to the systems, equipment sold, and software licensed. The Company categorizes revenue from product sales and services contracts on a case-by-case basis as either service revenue or product sales from “Systems, software, and other” or “Lottery products” respectively, as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

2. Machine Gaming
 
The Company designs, develops, assembles or orders the assembly of, and provides cabinets, games, systems, and software for customers in regulated gaming markets throughout the world under fixed fee, participation and product sales contracts. The Company holds more than 450 global gaming licenses and does business with commercial casino operators, tribal casino operators, and governmental organizations (primarily consisting of Lottery operators). Machine gaming products and services are provided through the Global Gaming business segment.

The Company’s primary global competitors in Machine Gaming are American Gaming Systems, Aristocrat, Everi, Euro Games Technology, Konami, Novomatic, and Scientific Games.

Gaming Machines and Game Content

The Company offers a diverse range of gaming machine cabinets from which land-based casino customers can choose to maximize functionality, flexibility, and player comfort. In addition to cabinets, the Company develops a wide range of casino games taking into account local jurisdictional requirements, market dynamics, and player preferences. The Company combines elements of math, play mechanics, sound, art, and technological advancements with a library of entertainment licenses and a proprietary intellectual property portfolio to provide gaming products designed to provide a high degree of player appeal and entertainment. The Company offers a wide array of casino-style games in a variety of multi-line, multi-coin, and multi-currency configurations.

The Company’s casino games typically fall into two categories: premium games and core games.
  
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Premium games include:

•Wide Area Progressives - games that are linked across several casinos and/or jurisdictions and share a large common jackpot, including The Wheel of Fortune® franchise; and
•Multi-Level Progressives - games that are linked to a number of other games within the casino itself and offer players the opportunity to win different levels of jackpots, such as Fortune Coin™ Boost.

Core games, which include video reel, mechanical reel, and video poker, are typically sold and in some situations leased to customers. Some of the Company’s most popular core games in 2020 included Hexbreaker 3, Wolf Run Gold and Treasure Box Kingdom, which are all video slot games.

The Company produces other types of games including:
 
•“Centrally Determined” games which are games connected to a central server that determines the game outcome;
•Class II games which are electronic video bingo machines that can be typically found in North American tribal casinos and certain other jurisdictions like South Africa; and
•Random-number-generated and live dealer electronic table games, including baccarat and roulette.

Gaming service revenue is primarily generated through providing premium game content and cabinets on short duration leases to customers. The pricing of these arrangements is largely variable where the casino customer pays fees to the Company based on a percentage of amounts wagered, net win, or a daily fixed fee for use of the game content, cabinets, and related support services.
 
Machine gaming product sales revenues are generated from the sales of land-based gaming machines (equipment and game content), systems, component parts (including game conversion sales), other equipment and services. The Company categorizes revenue from gaming machines as product sales from “Gaming terminals” and revenue from game content as product sales from “Gaming other” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Video Lottery Terminals (“VLT”) and Amusement with Prize Machines (“AWP”)

The Company provides VLTs, VLT central systems, and VLT games worldwide. VLTs are gaming machines which are regulated by lotteries, and are usually connected to a central system. In addition, the Company provides AWPs and games to licensed operators in Europe. AWPs are typically low-denomination gaming machines installed in retail outlets.

The Company provides systems and machines to other machine gaming licensees, either as a product sale or with long-term, fee-based contracts where the service revenue earned is generally based on a percentage of wagers, net of applicable gaming taxes. The Company categorizes revenue from VLTs as either service revenue from “Gaming terminal services” or product sales from “Gaming terminals”, depending on the nature of the transaction, as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Gaming Management Systems
 
The Company offers a comprehensive range of system modules and applications for all areas of casino management. Gaming systems products include infrastructure and applications for casino management, customer relationship management, patron management, and server-based gaming. The Company’s main casino management system offering is the Advantage® System, which offers solutions and modules for a wide-range of activities from accounting and payment processing to patron management and regulatory compliance.

The Company’s systems feature customized player messaging, tournament management, and integrated marketing and business intelligence modules that provide analytical, predictive, and management tools for maximizing casino operational effectiveness. The server-based solutions enable electronic game delivery and configuration for slot machines, as well as providing casino operators with opportunities to increase profits by enhancing the players’ experience, connecting with players interactively, and creating operational efficiencies. Service Window enables operators to market to customers more effectively by leveraging an additional piece of hardware onto existing machines for delivering in-screen messaging. The Company’s systems portfolio also extends to encompass mobile solutions such as the Resort Wallet™, which is a cardless, cashless loyalty solution for casino players. Resort Wallet™ includes IGTPay, a fully cashless land-based offering for casino operators which provides a direct link
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to external funding, allowing customers to sustain operations in a changing environment, including through the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobile solutions that drive efficiencies and enable floor monitoring for operators while decreasing response time to player needs include Mobile Host, Mobile Responder, and Mobile Notifier. The Company categorizes revenue from gaming management systems as product sales from “Gaming other” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
 
3. Sports Betting
 
The Company provides sports betting technology and management services to licensed sports betting operators in 16 states in the U.S. through the Global Gaming segment. The Company does not operate direct to consumer sports betting in the U.S.
The Company offers a combination of technology and services to U.S. licensed sports book operators in each state where sports betting is legal. The offering may be different in each market in order to comply with local regulations and market conditions. The Company currently packages services in two ways:
•“Sports betting platform” solutions offer modular services hosted and maintained in each U.S. state or tribal jurisdiction where Sports Betting is legal. These solutions provide certified and managed sports betting software made available for customers to operate retail and account-based interactive sports and pari-mutuel race wagering in a particular jurisdiction; and
•“Turnkey” managed service solutions combine the Company’s end-to-end sports betting management technology with a portfolio of value-added services including offer management, payments, fraud management, advisory functions, as well as retail components such as kiosks and betting terminals, interactive components such as mobile web and desktop applications, and trading support services, all of which support the operations of land-based, digital, and omni-channel sports betting operators.

The Company also manufactures and sells a range of retail point of sale products for use by its sports betting customers in the U.S. which includes a variety of self-service kiosks and over the counter betting solutions.
Sports betting operators who are customers of the Company in the U.S. include: FanDuel (Flutter plc), PointsBet, FoxBet (Stars Group), Delaware North, Boyd Gaming Corporation and the Rhode Island Lottery. The Company’s primary competitors in the U.S. sports betting market include Scientific Games and Kambi.
The Company categorizes revenue from sports betting as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

4. Digital

Digital gaming enables game play via the internet for real money or for fun (social). The Company designs, assembles, and distributes a full suite of configurable products, systems, content, and services, and holds more than 30 licenses that authorize the provision of digital gaming products and services worldwide, including digital products such as slot games, poker, bingo, and online casino table games with features such as single and multiplayer options with branded titles and select third-party content. The Company provides social casino content as part of a multi-year strategic partnership with DoubleU Games, and its complete suite of PlayLottery solutions, services, and professional expertise allows lotteries to fully engage their players on any digital channel in regulated markets. Existing lottery game portfolios are extended to the digital channel to provide a spectrum of engaging content such as e-Instant tickets.
 
The Company’s iGaming systems and digital platforms offer customers an integrated system that provides player account management, advanced marketing and analytical capabilities, and a highly reliable and secure payment system. IGT Connect™ integrates third-party player account management systems, third-party game engines, and regulatory systems. The Company also offers a remote game server, which is a fast gateway to extensive casino and eInstant content, and digital and social gaming services that enhance player experiences and create marketing opportunities around either the Company’s games or third-party games.

The Company’s diverse iGaming B2B customer base includes Caesar’s Entertainment, FanDuel, the Georgia Lottery, Loto-Quebec, Ontario Lottery and Gaming, Penn National Gaming and William Hill, among others. Digital and social gaming products and services are provided through the Global Gaming business segment. The Company faces competition from operators, such as 888 Holdings and bwin.party, and broad-based traditional B2B providers, such as Playtech plc and Microgaming. The Company also faces competition in the digital space from other machine gaming suppliers, such as Scientific
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Games and GAN.

The Company categorizes revenue from digital gaming products as product sales from “Gaming other”, revenue from digital gaming services as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other”, and revenue from PlayLottery services as service revenue from “Operating and facilities management contracts” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

5. Commercial Services
 
The Company develops innovative technology to enable lotteries to offer commercial services over their existing lottery infrastructure or over standalone networks separate from the lottery. Leveraging its distribution network and secure transaction processing experience, the Company offers high-volume processing of commercial transactions including: prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges, and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In Italy, the Company’s commercial payment and eMoney services network comprises points-of-sale divided among the primary retailers of lottery products: tobacconists, bars, petrol stations, newspaper stands, and motorway restaurants. The Company categorizes revenue from commercial services as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Business Segment Revenue

Revenues for the Company by business segment are as follows:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Service revenue2,042,652 2,182,961 2,234,801 
Product sales121,346 109,884 126,889 
Global Lottery2,163,998 2,292,845 2,361,690 
Service revenue596,906 917,907 961,129 
Product sales354,552 821,005 658,053 
Global Gaming951,458 1,738,912 1,619,182 
Total revenue3,115,456 4,031,757 3,980,872 

For a further description of the principal services and products the Company provides by business segment, including a breakdown of the Company’s revenues by geographic market, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—21. Segment Information.”

Seasonality

In general, the Company’s business is not materially affected by seasonal variation. In the lottery business, lottery consumption and gaming may decrease over the summer months due to the tendency of consumers to be on vacation during that time. Seasonal gaming trends generally show higher play levels in the spring and summer months and lower levels in the fall and winter months. Gaming product sales may be uneven throughout the year, and can be affected by factors including the timing of large transactions and new casino openings.

In 2020, all aspects of the Company’s business were significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, including the shutdown of almost all casinos and gaming halls in the second quarter of 2020, which dramatically decreased demand for gaming products and services. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors - “The outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 has had and will likely continue to have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operations, financial condition and operating results.”
Source of Materials
The Company uses a variety of raw materials to assemble gaming devices (e.g., metals, wood, plastics, glass, electronic components, and LCD screens). Moreover, there is significant paper, toner, and ink consumption at our two ticket printing facilities. A large portion of the materials used involve packaging, most of which is cardboard and paper.
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Management believes that adequate supplies and alternate sources of the Company’s principal raw materials are available, and does not believe that the prices of these raw materials are especially volatile. The Company generally has global material suppliers and uses multi-sourcing practices to promote component availability.
Product Development
The Company devotes substantial resources to research and development and incurred $190.9 million and $266.2 million of related expenses in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s research and development efforts cover multiple creative and engineering disciplines for its lottery and gaming businesses, including creative game content, hardware, and software; and land-based, online social, and digital real-money applications. These products are created primarily by employee designers, engineers, and artists, as well as third-party content creators. Third-party technologies are used to improve the yield from development investment and concentrate increased resources on product differentiation engineering.
Product assembly operations primarily involve the configuration and assembly of electronic components, cables, harnesses, video monitors, and prefabricated parts purchased from outside sources.
Intellectual Property
The Company’s intellectual property (“IP”) portfolio of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other licensed rights is significant. At December 31, 2020, the Company held approximately 4,200 patents and 7,600 trademarks filed and registered worldwide. The Company’s IP portfolio is widely diversified with patents related to a variety of products, including game designs, bonus and secondary embedded game features, device components, systems features, and web-based or mobile functionality. The Company also relies on trade secret protection, believing that its technical “know-how” and the creative skills of its personnel are of substantial importance to its success.
Most of the Company’s products are marketed under trademarks and copyrights that provide product recognition and promote widespread acceptance. The Company seeks protection for its copyrights and trademarks in the U.S. and various foreign countries, where applicable, and uses IP assets offensively and defensively to protect its innovation. The Company also has a program where it licenses its patents to others under terms designed to promote standardization in the gaming industry.
In addition, some of the Company’s most popular games and features, including Wheel of Fortune®, are based on trademarks, patents and/or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. The Company routinely obtains, retains, and expands licenses for popular intellectual property.
Software Development
The Company has developed software for use in the management of a range of lottery, gaming, and betting functions and products, including leveraging integration with third-party software components. Software developed by the Company is used in a variety of applications including (i) in centralized systems for the management of lotteries, machine gaming and betting, and other commercial services; (ii) to enhance functions connected to services provided through websites and mobile applications including lotteries, sports betting, instant win, and casino style games; and (iii) in a variety of back-office functions. Software developed by the Company is also used in machines for: management of lotteries, machine gaming, betting and online payments; provision of gaming and non-gaming content; and integration with other devices such as mobile phones and tablets.
Regulatory Framework
The gaming and lottery industries are subject to extensive and evolving governmental regulation in the U.S. and other jurisdictions. Gaming laws are based upon declarations of public policy designed to ensure that gaming is conducted honestly, competitively, and free of criminal and corruptive elements. While the regulatory requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, the majority typically require some form of licensing or regulatory suitability of operators, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors as well as their major shareholders, officers, directors and key employees. Regulators review many aspects of an applicant including financial stability, integrity and business experience. Additionally, the Company’s gaming and lottery products and technologies require certification or approval in most jurisdictions where the Company conducts business.
A comprehensive network of internal and external resources and controls is required to achieve compliance with the broad governmental oversight of the Company’s business. The Company has a robust internal compliance program designed to ensure compliance with applicable requirements imposed in connection with its gaming and lottery activities, as well as legal requirements generally applicable to all publicly traded companies. The Company employs more than 150 people to support global compliance which is directed on a day-to-day basis by the Company’s Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance and
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Risk Management Officer. Legal advice is provided by attorneys from the Company’s legal department as well as outside experts. The compliance program, accountable to the Parent’s board of directors, is overseen by the Global Compliance Governance Committee, which comprises employee and nonemployee directors and a non-employee gaming law expert. Through these efforts, the Company seeks to assure both regulators and investors that all its operations maintain the highest levels of integrity.
Lottery
Lotteries in the U.S. are regulated by state or other applicable law. There are currently 46 U.S. jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) that authorize the operation of lotteries. The ongoing operations of lotteries and lottery operators are typically subject to extensive and broad regulation, which vary state-by-state. The awarding of lottery contracts and ongoing operations of lotteries in international jurisdictions are also extensively regulated, although international regulations typically vary from those prevailing in the U.S. Lottery regulatory authorities generally exercise significant discretion, including with respect to the determination of the types of games played, the price of each wager, the manner in which the lottery is marketed and the selection of suppliers of equipment, technology, and services, as well as the retailers of lottery products. To ensure the integrity of contract awards and lottery operations, most jurisdictions require detailed background disclosure on a continuous basis from vendors and their officers, directors, subsidiaries, affiliates, and principal stockholders. Background investigations of the vendors’ employees who will be directly responsible for the operation of lottery systems are also generally conducted. Certain jurisdictions also require extensive personal and financial disclosure and background checks from persons and entities beneficially owning a specified percentage of a vendor’s securities.
Gaming
The assembly, sale and distribution of gaming devices, equipment, and related technology and services are subject to federal, state, tribal, and local regulations in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The initial regulatory requirement in most jurisdictions is to obtain the privileged licenses that allow the Company to participate in gaming activities. The Company’s operating entities and key personnel have obtained or applied for all known government licenses, permits, registrations, findings of suitability, and approvals necessary to assemble, distribute and/or operate gaming products in all jurisdictions where it does business. Although many gaming regulations across jurisdictions are similar or overlapping, the Company must satisfy all conditions individually for each jurisdiction. Obtaining the required licenses at a corporate and individual level is a thorough process, in which the authorities review detailed information about the companies and individuals applying for suitability, as well as the processes used in the assembly, sale, and distribution of gaming devices. Once the license has been granted, regulatory oversight is designed to ensure that the licensee continue to operate with honesty and integrity.
Frequently, gaming regulators not only govern the activities within their jurisdiction or origin, but also monitor activities in other jurisdictions to ensure that the Company complies with local standards on a worldwide basis. A violation in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in another.
The Company holds over 450 gaming licenses across approximately 340 jurisdictions. Key regulatory authorities that have licensed the Company include, among others, the United Kingdom Gambling Commission, the Nevada State Gaming Control Board and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement. The Company has never been denied a gaming related license, nor had any of its licenses suspended or revoked.
Digital and Sports Betting
In 2020, there was continued growth in sports wagering across the U.S. In addition to the states and tribal jurisdictions that adopted Sports Betting in 2018 and 2019, more states legalized and adopted regulations to govern sports wagers in 2020, including Colorado, Michigan, Tennessee, Virginia, and additional tribal jurisdictions. Some of these states launched in 2020, with others expected to launch in 2021 and beyond. More states are expected to address the legalization of sports wagering in upcoming legislative sessions. The channels for offering sports wagering differ from state to state, with most states seeking to offer sports wagering both in person and through some electronic means, such as via a mobile phone app.
In the U.S., the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (“UIGEA”) prohibits, among other things, the acceptance by a business of a wager by means of the internet where such wager is prohibited by any applicable law where initiated, received or otherwise made. Under UIGEA, severe criminal and civil sanctions may be imposed on the owners and operators of such systems and on financial institutions that process wagering transactions. The law contains a safe harbor for wagers placed within a single state (disregarding intermediate routing of the transmission) where the method of placing the bet and receiving the bet is authorized by that state’s law, provided the underlying regulations establish appropriate age and location verification.
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Also in the U.S., the Wire Act prohibits several types of wager-related communications over a “wire communications facility.” In 2011, the DOJ issued the 2011 Opinion, interpreting the Wire Act as applicable only to sports wagering and that UIGEA does not supersede or otherwise limit the scope of the Wire Act. In January 2019, the DOJ published the 2019 Opinion, concluding that the Wire Act was applicable to other forms of gambling that cross state lines, though the precise scope of the 2019 Opinion is unclear, and the DOJ has not yet addressed how it plans to enforce the Wire Act. The DOJ initially issued a memorandum stating that it will not enforce the 2019 Opinion prior to June 14, 2019. Further, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission and certain private parties (the “Plaintiffs”) commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In response to this and other lawsuits, the DOJ issued a memorandum in April 2019 acknowledging that the 2019 Opinion did not consider whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and their vendors, and the DOJ is now considering this issue. In connection with such acknowledgment, the DOJ also extended the non-prosecution period for State lotteries and their vendors indefinitely while they consider the question. If the DOJ concludes that the Wire Act does apply to State lotteries and/or their vendors, they would extend the non-prosecution period for an additional period of 90 days after the DOJ publicly announces such position (the “Lottery Forbearance”).
On June 3, 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire issued the NH Decision, ruling in favor of the Plaintiffs and opining that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities. The NH Decision also set aside the 2019 Opinion leaving the 2011 Opinion as DOJ’s only stated position on the subject. In response to the NH Decision, the DOJ extended the forbearance period to December 31, 2019; such forbearance period was further extended through December 1, 2020. The Lottery Forbearance remains unchanged. The DOJ appealed the NH Decision to the United States Court of Appeal for the First Circuit, and on January 20, 2021, the United States Court of Appeal for the First Circuit of Appeal affirmed the NH Decision in part through issuance of the First Circuit Decision. The First Circuit Decision also vacated the portion of the NH Decision which set aside the 2019 Opinion. It is unclear whether the DOJ will appeal the First Circuit Decision to the Supreme Court of the United States, when the DOJ will conclude its consideration of whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and their vendors, or whether other courts would come to the same conclusions set forth in the NH Decision. The Company’s management is evaluating the First Circuit Decision, the 2019 Opinion, the possibilities of further DOJ appeal and their implications to the Company, its customers, and the industries in which the Company operates.
Michigan has been added to the list of states that have authorized internet casino gaming, alongside Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and Nevada has authorized online poker. Additionally, a few state lotteries offer internet instant game sales to in-state lottery customers and several states allow subscription sales of draw games over the internet.
The Company participates in digital gaming and sports wagering in the U.S. as a content and technology provider within fully regulated gaming and lottery frameworks.
Digital gaming in the E.U. is characterized by diverse regulatory frameworks with some E.U. countries having monopolistic regimes run by a sole operator and others having established licensing systems for more than one operator. The Company carefully evaluates each E.U. jurisdiction to ensure adherence to applicable laws and regulations. As local regulations and related guidance from authorities change, the Company re-evaluates its position in any given country. In 2018, the E.U. Court of Justice announced that it was dropping all enforcement proceedings related to gambling which allows the individual E.U. country rulings to stand, regardless of whether or not they violate E.U. laws. As a result, the Company has made adjustments to its strategy, to respect the individual E.U. country rulings.
Italian Gaming and Betting Regulations
The Company operates in Italy in the lottery, gaming, and betting sectors and is subject to regulatory oversight by the Agenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli (“ADM”). At December 31, 2020, the Company held licenses for (1) the activation and operation of the network for Italy’s Lotto game, (2) the operation of instant and traditional lotteries, (3) the activation and operation of the network for the telematic operation of legalized AWPs and VLTs, (4) the land based collection of pari-mutuel and fixed odds betting through physical points of sale and digital channels and (5) the digital gaming collection operated through digital channels, including digital sports betting, skill games, casino games, and digital Bingo.
Gaming in Italy is an activity reserved to the State. Any game that is carried out without proper authorization is illegal and subject to criminal penalties. Italian law grants the Ministry of Economy and Finance, through ADM, the power to introduce games and to manage gaming and betting activities directly or by granting licenses to qualified operators selected by means of public tenders as further explained below. The process of creating and granting gaming and betting licenses in Italy is heavily regulated.
Gaming and betting licenses are granted pursuant to a public tender procurement process. The license provides for all of the licensee’s requirements, in accordance with the provisions of Italian law and regulation, activities and duties, including
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collection of the game’s revenues, the payment of winnings, the payment of the point of sale, payment of gaming taxes and all the other amounts due to the State, the drawings and the management of all of the technological assets to operate gaming, requirements of the technological infrastructure and the relevant service levels. Licenses are for a determined time period, generally nine years, and are not renewable unless indicated in the licensing agreement; in such event, the renewal is not guaranteed to be on the same terms. In certain cases, the license may be extended at the option of the ADM on the same terms. Under other circumstances, which are typically defined in the licensing agreement, the license may be revoked or terminated. Most cases of early termination are related to the breach of the terms of the licensing agreement or the non-fulfillment of conditions of that agreement as well as the loss of the requirements prescribed by Italian law and regulation for the assignment and the maintenance of gaming licenses. In some cases, the early termination of the license allows the State to draw upon the entire amount of the performance bond presented by the licensee. Upon governmental request, the licensee has an obligation to transfer, free of charge, the assets subject of the license to the State at the end of the term of the license or in the event of its revocation or early termination. Each single license contains specific provisions enacting such general obligation.

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C.    Organizational Structure
A listing of the Parent’s directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries at February 24, 2021 is set forth in Exhibit 8.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F. At February 24, 2021, De Agostini had an economic interest of approximately 50.49% and, due to its election to exercise the Special Voting Shares associated with its ordinary shares pursuant to the Loyalty Plan, a voting interest in the Parent of approximately 65.05% of the total voting rights. See “Item 7.  Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.
The following is a diagram of the Parent and certain of its subsidiaries and associated companies at February 24, 2021:
igt-20201231_g1.gif
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D.     Property, Plant and Equipment
The Parent’s principal office is located at Marble Arch House, 66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor, London W1H 5BT, U.K., telephone number +44 (0) 207 535 3200. At February 24, 2021, the Company leased approximately 117 properties in the U.S. under approximately 121 leases and approximately 239 properties outside of the U.S. under approximately 285 leases. Certain properties leased by the Company are subject to multiple leases (e.g., buildings where each floor leased by the Company is under a separate lease). As of February 24, 2021, the Company owned a number of facilities and properties, including:
•An approximately 113,000 square foot production and research and development office building in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada;
•An approximately 51,000 square foot production and assembly facility and office in Gross St. Florian, Austria (listed for sale in January 2021); and
•An approximately 13,050 square foot enterprise data center in West Greenwich, Rhode Island.
The following table shows the Company’s material properties at February 24, 2021:
U.S. Properties
LocationSquare
Feet		Use and Productive CapacityExtent of
Utilization		Holding
Status
9295 Prototype Drive,
Reno, NV*		1,251,179Office; Warehouse, Game Studios; Hardware/Software Engineering; Global Production Center; Electronic Gaming Machine and Instant Ticket Vending Machine Production93 %Leased
6355 S. Buffalo Drive,
Las Vegas, NV*		222,268U.S. Principal Operating Facility, Game Studio, Systems Software, Showroom100 %Leased
55 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI		170,000WG Technology Center: Office; Research and Testing; Storage and Distribution100 %Leased
4000 South Frontage Road, Suite 101
Lakeland, FL		141,960Printing Plant: Printing facility; Storage and Distribution; Office100 %Leased
10 Memorial Boulevard,
Providence, RI		124,769U.S. Principal Operating Facility100 %Leased
300 California Street, Floor 8,
San Francisco, CA*		15,457Office; PlayDigital HQ100 %Leased
8520 Tuscany Way, Bldg. 6, Suite 100,
Austin, TX		81,933Texas Warehouse and National Response Center: Contact Center; Storage and Distribution; Office95 %Leased
8200 Cameron Road, Suite E120,
Austin, TX		41,705Data Center of the Americas: Data Center; Network Operations; Office80 %Leased
5300 Riata Park Court, Bldg. E, Suite 100,
Austin, TX		25,000Austin Tech Campus: Research and Test; Office59 %Leased
47 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI		13,050Enterprise Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations100 %Owned
75 Baker Street,
Providence, RI		10,640RI National Response Center: Office; Contact Center100 %Leased
*This property has been listed for sub-lease.


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Non-U.S. Properties
LocationSquare
Feet		Use and Productive CapacityExtent of
Utilization		Holding
Status
Via delle Monachelle S.N.C.
Pomezia, Rome, Italy		170,456Instant Ticket Warehouse; Instant Ticket Production100 %Leased
Galwin 2
1046 AW Amsterdam, Netherlands		125,128Electronic Gaming Machine Production; Gaming Distribution/Repair; Research and Test; Office90 %Leased
Viale del Campo Boario 56/D 00154
Roma, Italy		123,740Principal Operating Facility in Italy: Office Italy Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations100 %Leased
328 Urquhart Ave,
Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada		113,000Canada HQ; Office; Research and Testing; VLT Production100 %Owned
Viale del Campo Boario 19 00154
Roma, Italy		96,840Office; Software Development95 %Leased
Seering 13-14,
Unterpremstatten, Austria		73,750Austria Gaming HQ; Office; Research and Test90 %Leased
29 Suzhoujie Street, Viva Plaza, Haidian District, Room No. 1-20, 11th and 18th Floors, Beijing 100080, China54,058Game Studio; Systems Software; Office85 %Leased
Al. Jerozolimskie, 92
Brama Building,
Warsaw, Poland		71,904Global Tech Hub; Office; Research and Test95 %Leased
USCE Tower
Bulevar Mihajla, Pupina No. 6
Belgrade, Serbia		42,764Software Development Office, Lottery and Gaming Products95 %Leased
11 Talavera Rd.
Building  B,
Sydney, Australia		27,432Office; Sales & Marketing; Financial Support100 %Leased
10 Finsbury Square, 3rd Floor
London EC2A 1AD, United Kingdom		17,340Global Management HQ, Play Digital
100 %Leased
Marble Arch House,
66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor,
London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom		11,495Registered Global Headquarters of the Parent75 %Leased
All of the Company’s facilities have remained open for critical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, although the majority of employees are currently working remotely.
The Company’s facilities are in good condition and are adequate for its present needs and there are no known environmental issues that may affect the Company’s utilization of its real property assets.
The Company does not have any plans to construct, expand or improve its facilities in any material manner other than general maintenance of facilities. As such, no increase in productive capacity is anticipated.
None of the Company’s properties are subject to mortgages or other material security interests.

Item 4A.    Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

A.       Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in this annual report, as well as “Presentation of Financial and Certain Other Information,” “Item 3.D. Risk Factors,” and “Item 4. B. Business Overview.”
 
The following discussion includes information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

The following discussion includes certain forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report, including in “Item 5.F. Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”

B.            Operating Results

Business Overview
 
The Company is a global leader in gaming that delivers entertaining and responsible gaming experiences for players across all channels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to sports betting and digital. Leveraging compelling content, substantial investment in innovation, player insights, operational expertise, and leading-edge technology, the Company’s solutions deliver gaming experiences that engage players and drive growth. The Company has a well-established local presence and relationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world, and creates value by adhering to the highest standards of service, integrity, and responsibility.

Segment Realignment

On July 1, 2020, we adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. During the third quarter of 2020, our chief operating decision maker requested changes in the information that he regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units.
The key benefits of the new structure include:

•Enabling greater responsiveness to customers and players;
•Increasing effectiveness and competitiveness in each segment;
•Harmonizing best practices in each product category;
•Increasing organizational efficiency by leveraging economies of scale;
•Improving market understanding of segment performance; and
•Reducing complexity to support IGT PLC’s intrinsic value.

The Company's operations for the periods presented herein are reported under this new organizational structure.

Discontinued Operations

The discussion that follows in this Item 5 has been prepared on a continuing operations basis and excludes results from our discontinued operations, discussed in detail in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 3 Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

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Key Factors Affecting Operations and Financial Condition
 
The Company’s worldwide operations can be affected by industrial, economic, and political factors on both a regional and global level. The following are the principal factors which have affected the Company’s results of operations and financial condition and/or which may affect results of operations and financial condition for future periods.
 
COVID-19: In January 2020, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified and has spread around the world, including in the Company’s core markets of the United States and Italy. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The global spread of COVID-19 has been, and continues to be, complex and rapidly evolving, with governments, public institutions and other organizations imposing or recommending, and businesses and individuals implementing, restrictions on various activities or other actions to combat its spread, such as restrictions and bans on travel or transportation, stay-at-home directives, limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events, including sporting events, concerts, conferences and meetings, and quarantines and lock-downs. The pandemic and its consequences, including the closure of almost all casinos and gaming halls globally in the second quarter of 2020, dramatically reduced demand for gaming products and services, which has had a negative impact on all aspects of the Company’s business. While many casinos and gaming halls have since reopened, some remain closed. The Company continues to take all prudent measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, such as practicing social distancing, performing deep cleaning in our facilities, and enabling our employees to work from home where possible.

Our Global Gaming segment was significantly impacted due to the widespread temporary closures of a substantial number of gaming establishments coupled with the global economic uncertainty. Our service revenue and cash flows have been significantly affected, as they are largely driven by the level of gaming activity and players’ disposable incomes. As the level of play declined due to casino closures or quarantines, there was a directly correlated decline in our gaming businesses. Additionally, our product sales largely depend on our customers’ liquidity and operating results, which has begun to impact the replacement cycle and demand for products and opportunities from new or expanded markets. Further, we granted customer concessions for the portion of the time for which such customers’ operations were impacted by closures or quarantines.

Our Global Lottery segment was also affected as certain lottery retail establishments were temporarily closed and others experienced the general slowdown due to lower foot traffic and reduced spending by end players, resulting in a lower level of lottery ticket purchases. During the first and second quarter, our Global Lottery segment was significantly impacted due to the timing of the government-imposed quarantines and lockdowns to mitigate the spread of the virus. The scope and duration of these measures varied greatly by jurisdiction. The most significant impact on our results arose from measures imposed by the Italian government which included the suspension of all lottery games under the Lotto license starting in April 2020 with a phased reopening strategy starting in early May. During the third quarter and fourth quarters of 2020 we saw an 8.7% and a 7.9% increase in same-store sales, respectively, in particular with the lotteries in North America and recovery within our Italian lottery businesses.

The temporary closure of gaming establishments, disruptions to lottery operations, travel restrictions, cancellation of sporting events, expected lower disposable incomes of consumers, and adverse impact on our casino and gaming customers’ liquidity and financial results caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, had, and continues to have, an adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Product Sales: Product sales fluctuate from year to year due to the mix, volume, and timing of the transactions. Product sales amounted to $475.9 million, $930.9 million and $784.9 million or approximately 15.3%, 23.1% and 19.7% of total revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Jackpots and Late Numbers: The Company believes that the performance of lottery products is influenced by the size of available jackpots in jurisdictions that offer such jackpots. In general, when jackpots increase, sales of lottery tickets also increase, further increasing the jackpot. The Company also believes that consumers in Italy monitor “late numbers” (numbers that have not been drawn for more than 100 draws) and when there is a good pipeline of late numbers, wagers in Italy increase. Under both circumstances, the Company’s service revenues are positively impacted.

Non-Cash Goodwill Impairments: In 2018 & 2019, the Company determined that there were impairments in the former International reporting unit’s goodwill due to the results being lower than forecasted along with higher weighted average cost of capital. In 2018, a $118.0 million non-cash goodwill impairment loss with no income tax benefit was recorded to reduce the carrying amount of the former International reporting unit to fair value. In 2019, a $99.0 million non-cash goodwill impairment loss with no income tax benefit was recorded to reduce the carrying amount of the former International reporting unit to fair value. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company determined that the expected impact of COVID-19 to the Company’s
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future operations indicated that it was more likely than not that an impairment loss had been incurred within certain reporting units. As a result of changes to the discount rates and changes to management’s forecasted results for the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting units, the Company recorded non-cash goodwill impairments of $193.0 million and $103.0 million, respectively. As a result of the change in reporting units on July 1, 2020, and as discussed in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—21. Segment Information” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”, we allocated goodwill to our new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was $2,942.2 million and $2,208.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the excess of fair value over carrying value in the Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was 70.8% and 11.4%, respectively.

Effects of Foreign Exchange Rates: The Company is affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates (i) through translation of foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars for consolidation, which is referred to as the translation impact, and (ii) through transactions by subsidiaries in currencies other than their own functional currencies, which is referred to as the transaction impact. Translation impacts arise in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements; in particular, the consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars while the financial statements of each of the Company’s subsidiaries are generally prepared in the functional currency of that subsidiary. In preparing consolidated financial statements, assets and liabilities measured in the functional currency of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date, while income and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates for the period covered. Accordingly, fluctuations in the exchange rate of the functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries against the U.S. dollar impacts the Company’s results of operations. The Company is particularly exposed to movements in the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate. Although the fluctuations in exchange rates have had a significant impact on the Company’s revenues, net income, and net debt, the impact on operating income and cash flows is less significant as revenues are typically matched to costs denominated in the same currency.

Given the impact of foreign exchange rates on our consolidated results, certain key performance indicators (such as same store sales) are reported on a constant-currency basis in order to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our results without regard to the impact of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. We calculate constant-currency amounts by applying the prior-year/period exchange rates (i.e., the exchange rates used in preparing the financial statements for the prior year) to current financial data expressed in local currency.

The Wire Act: The Company’s management is evaluating the Wire Act and related legal developments, and their implications to the Company, its customers, and the industries in which the Company operates, as more fully described in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and “Item 4. B. Business Overview.” If the Wire Act is broadly interpreted and enforced to prohibit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures and/or the Company may be required to substantially change the way it conducts its business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP which require the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts of income and expenses recognized. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on information available at the date that the financial statements are prepared, on historical experience, judgments, and assumptions considered to be reasonable and realistic.
 
The Company periodically and continuously reviews estimates and assumptions. Actual results for those areas requiring management judgment or estimates may differ from those recorded in the consolidated financial statements due to the occurrence of events and the uncertainties which characterize the assumptions and conditions on which the estimates are based. The impact of COVID-19 on our business continues to unfold. As a result, many of our estimates and assumptions require increased judgment and may carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, our estimates may change in future periods.
 
The areas that require greater subjectivity of management in making estimates and judgments and where a change in such underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements are fully described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.” Certain critical accounting estimates are discussed below.
 
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Revenue Recognition
 
Application of GAAP related to the measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make judgments and estimates. Specifically, complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting, including whether promised goods and services specified in an arrangement are distinct performance obligations. Other significant judgments include determining whether the Company is acting as the principal in a transaction and whether separate contracts should be combined and considered part of one arrangement.

Revenue recognition is also impacted by our ability to determine when a contract is probable of collection and to estimate variable consideration, including, for example, rebates, volume discounts, service-level penalties, and performance bonuses. We consider various factors when making these judgments, including a review of specific transactions, historical experience and market and economic conditions. Evaluations are conducted each quarter to assess the adequacy of the estimates.

The Company recognized service and product revenues of $2,639.6 million and $475.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company often enters into contracts with customers that consist of a combination of services and products that are accounted for as one or more distinct performance obligations. Management applies judgment in identifying and evaluating the contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue recognition policy, which requires significant judgments and estimates, is fully described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Goodwill Valuation

The process of evaluating potential impairments related to goodwill requires the application of significant judgment. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an event occurs that would cause revisions to the estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the fair value of goodwill, the revision could result in a non-cash impairment loss that could have a material impact on financial results.

As discussed in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - 13. Goodwill” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements”, on March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the expected impact of COVID-19 to the Company’s future operations indicated that it was more likely than not that an impairment loss had been incurred within certain reporting units. As a result of changes to the discount rates and changes to management’s forecasted results for the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting units, the Company recorded non-cash goodwill impairments of $193.0 million and $103.0 million, respectively.

Effective July 1, 2020, the Company adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. Under the new organizational structure, our chief operating decision maker will regularly review information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance based on information prepared for the Global Lottery and Global Gaming segments. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units. As a result of the change in reporting units, at July 1, 2020, we allocated goodwill to our new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was $2,942.2 million and $2,208.7 million, respectively. In addition, we completed an assessment of any potential goodwill impairment for all the former reporting units immediately prior to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.

In conjunction with the Italy B2C Transaction announced in December 2020, for purposes of allocating goodwill to discontinued operations, the Company estimated the fair value of the Global Gaming reporting unit using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. Based on the relative fair values of the businesses to be disposed of and the portion of the Global Gaming reporting unit that will be retained, $520.3 million of goodwill was reclassified to assets held for sale on our balance sheet.

In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test. The excess of fair value over carrying value within the Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was 70.8% and 11.4%, respectively.

The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the Company’s two reporting units (which are the same as its reportable segments) with their carrying amounts and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.

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In performing the goodwill impairment test, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. The procedures the Company follows include, but are not limited to, the following:

•Analysis of the conditions in, and the economic outlook for, the reporting units;
•Analysis of general market data, including economic, governmental, and environmental factors;
•Review of the history, current state, and future operations of the reporting units;
•Analysis of financial and operating projections based on historical operating results, industry results, and expectations;
•Analysis of financial, transactional, and trading data for companies engaged in similar lines of business to develop appropriate valuation multiples and operating comparisons; and
•Calculation of the Company’s market capitalization, total invested capital, the implied market participant acquisition premium, and supporting qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Under the income approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is determined based on the present value of each unit's estimated future cash flows, discounted at a risk-adjusted rate. The Company uses internal forecasts for a five-year period to estimate future cash flows and estimates long-term future growth rates based on internal projections of the long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Actual results may differ from those assumed in forecasts. The discount rates are based on a weighted-average cost of capital analysis computed by calculating the after-tax cost of debt and the cost of equity and then weighted based on the concluded capital structure of the respective reporting unit. The Company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in each reporting unit and in internally developed forecasts. Discount rates used in the Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting unit valuations as of December 31, 2020 were 9.6% and 11.0%, respectively. An increase of approximately 70 basis points in the Global Gaming reporting units’s discount rate would lead to an impairment.

Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the Company’s management to use its judgment in making estimates and making forecasts that are based on a number of factors including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
 For the year ended
 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Change
($ thousands)$% of
Revenue		$% of
Revenue		$%
Service revenue by segment
Global Lottery2,042,652 65.6 2,182,961 54.1 (140,309)(6.4)
Global Gaming596,906 19.2 917,907 22.8 (321,001)(35.0)
Total service revenue2,639,558 84.7 3,100,868 76.9 (461,310)(14.9)
Product sales by segment
Global Lottery121,346 3.9 109,884 2.7 11,462 10.4 
Global Gaming354,552 11.4 821,005 20.4 (466,453)(56.8)
Total product sales475,898 15.3 930,889 23.1 (454,991)(48.9)
Total revenue3,115,456 100.0 4,031,757 100.0 (916,301)(22.7)
Operating expenses
Cost of services1,633,899 52.4 1,777,225 44.1 (143,326)(8.1)
Cost of product sales345,800 11.1 558,011 13.8 (212,211)(38.0)
Selling, general and administrative706,895 22.7 849,620 21.1 (142,725)(16.8)
Research and development190,948 6.1 266,241 6.6 (75,293)(28.3)
Restructuring45,045 1.4 24,855 0.6 20,190 81.2 
Goodwill impairment296,000 9.5 99,000 2.5 197,000 199.0 
Other operating expense (income), net4,334 0.1 (21,111)(0.5)25,445 120.5 
Total operating expenses3,222,921 103.4 3,553,841 88.1 (330,920)(9.3)
Operating (loss) income(107,465)(3.4)477,916 11.9 (585,381)(122.5)
Interest expense, net(397,916)(12.8)(410,875)(10.2)12,959 3.2 
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net(308,898)(9.9)39,874 1.0 (348,772)> 200.0
Other (expense) income, net(33,428)(1.1)21,092 0.5 (54,520)> 200.0
Total non-operating expenses(740,242)(23.8)(349,909)(8.7)(390,333)(111.6)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes(847,707)(27.2)128,007 3.2 (975,714)> 200.0
Provision for income taxes27,698 0.9 130,757 3.2 (103,059)(78.8)
Loss from continuing operations(875,405)(28.1)(2,750)(0.1)(872,655)> 200.0
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax36,681 1.2 114,408 2.8 (77,727)(67.9)
Net (loss) income (838,724)(26.9)111,658 2.8 (950,382)> 200.0
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations63,926 2.1 126,144 3.1 (62,218)(49.3)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(4,760)(0.2)4,539 0.1 (9,299)> 200.0
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC(897,890)(28.8)(19,025)(0.5)(878,865)> 200.0

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Revenue

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $916.3 million, or 22.7%, to $3,115.5 million from $4,031.8 million for the prior corresponding period. Total service revenues were adversely affected by mobility and social distancing restrictions imposed by governmental authorities in an effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Total product sale declines were primarily caused by COVID-19 budgetary constraints and social distancing restrictions. See “Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators” section below for further discussion related to the principal drivers of these changes.

Operating expenses

Cost of services

Cost of services for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $143.3 million, or 8.1%, to $1,633.9 million from $1,777.2 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $109.5 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment primarily resulting from a $38.5 million decrease in licensing and royalty fees principally due to lower royalties on installed base and poker units due to inactive machines. Global Gaming expenses related to payroll, employee benefits and incentive compensation decreased $29.7 million due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program and employee furloughs. Cost of services for our Global Lottery segment decreased by $19.3 million primarily as a result of a $20.8 million decrease in marketing and advertising; a $19.8 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits and incentive compensation due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; a $10.3 million decrease in communications, consumables, and travel; and a $7.1 million decrease in outside services, primarily consultants. These decreases were partially offset by a $55.6 million increase in point of sale (“POS”) and partner fees, primarily related to an increase in commercial service sales in Italy.

Cost of product sales

Cost of product sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $212.2 million, or 38.0%, to $345.8 million from $558.0 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $200.2 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment primarily resulting from the $466.5 million decrease in product sales. Cost of product sales for our Global Lottery segment decreased $4.8 million primarily related to product mix. In addition, there was a $6.9 million decrease in Corporate and Other, principally associated with a decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $142.7 million, or 16.8%, to $706.9 million from $849.6 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $68.2 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment. This decrease was primarily due to a $59.7 million decrease in corporate allocations; a $28.3 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary deductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; a $12.5 million decrease in license and royalty fees; and an $8.6 million decrease in travel expenses. These decreases were partially offset by a $44.5 million increase in expected credit losses on long-term customer financing receivables resulting primarily from the impact of COVID-19 within Latin America and the Caribbean.

Selling, general and administrative expense for our Global Lottery segment decreased $42.6 million primarily as a result of a decrease of $19.1 million in non-deductible value-added tax (“VAT”) driven by lower spending and the implementation of the Italy VAT group from January 1, 2020, a $14.3 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary deductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; and an $8.8 million reduction in corporate allocations. These decreases within our Global Lottery segment were partially offset by an $8.6 million increase in other expenses primarily relating to legal settlements.

Selling, general and administrative expense for Corporate and Other decreased $31.9 million primarily as a result of a $52.1 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs. Corporate and Other expenses also decreased related to an $18.6 million decrease in outside services, principally related to external consultants; a $10.6 million reduction in advertising; and a $6.0 million reduction in travel. These decreases were partially offset by a $55.8 million reduction of costs allocated to our business segments caused by an overall reduction of Corporate and Other costs.

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Research and development

Research and development for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $75.3 million, or 28.3%, to $190.9 million from $266.2 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily due to decreases of $46.3 million and $12.4 million in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation in our Global Gaming and Global Lottery segments, respectively. These decreases were the result of temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, employee furloughs, and COVID-19 related government subsidies. Additionally, there were decreases related to outside services primarily due to a reduction in consulting services provided to the Company for the Global Gaming and Global Lottery segments of $9.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively.

Restructuring

Restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $20.2 million, or 81.2%, to $45.0 million from $24.9 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily due to management initiating restructuring plans in 2020 to achieve long-term structural cost savings by simplifying our organizational structure, optimizing our global supply chain, and consolidating our global technology organization.

Goodwill impairment

Goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $296.0 million compared to $99.0 million for the prior corresponding period. During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill triggering event caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based principally on management’s financial projections, which included the estimated impact of COVID-19, we recorded $193.0 million and $103.0 million non-cash impairment losses within the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of these reporting units to fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we determined there was a goodwill impairment of $99.0 million within the former International reporting unit due to lower forecasted cash flows along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital.

Other operating expense (income), net

Other operating expense (income), net for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $25.4 million, or 120.5%, to $4.3 million from $(21.1) million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a non-recurring gain on the sale of assets to a distributor for $27.7 million in the prior year.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $13.0 million, or 3.2%, to $397.9 million from $410.9 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily due to lower LIBOR interest rates on floating rate debt and a decrease in Senior Secured Notes, principally due to the following 2020 refinancing activities: redemption, upon maturity, of the remaining €387.9 million 4.75% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020; partial redemption, in June 2020, of the $1.5 billion 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022; issuance, in June 2020, of the $750.0 million 5.25% Senior Secured Notes due June 2029; and redemption, upon maturity, of the remaining $27.3 million 5.50% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020.

Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net

Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $(308.9) million, compared to foreign exchange gain, net of $39.9 million for the prior corresponding period. Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net is principally related to fluctuations in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate on euro-denominated debt.

Other (expense) income, net

Other (expense) income, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 changed $54.5 million, or > 200.0%, to a $33.4 million net expense position from a $21.1 million net income position for the prior corresponding period. In 2020, the Company incurred $28.3 million of expense related to the partial redemption of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022. In 2019, the Company recorded gains of $33.9 million on the sale of investments, primarily related to the May 2019 sale of its ownership interest in Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited for a $29.1 million pre-tax gain, partially offset by $9.6 million in expenses related to the redemption of senior secured notes.

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Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $103.1 million, or 78.8%, to $27.7 million from $130.8 million for the prior corresponding period. In 2020, the Company’s effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.0% primarily due to increases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit. In 2019, the Company's effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.0% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit.

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $77.7 million, or 67.9%, from $114.4 million for the prior corresponding period. Discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses. The decline in income was primarily due to lower wagers caused by temporary casino and gaming hall closures required by the Italian government to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Refer to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” for further information.

Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators

Global Lottery
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands)20202019$%
Service revenue
Operating and facilities management contracts1,743,916 1,930,761 (186,845)(9.7)
Systems, software, and other298,736 252,200 46,536 18.5 
2,042,652 2,182,961 (140,309)(6.4)
Product sales
Lottery products121,346 109,884 11,462 10.4 
121,346 109,884 11,462 10.4 
Global Lottery segment revenue2,163,998 2,292,845 (128,847)(5.6)
For the year ended December 31,
(% on a constant-currency basis)20202019
Global same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games1.6 %4.1 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots(17.0)%(18.3)%
Total 0.1 %1.7 %
North America & Rest of world same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games7.3 %5.2 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots (17.0)%(18.3)%
Total 4.7 %2.0 %
Italy same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games(16.1)%0.8 %
 
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Operating and facilities management contracts

Service revenue from Operating and facilities management contracts decreased $186.8 million, or 9.7%, from $1,930.8 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily the result of lower same-store sales in Italy for draw-based and instant ticket games resulting from the impact of COVID-19 mobility restrictions, and lower incentives arising within our Lottery Management Agreements. These decreases were partially offset by increases in same-store sales primarily driven by customer demand in North America, and favorable foreign currency translation of $15.7 million.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other increased $46.5 million, or 18.5%, from $252.2 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a $52.0 million increase from our commercial service offering in Italy due to expanded offerings which more than offset the reduction of revenue caused by the sale of the Company’s BillBird subsidiary in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Lottery products

Lottery products revenue increased $11.5 million, or 10.4% from $109.9 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of an increase of $10.4 million in lottery terminal sales primarily related to a customer network refresh and an increase in lottery software sales of $11.3 million as a result of increased customer demand. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other lottery sales of $11.2 million primarily due to lower sales of printed instant tickets.

Global Gaming
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands, except yields)20202019$%
Service revenue
Gaming terminal services297,418 567,849 (270,431)(47.6)
Systems, software, and other299,488 350,058 (50,570)(14.4)
596,906 917,907 (321,001)(35.0)
Product sales
Gaming terminals205,289 581,017 (375,728)(64.7)
Gaming other149,263 239,988 (90,725)(37.8)
354,552 821,005 (466,453)(56.8)
Global Gaming segment revenue951,458 1,738,912 (787,454)(45.3)
For the year ended December 31,Change
20202019Units / $%
Installed base units
Total installed base units 49,300 50,834 (1,534)(3.0)
Total yields $18.06$31.45$(13.39)(42.6)
Global machine units sold
Total machine units sold 14,662 42,076 (27,414)(65.2)

Gaming terminal services

Service revenue from Gaming terminal services decreased $270.4 million, or 47.6%, to $297.4 million from $567.8 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was principally driven by social distancing measures implemented by government authorities to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. These measures resulted in the temporary closure of casinos and gaming halls and upon reopening, fewer active machines available for use by players driving lower wagers and yields.

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System, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other decreased $50.6 million, or 14.4%, to $299.5 million from $350.1 million for the prior corresponding period. The decline was primarily due to a $67.0 million decrease in software revenue primarily related to non-recurring multi-year poker site license contracts executed in the prior year, and lower recurring poker software license fees due to inactive machines resulting from COVID-19 social distancing requirements. Additionally, there was a $24.6 million decrease in system revenue primarily due to lower demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $34.7 million in iGaming.

Gaming terminals
Product sales from Gaming terminals decreased $375.7 million, or 64.7%, to $205.3 million from $581.0 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily associated with fewer machines sold during the year driven by lower demand due to customer capital constraints resulting from COVID-19.

Gaming other

Product sales from Gaming other decreased $90.7 million, or 37.8%, to $149.3 million from $240.0 million for the prior corresponding period primarily related to lower demand due to customer capital constraints resulting from COVID-19, and multi-year licenses of intellectual property.

Operating results by segment
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands)20202019$%
Operating (loss) income
Global Lottery641,930 697,267(55,337)(7.9)
Global Gaming(205,657)179,548(385,205)> 200.0
Corporate and Other(543,738)(398,899)(144,839)(36.3)
(107,465)477,916(585,381)(122.5)
Operating margin - Global Lottery29.7 %30.4 %
Operating margin - Global Gaming(21.6)%10.3 %
 
Global Lottery segment

Segment operating margin decreased from 30.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 29.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in revenues of $128.8 million resulting from the global impacts of COVID-19. Despite a 5.6% decline in revenue, operating margins decreased by approximately 70 basis points due primarily to management’s cost saving initiatives developed in response to COVID-19, partially offsetting the decrease in revenue.

Global Gaming segment

Segment operating margin decreased from 10.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to (21.6)% for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in revenues of $787.5 million resulting from the global impacts of COVID-19, of which $466.5 million was related to product sales which were impacted at a greater rate than service revenue due to capital constraints within the market, thereby contributing a more significant negative impact to operating margin. The negative impacts on margin have been partially mitigated by management’s implementation of cost savings initiatives to decrease or eliminate fixed and discretionary costs amidst the global pandemic.

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Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
 For the year ended
 December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Change
($ thousands)$% of
Revenue		$% of
Revenue		$%
Service revenue by segment
Global Lottery2,182,961 54.1 2,234,801 56.1 (51,840)(2.3)
Global Gaming917,907 22.8 961,129 24.1 (43,222)(4.5)
Total service revenue3,100,868 76.9 3,195,930 80.3 (95,062)(3.0)
Product sales by segment
Global Lottery109,884 2.7 126,889 3.2 (17,005)(13.4)
Global Gaming821,005 20.4 658,053 16.5 162,952 24.8 
Total product sales930,889 23.1 784,942 19.7 145,947 18.6 
Total revenue4,031,757 100.0 3,980,872 100.0 50,885 1.3 
Operating expenses
Cost of services1,777,225 44.1 1,772,224 44.5 5,001 0.3 
Cost of product sales558,011 13.8 491,030 12.3 66,981 13.6 
Selling, general and administrative849,620 21.1 845,503 21.2 4,117 0.5 
Research and development266,241 6.6 263,279 6.6 2,962 1.1 
Restructuring24,855 0.6 14,781 0.4 10,074 68.2 
Goodwill impairment99,000 2.5 118,000 3.0 (19,000)(16.1)
Other (income) expense, net(21,111)(0.5)2,458 0.1 (23,569)> 200.0
Total operating expenses3,553,841 88.1 3,507,275 88.1 46,566 1.3 
Operating income477,916 11.9 473,597 11.9 4,319 0.9 
Interest expense, net(410,875)(10.2)(417,383)(10.5)6,508 1.6 
Foreign exchange gain, net39,874 1.0 129,086 3.2 (89,212)(69.1)
Other income (expense), net21,092 0.5 (51,432)(1.3)72,524 141.0 
Total non-operating expenses(349,909)(8.7)(339,729)(8.5)(10,180)(3.0)
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes128,007 3.2 133,868 3.4 (5,861)(4.4)
Provision for income taxes130,757 3.2 144,164 3.6 (13,407)(9.3)
Loss from continuing operations(2,750)(0.1)(10,296)(0.3)7,546 73.3 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax114,408 2.8 124,943 3.1 (10,535)(8.4)
Net income 111,658 2.8 114,647 2.9 (2,989)(2.6)
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations126,144 3.1 108,758 2.7 17,386 16.0 
Less: Redeemable non-controlling interests in income from continuing operations— — 20,326 0.5 (20,326)(100.0)
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations4,539 0.1 6,913 0.2 (2,374)(34.3)
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC(19,025)(0.5)(21,350)(0.5)2,325 10.9 

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Revenue

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $50.9 million, or 1.3%, to $4,031.8 million from $3,980.9 million for the prior corresponding period. See “Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators” section below for the principal drivers of these changes.

Operating expenses

Cost of services

Cost of services for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $5.0 million, or 0.3%, to $1,777.2 million from $1,772.2 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily related to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $17.1 million in our Global Gaming segment. Global Lottery remained relatively flat versus the prior year which was the result of an increase of $26.2 million in POS fees which were partially offset by deceases of $18.5 million in advertising and other outside services of $9.2 million. Additionally, Corporate and Other costs decreased by $11.6 million primarily related to a reduction in depreciation and amortization for fully depreciated developed technologies acquired in the 2015 acquisition of IGT.

Cost of product sales

Cost of product sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $67.0 million, or 13.6%, to $558.0 million from $491.0 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $54.8 million related to product sale mix and a $10.4 million increase related to inventory obsolescence costs within our Global Gaming segment. Global Lottery remained relatively flat versus the prior year despite a $17.0 million decrease in product sales due to change in mix.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $4.1 million, or 0.5%, to $849.6 million from $845.5 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily attributable to a $7.9 million increase in depreciation and amortization in our Global Lottery segment. Our Global Gaming segment had a decrease in bad debt expense of $17.0 million that was partially offset by a $15.5 million increase in litigation costs and a non-recurring benefit in 2018 of $7.5 million related to an earnout provision of an acquisition. Additionally, Corporate and Other costs associated with short-term incentive compensation decreased by $5.3 million.

Research and development

Research and development for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $3.0 million, or 1.1%, to $266.2 million from $263.3 million for the prior corresponding period principally due to an $8.3 million increase in our Global Gaming segment partially offset by a $4.4 million decrease in our Global Lottery segment. The increase in Global Gaming was primarily related to a $14.5 million reduction in capitalized projects and resources dedicated to customer deliveries, partially offset by a $4.6 million decrease in employee compensation. The decrease in Global Lottery primarily related to a $13.8 million decrease in outside services and a $5.6 million decrease in employee compensation, partially offset by a $17.6 million reduction in capitalized projects and resources dedicated to customer deliveries.

Restructuring

Restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $10.1 million, or 68.2%, to $24.9 million from $14.8 million for the prior corresponding period principally due to management expanding existing restructuring plans during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Goodwill impairment

Goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $99.0 million compared to $118.0 million for the prior corresponding period. In 2019, the Company incurred a $99.0 million impairment loss in the former International segment due principally to lower forecasted cash flows along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital. In 2018, the Company incurred a $118.0 million impairment loss in the former International segment due to the results of 2018 being lower than forecasted along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital.

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Other (income) expense, net

Other (income) expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $(21.1) million compared to $2.5 million for the prior corresponding period. In 2019, the Company entered into a long-term strategic agreement with a distributor in Oklahoma that included the sale of used, non-premium equipment in the Global Gaming segment, which resulted in a gain of $27.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $6.5 million, or 1.6%, to $410.9 million from $417.4 million for the prior corresponding period primarily due to a $5.6 million decrease related to cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges, and a $4.5 million decrease in Senior Secured Notes and Term Loan Facilities, principally due to the following 2019 refinancing activities: the redemption of the €700 million 4.125% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2020 in June 2019; the June 2019 issuance of the €750 million 3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026; the September 2019 issuance of the €500 million 2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028; and the prepayment of the Term Loan Facility amortization payment due January 2020 in September 2019.

Foreign exchange gain, net

Foreign exchange gain, net for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $89.2 million, or 69.1%, to $39.9 million from $129.1 million for the prior corresponding period. Foreign exchange gains are principally related to fluctuations in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate on euro-denominated debt.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $21.1 million, a favorable increase from $(51.4) million for the prior corresponding period primarily due to a $33.9 million gain on sale of investments during 2019 and a $43.0 million change in debt related transactions. The sale of investments principally related to the May 2019 sale of our ownership interest in Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited resulting in a pre-tax gain of $29.1 million. The 2019 debt related transactions resulted in an $11.9 million loss and the 2018 debt related transactions resulted in a $54.9 million loss.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $13.4 million, or 9.3%, to $130.8 million from $144.2 million for the prior corresponding period. In 2019, the Company's effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.0% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit. In 2018, the Company's effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.0% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit, foreign rate differences, increases in uncertain tax positions, and the settlement of an Italian tax audit.

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $10.5 million, or 8.4%, from $124.9 million for the prior corresponding period. Discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses. Refer to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” for further information.
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Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators

Global Lottery
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands)20192018$%
Service revenue
Operating and facilities management contracts1,930,761 2,007,261 (76,500)(3.8)
Systems, software, and other252,200 227,540 24,660 10.8 
2,182,961 2,234,801 (51,840)(2.3)
Product sales
Lottery products109,884 126,889 (17,005)(13.4)
109,884 126,889 (17,005)(13.4)
Global Lottery segment revenue2,292,845 2,361,690 (68,845)(2.9)
For the year ended December 31,
(% on a constant-currency basis)20192018
Global same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games4.1 %4.1 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots(18.3)%25.1 %
Total 1.7 %6.1 %
North America & Rest of world same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games5.2 %4.1 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots (18.3)%25.1 %
Total 2.0 %6.7 %
Italy same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games0.8 %4.1 %
 
Operating and facilities management contracts

Service revenues related to Operating and facilities management contracts decreased $76.5 million, or 3.8%, to $1,930.8 million from $2,007.3 million in the prior corresponding period which includes unfavorable foreign currency translations of $48.6 million. As reported, this decrease was primarily the result of a $45.5 million decrease related to the conclusion of the Illinois supply contract in the first quarter of 2019 and a $21.1 million decrease in Lottery Management Agreements, principally driven by lower multi-state jackpot activity resulting in a lower amount of expected incentives. These decreases were partially mitigated by an increase of 1.7% in same-store sales, on a constant-currency basis.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue for Systems, software, and other increased $24.7 million, or 10.8%, to $252.2 million from $227.5 million for the prior corresponding period primarily due to a $22.2 million increase in commercial services due to new offerings primarily in Italy.

Lottery products

Lottery products sales decreased $17.0 million, or 13.4%, to $109.9 million from $126.9 million in the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $27.8 million related to a large multi-year software license in the third quarter of 2018 that did not recur in 2019, as well as a $19.6 million decrease attributable to lower product sales to Massachusetts. These decreases were partially offset by increases in the sales of systems and point-of-sale machines of $27.8 million to existing lottery customers and a $3.7 million increase to instant ticket printing sales to new and existing customers.
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Global Gaming
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands, except yields)20192018$%
Service revenue
Gaming terminal services567,849 601,536 (33,687)(5.6)
Systems, software, and other350,058 359,593 (9,535)(2.7)
917,907 961,129 (43,222)(4.5)
Product sales
Gaming terminals581,017 454,884 126,133 27.7 
Gaming other239,988 203,169 36,819 18.1 
821,005 658,053 162,952 24.8 
Global Gaming segment revenue1,738,912 1,619,182 119,730 7.4 
For the year ended December 31,Change
20192018$%
Installed base units
Total installed base units 50,834 54,494 (3,660)(6.7)
Total yields $31.45$31.07$0.381.2 
Global machine units sold
Total machine units sold 42,076 32,557 9,519 29.2 

Gaming terminal services

Service revenue from Gaming terminal services decreased $33.7 million, or 5.6% to $567.8 million from $601.5 million for the prior corresponding period. The decrease correlates with the 6.7% decrease in total installed base units which includes the year-over-year reduction in installed base units resulting from a strategic agreement with a distributor in Oklahoma. The decrease in installed base units was partially offset by higher yields.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other decreased by $9.5 million, or 2.7%, to $350.1 million from $359.6 million for the prior corresponding period. Revenue increased by $16.4 million principally due to the expansion of the U.S. Sports Betting market, partially offset by a $12.0 million decrease in iGaming and a $9.3 million decrease in software sales.

Gaming terminals

Product sales from Gaming terminals increased $126.1 million primarily due to a 9,519, or 29.2%, increase in machines sold. The increase in machines sold was primarily attributable to the sale of 4,800 VLTs, principally in Sweden, and the sale of approximately 4,700 commercial gaming terminals. The increase in units sold was partially offset by a decrease in the average selling price per unit attributable to a change in product mix.

Gaming other

Gaming other increased $36.8 million primarily due to an increase of $31.0 million in AWP kit sales to support customers in Italy.
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Operating results by segment
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands)20192018$%
Operating income (loss)
Global Lottery697,267 763,799(66,532)(8.7)%
Global Gaming179,548 143,34036,208 25.3 %
Corporate and Other(398,899)(433,542)34,643 8.0 %
477,916 473,5974,319 0.9 %
Operating margin - Global Lottery30.4 %32.3 %
Operating margin - Global Gaming10.3 %8.9 %
 
Global Lottery segment

Segment operating margin decreased from 32.3% for the year ended December 31, 2018 to 30.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019, principally due to a reduction in same-store sales for the North America and Rest of world multi-state jackpot games and lower expected incentives from lottery management agreements, partially offset by increased same-store sales in Italy.

Global Gaming segment

Segment operating margin increased from 8.9% for the year ended December 31, 2018 to 10.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019, principally due to product sales margin mix and the strategic Oklahoma distributor sale, partially offset by lower operating margins derived from service revenue attributed to a reduction in the installed base.

C.    Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company’s business is capital intensive and requires liquidity to meet its obligations and fund growth. Historically, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash flows from operations and, to a lesser extent, cash proceeds from financing activities, including amounts available under the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024. In addition to general working capital and operational needs, the Company’s liquidity requirements arise primarily from its need to meet debt service requirements and to fund capital expenditures and upfront license fee payments. The Company also requires liquidity to fund any acquisitions and associated costs. The Company’s cash flows generated from operating activities together with cash flows generated from financing activities have historically been sufficient to meet the Company's liquidity requirements; however, the Company implemented robust business continuity plans with cost reduction and capital spending avoidance initiatives in anticipation of the impact on liquidity arising from COVID-19.
 
The Company believes its ability to generate cash from operations to reinvest in its business, primarily due to the long-term nature of its contracts, is one of its fundamental financial strengths. Combined with funds currently available and committed borrowing capacity, the Company expects to have sufficient liquidity to meet its financial obligations and working capital requirements in the ordinary course of business for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.
 
The cash management, funding of operations, and investment of excess liquidity are centrally coordinated by a dedicated treasury team with the objective of ensuring effective and efficient management of funds.
 
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, Company’s total available liquidity was as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 20241,816,938 1,752,125 
Cash and cash equivalents907,015 654,628 
Total Liquidity2,723,953 2,406,753 
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The Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024 are subject to customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default, none of which are expected to impact the Company’s liquidity or capital resources. As previously discussed in Item 3.D. Risk Factors, during the COVID-19 pandemic, most casinos and gaming halls throughout the globe closed in the first half of 2020, and some casinos and gaming halls have yet to reopen. The closure of casinos and gaming halls has significantly disrupted the Company’s ability to generate revenues. In order to remain in compliance with the Company’s debt covenants and meet its payment obligations, the Company entered into amendments to the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024 (the “Amendments) to provide temporary relief from its financial covenants. The Amendments, among other things, provide a waiver for the Company’s obligation to maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA from the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021. During the period beginning on the date of the Amendments and ending on August 31, 2021, the Company will be subject to a minimum liquidity covenant that requires the Company to maintain liquidity of at least $500 million.
 
The Company completed multiple debt transactions in 2020 and 2019. Refer to the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—16. Debt” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” for further discussion of these transactions as well as information regarding the Company’s other debt obligations, including the maturity profile of borrowings and committed borrowing facilities, and further details regarding the Amendments.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 23% and 24% of the Company’s net debt portfolio was exposed to interest rate fluctuations, respectively. The Company’s exposure to floating rates of interest primarily relates to the Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2023 and Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $425.0 million (notional amount) in interest rate swaps that were no longer designated as hedging relationships and the fair value of the swaps is recognized in interest expense with no corresponding offset to debt. At December 31, 2019, the Company held $625.0 million (notional amount) in interest rate swaps that effectively convert $625.0 million of the 6.25% Notes from fixed interest rate debt to variable rate debt.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s cash balances by currency: 
 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
($ thousands)$%$%
Euros659,509 72.7 390,888 59.7 
U.S. dollars134,876 14.9 179,608 27.4 
Other currencies112,630 12.4 84,132 12.9 
Total Cash907,015 100.0 654,628 100.0 
 
The Company holds insignificant amounts of cash in countries where there may be restrictions on transfer due to regulatory or governmental bodies. Based on the Company’s review of such transfer restrictions and the cash balances held in such countries, it does not believe such transfer restrictions have an adverse impact on its ability to meet liquidity requirements at years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
 
Cash Flow Summary
 
The following table summarizes the statements of cash flows from continuing operations. A complete statement of cash flows is provided in the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. 
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ thousands)20202019$%
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations594,802 907,340 (312,538)(34.4)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(233,287)(247,542)14,255 5.8 
Net cash used in financing activities(437,859)(376,274)(61,585)(16.4)
Net cash flows of continuing operations(76,344)283,524 

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Analysis of Cash Flows
 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities from Continuing Operations

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company generated $594.8 million of net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations, a decrease of $312.5 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was principally attributed to a decline in operating income of $585.4 million.

Non-cash adjustments to net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $1.3 billion, compared to $825.7 million for the prior corresponding period. The principal drivers of the increase in non-cash adjustments were a $348.8 million increase in unfavorable foreign exchange losses, and a $296.0 million goodwill impairment charge incurred during the year, compared to a $99.0 million goodwill impairment charge incurred in the prior corresponding period.

Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased to $125.9 million, from $84.4 million in the prior corresponding period.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities from Continuing Operations

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company used $233.3 million of net cash for investing activities, a decrease of $14.3 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was principally attributed to a reduction of capital expenditures of $122.6 million, primarily attributable to overall economic slowdown from COVID-19.

Proceeds from the sale of assets for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $9.3 million, compared to $123.9 million from the prior corresponding period. During the prior year, the Company sold its investment in Yeonama, had sales of used, non-premium equipment, which were previously included within Systems & Equipment as part of a strategic agreement with a distributor in Oklahoma, and sold its Billbird subsidiary.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company used $437.9 million of net cash for financing activities, an increase of $61.6 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.

During 2020, cash flows used in financing activities primarily included proceeds from long-term debt of $750.0 million, principal payments on long-term debt of $988.4 million, dividends paid to shareholders of $40.9 million, dividends paid to non-controlling interests of $136.4 million, and returned $32.3 million of capital to non-controlling shareholders.

During 2019, cash flows used in financing activities primarily included proceeds from long-term debt of $1,397.0 million, principal payments on long-term debt of $1,264.6 million, dividends paid to shareholders of $163.5 million, dividends paid to non-controlling interests of $136.7 million, and returned $98.8 million of capital to non-controlling shareholders.

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Capital Expenditures
 
Capital expenditures are principally composed of:

•Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts;
•Intangible assets; and
•Property, plant and equipment.

The table below details total capital expenditures from continuing operations by business segment:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Global Lottery(176,111)(198,588)(234,585)
Global Gaming(75,578)(169,233)(226,717)
Business Segment Total(251,689)(367,821)(461,302)
Corporate and Other(3,000)(9,427)(10,976)
 (254,689)(377,248)(472,278)
 
Global Lottery
 
Capital expenditures for 2020, of $176.1 million, principally consist of $136.9 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in New Jersey, California, Michigan, Mississippi, and Kentucky; investments in intangible assets of $24.4 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $11.8 million.
Capital expenditures for 2019, of $198.6 million, principally consist of $160.7 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in New Jersey, California, Florida, Michigan, Texas, and South Dakota; investments in intangible assets of $31.2 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $6.6 million.

Capital expenditures for 2018, of $234.6 million, principally consist of $192.4 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in California, South Carolina, West Virginia, Florida, and New York; investments in intangible assets of $32.2 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $10.0 million.

Global Gaming

Capital expenditures for 2020, of $75.6 million, principally consist of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $47.4 million and Digital and Betting customers of $20.0 million.
Capital expenditures for 2019, of $169.2 million, principally consist of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $134.8 million, and other customers, principally in Europe, Africa, and Mexico of $18.6 million, and Digital and Betting customers of $11.1 million.
Capital expenditures for 2018, of $226.7 million, principally consist of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $148.1 million, and other customers, principally in Greece, Africa, and Mexico of $42.5 million, and Digital and Betting customers of $21.8 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $11.9 million.

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Tabular Disclosure of Cash Requirements
 
At December 31, 2020, the Company’s material cash requirements are as follows: 
 Payments due by period
($ thousands)TotalLess than 1 year1-3 years3-5 yearsmore than 5 years
Long-term debt (1)
8,299,006 392,672 3,158,909 1,713,550 3,033,875 
Jackpot liabilities (2)
251,695 71,143 52,046 34,193 94,313 
Operating leases (3)
422,817 63,964 104,473 83,212 171,168 
Finance leases (4)
47,834 12,729 16,661 10,294 8,150 
Total9,021,352 540,508 3,332,089 1,841,249 3,307,506 
(1) Long-term debt consists of the principal amount of long-term debt, including current portion, as included in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—16. Debt” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.” Certain of the Company’s long-term debt is denominated in euros.
(2) Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners and future winners.
(3) Operating leases principally relate to leases for facilities and equipment used in the Company’s business. The amounts presented include the imputed interest to the counterparties.
(4) Finance leases principally consist of the Company’s facility in Providence, Rhode Island and communications equipment used in its business. The amounts presented include the imputed interest to the counterparties.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has the following off-balance sheet arrangements:
 
Performance and other bonds
 
Certain contracts require us to provide a surety bond as a guarantee of performance for the benefit of customers; bid and litigation bonds for the benefit of potential customers; and WAP bonds that are used to secure our financial liability when a player elects to have their WAP jackpot winnings paid over an extended period of time.

These bonds give beneficiaries the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if certain specified events occur. In the case of performance bonds, which generally have a term of one year, such events include our failure to perform our obligations under the applicable contract(s). In general, we would only be liable for these guarantees in the event of default in our performance of our obligations under each contract, the probability of which we believe is remote.
 
Letters of Credit
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may obtain letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024 and under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities. The letters of credit secure various obligations, including obligations arising under customer contracts and real estate leases. The following table summarizes the letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the weighted-average annual cost of such letters of credit:
 
Letters of Credit Outstanding 
($ thousands)Not under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities		Under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities		TotalWeighted- 
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2020426,740 — 426,740 1.06 %
December 31, 2019402,300 — 402,300 1.02 %

D.    Research and Development, Patents, and Licenses, etc.

To remain competitive, the Company invests resources toward its R&D efforts to introduce new and innovative games with dynamic features to attract new customers and retain existing customers. The Company’s R&D efforts cover multiple creative and engineering disciplines, including creative game content, hardware, electrical, systems, and software for lottery, land-based, online social, and digital real-money applications.

R&D costs include salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation, consultants’ fees, facilities-related costs, material costs, depreciation, and travel, and are expensed as incurred.
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The Company devotes substantial resources to R&D and incurred $190.9 million, $266.2 million, and $263.3 million of related expenses in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

E.    Trend Information
 
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Operating Results” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — C. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

F.     Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
 
This annual report on Form 20-F includes forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the Company and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions, and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, dividends, results of operations, or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the management of the Company as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, such management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “shall,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” or the negative or other variations of them. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements and from past results, performance, or achievements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to):

•the possibility that the Parent will be unable to pay dividends to shareholders or that the amount of such dividends may be less than anticipated;
•the length, duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any resurgence of the pandemic, and the response of governments, including government-mandated property closures and travel restrictions;
•the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations or the operations of our customers and suppliers;
•the possibility that the Company may not achieve its anticipated financial results in one or more future periods;
•reductions in customer spending;
•a slowdown in customer payments and changes in customer demand for products and services as a result of changing
economic conditions or otherwise;
•unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in the industries in which the Company operates;
•the Company’s ability to hire and retain key personnel;
•the Company’s ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers in the manner anticipated;
•reliance on and integration of information technology systems;
•changes in legislation, governmental regulations, or the enforcement thereof that could affect the Company;
•enforcement of an interpretation of the Wire Act in such a manner as to prohibit or limit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged;
•the uncertainty of impacts from Brexit, including legal, regulatory and trade implications;
•the expected financial impact and timing of the divestiture of the Company’s Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, whether and when the required regulatory approvals for the divestiture will be obtained, the possibility that closing conditions for the divestiture may not be satisfied or waived, and whether the strategic benefits of the divestiture can be achieved;
•international, national, or local economic, social, or political conditions that could adversely affect the Company or its customers;
•conditions in the credit markets; risks associated with assumptions the Company makes in connection with its critical
accounting estimates;
•the resolution of pending and potential future legal, regulatory, or tax proceedings and investigations; and
•the Company’s international operations, which are subject to the risks of currency fluctuations and foreign
exchange controls.
 
The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those described in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” and other documents filed by the Parent from time to time with the SEC. Except as required under applicable law, the Company does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Nothing in this annual report is intended, or is to be construed, as a profit forecast or to be interpreted to mean that earnings per share of the Parent for the current or any future
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financial years will necessarily match or exceed the historical published earnings per share of the Parent, as applicable. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

Item 6.         Directors, Senior Management, and Employees

A.     Directors and Senior Management
 
As of February 24, 2021, the Parent’s board of directors (the “Board”) consists of 11 directors. Seven of the current directors were determined by the Board to be independent under the listing standards and rules of the NYSE, as required by the Articles of Association of the Parent (the “Articles”). For a director to be independent under the listing standards of the NYSE, the Board must affirmatively determine that the director has no material relationship with the Company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company). The Board has made an affirmative determination that the members of the Board so designated in the table below meet the standards for “independence” set forth in the Parent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and applicable NYSE rules. The Articles require that for as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Parent will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Parent is a foreign private issuer.
 
At February 24, 2021, the directors, certain senior managers, and the senior consultant are as set forth below:
Name Position
Lorenzo Pellicioli(1)
 Chairperson of the Board; Non-executive Director
James F. McCann Vice-Chairperson of the Board; Lead Independent Director; Non-executive Director
Beatrice H. Bassey Independent Non-executive Director
Massimiliano ChiaraDirector, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Alberto Dessy Independent Non-executive Director
Marco Drago(1)
 Non-executive Director
Heather J. McGregorIndependent Non-executive Director
Samantha F. RavichIndependent Non-executive Director
Vincent L. Sadusky Independent Non-executive Director
Marco Sala(1)
 Director and Chief Executive Officer
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos Independent Non-executive Director
Renato Ascoli 
Chief Executive Officer, Global Gaming
Fabio Cairoli 
Chief Executive Officer, Global Lottery
Walter BugnoExecutive Vice President, New Business and Strategic Initiatives
Fabio CeladonExecutive Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development
Dorothy CostaSenior Vice President, People & Transformation
Scott GunnSenior Vice President, Corporate Public Affairs
Wendy MontgomerySenior Vice President, Global Brand, Marketing and Communications
Timothy M. Rishton(2)
 Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
Christopher SpearsSenior Vice President, General Counsel
Robert Vincent(3)
 Chairperson of IGT Global Solutions Corporation
(1) Messrs. Pellicioli and Drago are the chief executive officer and chairperson of the board, respectively, of De Agostini. Mr. Sala was appointed to the board of De Agostini on June 27, 2020.
(2) Timothy M. Rishton was previously Interim Chief Financial Officer until Massimiliano Chiara’s appointment as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on April 6, 2020.
(3) IGT Global Solutions Corporation is the primary operating subsidiary for the Company’s U.S. lottery business. Mr. Vincent’s title is honorary and he serves as a senior consultant to Mr. Sala and the rest of the Company’s senior leadership team.

On May 16, 2018, the Board approved the observer agreement (the “Observer Agreement”) between De Agostini and the Company permitting De Agostini to appoint an observer to attend meetings of the Parent’s directors. Effective November 12, 2019, the Observer Agreement was renewed for a two-year term and Paolo Ceretti, a former director of the Parent, acknowledged and agreed to his renewed appointment by De Agostini as an observer pursuant to the terms of the Observer Agreement. The Observer Agreement expires following the meeting of the Parent’s directors at which the financial results for the third quarter of 2021 are reviewed.
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Directors
Lorenzo Pellicioli, 69, has served as Chairperson of the Board since November 2018, before which he served as Vice-Chairperson of the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015. From August 2006 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Pellicioli served on the GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group) board of directors as Chairman from August 2006 to April 2015. Mr. Pellicioli has served as Chief Executive Officer of De Agostini since November 2005.

Mr. Pellicioli started his career as a journalist for the newspaper Giornale Di Bergamo and afterwards he became Bergamo TV Programmes Vice President. From 1978 to 1984, he held different posts in the sector of the Italian private television for Manzoni Pubblicità, Publikompass up to his nomination as Rete4 General Manager. In 1984, he joined the Gruppo Mondadori Espresso, the first Italian publishing group. He was initially appointed General Manager for Advertising Sales and Mondadori Periodici (magazines) Vice General Manager and afterwards President and CEO of Manzoni & C. S.p.A, advertising rep of the Group.

From 1990 to 1997, he was appointed first President and CEO of Costa Cruise Lines in Miami, being part of Costa Crociere Group operating in the North American market (USA, Canada and Mexico) and then became Worldwide General Manager of Costa Crociere S.p.A., based in Genoa. From 1995 to 1997 he was also appointed President and CEO of the Compagnie Francaise de Croisières (Costa-Paquet), the Paris-based subsidiary of Costa Crociere.

In 1997, he took part to the privatization of SEAT Pagine Gialle purchased by a group of financial investors. After the acquisition he was appointed CEO of SEAT. In February 2000, he also managed the “Internet Business Unit” of the Telecom Italia Group following the sale of SEAT. In September 2001, following the acquisition of Telecom Italia by the Pirelli Group, he resigned. Since November 2005 he has been CEO of the De Agostini Group, an Italian financial group with ownership in the publishing sector (De Agostini Editore), games and lotteries (IGT PLC), media and communications (Atresmedia - Spanish television leader, Banijay Group - a leading company in the production and distribution of television and media content) and financial investments (DeA Capital).

He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of DeA Capital, a member of the Board of Directors of Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A., and a member of the Advisory Board of Palamon Capital Partners. He was formerly also a member of the Boards of Directors of Enel, INA-Assitalia, and Toro Assicurazioni and of the Advisory Board of Lehman Brothers Merchant Banking.

On April 3, 2017 he was honored with the title of Chevalier dans l’ordre de la Légion d’Honneur.
James F. McCann, 69, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is currently the Vice Chairperson, Lead Independent Director and is Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. He is the Chairman of 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc., and previously served as Chief Executive Officer, a position he held since 1976. He is also Chairman and CEO of Clarim Acquisition, a blank check company targeting consumer-facing e-commerce which was founded in 2020. Mr. McCann previously served as director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Willis Towers Watson until his retirement in May 2019. He previously served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Willis Towers Watson from January 4, 2016 to January 1, 2019. Previously he served as Director (2004-2015) and non-executive Chairman (2013-2015) of Willis Group Holdings PLC (“Willis Group”). Prior to serving as the non-executive Chairman of the board of Willis Group, he served as the company’s presiding independent director. Mr. McCann has served on the board of Amyris, Inc. since 2019, including as a member of the Audit Committee and the Operations and Finance Committee.

He previously served as a director and compensation committee member of Lottomatica S.p.A. (from August 2006 to April 2011), and as a director of Gateway, Inc., The Boyds Collection, Ltd and Scott’s Miracle-Gro.
Beatrice H. Bassey, 49, has served on the Board since March 2020 and is a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. She is the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary at Atlas Mara Limited, a publicly listed financial services company that operates banks in various parts of Africa, responsible in overseeing compliance, corporate governance and legal affairs across all its subsidiaries as well as leading on Atlas Mara’s acquisition and integration activities. In addition, she serves as Chair of the Board of Union Bank of Nigeria plc, a publicly listed bank regulated by the Nigerian Central Bank and the U.K. Prudential Regulatory Authority. She is a member of the board of African Banking Corporation of Botswana Limited, a publicly listed bank, where she also sits on the remuneration, risk & compliance and audit committees. She also serves as a member of the board of Banque Populaire du Rwanda, where she chairs the credit committee, and also sits on the remuneration and risk and compliance committees. Prior to her joining Atlas Mara, Mrs. Bassey was a Senior Partner in the New York offices of Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, where she was a member of the Executive Committee.

Mrs. Bassey holds an LL.B in Law from University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, a BL in Law from the Nigerian Law School and an LL.M from Harvard Law School. She was called to the Nigerian Bar in 1995 and the New York Bar in 1999. She is a member of the London Court of International Arbitration, and also a Fellow of the David Rockefeller Fellows Program of the Partnership for New York City.
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Massimiliano Chiara, 52, has served on the Board of Directors since May 2020, and as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since April 2020. Before joining the Company, Mr. Chiara served as Chief Financial Officer of CNH Industrial since September 2013. Max was also named the Chief Sustainability Officer at CNH Industrial in 2016, and he also served since 2017 as head of Mergers & Acquisitions for CNH Industrial. Between 2009 and 2013, Mr. Chiara served in various positions with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (and its predecessors) as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development in Latin America, Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis and Business Development Finance, VP Finance Brands and Marketing Controller, and served as Director of Business Development Finance for its engine business unit Fiat Powertrain between 2007 and 2009. Earlier in his career, Mr. Chiara held various managerial roles at Teksid Aluminum, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Robert Bosch, the Wuerth Group, and was a M&A financial analyst with Dresdner Kleinwort Benson.

Mr. Chiara graduated from the Luigi Bocconi University in Milan (Italy), with a degree in Business Administration Cum Laude, and has a CEMS Master’s degree in International Management from the Bocconi University and the University of Cologne (Germany). Mr. Chiara also held the position of Chairman of the Italian Association of Corporate Treasurers (AITI) for the years 2004-2007.
Alberto Dessy, 68, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015 and is a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. He is currently a Professor at Bocconi University. Mr. Dessy is a Chartered Accountant who specializes in corporate finance, particularly the evaluation of companies, trademarks, equity and investments, financial structure, channels and loan instruments, funding for development and in acquisitions and disposals of companies. He has been an expert witness for parties to lawsuits and as an independent expert appointed by the court in various legal disputes.

He has previously served on the boards of many companies, both listed and unlisted, including Chiorino S.p.A., Redaelli Tecna S.p.A., Laika Caravans S.p.A., Premuda S.p.A., I.M.A. S.p.A., Milano Centro S.p.A., and DeA Capital S.p.A. Mr. Dessy graduated from Bocconi University and is a member of the distinguished faculty in corporate finance at the SDA Bocconi School of Management.
Marco Drago, 75, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015. From 2002 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Drago served on the board of directors of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Since 1997, Mr. Drago has been the Chairman of De Agostini, one of Italy’s largest family-run groups. Since July 2018 he has been the President of The Board of Directors of B&D Holding S.p.A. (formerly B&D Holding di Marco Drago e C.S.a.p.A., of which he had been President of the Board of Partners since 2006). He is also Vice Chairman of Planeta De Agostini Group, Director of Atresmedia, DeA Capital S.p.A., Honorary Chairman of De Agostini Editore S.p.A. and member of the S. Faustin (Techint Group) board.

Mr. Drago graduated in Economics and Business at Università Bocconi in Milan in 1969. He started his career that same year in the family company joining Istituto Geografico De Agostini. In 1997 he replaced Achille Boroli as Chairman of De Agostini Holding S.p.A., having previously served as Executive Officer and Managing Director. He has received important awards such as “Bocconiano dell’anno” in 2001, and was made “Cavaliere del Lavoro” in 2003.
Prof. Heather J. McGregor, 58, was appointed to the Board in March of 2017 and is a member of the Audit Committee. She is the Executive Dean of the Edinburgh Business School, the business school of Heriot Watt University in the U.K. In addition, Professor McGregor is a director of Non-Standard Finance PLC, a company specializing in offering consumer loans in the U.K. Professor McGregor has a Ph.D. from the University of Hong Kong in Structured Finance and is an experienced writer and broadcaster, including writing for the Financial Times for 17 years, and is currently a weekly columnist in the Sunday Times. Professor McGregor is also the founder of the Taylor Bennett Foundation, which works to promote diversity in the communications industry, and a founding member of the steering committee of the 30% Club, which is working to raise the representation of women at senior levels within the U.K.’s publicly listed companies.

In June 2015, Professor McGregor was made a Commander of the British Empire for her services to diversity and employment. In February 2017, she was appointed by the U.K. Government to be a member of the Honours Committee for the Economy.
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Dr. Samantha F. Ravich, 54, was appointed to the Board in July of 2019 and is a member of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. She is a defense and intelligence policy and tech entrepreneur and the Chair of the Center on Cyber and Technology Innovation at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and its Transformative Cyber Innovation Lab; the Vice Chair of the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board; a Commissioner on the Congressionally-mandated Cyberspace Solarium Commission; and a member of the Secretary of Energy’s Advisory Board. Dr. Ravich is also a managing partner at A2P, LLC, a technology company that focuses on advanced advertising techniques, and a Board Governor at the Gemological Institute of America. Previously, she was the Republican Co-Chair of the Congressionally-mandated National Commission for Review of Research and Development Programs in the United States Intelligence Community and served as Deputy National Security Advisor for Vice President Cheney.

Dr. Ravich received her Ph.D. in Policy Analysis from the RAND Graduate School and her MCP/BSE from the University of Pennsylvania/Wharton School and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Association of Corporate Directors.
Vincent L. Sadusky, 55, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is Chair of the Audit Committee. Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Sadusky served on the International Game Technology board of directors from July 2010 to April 2015. He formerly served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Univision Communications Inc., the largest Hispanic media company in the U.S. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Media General, Inc., one of the U.S.’s largest owners of television stations, from December 2014 until January 2017, following the company’s merger with LIN Media LLC. Mr. Sadusky served as President and Chief Executive Officer of LIN Media LLC from 2006 to 2014 and was Chief Financial Officer from 2004 to 2006. Prior to joining LIN Media LLC, he held several management positions, including Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, at Telemundo Communications, Inc. from 1994 to 2004, and from 1987 to 1994, he performed attestation and consulting services with Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. Sadusky formerly served on the board of directors of Hemisphere Media Group, Inc. Previously, he served on the Open Mobile Video Coalition, to which he served as President from 2011 until its integration into the National Association of Broadcasters in January 2013. He formerly served on the boards of directors of JVB Financial Group, LLC, Maximum Service Television, Inc., Media General, Inc., LIN Media LLC and NBC Affiliates.

Mr. Sadusky earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Pennsylvania State University where he was a University Scholar. He earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the New York Institute of Technology.
Marco Sala, 61, has served as a member of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since its admission to the listing on the NYSE in 2015. Before then and since 2009, Mr. Sala served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of predecessor GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Prior to the Company's admission to the listing on the NYSE in 2015, Mr. Sala served on the Board of Directors of Lottomatica since 2003, when he joined as Co-General Manager, before being appointed Managing Director with responsibility for the Italian Operations and other European activities since 2006.

In June 2020, Mr. Sala was appointed to the Board of Directors of De Agostini. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Save the Children Italia, the Italian extension of the worldwide non-profit organization, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Rome Biomedical Campus University Foundation, a non-profit organization in charge of promoting scientific research and of supporting the Biomedical Campus University of Rome. Until June 2019, Mr. Sala served as a member of the Board of Directors of OPAP S.A., a Greek gaming and sports betting operator.

Before joining the Company, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Buffetti, Italy’s leading office equipment and supply retail chain. Prior to Buffetti, Mr. Sala served as Head of the Italian Business Directories Division for SEAT Pagine Gialle. He was later promoted to Head of Business Directories with responsibility for a number of international companies, such as Thomson (Great Britain), Euredit (France), and Kompass (Italy). Earlier in his career, he worked as Head of the Spare Parts Divisions at Magneti Marelli (a Fiat Group company) and soon after he became Head of the Lubricants Divisions. Additionally, he held various marketing positions at Kraft Foods. Mr. Sala graduated from Bocconi University in Milan, majoring in Business and Economics.
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos, 61, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is Chair of the Compensation Committee. From 2006 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Tondato da Ruos served as a Lead Independent Director of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Mr. Tondato da Ruos has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Autogrill S.p.A. since April 2003. He joined Autogrill Group in 2000, and moved to the United States to manage the integration of the North American subsidiary HMSHost and successfully implemented a strategic refocusing on concessions and diversification into new business sectors, distribution channels, and geographies.

Mr. Tondato da Ruos is Chairman of HMSHost Corporation, of Autogrill Italia S.p.A. and of Autogrill Europe S.p.A. He has been a director of Autogrill since March 2003, and sits on the advisory board of Rabobank (Hollande). He was formerly Chairman of World Duty Free S.p.A. and a director of World Duty Free Group S.A.U. Mr. Tondato da Ruos graduated with a degree in economics from Ca’Foscari University of Venice.
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Senior Management
Renato Ascoli, 59, is Chief Executive Officer, Global Gaming, and is responsible for the IGT Gaming business. This includes PlayDigital, Sports, Italy Gaming, Global Gaming Sales, Global Gaming Product Management, Global Gaming Studios, Global Manufacturing, Operations and Services including Global Gaming Technology. Prior to his appointment as CEO, Global Gaming, Mr. Ascoli served as CEO, North America of IGT. In this capacity, other than serving all North America Customers, he held global responsibility for product development, manufacturing, product management, technology and delivery of all the Company’s portfolio outside Italy: gaming, digital, and lottery.

Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Ascoli served as General Manager of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly known as Lottomatica Group) and President of GTECH Products and Services, where he was responsible for overseeing the design, development, and delivery of state-of-the-art platforms, products, and services. He supported all stages of the sales process, and provided marketing and technology leadership to optimize investment decisions. Prior to this role, Mr. Ascoli served as Head of Italian Operations. In this position, he was responsible for the strategic direction and operations of the Company’s Italian businesses. He joined GTECH S.p.A. in 2006 as Director of the Gaming division.

From 1992 to 2005, Mr. Ascoli worked for the national railway system Ferrovie dello Stato/Trenitalia, where he held roles of increasing responsibility including head of Administration, Budget, and Control of the Local Transport Division; head of Strategies, Planning, and Control of the Transport Area; and head of the Passengers Commercial Unit. In 2000, he was appointed Marketing Director of the Passengers Division, and later served as Director of Operations and Passengers Division. He also was head of International Development for Trenitalia. Earlier in his career, he led international marketing efforts for Fincentro Group - Armando Curcio Editore, where he was responsible for commercial development of the publishing assets of Fincentro Group. He was also responsible for defining the strategic and management assets of the many companies comprising Fincentro Group. Mr. Ascoli also served as a consultant to Ambrosetti Group, supporting the internationalization process (Spain, England, and U.S.A.). He graduated from Bocconi University in Milan, majoring in Economics and Social Studies.
Fabio Cairoli, 55, is Chief Executive Officer, Global Lottery, and is responsible for the IGT Lottery business. This includes Global Lottery Sales and Operations, Global Lottery Product and Sales Development, Global Lottery Technology and Support. Prior to this role, Mr. Cairoli served as Chief Executive Officer, Italy, where he was responsible for managing all business lines, marketing services, and sales for the Company’s Italian operations. Through his leadership of the largest lottery operator in the world, Mr. Cairoli shares insights and best practices with other organizations in the Company. Mr. Cairoli joined the Company in 2012 as Senior Vice President of Business. He has more than 20 years of experience in consumer goods for multinational organizations, with both local and international expertise. He served as Group General Manager and Board Member of Bialetti Industrie, a world-renowned Italian manufacturer and retailer of stovetop coffee (espresso) makers and small household electrical appliances. During his tenure at Bialetti, he was responsible for turning around the business by refocusing strategy, streamlining costs, and optimizing the product portfolio and retail presence.

Prior to Bialetti, Mr. Cairoli served as General Manager of Star Alimentare, a major Italian food company, and successfully relaunched a historical brand. Additionally, he spent part of his career with Julius Meinl Italia and with Motorola Mobile Devices Italy. He also spent 10 years with Kraft Foods in Italy and the U.K. in various capacities. Mr. Cairoli holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the Catholic University in Milan.
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Walter Bugno, 61, is Executive Vice President, New Business and Strategic Initiatives, and is responsible for leading business development in jurisdictions where IGT is not present, and where — while there may be a company presence — there is no defined product segment presence. Additionally, the New Business and Strategic Initiatives group, under Mr. Bugno’s leadership, is responsible for managing new in-country initiatives during the start-up phase and offering on-demand commercial support globally for key accounts with multiple product requirements. He is also responsible for managing key strategic initiatives within existing jurisdictions as needed and as determined by company leadership.

Prior to this role, Mr. Bugno served as Chief Executive Officer, International, where he was responsible for the management and strategic development of the International region. He worked directly with the Company’s management teams to implement the Company’s vision through the ongoing delivery of value to customers, shareholders, and employees. Mr. Bugno led the Company’s lottery, gaming, and interactive businesses throughout Europe (except Italy), as well as in the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region. He also oversaw private manager agreement opportunities across these regions. He joined GTECH S.p.A. (formerly known as Lottomatica Group) in July 2010 as President and CEO of SPIELO International. He led the business by capitalizing on the many growth opportunities in the gaming industry, and overseeing the Company’s long-term strategic direction. In 2012, Mr. Bugno’s portfolio expanded to include the Company’s interactive business. Under his leadership, SPIELO experienced substantial growth and became a major contributor to the Company’s total earnings. From 2006 to 2009, Mr. Bugno was the CEO of Casinos for Tabcorp Holdings Limited, Australia’s premier gambling and entertainment group. During his tenure with Tabcorp, Mr. Bugno transformed the business from being product-driven to customer-driven by revitalizing the customer casino experience with new loyalty programs, products, and customer service. Some of his successes included a new 12-year exclusive casino license with the New South Wales government, expansion of gaming products, and increases in market share.

Prior to Tabcorp, Mr. Bugno was President of Campbell Soup Company in Asia Pacific from 2002 to 2006. He was responsible for Campbell’s food products, manufacturing, and distribution. He was previously Managing Director of Lion Nathan Australia, a division of Lion, one of Australasia’s leading beverage and food companies. Mr. Bugno grew up in Australia and Italy, and has Bachelor of Commerce and Master of Commerce degrees from the University of New South Wales, Australia.
Fabio Celadon, 49, is Executive Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development, and is responsible for IGT’s Strategy, Mergers and Acquisitions and Competitive Intelligence functions. Under his direction, the organization monitors industry and competitive trends in IGT’s core and adjacent markets; develops IGT’s portfolio strategy; identifies key portfolio initiatives and supports the business unit CEOs in the identification and execution of their business unit strategic initiatives; executes the Group’s M&A strategy (mergers, acquisitions, JVs and divestitures), managing deal evaluation, structuring and negotiation, and coordinating internal cross-functional teams as well as external advisors.

Mr. Celadon most recently served as Senior Vice President, Gaming Portfolio, with responsibility for monitoring relevant technological advancements and market and competitive trends; consolidating the Company’s global research and development plan and related allocation of budgets and resources; evolving the Company’s content portfolio and consolidating hardware and content roadmaps; and, monitoring product performance and results.

Mr. Celadon previously served as Managing Director, IGT Greater China and Senior Vice President, IGT International. In this role, he was responsible for managing IGT’s business and operations across lotteries, video lotteries, sports betting and interactive, and mobile gaming in Greater China. He was also responsible for the strategic development of IGT’s business in Greater China, India, and Japan.

Prior to April 2015, Mr. Celadon served as Senior Vice President of Group Strategy and Corporate Development for GTECH S.p.A., where he was responsible for developing GTECH’s overall corporate strategy, identifying and evaluating key strategic growth initiatives, and executing the corporate development strategy through mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and divestitures. Mr. Celadon has also held several strategy, corporate development, and finance positions since he joined Lottomatica Group, GTECH’s predecessor-company, in 2002. Mr. Celadon served as CFO of Lottomatica from 2002 to 2004. Following the acquisition of GTECH by Lottomatica, he relocated to the U.S. where he held the position of GTECH Vice President of New Market Development before being promoted to Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning in 2008.

Prior to joining Lottomatica, he was a partner with Atlantis Capital Partners, a private equity firm, and prior to that, he worked for Morgan Stanley in London in the mergers and acquisitions department. Mr. Celadon holds a Law Degree from LUISS Guido Carli University and an MBA from Columbia Business School in New York.
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Dorothy Costa, 49, is Senior Vice President, People & Transformation, and has strategic oversight for the IGT People and Transformation function, including all senior strategic business partners and the total rewards, diversity & inclusion, organization transformation and global services and talent management centers of excellence.

Ms. Costa has more than 26 years of Human Resources experience, with 22 in the lottery and gaming industry. Prior to her current role, Ms. Costa was IGT’s Vice President of People & Transformation, where she had worldwide responsibility as the Human Resources Business Partner supporting the North America business unit that includes both gaming and lottery within IGT. She also served as Senior Director of Human Resources for the Products & Services organization, which consisted of product marketing and technology solutions for lottery, gaming, interactive, and betting, as well as HR Business Partner for all corporate functions within the Company. Her areas of responsibility within these groups included staffing, compensation, employee relations, talent development, succession planning, and executive coaching. Early in her career, she worked for Citizens Financial Group in various HR roles in Rhode Island.

Ms. Costa holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management from Rhode Island College, and an MBA in Organizational Leadership from Johnson & Wales University in Providence, RI. She also completed the Advanced Human Resource Executive Program at the University of Michigan, Michigan Ross School of Business Executive Education.
Scott Gunn, 54, is Senior Vice President, Corporate Public Affairs, and is responsible for the Company’s public affairs related to government relations strategy, and is instrumental in directing and facilitating government relationships and public engagement to advance global business interests for the Company. Mr. Gunn has been with the Company for more than 25 years, and has held positions in operations, sales, business development, and public affairs. Prior to his current role, he was Senior Vice President of Global Government Relations and North America Lottery Business Development, overseeing worldwide government relations strategy and managing the Company’s global network of government relations resources, as well as pursuing public sector market opportunities for the Company’s various lines of business in North America.

Mr. Gunn began his career at a public affairs firm in Washington, D.C. He was also an Associate at National Media Inc., where he worked on media strategy for state and federal political campaigns. He has held various positions within national and state political party organizations, and has been involved with several U.S. presidential campaigns. Mr. Gunn serves on the Board of Advisors to Reviver Auto, is chairperson of the Company’s Political Action Committee, and is a member of the Company’s Executive Diversity and Inclusion Council. He has a bachelor’s degree in Political Economics from Tulane University.
Wendy Montgomery, 58, is Senior Vice President, Global Brand, Marketing and Communications, and oversees the strategy for the Company’s global brand, trade shows, product marketing, and external communications, including community relations, responsible gaming, and corporate social responsibility. Prior to joining the Company in 2018 as Senior Vice President of Global Lottery Marketing, Ms. Montgomery spent 13 years at the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation where she led marketing, sales, operations, policy and planning, and the iGaming business. Her previous experience spans multiple industries, including in the entertainment business in her role as Vice President and General Manager, W Network, under Corus Entertainment, Inc., and before that, in the telecommunications field as Vice President of Marketing with Star Choice Communications, Inc. She has also held leadership roles in apparel, consumer products, and food categories, and has previously lived and worked in South Africa, Israel, Eastern Europe, Canada, and the United States.

Ms. Montgomery is a graduate of the Executive Leadership Program at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. She holds a diploma in Marketing Management from the Institute of Marketing Management in Johannesburg, South Africa, as well as a Higher National Diploma in Business Studies from Greenwich University in London, U.K.
Timothy M. Rishton, 55, is Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer, and is responsible for overseeing Accounting and Tax, including developing and maintaining systems and internal controls over financial reporting; and the preparation of the Company's consolidated annual reporting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Mr. Rishton served as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer from January 2020 through April 2020.

Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Rishton served as the Chief Accounting Officer for GTECH S.p.A. Mr. Rishton has been with the Company (and predecessor GTECH) since 1995, and over his 25 years with the Company, he has held a series of roles with increasing responsibility, including Vice President - Finance, Assistant Corporate Controller and Director of Accounting.

Before joining the Company, Mr. Rishton held various roles at Acushnet Company and Ernst & Young, where he provided assurance services to publicly listed and private company clients in a variety of industries. Mr. Rishton is a member of The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Rhode Island Society of CPA’s.

Mr. Rishton received his bachelor’s degree in Accounting from the University of Rhode Island.
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Christopher Spears, 53, is Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and is responsible for leading IGT’s global legal strategy and function. In this role he is responsible for managing IGT’s internal legal team and outside legal advisors, providing counsel to IGT’s board of directors and executive leadership team and managing IGT’s legal issues across a wide range of global subject matter areas including corporate governance, compliance, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, intellectual property, licensing and commercial and operational issues.

Mr. Spears has over 25 years of legal experience with a focus on supporting the broad legal needs of global businesses, including corporate governance, securities, capital markets, mergers and acquisitions, compliance, intellectual property and litigation. Prior to joining IGT in 2017, Mr. Spears served in a series of roles of increasing responsibility at Caterpillar Inc., including as Deputy General Counsel with responsibility for global commercial law matters, corporate governance and mergers and acquisitions, Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer with responsibility for global compliance and General Counsel – Asia-Pacific based in Singapore. Before joining Caterpillar Inc., Mr. Spears was in private practice with a focus on mergers and acquisitions, securities and corporate law.

Mr. Spears holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from Berea College and MBA and Juris Doctorate degrees from the University of Kentucky.

Senior Consultant
Robert Vincent, 66, is Chairperson of IGT Global Solutions Corporation, the primary operating subsidiary for the U.S. lottery business, and represents the Company when interacting with global customers, current and potential partners, and government officials. He also serves as a senior counselor to Chief Executive Officer Marco Sala and the rest of the Company's senior leadership team.
Previously, Mr. Vincent served as the Company's Executive Vice President for Administrative Services and External Relations. He oversaw global external and internal corporate communications, media relations, branding, and social responsibility programs. He also led a centralized Administrative Services organization that included information security, global procurement, real estate/facilities, food services, environmental health and safety, and facility security and monitoring. In addition, he was involved in selected business development projects, and supported activities in compliance, investor relations, marketing communications, and government relations. Prior to that, he served as the Company's Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Public Affairs.
Before April 2015, Mr. Vincent had been affiliated with GTECH S.p.A. for more than 20 years, having served as an external consultant; as Vice President of Business Development for Dreamport, GTECH’s former gaming and entertainment subsidiary; and as Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Public Affairs for GTECH S.p.A.
Before joining the Company, he was a senior partner at RDW Group, a regional advertising and public relations company in Rhode Island. He also held senior policy and administrative positions with Rhode Island-based governments, including the Governor’s Office, Secretary of State’s Office, and the Providence Mayor’s Office. In addition, he has staffed community and government affairs efforts at Brown University in Providence.
Active in the community, Mr. Vincent serves on the Boards of the University of Rhode Island Foundation, Rhode Island Hospital Foundation, Family Service of Rhode Island, and the URI Harrington School of Communication.
Mr. Vincent received his bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Rhode Island.

There are no familial relationships among any of the Parent’s directors, senior managers or the senior consultant set forth above.

B.    Compensation
 
Non-Executive Director Compensation
 
The Parent’s compensation policy for non-executive directors is to provide an annual cash retainer payable in quarterly tranches as well as a restricted stock unit (“RSU”) award vesting on an annual basis. Additional cash retainers are provided for the non-executive directors serving as Chairpersons of the Board and/or the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee as well as the Lead Independent Director. Awards to non-executive directors under the Long-Term Incentive (“LTI”) Compensation Plan (“LTIP”) vest over the service period of the award.

LTIP - Annual Equity Awards for Continuing Non-Executive Directors
 
On the date of each annual meeting of the Parent’s shareholders (“AGM”) each non-executive director continuing to serve after that date will automatically be granted an award of RSUs which vest on the AGM date of the next financial year. The number of RSUs covered by each such award will be determined by dividing (1) the Annual Equity Award grant value by (2) the closing price of an ordinary share as of the date of grant (rounded down to the nearest whole unit).

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LTIP - Initial Equity Awards for New Non-Executive Directors

Each new non-executive director will be granted an award of RSUs determined by dividing (1) a pro-rata portion of the Annual Equity Award value by (2) the closing share price as of the date of grant. The pro-rata portion of the Annual Equity Award value will equal the Annual Equity Award value multiplied by the fraction which results from the following formula:
X - Y
X
where:

•X is the number of days in the period beginning with (and including) the date of the AGM immediately preceding the appointment date (the Previous AGM) and ending on (and including) the date of the AGM immediately after the appointment date (the Next AGM); and
•Y is the number of days in the period beginning with (and including) the date of the Previous AGM and ending on (and including) the appointment date.

Initial equity awards granted to non-executive directors will vest on the date of the AGM that first occurs after the grant date.

Annual Compensation
Position
Fees ($)(1)
RSUs ($)(2)
Non-executive Director100,000 200,000 
Chairperson additional compensation50,000 50,000 
Lead Independent Director additional compensation20,000 20,000 
Committee Chairpersons additional compensation:
    Audit Committee40,000 — 
    Compensation Committee30,000 — 
    Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee20,000 — 
(1) All fees are established in USD but paid quarterly in GBP, with the amount paid converted from USD to GBP based on the exchange rate in effect on the date of processing the payment.
(2) The number of RSUs granted is calculated by dividing the grant value listed in this column by the closing share price as of the date of grant.


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2020 Plan Year Actual Compensation

The following table sets forth the approximate compensation received or earned, calculated in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and relevant regulations, as applicable, by the Company’s non-executive directors during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Name & Position(s)(1)
Fees ($)
Taxable Benefits ($)(2)
RSUs ($)(3)
Total
Lorenzo Pellicioli
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Board
150,000 — 345,662 495,662 
James F. McCann
Non-executive Director
Vice-Chairperson of the Board
Lead Independent Director
Chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
140,000 20,478 304,180 464,658 
Paget L. Alves(4)
Non-executive Director
48,974 9,441 — 58,415 
Beatrice H. Bassey(5)
Non-executive Director
78,077 — 330,552 408,629 
Alberto Dessy(6)
Non-executive Director
109,377 — 276,537 385,914 
Marco Drago
Non-executive Director
100,000 — 276,537 376,537 
Heather J. McGregor
Non-executive Director
100,000 — 276,537 376,537 
Dr. Samantha Ravich
Non-executive Director
100,000 — 276,537 376,537 
Vincent L. Sadusky
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Audit Committee
140,000 6,720 276,537 423,257 
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Compensation Committee
130,000 — 276,537 406,537 
(1) Marco Sala, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Massimiliano (Max) Chiara, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, also serve on the board of directors, but do not receive any additional compensation for such service. Please see the Executive Officer Compensation section below for information regarding Mr. Sala and Mr. Chiara’s compensation.
(2) Relates to reimbursable meal and travel expenses for attending Board of Director meetings in the U.K.
(3) Amount reflects the number of RSUs granted at the 2020 AGM multiplied by $12.14, the three-month ending stock price as of December 31, 2020. The RSUs vest on the date of the 2021 AGM. Ms. Bassey’s RSU also includes a pro-rated award for her services from March 20, 2020 to June 25, 2020, the amount of which is equal to the number of shares granted times the stock price on the vesting date, $8.78.
(4) Mr. Alves did not stand for re-election at the 2020 AGM and his term ended on June 25, 2020. Mr. Alves received a prorated amount of compensation for his services during the year.
(5) Ms. Bassey was appointed to the board of directors on March 20, 2020 and received a prorated amount of compensation for her services during the year.
(6) Includes a 4% stipend related to Italian regulatory requirements.

Executive Officer Compensation
 
Total Executive Officer Compensation

The following table sets forth the approximate 2020 compensation received or earned, calculated in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and relevant regulations, as applicable, by the Company’s executive officers as of December 31, 2020, including Marco Sala, CEO; Renato Ascoli, CEO, Global Gaming; Walter Bugno, Executive Vice President of New Business and Strategic Initiatives; Fabio Cairoli, CEO Global Lottery; Fabio Celadon, Executive Vice President of Strategy and Corporate Development; Massimiliano (Max) Chiara, Executive Vice President and CFO; Dorothy Costa, Senior Vice President, People & Transformation; Scott Gunn, Senior Vice President of Corporate Public Affairs; Wendy Montgomery, Senior Vice President, Global Brand, Marketing and Communications; and Christopher Spears, Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Also included is compensation paid to Alberto Fornaro, former Executive Vice President and CFO who resigned from the Company effective January 31, 2020; Mario Di Loreto, who served as Executive Vice President of People & Transformation until April 6, 2020 and as Senior Advisor to IGT Group CEO effective April 6, 2020 until his resignation on December 31, 2020; Timothy Rishton, Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, who served as interim CFO upon
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Mr. Fornaro’s departure on January 31, 2020 until Mr. Chiara joined the Company on April 6, 2020; and Robert Vincent, Chairperson of IGT Global Solutions Corporation who provides consulting services to the Company, the fees for which are included as “Other” compensation in the table below.
Name
Salary
($)(1)
2020 Bonus
($)(2)
Equity
Awards
($)(3)
Other
($)(4)(5)
Total
($)
Marco Sala,
Chief Executive Officer		979,998—3,368,9471,476,8725,825,817
Max Chiara,
Chief Financial Officer		453,846—1,054,735795,4652,304,046
Other Executive Officers &
Senior Consultant		3,974,608—5,067,1279,240,73718,282,472
(1) Mr. Sala’s annual salary is $1,000,000 paid monthly, of which 70% is paid in GBP and 30% in EUR, both of which are converted using fiscal year-to-date exchange rates. In addition to base salary, the amount includes true-up payments related to foreign currency fluctuations and tax equalization, per his employment contract. Mr. Sala’s 2020 salary also reflects a 50% reduction from the April 2020 to September 2020 period.
Mr. Chiara’s annual salary is $800,000 paid bi-weekly. He joined the Company in April 2020, therefore his salary reflects a prorated annual amount as well as a 30% reduction for the April 2020 to September 2020 period.
(2) The short-term incentive plan (STIP) was cancelled for the 2020 fiscal year.
(3) Amount reflects the number of RSUs granted in 2020 multiplied by $12.14, the three-month ending stock price as of December 31, 2020. The performance-based PSUs subject to the 2018 to 2020 performance period did not meet threshold achievement and therefore no shares will vest with respect to such performance-based PSUs.
(4) Represents the value of certain health, welfare and other benefits received by the executive officers during 2020 (including tax preparation, employer contributions to post-retirement plans, relocation benefits and taxable life insurance premiums paid). Also includes car allowances, housing allowances, and perquisites. Mr. Sala’s other compensation also includes tax equalization of $228,363 related to benefits received in 2020. Mr. Chiara’s other compensation also includes $500,000, the first installment of a $2.0 million bonus to be paid in four equal installments, provided to compensate Mr. Chiara for his forfeited compensation at his previous employer. The amount in Other Executive Officers & Senior Consultant also includes severance and benefits payments to Mr. Di Loreto pursuant to his separation agreement and consulting fees paid to Mr. Vincent.
(5) Mr. Sala’s 2020 compensation includes a $766,717 pension contribution related to his 2019 STIP. In future periods, the Company will report any accrued pension contribution as part of compensation for the period in which it is accrued, rather than paid.

Key Compensation Decisions Related to COVID-19

As a result of the global onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19), the Compensation Committee approved six-month salary reductions, effective April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020, of 50% for Mr. Sala and 30% for Mr. Chiara. Other executives received salary reductions ranging from 20% to 50% for the same six-month period. These salary reductions further impacted certain global leadership roles on a declining percentage scale for the same six-month period. In addition, the Compensation Committee cancelled the 2020 Short-Term Incentive Plan (STIP) for all eligible employees, including the executive officers.

Historically, IGT has awarded equity in the form of Performance Share Units (PSUs), which vest based on achievement against predetermined company financial performance targets. This practice, however, proved challenging in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Establishing forward-looking performance metrics during this continued time of uncertainty led the Committee to consider alternatives for this year’s process. The Compensation Committee altered historical practice of granting PSUs and approved a one-time restricted stock unit (RSU) award, as permitted under IGT’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, deeming this a more appropriate way to recognize the global eligible employee population, including executive officers, for their extraordinary efforts to ensure IGT's success during this unprecedented year.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans

The Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan provides for several different types of stock-based awards including stock options, restricted stock and RSUs, both time and performance-based. The principal purposes of granting LTI awards are to assist the Company in attracting and retaining executive officers, to provide a market-competitive total compensation package and to motivate recipients to increase shareholder value by enabling them to participate in the value created, thus aligning their interests with those of the Company’s shareholders. 
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Grants of LTI

The table below sets forth the time-based RSUs granted pursuant to the Company’s compensation plans to its executive officers during 2020, which will vest 50% on December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% will vest on December 31, 2022, based on continued service through the applicable vesting dates.
NameNo. of
Shares		Grant Date Fair ValueVesting
Period		Grant
Date		Per Share Market Price on Date of Grant
Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer277,508 $9.08 2020-2022November 6, 2020$9.08 
Max Chiara, Chief Financial Officer86,881 $9.08 2020-2022November 6, 2020$9.08 
Other Executive Officers417,391 $9.08 2020-2022November 6, 2020$9.08 

No performance-based PSUs or stock options were granted in 2020.

Performance against 2018 to 2020 performance conditions for the PSUs vesting (2018 PSUs)

The equity awards amount included in the 2020 officer compensation table reflects the PSUs granted in 2018, the vesting of which was dependent on performance over three financial years ending on December 31, 2020 and continued service until April 1, 2021 for 50% of the PSUs earned and April 1, 2022 for the remaining 50% of PSUs earned.

The vesting of the 2018 PSUs were tied to first achieving a three-year Cumulative Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA of at least 92.5% adjusted by an Adjusted Net Debt scoring factor measured on the Adjusted EBITDA/Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Matrix that positively or negatively adjusts the Adjusted EBITDA payout based on Adjusted Net Debt results versus the plan target. The performance of these awards is further modified by the Company’s relative total shareholder return performance against the Russell Mid Cap Market Index. Given the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial results, threshold Adjusted EBITDA performance for vesting was not achieved and the Compensation Committee did not use discretion to vest any portion of the 2018 PSUs. The performance achieved against the performance targets is shown below.
($ in millions)ThresholdTargetMaximum2020 PerformancePerformance % of TargetPayout %
2018 - 2020
Adjusted Cumulative EBITDA		4,8675,2625,5254,56587%—%
Adjusted Net Debt7,6817,3817,0816,968106%—%
EBITDA/Net Debt Matrix Result —%
Relative TSR(1) Modifier
<25th60th>75th8.0%13%75.0%
Performance results (% of target)(2)
—%
Total PSUs earned (% of maximum)(3)
—%
(1) Total Shareholder Return (TSR).
(2) EBITDA/Net Debt Matrix Result payout (0.0%) multiplied by Relative TSR Percentile payout (75.0%).
(3) The maximum number of shares to be earned under the 2018 PSU plan is 145% of target.

Amounts accrued for pensions and similar benefits
 
At December 31, 2020, the total amount accrued by the Company to provide pension, retirement, or similar benefits was $13.6 million.
 
Severance Arrangements
 
Certain executive officers of the Company are entitled to severance payments and benefits if such executive officer’s employment is terminated other than for cause under either individual employment agreements or provisions of national collective agreements for executives of the industry.
 
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The employment agreements with United States-based executive officers (i.e., Messrs. Celadon, Chiara, Gunn, and Spears and Mses. Costa and Montgomery) generally provide for the following benefits upon a termination other than for “cause”:
•18 months of base salary;
•18 months of short-term incentives (“STI”) (based upon a three-year average) and perquisites;
•18 months tax preparation;
•any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year;
•a prorated STI for the current fiscal year based on actual performance;
•18 months of health and welfare benefits continuation; and
•18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options, unless the options otherwise expire under the original terms and conditions of the award.

In addition, upon the United States executive officer’s death or disability, the executive officer will be entitled to the following benefits under the employment agreements:
•18 months of base salary;
•18 months of STI compensation (based upon a three-year average) and perquisites;
•18 months of tax preparation;
•any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year;
•a prorated STI for the current fiscal year based on actual performance;
•24 months of health and welfare benefits continuation; and
•18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options, unless the options otherwise expire under the original terms and conditions of the award.
 
Upon US-based executive officer’s retirement from the Company, these employment agreements also provide for accelerated vesting of a portion of an executive officer’s outstanding RSUs and PSUs and an ability to exercise vested options until the expiration date.
 
The employment agreement with Mr. Bugno requires a six month notice period and provides consideration for non-compete provisions over a 12 month period to be paid monthly over the period in addition to a severance payment upon a termination other than for “cause.” Each payment approximates two times Mr. Bugno’s base salary.
Pursuant to the terms of the Italian national collective agreement for executives of the industry (Contratto Collettivo Nazionale di Lavoro per i Dirigenti di Aziende produttrici di beni e servizi), Messrs. Sala (30% of employment), Ascoli, and Cairoli are generally entitled, unless ad hoc agreements provide differently, to the following severance payments and benefits upon a termination of employment by Lottomatica other than for “cause,” a resignation for “good reason,” or due to the executive officer’s death or disability:
•severance pay determined under the collective agreement;
•any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year; and
•a notice indemnity equal to a minimum of six and a maximum of 12 months of total base salary and STI compensation.
 
Under the Lottomatica service agreement, Mr. Sala’s base salary is €244,479 ($300,000) at December 31, 2020 divided into 13 equal gross installments, plus additional benefits, including a company car. Mr. Sala also receives an integrative pension fund in accordance with Italian law.
 
Mr. Sala also has a service agreement with the Parent (70% of employment), under which Mr. Sala shall be paid a salary of £512,070 ($700,000 as of December 31, 2020) per annum and this salary shall be reviewed by the Board annually, but the Parent is under no obligation to award an increase in salary.

Mr. Sala’s service agreement with the Parent (70% of employment) can be terminated by either party on the giving of six months’ notice, if not, immediately for cause. Mr. Sala cannot resign without prior approval from the Board. Following termination of employment, for a period of 24 months thereafter, Mr. Sala is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on soliciting or providing goods or services to certain customers, employing or enticing away from the group certain persons employed by any group company or being involved with any business in competition with any group company, among others. As consideration for compliance with the post-employment restrictive covenants, Mr. Sala is entitled to a lump sum payment equal to two years’ base salary and any STI payments for the two financial years prior to the date of termination.
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According to a severance agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Sala (which supersedes a stability agreement originally entered into on February 20, 2012 between Mr. Sala and legacy GTECH S.p.A. and then assigned to Lottomatica S.p.A. as part of the merger), subject to Mr. Sala continuing to work during his notice period, he is entitled to a severance payment equal to one year’s base salary (plus any amounts owed to Mr. Sala) and a pro-rated STI payment as of the date of termination based on the projection of the Company’s full year business and financial results. The severance payment is subject to the Company determining that Mr. Sala is a good leaver which includes, but is not limited to, circumstances involving redundancy, permanent incapacity, or retirement with the agreement of the Company. No severance payment will be made if Mr. Sala’s employment is terminated for cause.
The table below sets out the payments pursuant to provisions of Mr. Sala’s service and severance agreements with the Parent assuming a termination of employment as of December 31, 2020.
Period
Estimated Value at December 31, 2020 ($) (1)
Severance Provisions
Base Pay12-months1,000,000 
STI
Pro-rated at termination date (2)
Non-Compete Provisions
Additional Base PayActual base for last 2 years2,000,000 
Projected STIActual payout for last 2 years (2018 & 2019)4,802,550 
Total Value7,802,550 
(1) Excludes impact of FX payments and tax equalization, per Mr. Sala’s employment contract, which is calculated as of the payment dates.
(2) The short-term incentive plan was cancelled for the 2020 fiscal year. As of December 31, 2020, the pro-rated amount Mr. Sala would be entitled to is $0.

The Parent will also fully reimburse all executives for business expenses incurred in accordance with Company policy.

In the event of a change in control, the Parent’s equity incentive plan provides for full accelerated vesting of all outstanding share options, share appreciation rights and full-value awards (other than performance-based awards), when a replacement award is not provided. In addition, any performance-based award for which a replacement award is not issued will be deemed to be earned and payable with all applicable performance metrics deemed achieved at the greater of: (a) the applicable target level; or (b) the level of achievement as determined by the Compensation Committee not later than the date of the change in control, taking into account performance through the latest date preceding the change in control as to which performance can practically be determined, but in no case, later than the end of the applicable performance period.

C.     Board Practices
 
As of February 24, 2021, the Board consists of 11 members. The current directors were elected by shareholder vote on June 25, 2020, other than Marco Sala, who was elected to a term of three years at the Company’s annual general meeting in 2018. See “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management” above. The term of office of the current Board will expire at the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company. Each director may be re-elected at any subsequent general meeting of shareholders. None of the Parent’s directors have service contracts with the Parent (or any subsidiary) providing for benefits upon termination of employment as a director, although Mr. Sala and Mr. Chiara have entered into severance arrangements with the Parent as described in section “Item 6.B. Compensation - Severance Arrangements”.
 
The directors are responsible for the management of the Company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all of the powers of the Parent whether relating to the management of the business or not. As described above in section “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management,” as of February 24, 2021, the Board is comprised of (i) seven independent directors including James F. McCann, the Vice Chairperson of the Board and Lead Independent Director, and (ii) four non-independent directors including the Parent’s CEO, Marco Sala, the Parent’s CFO, Massimiliano Chiara, the Board’s Chairperson, Lorenzo Pellicioli, and Marco Drago. Messrs. Pellicioli and Drago are the chief executive officer and chairperson of the board, respectively, of De Agostini, the Parent’s controlling shareholder. Mr. Sala was appointed to the board of De Agostini on June 27, 2020.
 
The Board has the following committees: (1) an Audit Committee, (2) a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and (3) a Compensation Committee. The membership of each committee meets the independence and eligibility requirements of the NYSE and applicable law. The members of each committee are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the Board until
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such member’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal. The chairperson of each committee is appointed by the Board.

The Audit Committee
 
The Parent’s Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board’s oversight of:

•the integrity of the Parent’s financial statements;
•the Parent’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
•the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence;
•the performance of the Parent’s internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; and
•the Parent’s internal controls over financial reporting and systems of disclosure controls and procedures.
 
As of February 24, 2021, the Audit Committee consists of Vincent L. Sadusky (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Heather J. McGregor. Each member of the Audit Committee must meet the financial literacy requirement, as such qualification is interpreted by the Board in its business judgment, or must become financially literate within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment to the Audit Committee. In addition, at least one member of the Audit Committee must have accounting or related financial management expertise, as the Board interprets such qualification in its business judgment. See “Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert” of this annual report on Form 20-F for additional information regarding Audit Committee financial experts.
 
The Compensation Committee
 
The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Parent’s executives and directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:

•ensuring that provisions regarding disclosure of information, including pensions, as set out in the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (U.K.), are fulfilled;
•producing a report of the Parent’s remuneration policy and practices to be included in the Parent’s U.K. annual report and ensure that it is approved by the Board and put to shareholders for approval at the annual general meeting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006;
•reviewing management recommendations and advising management on broad compensation policies such as salary ranges, deferred compensation, incentive programs, pension, and executive stock plans;
•reviewing and approving goals and objectives relevant to the CEO’s compensation, evaluating the CEO’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the CEO’s compensation level based on this evaluation;
•monitoring issues associated with CEO succession (in non-emergencies) and management development;
•making recommendations to the Board with respect to non-CEO executive officer compensation, incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans that are subject to Board approval;
•reviewing and recommending director compensation;
•creating, modifying, amending, terminating, and monitoring compliance with stock ownership guidelines for executives and directors;
•designing, reviewing and amending the Company’s policies relating to anti-harassment and coercion, and providing oversight of the enforcement of such policies by the Company’s People & Transformation department;
•evaluating risks associated with the Parent’s compensation and benefits policies, plans and programs and discussing with management procedures to identify and mitigate such risks; and
•reviewing, monitoring and making recommendations to the Board on human capital management matters including culture and employee engagement, and diversity, equity and inclusion.

As of February 24, 2021, the Compensation Committee consists of Gianmario Tondato da Ruos (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Samantha Ravich.
 
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The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
 
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:

•recommending to the Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Board, the names of qualified persons to be nominated for election or re-election as directors and the membership and chairperson of each Board committee;
•reviewing each Director’s character and integrity prior to appointment and in connection with re-nomination decisions and Board evaluations;
•periodically reviewing the size, composition (including diversity) and leadership of the Board and committees thereof and recommending any proposed changes to the Board;
•reviewing directorships in other public companies held by or offered to directors and senior officers of the Parent with a view to ensuring that such external positions do not have a negative impact on the performance of such director;
•making recommendations to the Board for any changes, amendments, and modifications to the Parent’s code of conduct and promptly disclosing any waivers for directors or executive officers, as required by applicable law;
•reviewing and reassessing from time to time the Parent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and recommending any changes to the Board;
•determining, at least annually, the independence of each director under the independence requirements of the NYSE and any other regulatory requirements and report such findings to the Board;
•overseeing, at least annually, the evaluation of the performance of the Board and each Board committee, as well as individual directors where appropriate;
•assisting the Parent in making the periodic disclosures related to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and required by rules issued or enforced by the SEC, the Companies Act 2006 and any other rules and regulations of applicable law;
•making recommendations to the Board concerning CEO emergency succession plans;
•giving due consideration to the Parent’s legal obligations in the context of nominations and corporate governance, including any changes in applicable law and to recommendations and associated guidance from advisors, professional bodies, and proxy advisory firms; and
•overseeing management’s corporate social responsibility program and giving due consideration to diversity and inclusion, sustainability, environmental and social matters that could impact the Company, the environment or the communities in which the Company operates.
 
As of February 24, 2021, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Mr. McCann (chairperson), Beatrice Bassey and Samantha Ravich.
 
The charters for each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are available at www.igt.com; information contained thereon, including each committee charter, is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
Indemnification of Members of the Board
 
The Parent has committed, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify and hold harmless (and advance any expenses incurred, provided that the person receiving such advancement undertakes to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined such person was not entitled to indemnification), each of the Parent’s and its subsidiaries’ present and former directors, officers, and employees against all costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and settlement amounts paid in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, or investigation arising out of or related to such person’s service as a director, officer, or employee of the Parent or any of its subsidiaries.

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D.     Employees
 
As of December 31, 2020, the Company conducted business in more than 100 countries on six continents and had 11,048 employees. The Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally satisfactory. Most of the Company’s employees are not represented by any labor union. However, labor agreements are common in some countries around the world and the Company recognizes such arrangements and works closely with the applicable work councils. Relations with the Company’s mid-level employees and production workers in Italy are subject to Italy’s national collective bargaining agreement for the metalworks industry. Relations with the Company’s executives in Italy are subject to the national collective bargaining agreement for executives in the industry companies producing services (CCNL Dirigenti Industria). During the last four years, the Company has not experienced any strike that significantly influenced its business activities. In the United States, three organizational units, totaling less than 100 employees, have elected representation by third-party union organizations. Collective bargaining agreements are in place with two of the organizational units and the Company is negotiating in good faith a collective bargaining agreement with the third organizational unit.

The Company is operated under two business segments supported by central corporate support functions.
 
Employees by Segment
 At December 31,
202020192018
Global Lottery
4,205 4,356 3,764 
Global Gaming
5,421 5,981 6,695 
Corporate and Other1,422 1,585 1,641 
 11,048 11,922 12,100 

On July 1, 2020, the Company adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. The chart above recasts the prior period employee information to conform to the current year presentation.

The chart above includes 15, 131, and 147 interns and temporary employees at December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020, the proportion of women among permanent employees was 31.46% and 20.33% of employees with the title of vice president or higher were female.

In 2020, 768 employees left the Company voluntarily. The staff voluntary attrition rate was 6.70%, compared to 7.32% in 2019 and 7.88% in 2018. Additionally, 784 employees had their employment involuntarily terminated, 513 of which were workforce reductions.

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E.     Share Ownership
 
Executive Stock Ownership Requirements
 
On July 28, 2015, the Board approved share ownership guidelines for Senior Vice Presidents and above. Below is a summary of the guidelines.
Policy Effective Date: July 28, 2015
Stock Ownership Guidelines apply to: Share plans starting in 2015
Any award vesting after the Policy Effective Date
Unvested Options as of the Policy Effective Date
Covered Executives: CEO
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents
Senior Vice Presidents
Ownership Requirement Multiple of Base Salary: CEO - 5X
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents - 3X
Senior Vice Presidents - 1X
Shares Included in Ownership: 
All shares beneficially owned regardless of whether they are from a plan of the Parent or purchased on the market
Vested shares held in a trust to benefit the executive or family members
Shares under the legacy GTECH plans where vesting has been determined (earned) but shares have not been released
Note that Unearned Performance Shares do not count towards the Stock Ownership Guidelines until earned. (i.e., Performance Factor has not been determined/applied)
Legacy GTECH Holding Requirements: Holding requirements stated in legacy GTECH Plans are still in effect, in addition to the new Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - Not in Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements: 50% of after tax options or shares that vest or are exercised after the effective date of the Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - In Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements: 20% of after tax options or shares that are exercised or vest for a period of 3 years following the exercise or vest date
 
Director Stock Ownership Requirements
 
Beginning November 10, 2020 (or five years after joining the Board if such date is subsequent to November 10, 2020), each non-executive director is expected to hold, for as long as they remain on the Board, ordinary shares of the Parent that have a fair market value equal to at least three times the base annual retainer amount then in effect for non-executive directors. The current base annual retainer amount is $100,000.

The following table sets forth information, as of February 24, 2021, regarding the beneficial ownership of the Parent’s ordinary shares, including:
 
•each member of the Board;
•each executive officer and senior consultant of the Parent; and
•all members of the Board, executive officers, and senior consultant, taken together.

Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power over securities. Except in cases where community property laws apply or as indicated in the footnotes to this table, the Parent believes that each shareholder identified in the table possesses sole voting and investment power over all ordinary shares of the Parent shown as beneficially owned by that shareholder. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on approximately 204.9 million ordinary shares of the Parent outstanding as of February 24, 2021. 
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Name of Beneficial Owner
Number of
Ordinary
Shares(1)
Number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon vest within 60 days(2)
Percentage(3)
Directors:  
Lorenzo Pellicioli117,325 — 0.06 
James F. McCann113,029 — 0.06 
Beatrice H. Bassey6,081 — Less than 0.005
Massimiliano Chiara— — Less than 0.005
Alberto Dessy41,088 — 0.02 
Marco Drago44,367 — 0.02 
Heather J. McGregor16,936 — 0.01 
Dr. Samantha F. Ravich9,802 — Less than 0.005
Vincent L. Sadusky51,035 — 0.02 
Marco Sala1,401,491 35,254 0.70 
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos40,117 — 0.02 
Non-Director Executive Officers:   
Renato Ascoli237,723 15,426 0.12 
Walter Bugno249,915 11,225 0.13 
Fabio Cairoli66,159 9,978 0.04 
Fabio Celadon22,058 2,287 0.01 
Dorothy Costa1,292 457 Less than 0.005
Scott Gunn8,202 2,702 0.01 
Wendy Montgomery— — Less than 0.005
Christopher Spears2,102 3,215 Less than 0.005
2,428,722 80,544 1.22 
(1) Includes shares issuable upon the exercise of options which are exercisable as of February 24, 2021, the details of which are included in the “Amount Exercisable (Vested)” in the table below.
(2) Represents performance share units expected to vest in the next 60 days, fractional amounts have been rounded down to the nearest whole number. Excludes shares issuable upon the exercise of options.
(3) Any securities not outstanding that are subject to options or conversion privileges exercisable within 60 days of February 24, 2021 are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding securities of the class owned by any person holding such securities and by all Board members and executive officers as a group, but are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of the class owned by any other individual person. Except where noted, percentages have been rounded to the nearest hundredth.
 
The table below sets forth the options on the Parent’s ordinary shares granted to Mr. Sala that were outstanding as of February 24, 2021. As of such date, no executive officer other than Mr. Sala held outstanding options. Further, none of the directors held outstanding options, other than Mr. Sala. For each of the option grants listed below, the options are exercisable for ordinary shares of the Parent, and there is no purchase price applicable to the options other than the exercise price indicated below. 
NameGrant DateAmount of
Shares
Underlying
Grant		Amount
Exercisable (Vested)		Amount
Unexercisable (Unvested)		Exercise
Price		Expiration Date
Marco SalaNovember 30, 2015250,000 250,000 — $15.53 May 17, 2022
May 15, 2018172,500 —172,500 $30.12 May 15, 2024
For a further discussion of stock-based employee compensation, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—22. Stock-Based Compensation.”

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Item 7.                     Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A.     Major Shareholders
 
At February 24, 2021, the Parent’s outstanding capital stock consisted of 204,856,564 ordinary shares having a nominal value of $0.10 per share, 204,856,564 Special Voting Shares of $0.000001 each, and 50,000 sterling non-voting shares of £1.00 each, held by Intertrust Corporate Services (UK) Limited. Each ordinary share carries one vote and each special voting share carries 0.9995 votes.
 
The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of the Parent’s ordinary shares by persons known by the Parent to beneficially own 5% or more of voting rights as a result of their ownership of ordinary shares and election to exercise the votes of Special Voting Shares by placing the associated ordinary shares on the Loyalty Register as of February 24, 2021.
Name of Beneficial OwnerNumber of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned		Percent of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned		Number of Ordinary Shares on the Loyalty Register Percent of Total 
Voting Power
De Agostini S.p.A.103,422,324 50.49 %85,422,324 65.05 %
Blackrock, Inc. (1)
11,480,172 5.60 %— 4.00 %
 (1) Information based on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC dated February 2, 2021 by Blackrock, Inc.

At February 24, 2021, B&D Holding S.p.A. (“B&D Holding”) owned 61.24% of De Agostini. Marco Drago is the chairperson and a director of B&D Holding, and Lorenzo Pellicioli is a director of B&D Holding. B&D Holding is in turn owned by members of the Boroli and Drago families.

Significant Changes in Ownership

Prior to January 1, 2018, De Agostini's wholly-owned subsidiary, DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A., held 10,073,006 ordinary shares. Effective January 1, 2018, DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A. merged into De Agostini, resulting in the transfer of ownership of 10,073,006 ordinary shares from DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A. to De Agostini.

On May 22, 2018, De Agostini entered into a variable forward transaction (the “Variable Forward Transaction”) with Credit Suisse Securities, Sociedad de Valores S.A., as assignee of Credit Suisse International (“Credit Suisse”) relating to 18.0 million of the Company’s ordinary shares owned by De Agostini (the “Variable Forward Transaction Shares”). As part of the Variable Forward Transaction, to hedge its exposure Credit Suisse or its affiliates borrowed approximately 13.2 million of the Company’s ordinary shares from third-party stock lenders and subsequently sold such ordinary shares in an underwritten public offering through Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, acting as the underwriter, pursuant to an automatically effective registration statement on Form F-3 (including a base prospectus) filed by the Company with the SEC on May 21, 2018.

De Agostini elected, effective as of May 25, 2018, to place all its owned ordinary shares, including the Variable Forward Transaction Shares, on the Loyalty Register, thereby gaining the power to exercise the votes of the related Special Voting Shares. In April 2020, De Agostini pledged the Variable Forward Transaction Shares to Credit Suisse as part of the Variable Forward Transaction and as a result removed the Variable Forward Transaction Shares from the Loyalty Register. As of February 24, 2021, no other shareholder has elected to place any ordinary shares on the Loyalty Register. For more information regarding the Special Voting Shares and the Loyalty Register, please see “Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association—Loyalty Plan.”

Credit Suisse has, in the event of a De Agostini default or similar enforcement event under the pledge, the right to vote or direct the vote and dispose of or direct the disposition of the Variable Forward Transaction Shares, but not to direct the votes of the related Special Voting Shares unless Credit Suisse subsequently elects to place such shares on the Loyalty Register in accordance with the terms of the Loyalty Plan.

Voting Rights 
 
De Agostini controls the Parent but does not have different voting rights from the Parent’s other shareholders, aside from the election to exercise the votes of the Special Voting Shares related to the shares owned by De Agostini. However, through its voting rights, De Agostini has the ability to control the Company and significantly influence the decisions submitted to a vote of the Parent’s shareholders, including approval of annual dividends, the election and removal of directors, mergers or other business combinations, the acquisition or disposition of assets, and issuances of equity, and the incurrence of indebtedness.
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Additional Share Information
 
The Parent’s ordinary shares are listed and can be traded on the NYSE in U.S. dollars. The Parent’s ordinary shares may be held in the following two ways:
 
•beneficial interests in the Parent’s ordinary shares that are traded on the NYSE are held through the book-entry system provided by The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and are registered in the register of shareholders in the name of Cede & Co., as DTC’s nominee; and
•in certificated form
 
All of the Parent’s ordinary shares are held on the U.S. registry. At February 24, 2021, there were 204 record holders in the U.S. holding approximately 49.51% of the Parent’s outstanding ordinary shares, including ordinary shares held by Cede & Co., the nominee for DTC. Ordinary shares held through DTC may be beneficially owned by holders within or outside of the U.S. The shares held by De Agostini are beneficially owned by an entity organized under the laws of Italy. At February 24, 2021, there were 204,856,564 Special Voting Shares of the Parent outstanding, which are all held by Computershare Company Nominees Limited in its capacity as the nominee appointed by the Parent to hold the Special Voting Shares under the terms of the Parent’s Loyalty Plan.
 
The Parent’s Special Voting Shares are not listed on the NYSE and will be transferable only in very limited circumstances. For more information regarding the Special Voting Shares, please see “Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association—Loyalty Plan.”

B.     Related Party Transactions

The Company engages in business transactions with certain related parties, which include (i) entities and individuals capable of exercising control, joint control, or significant influence over the Company, (ii) De Agostini or entities directly or indirectly controlled by De Agostini and (iii) unconsolidated subsidiaries or joint ventures of the Company. Members of the Parent’s Board of Directors, executives with authority for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and such Directors’ and executives’ close family members are also considered related parties.

The Company is majority-owned by De Agostini. Amounts receivable from De Agostini and subsidiaries of De Agostini (the “De Agostini Group”) are non-interest bearing. Transactions with the De Agostini Group include payments for support services provided and office space rented pursuant to a lease entered into prior to the formation of the Company. In addition, certain of the Company’s Italian subsidiaries have a tax unit agreement, and in some cases, a value-added tax agreement, with De Agostini pursuant to which De Agostini consolidates certain Italian subsidiaries of De Agostini for the collection and payment of taxes to the Italian tax authority. Tax-related receivables from De Agostini were $0.0 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax-related payables to De Agostini were $18.7 million and $17.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company generally carries out transactions with related parties on commercial terms that are normal in their respective markets, considering the characteristics of the goods or services involved. For a further discussion of transactions with related parties, including transactions with De Agostini and companies in which we have strategic investments that develop software, hardware, and other technologies or provide services supporting the Company’s technologies, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - 24. Related Party Transactions.”

C.    Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not applicable.

Item 8.                 Financial Information
 
A.    Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
See “Item 18. Financial Statements” for the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements including the Notes thereto and report of its independent registered accounting firm. The Company has not yet implemented a formal policy on dividend distributions.
 
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B.    Significant Changes
 
No significant changes have occurred since December 31, 2020, the date of the financial statement included in this annual report on Form 20-F.

Item 9.        The Offer and Listing
 
A.     Offer and Listing Details
 
The Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “IGT.” 
B.     Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C.    Markets
The Parent’s outstanding ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “IGT.”
D.    Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E.    Dilution
Not applicable.
F.    Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.

Item 10.     Additional Information

A.    Share Capital
 
Not applicable.

B.     Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
The Parent is a public limited company registered in England and Wales under company number 09127533. Its objects are unrestricted, in line with the default position under the Companies Act 2006, as amended. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the Articles and of the applicable laws of England. The following is a summary and, therefore, does not contain full details of the Articles, which are attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
The Parent’s board of directors (the “Board”)
 
Directors’ interests
 
Except as otherwise provided in the Articles, a director may not vote on or be counted in the quorum in relation to a resolution of the directors or committee of the directors concerning a matter in which he has a direct or indirect interest which is, to his knowledge, a material interest (otherwise than by virtue of his interest in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through the Parent), but this prohibition does not apply to any interest arising only because a resolution concerns any of the following matters:
 
•the giving of a guarantee, security, or indemnity in respect of money lent or obligations incurred by him or any other person at the request of or for the benefit of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings;

•the giving of a guarantee, security, or indemnity in respect of a debt or obligation of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings for which the director has assumed responsibility in whole or in part, either alone or jointly with others, under a guarantee or indemnity or by the giving of security;

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•a transaction or arrangement concerning an offer of shares, debentures, or other securities of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings for subscription or purchase, in which offer he is or may be entitled to participate as a holder of securities or in the underwriting or sub-underwriting of which he is to participate;

•a transaction or arrangement to which the Parent is or is to be a party concerning another company (including a subsidiary undertaking of the Parent) in which he or any person connected with him is interested (directly or indirectly) whether as an officer, shareholder, creditor, or otherwise (a “relevant company”), if he and any persons connected with him do not to his knowledge hold an interest in shares (as that term is used in Sections 820 to 825 of the CA 2006) representing 1% or more of either any class of the equity share capital (excluding any share of that class held as treasury shares) in the relevant company or of the voting rights available to members of the relevant company;

•a transaction or arrangement for the benefit of the employees of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings (including any pension fund or retirement, death or disability scheme) which does not award him a privilege or benefit not generally awarded to the employees to whom it relates; or

•a transaction or arrangement concerning the purchase or maintenance of any insurance policy for the benefit of directors or for the benefit of persons including directors.

Directors’ borrowing powers
 
The directors may exercise all the powers of the Parent to borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or part of the undertaking, property, and assets (present or future) and uncalled capital of the Parent and, subject to the CA 2006, to issue debentures and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for a debt, liability, or obligation of the Parent or of a third party.
 
Directors’ shareholding requirements
 
A director need not hold shares in the Parent to qualify to serve as a director.
 
Age limit
 
There is no age limit applicable to directors in the Articles.
 
Compliance with NYSE Rules
 
For as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Parent will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Parent is a foreign private issuer.
 
Classes of shares
 
The Parent has three classes of shares in issue. This includes ordinary shares of U.S. $0.10 each; Special Voting Shares of U.S. $0.000001 each; and sterling non-voting shares of £1.00 each (the “Sterling Non-Voting Shares”).
 
Dividends and distributions
 
Subject to the CA 2006, the Parent’s shareholders may declare a dividend on the Parent’s ordinary shares by ordinary resolution, and the Board may decide to pay an interim dividend to holders of the Parent’s ordinary shares in accordance with their respective rights and interests in the Parent, and may fix the time for payment of such dividend. Under English law, dividends may only be paid out of distributable reserves, defined as accumulated realized profits (so far as not previously utilized by distribution or capitalization) less accumulated realized losses (so far as not previously written off in a reduction or reorganization of capital duly made), and not out of share capital, which includes the share premium account.
 
The Special Voting Shares and Sterling Non-Voting Shares do not entitle their holders to dividends.
 
If 12 years have passed from the date on which a dividend or other sum from the Parent became due for payment and the distribution recipient has not claimed it, the distribution recipient is no longer entitled to that dividend or other sum and it ceases to remain owing by the Parent.
 
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The Articles also permit a scrip dividend scheme under which the directors may, with the prior authority of an ordinary resolution of the Parent, allot to those holders of a particular class of shares who have elected to receive them further shares of that class or ordinary shares in either case credited as fully paid instead of cash in respect of all or part of a dividend or dividends specified by the resolution.

Voting rights
 
Subject to any rights or restrictions as to voting attached to any class of shares and subject to disenfranchisement in the event of non-payment of any call or other sum due and payable in respect of any shares not fully paid, the voting rights of shareholders of the Parent in a general meeting are as follows:
 
1.              On a show of hands,
 
a.           the shareholder of the Parent who (being an individual) is present in person or (being a corporation) is present by a duly authorized corporate representative at a general meeting of the Parent will have one vote; and
 
b.             every person present who has been appointed by a shareholder as a proxy will have one vote, except where:
 
i.                  that proxy has been appointed by more than one shareholder entitled to vote on the resolution; and
 
ii.               the proxy has been instructed:
 
A.            by one or more of those shareholders to vote for the resolution and by one or more of those shareholders to vote against the resolution; or
 
B.     by one or more of those shareholders to vote in the same way on the resolution (whether for or against) and one or more of those shareholders has permitted the proxy discretion as to how to vote,

in which case, the proxy has one vote for and one vote against the resolution.
 
2.       On a poll taken at a meeting, every shareholder present and entitled to vote on the resolution has one vote for every ordinary share of the Parent of which he, she, or it is the holder, and 0.9995 votes for every Special Voting Share for which he, she, or it is entitled under the terms of the Parent’s loyalty voting structure to direct the exercise of the vote.
 
Under the Articles, a poll on a resolution may be demanded by the chairperson, the directors, five or more people having the right to vote on the resolution, or a shareholder or shareholders (or their duly appointed proxies) having not less than 10% of either the total voting rights or the total paid up share capital. Once a resolution is declared, such persons may demand the poll both in advance of, and during, a general meeting, either before or immediately after a show of hands on such resolution.
 
In the case of joint holders, only the vote of the senior holder who votes (or any proxy duly appointed by him) may be counted by the Parent.
 
The necessary quorum for a general shareholder meeting is the shareholders who together represent at least a majority of the voting rights of all the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy, save that if the Parent only has one shareholder entitled to attend and vote at the general meeting, one shareholder present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote is a quorum.

In case of a meeting requisitioned by the shareholders, where the quorum is not met the meeting is dissolved. In case of other meetings, where the quorum is not met, the meeting is adjourned. If a meeting is adjourned for lack of quorum, the quorum of the adjourned meeting will be one shareholder present in person or by proxy.
 
The Sterling Non-Voting Shares carry no voting rights (save where required by law).

Winding up

On a return of capital of the Parent on a winding up or otherwise, the holders of the Parent’s ordinary shares (and any other shares outstanding at the relevant time which rank equally with such shares) will share equally, on a share for share basis, in the Parent’s assets available for distribution, after paying:

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•the holders of the Special Voting Shares who will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Parent available for distribution to its shareholders the sum of, in aggregate, U.S. $1.00 but shall not be entitled to any further participation in the assets of the Parent; and

•the holders of the Sterling Non-Voting Shares who will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Parent available for distribution to its shareholders the sum of, in aggregate, £1.00 but shall not be entitled to any further participation in the assets of the Parent.
 
Redemption provisions
 
The Parent’s ordinary shares are not redeemable.
 
The Special Voting Shares may be redeemed by the Parent for nil consideration in certain circumstances (as set out in the Articles).
 
The Sterling Non-Voting Shares may be redeemed by the Parent for nil consideration at any time.
 
Sinking fund provisions
 
None of the Parent’s shares are subject to any sinking fund provision under the Articles or as a matter of English law.
 
Liability to further calls
 
No holder of any share in the Parent is liable to make additional contributions of capital in respect of its shares.
 
Discriminating provisions
 
There are no provisions discriminating against a shareholder because of his or her ownership of a particular number of shares.
 
Variation of class rights
 
The Articles treat the Parent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares as a single class for the purposes of voting. Any special rights attached to any shares in the Parent’s capital may (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) be varied or abrogated, either while the Parent is a going concern or during or in contemplation of a winding up, with the consent in writing of those entitled to attend and vote at general meetings of the Parent representing 75% of the voting rights attaching to the Parent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares, in aggregate, which may be exercised at such meetings, or with the sanction of 75% of those votes attaching to the Parent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares, in aggregate, cast on a special resolution proposed at a separate general meeting of all those entitled to attend and vote at the Parent’s general meetings, but not otherwise. The CA 2006 allows an English company to vary class rights of shares by a resolution of 75% of the shareholders of the class in question.
 
A resolution to vary any class rights relating to the giving, variation, revocation or renewal of any authority of the directors to allot shares or relating to a reduction of the Parent’s capital may only be varied or abrogated in accordance with the CA 2006 but not otherwise.
 
The rights attached to a class of shares are not, unless otherwise expressly provided for in the rights attaching to those shares, deemed to be varied by the creation, allotment, or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to them or by the purchase or redemption by the Parent of its own shares in accordance with the CA 2006.

General meetings and notices
 
The Board has the power to call a general meeting of shareholders at any time. The Board shall determine whether a general meeting (including an annual general meeting) is to be held as a physical general meeting or an electronic general meeting (or a combination thereof). In addition, the Board must convene such a meeting if it has received requests to do so from shareholders representing at least 5% of the paid-up share capital of the Parent as carries voting rights at general meetings in accordance with Section 303 of the CA 2006.
 
An annual general meeting must be called by not less than 21 clear days’ notice (i.e., excluding the date of receipt or deemed receipt of the notice and the date of the meeting itself). All other general meetings will be called by not less than 14 clear days’
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notice. A general meeting may be called by shorter notice if it is agreed to by a majority in number of the shareholders having the right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority who together hold not less than 95% in nominal value of the shares giving that right. At least seven clear days’ notice is required for any meeting adjourned for 28 days or more or for an indefinite period.
 
The notice of a general meeting will be given to the shareholders (other than any who, under the provisions of the Articles or the terms of allotment or issue of shares, are not entitled to receive notice), to the Board, to the beneficial owners nominated to enjoy information rights under the CA 2006, and to the auditors. The shareholders entitled to receive notice of and attend a general meeting are those on the share register at the close of business on a day determined by the directors. Under English law, the Parent is required to hold an annual general meeting within six months from the day following the end of its fiscal year and, subject to the foregoing, the meeting may be held at a time and place (whether physical or electronic or a combination thereof) determined by the Board whether within or outside of the U.K.
 
The notice of general meeting must specify a time (which must not be more than 48 hours, excluding any part of a day that is not a working day, before the time fixed for the meeting) by which a person must be entered on the share register in order to have the right to attend or vote at the meeting. Only such persons or their duly appointed proxies have the right to attend and vote at the meeting of shareholders.
 
Limitations on rights to own shares
 
There are no limitations imposed by the Articles or the applicable laws of England on the rights to own shares, including the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the Parent’s shares, other than limitations that would generally apply to all shareholders.
 
Change of control
 
There is no specific provision in the Articles that directly would have an effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of the Parent and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition, or corporate restructuring involving the Parent or any of its subsidiaries. However, the loyalty voting structure may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of the Parent. As a result of the loyalty voting structure, it is possible that a relatively large portion of the voting rights of the Parent could be concentrated in a relatively small number of holders who would have significant influence over the Parent. Such shareholders participating in the loyalty voting structure could reduce the likelihood of change of control transactions that may otherwise benefit holders of the Parent’s ordinary shares. For a discussion of this risk, see “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors.”
 
Disclosure of ownership interests in shares
 
Under the Articles, shareholders must comply with the notification obligations to the Parent contained in Chapter 5 (Vote Holder and Issuer Notification Rules) of the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (“DTR”) (including, without limitation, the provisions of DTR 5.1.2) as if the Parent were an issuer whose home member state is in the United Kingdom, save that the obligation arises if the percentage of voting rights reaches, exceeds, or falls below 1% and each one percent threshold thereafter (up or down) up to 100%. In effect, this means that a shareholder must notify the Parent if the percentage of voting rights in the Parent it holds reaches 1% and crosses any one percent threshold thereafter (up or down).
 
Section 793 of the CA 2006 gives the Parent the power to require persons whom it knows have, or whom it has reasonable cause to believe have, or within the previous three years have had, any ownership interest in any shares of the Parent to disclose specified information regarding those shares. Failure to provide the information requested within the prescribed period (or knowingly or recklessly providing false information) after the date the notice is sent can result in criminal or civil sanctions being imposed against the person in default.
 
Under the Articles, if any shareholder, or any other person appearing to be interested in the Parent’s shares held by such shareholder, fails to give the Parent the information required by a Section 793 notice, then the Board may withdraw voting rights and place restrictions on the rights to receive dividends, and transfer of such shares (including any shares allotted or issued after the date of the Section 793 notice in respect of those shares).
 
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Changes in share capital
  
The Articles authorize the Company to allot (with or without conferring rights of renunciation), issue, grant options over or otherwise deal with or dispose of shares in the capital of the Company and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, shares in the capital of the Company to such persons, at such times and upon such terms as the directors may decide, provided that no share may be issued at a discount. Pursuant to a shareholder resolution passed on June 25, 2020, for a period expiring (unless previously revoked, varied or renewed) at the end of the next annual general meeting of the Company or, if sooner, on September 24, 2021, directors are authorized to:

(i)     allot ordinary shares in the Parent, or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert or exchange any security into shares in the Parent, up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $6,824,827.70 and up to a further aggregate nominal amount of $6,824,827.70 where the allotment is in connection with an offer by way of a rights issue;

(ii)     allot Special Voting Shares and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, Special Voting Shares, up to a maximum aggregate nominal amount of $136.50; and

(iii)    exclude pre-emption rights: first, in relation to offers of equity securities by way of rights issue; second, in relation to the allotment of equity securities for cash up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $1,023,724.20; and third, in relation to an acquisition or other capital investment up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $1,023,724.20.
 
These provisions are more restrictive than required under English law which does not prescribe a limit for the maximum amounts for allotment of shares or exclusion of pre-emption rights.

Pursuant to a shareholder resolution passed on June 25, 2020, for a period expiring (unless previously revoked, varied or renewed) at the end of the next annual general meeting of the Company or, if sooner, on December 24, 2021, the Parent is authorized to purchase its own ordinary shares on the terms of the share repurchase contracts approved by the shareholders, provided that:

(i)   the maximum aggregate number of the Parent’s ordinary shares authorized to be purchased equals 20,474,483, representing 10% of the total issued ordinary shares;

(ii) the minimum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid by the Company for each ordinary share shall be U.S. $0.10; and
 
(iii)          the maximum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid to purchase an ordinary share of the Parent is 105% of the average market value of an ordinary share for the five business days prior to the day the purchase is made (subject to any further price restrictions contained in any share repurchase contract).

These provisions are more restrictive than required under English law which does not prescribe a limit for the maximum aggregate number or price paid for an "off market" repurchase of shares.

Loyalty Plan
 
Scope
 
The Parent has implemented a Loyalty Plan, the purpose of which is to reward long-term ownership of the Parent’s ordinary shares and promote stability of the Parent’s shareholder base by granting long-term shareholders, subject to certain terms and conditions, with the equivalent of 1.9995 votes for each ordinary share that they hold. The Loyalty Plan is governed by the provisions of the Articles and the Loyalty Plan Terms and Conditions from time to time adopted by the Board, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website, together with some Frequently Asked Questions.
 
Characteristics of Special Voting Shares
 
Each Special Voting Share carries 0.9995 votes. The Special Voting Shares and ordinary shares will be treated as if they are a single class of shares and not divided into separate classes for voting purposes (save upon a resolution in respect of any proposed termination of the Loyalty Plan).
 
The Special Voting Shares have only minimal economic entitlements. Such economic entitlements are designed to comply with English law but are immaterial for investors.
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Issue
 
The number of Special Voting Shares on issue equals the number of ordinary shares on issue. A nominee appointed by the Parent (the “Nominee”), which is currently Computershare Company Nominees Limited, holds the Special Voting Shares on behalf of the shareholders of the Parent as a whole, and will exercise the voting rights attached to those shares in accordance with the Articles.
 
Participation in the Loyalty Plan
 
In order to become entitled to elect to participate in the Loyalty Plan, a person must maintain ownership in accordance with the Loyalty Plan for a continuous period of three years or more (an “Eligible Person”). 
 
An Eligible Person within the Loyalty Plan Terms and Conditions may elect to participate in the Loyalty Plan by submitting a validly completed and signed election form (the “Election Form”) and, if applicable, the requisite custodial documentation, to the Parent’s designated agent (the “Agent”). The Election Form is available on the Company’s website. Upon receipt of a valid Election Form and, if applicable, custodial documentation, the Agent will register the relevant ordinary shares on a separate register (the “Loyalty Register”). In order for an Eligible Person’s ordinary shares to remain on the Loyalty Register, they may not be sold, disposed of, transferred, pledged or subjected to any lien, fixed or floating charge or other encumbrance, except in very limited circumstances.
 
Voting arrangements
 
The Nominee will exercise the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares held by it from time to time at a general meeting or a class meeting: (a) in respect of any Special Voting Shares associated with ordinary shares held by an Eligible Person, in the same manner as the Eligible Person exercises the votes attaching to those IGT PLC ordinary shares; and (b) in respect of all other Special Voting Shares, in the same percentage as the outcome of the vote of any general meeting (taking into account any votes exercised pursuant to (a) above).
 
The proxy or voting instruction form in respect of an Eligible Person’s ordinary shares will contain an instruction and authorization in favor of the Nominee to exercise the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares associated with those ordinary shares in the same manner as that Eligible Person exercises the votes attaching to those ordinary shares.
 
Transfer or withdrawal
 
If, at any time and for any reason, one or more ordinary shares are de-registered from the Loyalty Register, or any ordinary shares held by an Eligible Person on the Loyalty Register are sold, disposed of, transferred (other than with the benefit of a waiver in respect of certain permitted transfers), pledged or subjected to any lien, fixed or floating charge or other encumbrance, the Special Voting Shares associated with those ordinary shares will cease to confer on the Eligible Person any voting rights (or any other rights) in connection with those Special Voting Shares and such person will cease to be an Eligible Person in respect of those Special Voting Shares.
 
A shareholder may request the de-registration of their ordinary shares from the Loyalty Register at any time by submitting a validly completed Withdrawal Form to the Agent. The Agent will release the ordinary shares from the Loyalty Register within three business days thereafter. Upon de-registration from the Loyalty Register, such ordinary shares will be freely transferable. From the date on which the Withdrawal Form is processed by the Agent, the relevant shareholder will be considered to have waived their rights in respect of the relevant Special Voting Shares.
 
Termination of the Plan
 
The Loyalty Plan may be terminated at any time with immediate effect by a resolution passed on a poll taken at a general meeting with the approval of members representing 75% or more of the total voting rights attaching to the ordinary shares of members who, being entitled to vote on that resolution, do so in person or by proxy. For the avoidance of doubt, the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares will not be exercisable upon such resolution.

Upon termination of the Loyalty Plan, the directors may elect to redeem or repurchase the Special Voting Shares from the Nominee for nil consideration or cancel them, or convert the Special Voting Share into deferred shares carrying no voting rights and no economic rights (or any other rights), save that on a return of capital or a winding up, the holder of the deferred shares shall be entitled to, in aggregate, $1.00.
 
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Transfer
 
The Special Voting Shares may not be transferred, except in exceptional circumstances, e.g., for transfers between Loyalty Plan nominees.
 
Repurchase or redemption
 
Special Voting Shares may only be purchased or redeemed by the Parent in limited circumstances, including to reduce the number of Special Voting Shares held by the Nominee in order to align the aggregate number of ordinary shares and Special Voting Shares in issue from time to time or upon termination of the Loyalty Plan. Special Voting Shares may be redeemed or repurchased for nil consideration.

C.    Material Contracts
 
Share Sale and Purchase Agreement with Gamenet Group S.p.A.

On December 7, 2020, the Parent’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, entered into a share sale and purchase agreement with Gamenet Group S.p.A. Pursuant to the share sale and purchase agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions therein, Lottomatica has agreed to sell 100% of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A, a subsidiary of funds managed by an affiliate of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”) for a sale price of €950 million, with €725 million to be paid at closing and deferred payments of €125 million and €100 million payable on December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The sale price is subject to certain adjustments specified in the agreement. The deferred payments are not subject to any conditions other than closing and are secured by an equity commitment letter from Apollo-managed funds. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2021, and is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals.

Observer Agreement with De Agostini

On May 16, 2018, the Parent’s directors approved the observer agreement (the “Observer Agreement”) between De Agostini and the Company permitting De Agostini to appoint an observer to attend meetings of the Parent’s directors. On November 12, 2019, the Observer Agreement was renewed for a two-year term and Paolo Ceretti, a former director of the Parent, acknowledged and agreed to his renewed appointment by De Agostini as an observer pursuant to the terms of the Observer Agreement. Unless renewed, the Observer Agreement is set to expire following the meeting of the Parent’s directors at which the financial results for the third quarter of 2021 are reviewed.
 
Agreements Related to the Italian Lotto License

In March 2016, the Parent, through its subsidiary Lottomatica, Italian Gaming Holding a.s., Arianna 2001, and Novomatic Italia (the “Consortium”) entered into a consortium agreement (the “Consortium Agreement”) to bid on the Italian Gioco del Lotto license (the “Lotto License”). On May 16, 2016, the Consortium was awarded management of the Lotto License for a nine-year term. Under the terms of the Consortium Agreement, Lottomatica is the principal operating partner to fulfill the requirements of the Lotto License. According to the bid procedure and Consortium Agreement, a joint venture company called Lottoitalia s.r.l (“Lottoitalia”) has been established with Lottomatica having 61.5% equity ownership interest, and the remainder of the equity ownership shared among the other three Consortium members. For a further discussion of the Consortium Agreement's terms, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—20.  Variable Interest Entities.”

Italian Scratch & Win License

In December 2017, the Parent, through its subsidiary Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l. (“LN”) accepted a contract extension of nine years for the Italian Scratch & Win license. The Italian Scratch & Win license is managed exclusively by LN, a joint venture owned 64% by Lottomatica, with Scientific Games Corporation (20%), Arianna 2001 (15%), and Servizi in Rete S.p.A. (1%) as minority shareholders.

Related Party Agreements
 
For a discussion of the Company’s related party transactions, including additional transactions with De Agostini, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—24.  Related Party Transactions.”
 
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Compensation Arrangements
 
For a description of compensation arrangements with the Parent’s directors and executive officers, please see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management, and Employees — B. Compensation.”
 
Financing
 
For a description of the Company’s outstanding financing agreements, please see section “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

D.    Exchange Controls
 
Other than applicable taxation, anti-money laundering, and counter-terrorist financing law and regulations and certain economic sanctions which may be in force from time to time, there are currently no English laws or regulations, or any provision of the Articles, which would prevent the transfer of capital or remittance of dividends, interest, and other payments to holders of the Parent’s securities who are not residents of the U.K. on a general basis.

E.    Taxation
 
Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
 
This section summarizes certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the ownership and disposition of the Parent’s ordinary shares by a U.S. holder (as defined below). This summary is based on U.S. federal income tax law, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative guidance and court decisions in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been sought with respect to any U.S. federal income tax considerations described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. The discussion assumes that the Parent’s shareholders hold their ordinary shares, as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion further assumes that all items or transactions identified as debt will be respected as such for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

This summary does not constitute tax advice and does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to the Parent’s shareholders in light of their personal circumstances, including any tax consequences arising under the tax on certain investment income pursuant to the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 or arising under the U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, (or any Treasury regulations or administrative guidance promulgated thereunder, any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection therewith or any non-U.S. laws, rules or directives implementing or relating to any of the foregoing), or to shareholders subject to special treatment under the Code, including (but not limited to):
 
•banks, thrifts, mutual funds, and other financial institutions;
•regulated investment companies;
•real estate investment trusts;
•traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting;
•broker-dealers;
•tax-exempt organizations and pension funds;
•U.S. holders that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the Company’s stock (by vote or value);
•insurance companies;
•dealers or brokers in securities or foreign currency;
•individual retirement and other deferred accounts;
•U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
•U.S. expatriates;
•“passive foreign investment companies” or “controlled foreign corporations”;
•persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;
•U.S. holders that hold their shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion constructive sale or other risk reduction transaction;
•partnerships or other entities or other arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and their partners and investors; and
•U.S. holders that received their shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan.
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This discussion does not address any non-income tax considerations or any state, local or non-U.S tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the Parent’s ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
•an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
•a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
•an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
•a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
This discussion does not purport to be a comprehensive analysis or description of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations. Each of the Parent’s shareholders is urged to consult with such shareholder’s tax advisor with respect to the particular tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Parent’s ordinary shares to such shareholder.
 
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds the Parent’s ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner therein will generally depend upon the status of such partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Any such holder that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of their ordinary shares.
 
Ownership and Disposition of the Parent’s Ordinary Shares
 
The following discusses certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Parent's ordinary shares by U.S. holders and assumes that the Parent will be a resident exclusively of the U.K. for all tax purposes.
 
Taxation of Distributions
 
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” the gross amount of distributions with respect to the Parent’s ordinary shares (including the amount of any non-U.S. withholding taxes) will be taxable as dividends, to the extent that they are paid out of the Parent’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such dividends will be includable in a U.S. holder’s gross income as ordinary dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. holder. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.

The gross amount of the dividends paid by the Parent to non-corporate U.S. holders may be eligible to be taxed at reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax applicable to “qualified dividend income.” Recipients of dividends from non-U.S. corporations will be taxed at this rate, provided that certain holding period requirements are satisfied and certain other requirements are met, if the dividends are received from “qualified foreign corporations,” which generally include corporations eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury determines is satisfactory and includes an information exchange program. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have determined that the U.K.- U.S. Income Tax Treaty is satisfactory for these purposes and the Parent believes that it is eligible for benefits under such treaty. Dividends paid with respect to stock of a foreign corporation which stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States will also be treated as having been received from a “qualified foreign corporation.” The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have determined that common stock is considered readily tradable on an established securities market if it is listed on an established securities market in the United States, such as the NYSE.

Non-corporate U.S. holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss, or that elect to treat the dividend income as “investment income” pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code, will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of the Parent’s status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, even if the minimum holding period requirement has been met, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules given its particular circumstances.
 
To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds the Parent’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, the excess will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the
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extent of each U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Parent’s ordinary shares and will reduce such U.S. holder’s basis accordingly. The balance of the excess, if any, will be taxed as capital gain, which would be long-term capital gain if the holder has held the Parent’s ordinary shares for more than one year at the time the distribution is received. Long-term capital gain of certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at reduced rates. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations.
 
The amount of any distribution paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency distributed by the Parent, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the distribution is includable in the U.S. holder’s income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. Generally, a U.S. holder would not recognize any foreign currency gain or loss if the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date the payment is received. However, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the U.S. holder includes the distribution payment in income to the date such U.S. holder actually converts the payment into U.S. dollars will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss.
 
Sale, Exchange, or Other Taxable Disposition
 
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” a U.S. holder will generally recognize taxable gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the Parent’s ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in such Parent’s ordinary shares. Such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the ordinary shares have been held for more than one year. Long-term capital gain of certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at reduced rates. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations.
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
 
A Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) is any foreign corporation if, after the application of certain “look-through” rules, (a) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” as that term is defined in the relevant provisions of the Code, or (b) at least 50% of the average value of its assets produces “passive income” or is held for the production of “passive income.” The determination as to PFIC status is a fact-intensive determination that includes ascertaining the fair market value (or, in certain circumstances, tax basis) of all the Parent’s assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income, and cannot be completed until the close of a taxable year. If a U.S. holder is treated as owning PFIC stock, such U.S. holder will be subject to special rules generally intended to reduce or eliminate the benefit of the deferral of U.S. federal income tax that results from investing in a foreign corporation that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis. These rules may adversely affect the tax treatment to a U.S. holder of distributions paid by the Parent and of sales, exchanges, and other dispositions of the Parent’s ordinary shares, and may result in other adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
 
The Parent believes that the ordinary shares should not be treated as shares of a PFIC in the current taxable year, and the Parent does not expect that it will become a PFIC in the future. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not successfully challenge this position or that the Parent will not become a PFIC at some future time as a result of changes in the Parent’s assets, income, or business operations.
 
Each U.S. holder is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning or disposing of the Parent’s ordinary shares if the Parent is or becomes classified as a PFIC, including the possibility of making a mark-to-market election. The remainder of the discussion below assumes that the Parent is not a PFIC, has not been a PFIC and will not become a PFIC in the future.

Information Reporting
 
U.S. individuals and certain entities with interests in “specified foreign financial assets” (including, among other assets, the Parent’s ordinary shares, unless such shares were held on such U.S. holder’s behalf through certain financial institutions) with values in excess of certain thresholds are required to file an information report with the IRS. Taxpayers that fail to file the information report when required are subject to penalties. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the possible obligation to file such information reports in light of their particular circumstances.

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Special Voting Shares
 
NO STATUTORY, JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY DIRECTLY DISCUSSES HOW THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP, OR LOSS OF ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES SHOULD BE TREATED FOR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES AND AS A RESULT, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES THEREOF ARE UNCERTAIN. ACCORDINGLY, U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP, AND LOSS OF ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES.
 
While the tax consequences of the receipt, ownership and loss of entitlement to instruct the nominee on how to vote in respect of Special Voting Shares are unclear, such receipt, ownership and loss is not expected to constitute a separate transaction from ownership of the ordinary shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, neither the receipt of the Special Voting Shares nor the loss of entitlement to instruct the nominee on how to vote the Special Voting Shares is expected to give rise to a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
Material U.K. Tax Considerations
 
The following summary is intended to apply only as a general guide to certain U.K. tax considerations, and is based on current U.K. tax law and current published practice of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (“HMRC”), both of which are subject to change at any time, possibly with retrospective effect. They relate only to certain limited aspects of the U.K. taxation treatment of investors who are resident and, in the case of individuals, domiciled or deemed domiciled in (and only in) the U.K. for U.K. tax purposes (except to the extent that the position of non-U.K. resident shareholders is expressly referred to), who will hold the Parent’s ordinary shares as investments (other than under an individual savings account or a self-invested personal pension) and who are the absolute beneficial owners of the Parent’s ordinary shares. The statements may not apply to certain classes of investors such as (but not limited to) persons acquiring their ordinary shares in connection with an office or employment, dealers in securities, insurance companies, and collective investment schemes.
 
Any shareholder or potential investor should obtain advice from his or her own investment or taxation advisor.
 
Dividends
 
The Parent will not be required to withhold U.K. tax at the source from dividend payments it makes.
 
U.K. resident individual shareholders
 
All dividends received by an individual shareholder from the Parent or from other sources will form part of that shareholder’s total income for income tax purposes and will constitute the top slice of that income. For the tax year 2020/ 2021, the extent that the dividends they receive (whether from the Parent or other companies) exceed the tax free dividend allowance (£2,000 for the tax year 2020/2021, they are taxed on such dividends at either 7.5% (to the extent shareholders are liable to tax only at the basic rate), 32.5% (to the extent shareholders are liable to pay tax at the higher rate) or 38.1% (to the extent shareholders are liable to pay tax at the additional rate).
 
U.K. resident corporate shareholders
 
A corporate shareholder resident in the U.K. for tax purposes which is a “small company” for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 9A of the Corporation Tax Act 2009 will not be subject to U.K. corporation tax on any dividend received from the Parent provided that certain conditions are met (including an anti-avoidance condition).
 
Other corporate shareholders resident in the U.K. for tax purposes will not be subject to U.K. corporation tax on any dividend received from the Parent so long as the dividends fall within an exempt class and certain conditions are met. For example, (1) dividends paid on shares that are not redeemable and do not carry any present or future preferential rights to dividends or to a company’s assets on its winding up, and (2) dividends paid to a person holding less than a 10% interest in the Parent should generally fall within an exempt class. However, the exemptions mentioned above are not comprehensive and are subject to anti-avoidance rules.
If the conditions for exemption are not met or cease to be satisfied, if anti-avoidance provisions apply or if such a corporate shareholder elects an otherwise exempt dividend to be taxable, the shareholder will be subject to U.K. corporation tax on dividends received from the Parent, at the rate of corporation tax applicable to that corporate shareholder (currently 19.00% for the tax year 2020/2021).
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 Non-U.K. resident shareholders
 
A shareholder resident outside the U.K. for tax purposes and who holds the Parent’s ordinary shares as investments will not generally be liable to tax in the U.K. on any dividend received from the Parent unless he or she carries on (whether solely or in partnership) a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency to which the ordinary shares are attributable. There are certain exceptions for trading in the United Kingdom through independent agents, such as some brokers and investment managers.
 
A non-U.K. resident shareholder may also be subject to taxation on dividend income under local law. A shareholder who is not solely resident in the U.K. for tax purposes should consult his or her own tax advisors concerning his or her tax liabilities (in the U.K. and any other country) on dividends received from the Parent, whether he or she is entitled to claim any part of the tax credit and, if so, the procedure for doing so, and whether any double taxation relief is due in any country in which he or she is subject to tax.
 
Taxation of Capital Gains
 
Disposal of the Parent’s Ordinary Shares
 
A disposal or deemed disposal of the Parent's ordinary shares by a shareholder who is resident in the U.K. for tax purposes may, depending upon the shareholder’s circumstances and subject to any available exemptions and reliefs (such as the annual exempt amount for individuals), give rise to a chargeable gain or an allowable loss for the purposes of U.K. taxation of capital gains.
 
If an individual shareholder who is subject to income tax at either the higher or the additional rate becomes liable to U.K. capital gains tax on the disposal of the Parent’s ordinary shares, the applicable rate (for the tax year 2020/2021) will be either 10% or 20%, respectively (save in some limited circumstances).

If a corporate shareholder becomes liable to U.K. corporation tax on the disposal (or deemed disposal) of ordinary shares, the main rate of U.K. corporation tax (at a rate of 19% for the tax year 2020/2021) would apply, subject to any exemptions, reliefs and/or allowable losses. A shareholder which is not resident in the U.K. for tax purposes should not normally be liable to U.K. taxation on chargeable gains on a disposal or deemed disposal of the Parent’s ordinary shares unless the person is carrying on (whether solely or in a partnership) a trade, profession or vocation in the U.K. through a branch or agency (or, in the case of a corporate holder of ordinary shares, through a permanent establishment) to which the ordinary shares are attributable. However, an individual shareholder who has ceased to be resident in the U.K. for the purposes of a double taxation treaty for a period of less than five years and who disposes of the Parent’s ordinary shares during that period of temporary non-residence may be liable on his return to the U.K. (or upon ceasing to be regarded as resident outside the U.K. for purposes of double taxation relief) to U.K. taxation on any capital gain realized (subject to any available exemption or relief).
 
Inheritance Tax
 
The Parent’s ordinary shares will be assets situated in the U.K. for the purposes of U.K. inheritance tax. A gift or settlement of such assets by, or on the death of, an individual holder of such assets may (subject to certain exemptions and reliefs and depending upon the shareholder’s circumstances) give rise to a liability to U.K. inheritance tax even if the holder is not a resident of or domiciled in the U.K. for tax purposes. For inheritance tax purposes, a transfer of assets at less than market value may be treated as a gift and particular rules apply to gifts where the donor reserves or retains some benefit.
 
A charge to inheritance tax may arise in certain circumstances where the Parent’s ordinary shares are held by close companies and by trustees of settlements. Shareholders should consult an appropriate tax advisor as to any inheritance tax implications if they intend to make a gift or transfer at less than market value or intend to hold the Parent’s ordinary shares through a close company or trust arrangement.
 
Shareholders and/or potential investors who are in any doubt as to their tax position, or who are subject to tax in any jurisdiction other than the U.K., should consult a suitable professional advisor.

F.    Dividends and Paying Agents
 
Not applicable.

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G.    Statement of Experts
 
Not applicable.

H.    Documents on Display
 
The Parent files reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, furnishes current reports on Form 6-K and discloses other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. These may be accessed by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

I.    Subsidiary Information
 
Not applicable

Item 11.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of market risks including interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company’s overall risk management strategy focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on its performance through ongoing operational and finance activities. The Company monitors and manages its exposure to such risks both centrally and at the local level, as appropriate, as part of its overall risk management program with the objective of seeking to reduce the potential adverse effects of such risks on its results of operations and financial position.

Depending upon the risk assessment, the Company uses selected derivative hedging instruments, including principally interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, for the purposes of managing interest rate risk and currency risks arising from its operations and sources of financing. The Company’s policy is not to enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.

The following section provides qualitative and quantitative disclosures on the effects that these risks may have. The quantitative data reported below does not have any predictive value and does not reflect the complexity of the markets or reactions which may result from any changes that are assumed to have taken place.

Interest Rate Risk

Indebtedness

The Company’s exposure to changes in market interest rates relates primarily to its cash and financial liabilities which bear floating interest rates. The Company’s policy is to manage interest cost using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. The Company has historically used various techniques to mitigate the risks associated with future changes in interest rates, including entering into interest rate swap and treasury rate lock agreements.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 23% and 24% of the Company’s net debt portfolio was exposed to interest rate fluctuations, respectively. The Company’s exposure to floating rates of interest primarily relates to the Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2023 and Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024. At December 31, 2019, the Company held $625.0 million (notional amount) in interest rate swaps that effectively convert $625.0 million of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022 from fixed interest rate debt to variable rate debt. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $425.0 million (notional amount) in interest rate swaps that were no longer designated as hedging relationships and the fair value of the swaps is recognized in interest expense with no corresponding offset to debt.

A hypothetical 10 basis points increase in interest rates for 2020 and 2019, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in lower income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes of approximately $1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Costs to Fund Jackpot Liabilities

Fluctuations in prime, treasury, and agency rates due to changes in market and other economic conditions directly impact the Company’s cost to fund jackpots and corresponding gaming operating income. If interest rates decline, jackpot cost increases and operating income decreases. The Company estimates a hypothetical decline of one percentage point in applicable interest rates would have reduced operating income by approximately $7.3 million and $5.6 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company does not manage this exposure with derivative financial instruments.
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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The Company operates on an international basis across a number of geographical locations. The Company is exposed to (i) transactional foreign exchange risk when an entity enters into transactions in a currency other than its functional currency, and (ii) translation foreign exchange risk which arises when the Company translates the financial statements of its foreign entities into U.S. dollars for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Transactional Risk

The Company’s subsidiaries generally execute their operating activities in their respective functional currencies. In circumstances where the Company enters into transactions in a currency other than the functional currency of the relevant entity, the Company seeks to minimize its exposure by (i) sharing risk with its customers (for example, in limited circumstances, but whenever possible, the Company negotiates clauses into its contracts that allows for price adjustments should a material change in foreign exchange rates occur), (ii) creating a natural hedge by netting receipts and payments, (iii) utilizing foreign currency borrowings, and (iv) where applicable, by entering into foreign currency forward and option contracts.

The principal foreign currency to which the Company is exposed is the euro. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in lower income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes of approximately $363.3 million and $331.2 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively.

From time to time, the Company enters into foreign currency forward and option contracts to reduce the exposure associated with certain firm commitments, variable service revenues, and certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These contracts generally have average maturities of 12 months or less, and are regularly renewed to provide continuing coverage throughout the year. It is the Company’s policy to negotiate the terms of the hedge derivatives to match the terms of the hedged item to maximize hedge effectiveness.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had forward contracts for the sale of approximately $169.6 million of foreign currency (primarily South African rand, Canadian dollars, Australian dollars, and British pounds) and the purchase of approximately $187.3 million of foreign currency (primarily euro and Polish zlotys).

At December 31, 2019, the Company had forward contracts for the sale of approximately $187.6 million of foreign currency (primarily Colombian peso, Canadian dollars, South African rand, and Australian dollars) and the purchase of approximately $419.2 million of foreign currency (primarily euro and Canadian dollars).

Translation Risk

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are located in countries that are outside of the United States, in particular the Eurozone. As the Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, the income statements of those entities are converted into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate for the period, and while revenues and costs are unchanged in local currency, changes in exchange rates may lead to effects on the converted balances of revenues, costs, and the result in U.S. dollars. The monetary assets and liabilities of consolidated entities that have a reporting currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at the period-end foreign exchange rate. The effects of these changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized directly in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company’s foreign currency exposure primarily arises from changes between the U.S. dollar and the euro. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, would have reduced equity by $118.3 million and $120.4 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Item 12.    Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 13.    Defaults, Dividends, Arrearages, and Delinquencies
 
None.
 
Item 14.    Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
 
See the description of the Loyalty Plan in “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Loyalty Plan.”
 
Item 15.    Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, the Company recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as the Company’s are designed to do.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2020 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of its management including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on this evaluation, its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020 at a reasonable assurance level.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
    
•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded, as necessary, to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and
•provide reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets, that could have a material effect on the financial statements, would be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based upon the framework presented in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
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The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, has audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 as stated in their report appearing in “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16A.    Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
The Parent’s Board of Directors has determined that Vincent L. Sadusky, chairperson of the Audit Committee, is an audit committee financial expert. He is an independent director under the NYSE standards.
 
Item 16B.    Code of Ethics
 
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for Principal Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers which is applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer and controller, and any persons performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics was most recently amended in November 2020 to expressly permit persons reporting violations of the code to bring instances of retaliation, harassment or retribution to the attention of the Audit Committee, in addition to the Board of Directors. This code of ethics is posted on its website, www.igt.com, and may be found as follows: from the main page, first click on “Explore IGT” and then on “Investor Relations” and then on “Management and Governance” and then on “Documents.” The information contained on the Company’s website is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.

Item 16C.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC US”) has been serving as the Company’s independent auditor since 2015.

Aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by PwC US and its foreign entities belonging to the PwC network in 2020 and 2019 were as follows: 
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 20202019
Audit fees10,929 11,090 
Audit-related fees357 660 
Tax fees335 1,294 
All other fees112 147 
11,733 13,191 
 
•Audit fees consist of professional services performed in connection with the annual financial statements.
•Tax fees consist of professional services for tax planning and compliance.
•Audit-related fees consist of assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the financial statements and agreed upon procedures for certain financial statement areas.
•All other fees, other than those reported above, mainly consist of services in relation to intellectual property royalty audits, compliance-related services, and access to online accounting research software applications.
 
Audit Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
 
The Audit Committee pre-approves engagements of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Audit Committee has a policy requiring management to obtain the Audit Committee’s approval before engaging the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm to provide any other audit or permitted non-audit services to the Company or its subsidiaries. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to ensure that such engagements do not impair the independence of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee reviews and pre-approves, if appropriate, specific audit and non-audit services in the categories audit services, tax services, audit-related services, and any other services that may be performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.
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Item 16D.    Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
 
None.

Item 16E.    Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
The Company currently has neither purchased any common shares of the Company nor announced any share buyback plans. The Company has the authority to repurchase, subject to a maximum repurchase price, a maximum of 20,474,483 ordinary shares of the Company. This authority will expire at the end of next year’s annual general meeting, or, if sooner, on December 24, 2021.

Item 16F.    Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
 
None.

Item 16G.    Corporate Governance
 
The Parent is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales and qualifies as a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. In accordance with the NYSE listing rules related to corporate governance, listed companies that are foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home-country practice in some circumstances in lieu of the provisions of the corporate governance rules contained in Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual that are otherwise applicable to listed companies. However, for as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Company will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Company is a foreign private issuer.

Item 16H.    Mine Safety Disclosure
 
Not applicable.

PART III
Item 17.    Financial Statements
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 18.    Financial Statements
 
The audited Consolidated Financial Statements as required under Item 18 are attached hereto starting on page F-1 of this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
Item 19.    Exhibits
 
A list of exhibits included as part of this annual report on Form 20-F is set forth in the Index to Exhibits immediately following this Item 19.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit Description
   
1.1 
   
  There have not been filed as exhibits to this Form 20-F certain long-term debt instruments, none of which relates to indebtedness that exceeds 10% of the consolidated assets of International Game Technology PLC. International Game Technology PLC agrees to furnish the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of International Game Technology PLC and its consolidated subsidiaries.
   
2.1
   
2.2 
Senior Facilities Agreement dated November 4, 2014, as amended April 2, 2015, October 28, 2015, June 26, 2016, July 31, 2017, December 17, 2018, July 24, 2019 and May 7, 2020 for the US$1,050,000,000 and €625,000,000 multicurrency revolving credit facilities among International Game Technology PLC (as successor to GTECH S.p.A.), as the Parent and a Borrower; GTECH Corporation, as a Borrower; J.P. Morgan Limited and Mediobanca — Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A., as the Global Coordinators, Bookrunners, and Mandated Lead Arrangers; the entities listed in Part III of Schedule I thereto, as the Bookrunners and Mandated Lead Arrangers, the entities listed in Part IV of Schedule I thereto, as the Mandated Lead Arrangers; the entities listed in Part V of Schedule I thereto, as the Arrangers, the financial institutions listed in Part IIA of Schedule I thereto, as the Original Lenders; The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as the Agent; The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as the Issuing Agent; KeyBank National Association, as the Swingline Agent; and the financial institutions listed in Part IIB of Schedule I thereto, as the Original US Dollar Swingline Lenders (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Company’s Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 13, 2020).
   
2.3
Senior Facility Agreement dated July 25, 2017, as amended December 18, 2018, July 18, 2019 and May 8, 2020 for the €1,500,000,000 term loan facility among International Game Technology PLC, as the Borrower; Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Limited and Mediobanca - Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A. as Global Coordinators, Bookrunners, and Mandated Lead Arrangers; BNP Paribas, Italian Branch, Banca IMI S.p.A., and UniCredit Bank AG, Milan Branch, as Bookrunners and Mandated Lead Arrangers; Barclays Bank PLC, Credit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank, Milan Branch, ING Bank N.V. - Milan Branch, National Westminster Bank PLC, Socgen Inversiones Financiers S.A.U., The Bank of Nova Scotia, and Credit Suisse AG, Milan Branch as Mandated Lead Arrangers; Mediobanca - Banca di Credito Finanziario S.p.A., as the Agent; and others (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.5 of the Company’s Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 13, 2020).
2.4 
Indenture dated as of April 7, 2015 among International Game Technology PLC, as the Issuer; certain subsidiaries of International Game Technology PLC, as the Initial Guarantors; BNY Mellon Corporate Trustee Services Limited, as Trustee; The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Security Agent; The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as Euro Paying Agent and Transfer Agent; The Bank of New York Mellon, as Dollar Paying Agent and Dollar Registrar; and The Bank of New York Mellon (Luxembourg) S.A., as Euro Registrar, with respect to $600,000,000 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2020, $1,500,000,000 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2022, $1,100,000,000 6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2025, €700,000,000 4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2020 and €850,000,000 4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2023 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by International Game Technology on April 10, 2015).
2.5 
   
2.6 
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Exhibit Description
   
2.7 
   
2.8 
   
2.9 
2.10 
   
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
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Exhibit Description
2.17
4.1 
4.2
   
4.3 
   
4.4 
   
4.5 
   
4.6
4.7
4.8
8.1 
   
12.1 
   
12.2 
   
13.1 
   
13.2 
   
15.1 
   
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document
   
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Exhibit Description
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
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SIGNATURE
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
 
 INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
  
  
 /s/ MASSIMILIANO CHIARA
 Name: Massimiliano Chiara
 Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
Dated:  March 2, 2021
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ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
F-2
  
F-5
  
F-6
  
F-7
  
F-8
  
F-10
  
F-11
  

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of International Game Technology PLC

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International Game Technology PLC and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive (loss) income, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Changes in Accounting Principles

As discussed in Notes 2 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for revenue from contracts with customers in 2018 and the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Goodwill Impairment Assessments - Global Gaming and Former NAGI and International Reporting Units

As described in Notes 2 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $4,713 million as of December 31, 2020. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. In performing the goodwill impairment test, management estimates the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. During the first quarter of 2020, management determined there was an interim goodwill impairment triggering event caused by COVID-19. Management recorded a $296 million impairment loss, of which $193 million and $103 million was recorded within the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive (“NAGI”) reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of the reporting units to fair value. On July 1, the Company adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming. This resulted in a change of the Company’s reporting units. As a result of the change in reporting units, at July 1, 2020, management allocated goodwill to the new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the Global Gaming reporting unit was $2,209 million. As disclosed by management, estimating the fair value of reporting units requires management to use judgment in making estimates and making forecasts that are based on a number of factors including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessments for Global Gaming and the former NAGI and International reporting units is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the reporting units; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates and weighted-average costs of capital; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessments, including controls over the valuation of the Global Gaming and former NAGI and International reporting units. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the income approach; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the income approach; and (iv) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates and weighted-average costs of capital. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, and terminal growth rates involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting units, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s income approach and the weighted-average costs of capital assumption.

Revenue Recognition – Identifying and Evaluating Contractual Terms and Conditions

As described in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company generated service and product revenues of $2,640 million and $476 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company often enters into contracts with customers that consist of a combination of services and products that are accounted for as one or more distinct performance obligations. As disclosed by management, judgment is applied in identifying and evaluating the contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition.
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The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition, specifically identifying and evaluating contractual terms and conditions, is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management in identifying and evaluating contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate whether terms and conditions in contracts were appropriately identified and evaluated by management.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to revenue recognition, including controls related to the identification and evaluation of contractual terms and conditions impacting the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating and testing management’s process for identifying performance obligations and assessing the pattern of revenue recognition, and (ii) evaluating, on a test basis, the completeness and accuracy of the contractual terms and conditions identified in contracts with customers.

Assets Held for Sale - Goodwill Allocation to Discontinued Operations

As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, had entered into a definitive agreement to sell one hundred percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian business-to-consumer (“B2C”) gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A. Management determined that the sale met the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and, as a result, the Italian Gaming B2C historical financial results are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale for all periods presented. The Company’s assets held for sale as part of discontinued operations were $833 million as of December 31, 2020. Management allocated $520 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within the Global Gaming reporting unit. As disclosed by management, estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the Company's management to use its judgment in making estimates and making forecasts that are based on a number of factors including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the allocation of goodwill to assets held for sale within discontinued operations is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the Global Gaming reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates and weighted-average costs of capital; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill allocation to discontinued operations, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s Global Gaming reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the income approach; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the income approach; and (iv) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates and weighted-average costs of capital. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, and terminal growth rates involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Global Gaming reporting unit, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s income approach and the weighted-average costs of capital assumption.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 2, 2021

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.


F-4
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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ thousands, except par value and number of shares)
 
 December 31,
 Notes20202019
Assets  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents907,015 654,628 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents199,246 220,962 
Trade and other receivables, net5846,128 875,263 
Inventories6169,207 161,790 
Other current assets7479,649 513,015 
Assets held for sale3838,840 208,379 
Total current assets3,440,085 2,634,037 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net101,068,121 1,205,592 
Property, plant and equipment, net10131,602 146,055 
Operating lease right-of-use assets11288,196 296,751 
Goodwill134,713,489 4,931,235 
Intangible assets, net141,577,354 1,749,614 
Other non-current assets71,773,641 1,917,751 
Assets held for sale3— 763,555 
Total non-current assets9,552,403 11,010,553 
Total assets12,992,488 13,644,590 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity  
Current liabilities:  
Accounts payable1,126,043 1,059,033 
Current portion of long-term debt16392,672 462,155 
Short-term borrowings16480 3,193 
Other current liabilities15846,273 758,818 
Liabilities held for sale3249,573 185,152 
Total current liabilities2,615,041 2,468,351 
Long-term debt, less current portion167,857,086 7,600,169 
Deferred income taxes17333,010 393,040 
Operating lease liabilities11266,227 272,350 
Other non-current liabilities15359,961 395,866 
Liabilities held for sale3— 29,836 
Total non-current liabilities8,816,284 8,691,261 
Total liabilities11,431,325 11,159,612 
Commitments and contingencies18
Shareholders’ equity  
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; 204,856,564 and 204,435,333 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
20,485 20,443 
Additional paid-in capital2,346,921 2,395,532 
Retained deficit(1,920,484)(1,020,238)
Accumulated other comprehensive income19329,815 262,525 
Total IGT PLC’s shareholders’ equity776,737 1,658,262 
Non-controlling interests784,426 826,716 
Total shareholders’ equity1,561,163 2,484,978 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity12,992,488 13,644,590 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Operations
($ and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202020192018
Service revenue4, 212,639,558 3,100,868 3,195,930 
Product sales4, 21475,898 930,889 784,942 
Total revenue4, 213,115,456 4,031,757 3,980,872 
Cost of services1,633,899 1,777,225 1,772,224 
Cost of product sales345,800 558,011 491,030 
Selling, general and administrative706,895 849,620 845,503 
Research and development190,948 266,241 263,279 
Restructuring1245,045 24,855 14,781 
Goodwill impairment13296,000 99,000 118,000 
Other operating expense (income), net4,334 (21,111)2,458 
Total operating expenses3,222,921 3,553,841 3,507,275 
Operating (loss) income 21(107,465)477,916 473,597 
Interest expense, net16(397,916)(410,875)(417,383)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net(308,898)39,874 129,086 
Other (expense) income, net(33,428)21,092 (51,432)
Total non-operating expenses(740,242)(349,909)(339,729)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes17(847,707)128,007 133,868 
Provision for income taxes1727,698 130,757 144,164 
Loss from continuing operations(875,405)(2,750)(10,296)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax336,681 114,408 124,943 
Net (loss) income (838,724)111,658 114,647 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations63,926 126,144 108,758 
Less: Redeemable non-controlling interests in income from continuing operations— — 20,326 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations3(4,760)4,539 6,913 
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC(897,890)(19,025)(21,350)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic and diluted23(4.59)(0.63)(0.68)
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic and diluted23(4.39)(0.09)(0.10)
Weighted-average shares - basic and diluted23204,725 204,373 204,083 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
($ thousands)
 
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202020192018
Net (loss) income (838,724)111,658 114,647 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax19127,551 (16,527)(90,784)
Unrealized loss on hedges, net of tax19(537)(1,451)(1,531)
Unrealized (loss) gain on other, net of tax19(269)3,060 (5,008)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax19126,745 (14,918)(97,323)
Comprehensive (loss) income(711,979)96,740 17,324 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests118,621 114,777 96,980 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests — — 20,326 
Comprehensive loss attributable to IGT PLC(830,600)(18,037)(99,982)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ thousands)
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202020192018
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net (loss) income (838,724)111,658 114,647 
Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax36,681 114,408 124,943 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations:   
Depreciation354,854 385,987 383,591 
Foreign exchange loss (gain), net308,898 (39,874)(129,086)
Goodwill impairment13296,000 99,000 118,000 
Amortization211,340 227,956 223,902 
Amortization of upfront license fees210,432 205,739 217,341 
Loss on extinguishment of debt28,265 11,964 54,423 
Debt issuance cost amortization21,327 22,436 22,042 
Gain on sale of assets(27)(64,714)(318)
Stock-based compensation22(6,877)26,514 33,086 
Deferred income taxes(78,207)(68,293)(34,494)
Other non-cash items, net(1,675)18,942 29,027 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of dispositions and acquisitions:   
Trade and other receivables73,578 (49,267)(72,133)
Inventories16,628 84,472 12,556 
Accounts payable4,595 28,247 (56,256)
Upfront license fees— — (878,055)
Other assets and liabilities31,076 20,981 (136,939)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations594,802 907,340 (223,609)
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations270,829 185,795 253,235 
Net cash provided by operating activities865,631 1,093,135 29,626 
Cash flows from investing activities   
Capital expenditures(254,689)(377,248)(472,278)
Proceeds from sale of assets9,251 123,855 19,118 
Other12,151 5,851 2,272 
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(233,287)(247,542)(450,888)
Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations(35,284)(64,648)(60,649)
Net cash used in investing activities(268,571)(312,190)(511,537)
Cash flows from financing activities   
Principal payments on long-term debt(988,379)(1,264,647)(1,899,888)
Payments in connection with the extinguishment of debt(25,000)(8,689)(49,976)
Payments of debt issuance costs(21,584)(25,930)(17,033)
Net (payments of) proceeds from short-term borrowings(7,135)(32,067)34,822 
Net receipts from (payments of) financial liabilities67,138 (34,324)7,123 
Proceeds from long-term debt750,000 1,397,025 1,687,761 
Dividends paid(40,887)(163,503)(163,236)
Dividends paid - non-controlling interests(136,389)(136,655)(126,926)
Return of capital - non-controlling interests(32,309)(98,788)(85,121)
Capital increase - non-controlling interests8,112 1,499 321,584 
Other(11,426)(10,195)(20,655)
Net cash used in financing activities(437,859)(376,274)(311,545)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents159,201 404,671 (793,456)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents75,770 (22,197)(197)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period894,251 511,777 1,305,430 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period1,129,222 894,251 511,777 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations22,961 18,661 23,749 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period of continuing operations1,106,261875,590488,028
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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ thousands)
 For the year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information   
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest(409,560)(400,022)(445,694)
Income taxes(89,006)(196,831)(178,547)
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures(24,152)(34,878)(40,915)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
($ thousands)
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income		Total
IGT PLC
Equity		Non-
Controlling
Interests		Total
Equity
Balance at December 31, 201720,344 2,676,854 (1,032,372)340,169 2,004,995 349,936 2,354,931 
Net (loss) income— — (21,350)— (21,350)115,671 94,321 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — (78,632)(78,632)(18,691)(97,323)
Total comprehensive (loss) income— — (21,350)(78,632)(99,982)96,980 (3,002)
Reclassification of redeemable non-controlling interests
— — — — — 377,243 377,243 
Capital increase— — — — — 319,254 319,254 
Adoption of new accounting standards— — 45,527 — 45,527 — 45,527 
Stock-based compensation— 33,086 — — 33,086 — 33,086 
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options15 (1,566)— — (1,551)— (1,551)
Shares issued under stock award plans62 (11,153)— — (11,091)— (11,091)
Return of capital— — — — — (85,046)(85,046)
Dividends paid— (163,236)— — (163,236)(114,337)(277,573)
Other— 149 2 — 151 — 151 
Balance at December 31, 201820,421 2,534,134 (1,008,193)261,537 1,807,899 944,030 2,751,929 
Net (loss) income— — (19,025)— (19,025)130,683 111,658 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — 988 988 (15,906)(14,918)
Total comprehensive (loss) income— — (19,025)988 (18,037)114,777 96,740 
Stock-based compensation— 26,514 — — 26,514 — 26,514 
Capital increase— — — — — 1,499 1,499 
Shares issued under stock award plans22 (1,613)— — (1,591)— (1,591)
Return of capital— — — — — (98,872)(98,872)
Dividends paid— (163,503)— — (163,503)(136,836)(300,339)
Other— — 6,980 — 6,980 2,118 9,098 
Balance at December 31, 201920,443 2,395,532 (1,020,238)262,525 1,658,262 826,716 2,484,978 
Net (loss) income— — (897,890)— (897,890)59,166 (838,724)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 67,290 67,290 59,455 126,745 
Total comprehensive (loss) income— — (897,890)67,290 (830,600)118,621 (711,979)
Capital increase— 390 — — 390 8,931 9,321 
Shares issued under stock award plans42 (1,237)— — (1,195)— (1,195)
Stock-based compensation— (6,877)— — (6,877)— (6,877)
Return of capital— — — — — (32,238)(32,238)
Dividends paid— (40,887)— — (40,887)(137,611)(178,498)
Other— — (2,356)— (2,356)7 (2,349)
Balance at December 31, 202020,485 2,346,921 (1,920,484)329,815 776,737 784,426 1,561,163 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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International Game Technology PLC
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1.    Description of Business
 
International Game Technology PLC (the “Parent”), together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “IGT PLC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”), is a global leader in gaming that delivers entertaining and responsible gaming experiences for players across all channels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to sports betting and digital. We operate and provide an integrated portfolio of innovative gaming technology products and services, including: lottery management services, online and instant lottery systems, gaming systems, instant ticket printing, electronic gaming machines, sports betting, digital gaming, and commercial services. We have a local presence and relationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Preparation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements are stated in thousands of U.S. dollars (except share and per share data) unless otherwise indicated. We have reclassified certain prior period amounts to align with the current period presentation and recast certain prior period amounts, as discussed below. All references to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. dollar,” “U.S. $,” “USD,” and “$” refer to the currency of the United States of America. All references to “euro,” “EUR,” and “€” refer to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as amended.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, had entered into a definitive agreement to sell one hundred percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A The Company’s Italian Gaming B2C business met the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and, as a result, the Italian Gaming B2C historical financial results are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale for all periods presented. Refer to Note 3 - Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale for further information.

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent, our majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, and any variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Earnings or losses attributable to non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are included in net (loss) income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Investments in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, and with respect to which we are not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Equity investments in which we have no ability to exercise significant influence that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not have a Net Asset Value per share are measured at cost, less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. Equity method investments are included within other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Recasting of Certain Prior Period Information

On July 1, 2020, we adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. During the third quarter of 2020, our chief operating decision maker, who is also our Chief Executive Officer, requested changes in the information that he regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. As a result, we report our financial performance based on our new business segments described in Note 21 – Segment Information. We have recast our historically presented comparative segment information to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor segment performance as of the third quarter of 2020. This realignment of our operating segments has a pervasive impact on the presentation of our comparative period data. This change primarily impacted Note 4 - Revenue Recognition, Note 5 - Trade and Other Receivables, net, Note 7 - Other Assets, Note 12 - Restructuring , Note 13 - Goodwill, and Note 21 – Segment Information, with no impact on consolidated revenue, net income, or cash flows.
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Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject to terms customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position in each period presented. Refer to Note 3 - Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, for further information.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, judgments, and methodologies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenues and expenses. The full extent to which the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, COVID-19 (“COVID-19”), will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, including sales, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing, research and development costs, and employee-related amounts, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain it or treat it, as well as the economic impact on local, regional, national, and international customers and markets. We have made estimates of the impact of COVID-19 within our financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Given the anticipated continued impact of COVID-19 and the resulting extended economic slowdown, we have revised our forecast, evaluated our liquidity position, and evaluated our ability to comply with the amended financial covenants in our debt agreements as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Based on the revised forecast, management believes that our financial position, forecasted net cash provided by operations, available cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2020, and borrowing capacity under our amended Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024 as described in Note 16 - Debt, will be sufficient to fund our current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements, and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months.

Revenue Recognition

We account for a contract with a customer when:
i.we have written approval;
ii.the contract is committed;
iii.the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified;
iv.the contract has commercial substance; and
v.collectability of consideration is probable.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer products or services that are distinct. If we enter into two or more contracts at or near the same time, the contracts may be combined and accounted for as one contract, in which case we determine whether the services or products in the combined contract are distinct. A service or product that is promised to a customer is distinct if both of the following criteria are met:
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•The customer can benefit from the service or product either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer; and
•Our promise to transfer the service or product to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

Revenue is recognized when (or as) control of a promised service or product transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration (which represents the transaction price) to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring that service or product. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, we estimate the amount to which we expect to be entitled using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Our contracts may include terms that could cause variability in the consideration, including, for example, rebates, volume discounts, service-level penalties, and performance bonuses or other forms of contingent revenue.

Our standard payment terms dictate that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable within 30 days. Invoices are generally issued as control transfers and/or as services are rendered. Additionally, in determining the transaction price, we adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the payment terms are not standard and the timing of payments agreed to by the parties to the contract provide the customer or the Company with a significant benefit of financing, in which case the contract contains a significant financing component. Most arrangements that contain a significant financing component include explicit financing terms.

We may include subcontractor services or third-party vendor services or products in certain arrangements. In these arrangements, revenue from sales of third-party vendor services or products are recorded net of costs when we are acting as an agent between the customer and the vendor, and gross when we are the principal for the transaction. To determine whether we are an agent or principal, we consider whether we obtain control of the services or products before they are transferred to the customer. In making this evaluation, several factors are considered, most notably whether we have primary responsibility for fulfillment to the customer, as well as inventory risk and pricing discretion.

Service Revenue
Service revenue is derived from the following sources:

•Operating and Facilities Management Contracts;
•Gaming terminal services; and
•System, software and other

Operating and Facilities Management Contracts

Our revenue from operating contracts is derived primarily from long-term exclusive operating licenses in Italy. Under operating contracts, we manage all the activities along the lottery value chain including collecting wagers, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the game. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service).

Under operating contracts, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of consideration to which we are typically entitled is variable based on a percentage of sales. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. In arrangements where we are performing services on behalf of the government and the government is considered our customer, revenue is recognized net of prize payments, taxes, retailer commissions, and remittances to state authorities. Under operating contracts, we are generally required to pay an upfront license fee. Refer to the Upfront License Fee policy below for further details.

Our revenue from facilities management contracts (“FMC”) is generated by assembling, installing, and operating the online lottery system and related point-of-sale equipment. Under a typical FMC, we maintain ownership of the technology and are responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract. FMCs typically include a wide range of support services that are provided throughout the contract and are part of the integrated solution that the customer has contracted to obtain. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct
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services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer. Under FMCs, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled is typically variable based on a percentage of sales, although under certain of its agreements, the Company receives fees based on a fixed fee arrangement. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer, as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Gaming terminal services

Our revenue from gaming terminal services is generated by providing customers with proprietary land-based gaming systems and equipment under a variety of recurring revenue or lease arrangements, including a percentage of amounts wagered, a percentage of net win, or a fixed daily/monthly fee.

Included in gaming terminal services are wide area progressive (“WAP”) systems. WAP systems consist of linked slot machines located in multiple casino properties, connected to a central computer system. WAP systems include a Company-sponsored progressive jackpot that increases with every wager until a player wins the top award combination. Casinos with WAP machines pay a percentage of amounts wagered for services related to the design, assembly, installation, operation, maintenance, and marketing of the WAP systems, as well as funding and administration of Company-sponsored progressive jackpots. A portion of the total fee collected is allocated to the WAP jackpot. Since the jackpot is a payment to the customer, the portion allocated to the jackpot is classified as a reduction of revenue.

In some arrangements, there is a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled typically is variable based on a percentage of wagers. This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the customer for the services transferred in the amount that we have the right to invoice. In other arrangements where the end customer is the player, we record revenue net of prize payouts once the wagering outcome has been determined.

Systems, software, and other – Global Lottery

Our lottery contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified upgrades or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services including software development. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).

We also develop technology to enable lotteries to offer commercial services over their existing lottery infrastructure or over standalone networks separate from the lottery. Leveraging our distribution network and secure transaction processing, we offer high-volume processing of commercial transactions including: prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges, and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In most cases, these arrangements are considered to be short in duration. The amount of transaction price that we are typically entitled to is variable based on the number of transactions processed. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Systems, software, and other – Global Gaming

We also generate revenue from other services, including video central system monitoring, system support, licensing of IP, and sports betting.

Our contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, content licensing, royalty fees, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified updates or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).

We provide sports betting technology and services to commercial and tribal operators and lotteries in regulated markets, primarily in the U.S.

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In the service contracts to our U.S. licensed sports book operators, we provide the sports betting platform and a variety of services including installation, configuration and integration services. For customers who want to have an outsourcing model, we also offer trading services with the inclusion of odds setting and risk management. Under these contracts, we generally record a percentage of net sports revenue over the contractual term.

Product Sales
Product sales are derived from the following sources:

•Lottery products
•Gaming terminals
•Gaming other

Lottery products

Lottery product revenue primarily includes the sale of lottery equipment, lottery systems and printed products.

Our revenue from the sale of lottery systems and equipment typically includes multiple performance obligations, where we assemble, sell, deliver, and install a turnkey system (inclusive of point-of-sale terminals, if applicable) or deliver equipment and license the computer software for a fixed price, and the customer subsequently operates the system or equipment. Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under contracts where the sale is typically secured by the related equipment sold. Revenue from the sale of lottery systems and equipment is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement. These arrangements generally include customer acceptance provisions and general rights to terminate the contract if we are in breach of the contract or at the convenience of the customer. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is satisfied over time if the customer controls the asset as it is created (i.e., when the asset is built at the customer site) or if our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment plus a reasonable profit for performance completed to date. If revenue is not recognized over time, it is generally recognized upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the satisfaction of customer acceptance provisions. If the transaction includes multiple performance obligations, it is accounted for under arrangements with multiple performance obligations, discussed below.

Our other lottery product sales are primarily derived from the production and sales of instant ticket games under multi-year contracts. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is generally satisfied at a point in time (i.e., upon transfer of control of the game tickets to the customer) based on the contractual terms of each arrangement.

Gaming terminals

Our revenue from the sale or sales-type lease of gaming terminals includes embedded game content, machine related equipment, licensing and royalty fees, and component parts. Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under contracts where the sale is typically secured by the related equipment sold. Revenue from the sale of gaming machines is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement, but predominantly upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the lapse of customer acceptance provisions. If the sale of gaming machines includes multiple performance obligations, these arrangements are accounted for under arrangements with multiple performance obligations, discussed below.

Gaming other

Other gaming product revenue is primarily comprised of gaming system sales, content licensing, software sales, non-machine related equipment and component parts (including game themes and electronic conversion kits). Our revenue from the sale of gaming systems typically includes multiple performance obligations, where we sell, deliver, and install a turnkey system or deliver equipment and license the computer software for a fixed price, and the customer subsequently operates the system. These arrangements generally include customer acceptance provisions and general rights to terminate the contract if we are in breach of the contract. Such arrangements include hardware, software, and professional services. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is generally satisfied upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the satisfaction of customer acceptance provisions.

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Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
We often enter into contracts that consist of a combination of services and products based on the needs of our customers, which may include post-contract support for the software and a contract for post-warranty maintenance service for the hardware. These contracts consist of multiple services and products, whereby the hardware and software may be delivered in one period and the software support and hardware maintenance services are delivered over time.

To the extent that a service or product in an arrangement with multiple performance obligations is subject to other specific accounting guidance, that service or product is accounted for in accordance with such specific guidance.

For all other distinct services and products in these arrangements, the arrangement transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis or another method that depicts the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services or products. If the services and products are not distinct, we determine an appropriate measure of progress based on the nature of our overall promise for the single performance obligation.

To the extent we grant the customer the option to acquire additional services or products in one of these arrangements, we account for the option as a distinct performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into the contract (i.e., a significant discount incremental to the range of discounts typically given for the service or product), in which case the customer in effect pays in advance for the option to purchase future services or products. We allocate a portion of the transaction price to the material right and recognize revenue when those future services or products are transferred or when the option expires.

Standalone Selling Price
We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. The SSP is the price at which we would sell a promised service or product separately to a customer. In some instances, we are able to establish SSP based on the observable prices of services or products sold separately in comparable circumstances to a similar customer. We typically establish an SSP range for our services and products that are reassessed on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change.

In other instances, we may not be able to establish an SSP range based on observable prices, and we estimate the SSP by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, competitor actions, internal costs, profit objectives, and pricing practices. Estimating SSP is a formal process that includes review and approval by management.

Contract Costs
Certain eligible, non-recurring costs incurred in the initial phases of service contracts are deferred and amortized ratably over the expected period of benefit, which includes anticipated contract renewals or extensions. Recurring operating costs in these contracts are recognized as incurred.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions
We report revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. For certain of our long-term contracts, we capitalize and amortize incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) on a straight-line basis over the expected customer relationship period if we expect to recover those costs.

We do not account for significant financing components if the period between when we transfer the promised service or product to the customer and when the customer pays for that service or product will be one year or less.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) performance obligations for which we recognize revenue at the amount that we have the right to invoice for services performed, (iii) contracts for which variable consideration is accounted for in accordance with sales-based or usage-based royalty guidance, and (iv) wholly unperformed contracts.
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Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets arise from contracts when revenue is recognized over time and the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. These amounts are included in contract assets until the right to payment is no longer conditional on events other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include deferred revenue, advance payments, and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to directors and employees. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date or modification date, based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the vesting period(s). For awards subject to cliff vesting, compensation cost is recognized by way of a straight-line method over the award’s expected vesting period. For awards subject to graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized by way of an accelerated attribution method over the entire awards’ expected vesting periods.

Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $25.0 million, $34.2 million, and $51.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs (“R&D”), which include salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation, consultants’ fees, facilities-related costs, material costs, depreciation, and travel, are expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition, such as bank deposits, money market funds, and interest bearing bank accounts with insignificant interest rate risk. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying amount.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
We are required by gaming regulation to maintain sufficient reserves in restricted cash accounts to be used for the purpose of funding payments to WAP jackpot winners. These restricted cash balances are based primarily on the jackpot meters displayed to slot players, or for previously won jackpots, and vary by jurisdiction. Under our Italian Lotto contract, we deposit wagers, net of prizes paid and retailer commissions retained by the retailer at point of sale, into bank accounts, the use of which is restricted based on the contract with our customer. Restricted cash is also maintained for interactive digital player deposits, collections on factored and serviced receivables not yet paid through to the third-party owner, and for customer funds received in relation to the provision of our commercial services. These amounts are restricted based on the contracts with our customers or local regulations.

Allowance for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses on receivables resulting from the expected failure or inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance is regularly reviewed by considering factors such as the creditworthiness of our customers, historical experience, aging of receivables, and current market and economic conditions, as well as management’s expectations of future conditions when appropriate. The allowance is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected.

We estimate expected credit losses on receivables on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Trade and other receivables and customer financing receivables represent the initial pools which are segregated further by business segment, geography, internal risk rating, and aging. The risk of loss is assessed over the contractual life of the receivables and we adjust historical loss rates for current and future conditions based on qualitative considerations. The expected loss rate for each receivable pool is applied to the aggregate receivable balance to determine the allowance requirement. Receivables are written off against the allowance in the period they are determined to be uncollectible.

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We determine delinquency based on the contractual payment terms. An account may be considered delinquent if there are unpaid balances remaining on the account the day after the contractual due date.

For amounts due from certain government customers in the Global Lottery business segment, we have not established an allowance as we have no expectation of loss based on a long history of no credit losses and the explicit guarantee of a sovereign entity.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (applying the first in, first out method) and net realizable value. Allowances are made for defective, obsolete, or excess inventory.

Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, Net and Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
We have two categories of fixed assets: systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts (“Systems & Equipment”); and property, plant and equipment (“PPE”).

Systems & Equipment are assets that primarily support our operating contracts, FMCs, and WAP systems (collectively, the “Contracts”) and are principally composed of lottery and gaming assets. PPE are assets we use internally, not associated with Contracts, primarily related to production and assembly, selling, general and administration, and R&D.

Systems & Equipment and PPE are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Depreciation commences when the asset is placed in service and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas major improvements that increase asset values and extend useful lives are capitalized. 
The estimated useful lives for Systems & Equipment depends on the type of asset. Lottery assets (such as terminals, mainframe computers, communications equipment, and software development costs) have estimated useful lives that generally do not exceed 10 years and commercial gaming machines have estimated useful lives of three to five years.

The estimated useful lives for PPE are 40 years for buildings and five to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life. 

Systems & Equipment and PPE are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted forecasted cash flows resulting from the use and eventual disposition of such asset. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Goodwill
The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying identifiable net assets of acquired businesses, and is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Effective July 1, 2020, the Company adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments, Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units. Prior to this change, we had four reporting units: North America Gaming and Interactive, North America Lottery, International, and Italy.

Goodwill has been allocated to and is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is the same level as our operating segments. We evaluate our reporting units annually and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value approach. As of December 31, 2020 we have identified two reporting units - Global Lottery and Global Gaming.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We either first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary, or elect to perform a quantitative one-step process. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting
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unit’s fair value. In performing the goodwill impairment test, we estimate the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows.

Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets, which include indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are composed of trademarks for which there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which they are expected to generate net cash inflows. Definite-lived intangible assets, which are primarily composed of customer relationships and computer software and game library, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Amortization of software-related intangibles is included in cost of services and cost of product sales and amortization of other intangible assets is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. The estimated economic lives of our definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
CategoryEstimated
economic life
Trademarks
1 - 20 years
Developed technologies
2 - 15 years
Customer relationships
2 - 20 years
Computer software and game library
3 - 14 years
Licenses
3 - 23 years
Other
4 - 17 years

Indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. More detail surrounding intangible assets is discussed in Note 14 - Intangible Assets, net.

Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs incurred in the development of our externally-sold software products are expensed as incurred, except certain software development costs eligible for capitalization. Software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility and through the general release of the software products are capitalized. Capitalized costs are amortized over the products’ estimated economic life to cost of product sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Costs incurred during the application development phase of software for services provided to customers are capitalized as internal-use software and amortized over the useful life to cost of services. Costs incurred during the application of software for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the useful life to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Upfront License Fees
We periodically make long-term investments in contracts with customers and obtain licenses to supply products and services to the customers. As consideration, we pay license fees, which are classified as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize the amortization of the license fees as a reduction of service revenue over the estimated economic life of the license term. This method reflects the pattern in which economic benefits are expected to be realized. The recoverability of each payment is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the contracts’ future cash flows. We evaluate these assets for impairment and update amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis. The assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable. In periods in which payments are made to the customer, we classify the payment as a cash outflow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Jackpot Accounting
We incur costs to fund jackpots and accrue jackpot liabilities with every wager on devices connected to a WAP system. Jackpot liabilities are estimated based on the size of the jackpot, the number of WAP units in service, variations and volume of play, and interest rate movements. Jackpots are generally payable to winners immediately, in the case of instant wins, or in equal annual installments over 20 to 26 years. Winners may elect to receive a lump sum payment for the present value of the jackpot discounted at applicable interest rates in lieu of periodic annual installments.

Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners, and amounts due to future winners of jackpots not yet won. Liabilities due to previous winners for periodic payments are carried at the accreted cost of a qualifying U.S. government or agency annuity investment that may be purchased at the time of the jackpot win. If the periodic liability is not initially funded with an annuity investment, it is discounted and accreted using the risk-free rate at the time of the jackpot win.

Liabilities due to future winners are recorded at the present value of the estimated amount of jackpots not yet won. We estimate the present value of these liabilities using current market rates, weighted with historical lump sum payout election ratios. Based on the most recent historical patterns, approximately 85% of winners will elect the lump sum payment option. The current portion of these liabilities are estimated based on historical experience with winner payment elections, in conjunction with the theoretical projected number of jackpots.

Legal and Other Contingencies
Loss contingency provisions arising from a legal proceeding or claim are recorded for probable and estimable losses at the best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, at the minimum estimated loss, the determination of which requires significant judgment. If it is reasonably possible but not probable that a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the amount or range of estimated loss is disclosed, if material. We evaluate our provisions for legal contingencies at least quarterly and, as appropriate, establish new provisions or adjust existing provisions to reflect the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings, and other relevant events and developments, the advice of counsel, and the assumptions and judgment of management. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are categorized, based on the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the use of observable inputs and the lowest priority to the use of unobservable inputs. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. These levels are as follows:
•Level 1 - inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•Level 2 - inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments.
•Level 3 - inputs are unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. 

Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. All derivatives are recorded gross, except netting of foreign exchange contracts and counterparty netting of interest receivable and payable related to interest rate swaps, as applicable. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the nature of the hedge and the hedge effectiveness. Derivative gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged items.

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified when the hedged item affects earnings. At that time, the amount is reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

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For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value are recorded in interest income (expense) and are offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instrument due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. In the event the derivative instruments are subsequently de-designated as hedges, the change in fair value is recognized in interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations with no corresponding offset to debt.

For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the spot portion of the derivative gain or loss is reported in foreign currency translation within other comprehensive income (loss) to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in the subsidiary. All other components of the derivative fair value will be reported in income, as either interest income or interest expense, on an amortized basis.

Derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in foreign exchange (loss) gain, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Leases
We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. As a lessee, we recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any upfront lease payments or initial direct costs and are adjusted for lease incentives received.

We consider renewal and termination options, including whether they are reasonably certain to be exercised, in determining the lease term and establishing the ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated using our incremental borrowing rate, which is based on the lease currency and length of the lease, unless the implicit rate is determinable.

Most of our lease contracts contain both lease and non-lease components. As a lessee, we combine lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets except certain communication equipment. For certain communication equipment, we allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components based on relative standalone price. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred except for certain rent payments that depend on an index, which are included in lease payments using the index rate in effect as of the lease commencement date.

Short-term leases, which are leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with no purchase options that are reasonably certain of exercise, are not recognized on the balance sheet. The rental payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Certain of our long term lottery and commercial gaming service arrangements include leases for equipment installed at customer locations. As the lessor, we combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets in arrangements that involve operating leases. The single combined component is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, or ASC 606, depending on which component is the predominant component in the arrangement. If a component cannot be combined, the consideration is allocated between the lease component and the non-lease component based on relative standalone selling price.

Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in income tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enacted or substantively enacted date.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting authoritative guidance, which prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more likely than not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of the benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
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We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the provision for taxes line of the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

We use the period cost method for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.

Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars, with the resulting translation adjustments recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) within shareholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rates during the period.

New Accounting Standards - Recently Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). In 2018, 2019, and 2020, the FASB amended ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 and subsequent amendments (collectively “ASC 326”) replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For trade and other receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, we are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable.

We adopted ASC 326 as of January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach, which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained deficit upon adoption with no restatement of prior periods. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification improvements to Topic 326, Financial instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASU 2019-04”). This update clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments (addressed by ASUs 2016-13, 2017-12, and 2016-01 respectively). We adopted ASU 2019-04 in the first quarter of 2020 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which provides guidance around disclosure requirements for fair value measurement of investments. We adopted ASU 2018-03 in the first quarter of 2020 and applied its provisions prospectively and retrospectively in accordance with the guidance. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2018 the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using a modified retrospective application approach which was applied to customer contracts, in their modified state, that were not completed as of January 1, 2018.

New Accounting Standards - Not Yet Adopted
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This update simplifies the convertible debt accounting framework by reducing the number of accounting models used to account for convertible debt and preferred stock instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity's own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies the diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible debt instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The
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amendments in this update are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating these optional elections and the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). This update provides, among other things, simplifications for accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt ASU 2019-12 upon the effective date and do not expect it to have a material impact upon adoption.

We do not currently expect that any other recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

3.    Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lottomatica, had entered into a definitive agreement to sell one hundred percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conduct its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A. for a sale price of €950 million. The businesses to be sold are within the Company’s Global Gaming segment. The Company will receive €725 million at closing, €100 million on December 31, 2021, and €125 million on September 30, 2022. The sale price is subject to certain adjustments specified in the agreement. Closing of the transaction is subject to Italian regulatory approvals and specified representations, warranties, covenants and conditions customary in agreements of this kind and scope. The Company expects the transaction to close in the first half of 2021.

Aligning with our segment reorganization, the sale represents a strategic shift to reframe and simplify the priorities of our Global Gaming segment to focus on its core competencies as a B2B product and service provider. The Company determined that the sale met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation and, as a result, its historical financial results are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation, and assets and liabilities were classified as assets and liabilities held for sale. The Company did not allocate any general corporate overhead to discontinued operations.

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations is shown below:

For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Total revenue428,920 778,143 872,506 
Operating income (1)
51,029 159,211 173,393 
Income from discontinued operations before provision for income taxes43,407 156,760 170,180 
Provision for income taxes6,726 42,352 45,237 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax36,681 114,408 124,943 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(4,760)4,539 6,913 
Income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC41,441 109,869 118,030 
(1) Includes depreciation and amortization of $94.7 million, $99.7 million, and $98.0 million for the years ended 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively


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The Company expects to have continuing involvement with the businesses via a transition services agreement (“TSA”). As part of the expected TSA, the Company will provide various telecommunications, information technology, and back-office services for which the Company will receive compensation. These services generally expire after no more than three years.

The following represents the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale as part of our discontinued operations:
December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Assets:
Trade and other receivables, net62,110 130,864 
Other current assets58,072 77,515 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net86,230 102,347 
Goodwill520,259 520,259 
Intangible assets, net54,711 86,388 
Other non-current assets52,042 54,561 
Assets held for sale833,424 971,934 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable62,693 61,889 
Other current liabilities164,084 123,263 
Other non-current liabilities22,796 29,836 
Liabilities held for sale249,573 214,988 
The Company allocated $520.3 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within our Global Gaming segment.
In addition to the sale of certain entities in our Global Gaming segment classified as discontinued operations as described above, we have other disposal groups that meet the requirements to be classified as held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020.
The following represents total assets and liabilities held for sale classified between the current and non-current categories:
December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Assets:
Current assets held for sale - discontinued operations833,424 208,379 
Current assets held for sale - other5,416 — 
Total current assets held for sale838,840 208,379 
Total non-current assets held for sale— 763,555 
Assets held for sale838,840 971,934 
Liabilities:
Total current liabilities held for sale249,573 185,152 
Total non-current liabilities held for sale— 29,836 
Liabilities held for sale249,573 214,988 
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4.    Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables summarize revenue disaggregated by business segment and the source of the revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,743,916 — 1,743,916 
Gaming terminal services— 297,418 297,418 
Systems, software, and other298,736 299,488 598,224 
Service revenue2,042,652 596,906 2,639,558 
Lottery products121,346 — 121,346 
Gaming terminals— 205,289 205,289 
Gaming other— 149,263 149,263 
Product sales121,346 354,552 475,898 
Total revenue2,163,998 951,458 3,115,456 
For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,930,761 — 1,930,761 
Gaming terminal services— 567,849 567,849 
Systems, software, and other252,200 350,058 602,258 
Service revenue2,182,961 917,907 3,100,868 
Lottery products109,884 — 109,884 
Gaming terminals— 581,017 581,017 
Gaming other— 239,988 239,988 
Product sales109,884 821,005 930,889 
Total revenue2,292,845 1,738,912 4,031,757 

For the year ended December 31, 2018
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts2,007,261 — 2,007,261 
Gaming terminal services— 601,536 601,536 
Systems, software, and other227,540 359,593 587,133 
Service revenue2,234,801 961,129 3,195,930 
Lottery products126,889 — 126,889 
Gaming terminals— 454,884 454,884 
Gaming other— 203,169 203,169 
Product sales126,889 658,053 784,942 
Total revenue2,361,690 1,619,182 3,980,872 
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Contract Balances

Information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities is as follows: 
($ thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019Balance Sheet Classification
Receivables, net  846,128 875,263 Trade and other receivables, net
Contract assets: 
Current53,491 47,499 Other current assets
Non-current75,000 76,188 Other non-current assets
128,491 123,687 
 
Contract liabilities: 
Current(107,542)(66,749)Other current liabilities
Non-current(62,175)(65,855)Other non-current liabilities
(169,717)(132,604)
 
The amount of revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2019 was $56.0 million. The amount of revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2018 was $50.7 million.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

At December 31, 2020, the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts expected to be greater than one year, or performance obligations for which we do not have a right to consideration from the customer in the amount that corresponds to the value to the customer for our performance completed to date, variable consideration which is not accounted for in accordance with the sales-based or usage-based royalties guidance, or contracts which are not wholly unperformed, is approximately $956.8 million. Of this amount, we expect to recognize as revenue approximately 19% within the next 12 months, approximately 29% between 13 and 36 months, approximately 26% between 37 and 60 months, and the remaining balance through December 31, 2031.

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5.    Trade and Other Receivables, net

Trade and other receivables are recorded at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, and represent a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that are typically short-term with payment due within 90 days or less.
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Trade and other receivables, gross861,772 897,329 
Allowance for credit losses(15,644)(22,066)
Trade and other receivables, net846,128 875,263 
 
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses:
 December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Balance at beginning of year(22,066)(29,407)(22,795)
(Provisions) recoveries, net(6,096)3,480 (7,768)
Amounts written off as uncollectible9,660 3,405 87 
Foreign currency translation(551)162 1,461 
Other (1)
3,409 294 (392)
Balance at end of year(15,644)(22,066)(29,407)
 (1) Includes the adoption of ASC 326 as of January 1, 2020

We enter into various factoring agreements with third-party financial institutions to sell certain of our trade receivables. We factored trade receivables of $1,531.6 million and $2,629.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, under these factoring arrangements, which reduced trade receivables. The cash received from these arrangements is reflected as cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. In certain of these factoring arrangements, for ease of administration, we will collect customer payments related to the factored trade receivables, which we then remit to the financial institutions. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had $110.1 million and $50.2 million, respectively, that was collected on behalf of the financial institutions and recorded as other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The net cash flows relating to these collections are reported as financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

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6.    Inventories
December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Raw materials86,089 86,877 
Work in progress23,211 11,663 
Finished goods102,674 96,895 
Inventories, gross211,974 195,435 
Obsolescence reserve(42,767)(33,645)
Inventories, net169,207 161,790 

The following table presents the activity in the obsolescence reserve:
 December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Balance at beginning of year(33,645)(39,885)(26,911)
Provisions, net(33,554)(28,970)(14,199)
Amounts written off23,535 23,375 817 
Foreign currency translation(2,041)(130)408 
Other2,938 11,965 — 
Balance at end of year(42,767)(33,645)(39,885)

7.    Other Assets
 
Other Current Assets
 December 31,
($ thousands)Notes20202019
Customer financing receivables, net231,873 226,979 
Contract assets453,491 47,499 
Value-added tax receivable46,466 51,405 
Income taxes receivable45,203 56,857 
Prepaid expenses39,439 41,366 
Prepaid royalties8,701 24,999 
Other receivables8,149 10,673 
Other46,327 53,237 
 479,649 513,015 
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Other Non-Current Assets
 December 31,
($ thousands)Notes20202019
Upfront license fees, net:
Italian Scratch & Win845,336 873,756 
Italian Lotto516,177 568,669 
New Jersey74,449 83,209 
Indiana10,458 11,853 
1,446,420 1,537,487 
Customer financing receivables, net83,638 122,124 
Contract assets475,000 76,188 
Deferred income taxes1733,117 27,108 
Finance lease right-of-use assets1132,739 35,441 
Debt issuance costs1623,937 20,464 
Prepaid royalties13,987 25,092 
Other64,803 73,847 
 1,773,641 1,917,751 

Upfront License Fees

The upfront license fees are being amortized on a straight-line basis as follows:
Upfront License FeeLicense TermAmortization Start Date
Italian Scratch & Win9 yearsOctober 2019
Italian Lotto9 yearsDecember 2016
New Jersey15 years, 9 monthsOctober 2013
Indiana15 yearsJuly 2013

Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited (“Yeonama”)

In May 2019, we sold our ownership interest in Yeonama, an investment previously included within other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of €26.1 million ($29.1 million at the May 31, 2019 exchange rate).

Customer Financing Receivables

Customers' payment terms for customer financing receivables are confirmed with a written financing contract, lease contract, or promissory note and a security agreement is typically signed by the parties granting the Company a security interest in the related products sold or leased. Customer financing interest income is recognized based on market rates prevailing at issuance.

Customer financing receivables are recorded at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses, and are classified in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
 December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Current AssetsNon-Current AssetsTotal
Customer financing receivables, gross274,650 90,780 365,430 
Allowance for credit losses (42,777)(7,142)(49,919)
Customer financing receivables, net231,873 83,638 315,511 
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 December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Current AssetsNon-Current AssetsTotal
Customer financing receivables, gross255,221 125,542 380,763 
Allowance for credit losses(28,242)(3,418)(31,660)
Customer financing receivables, net226,979 122,124 349,103 

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses: 
December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Balance at beginning of year(31,660)(29,209)(19,574)
Provisions, net(37,191)(2,477)(10,131)
Amounts written off as uncollectible23,525 11 317 
Foreign currency translation1,820 15 179 
Other (1)
(6,413)— — 
Balance at end of year(49,919)(31,660)(29,209)
(1) Includes the adoption of ASC 326 as of January 1, 2020

The Company’s customer financing receivable portfolio is composed of customers within the Global Gaming business segment. We internally assess the credit quality of customer financing receivables using a number of factors, including, but not limited to, credit scores obtained from external providers, trade references, bank references, and historical experience. Risk profiles differ based on customer location and are pooled as North America, Latin America and the Caribbean (“LAC”), Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), and Asia Pacific (“APAC”).

During 2020, $23.5 million of customer financing receivables, primarily within LAC, were written off as uncollectible due to the impacts of COVID-19. Additionally, due to the duration of the COVID-19 induced shutdowns in LAC and potential future impacts on our customers caused by COVID-19, we increased our allowance for credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020 the Company had $43.3 million of credit loss allowances associated with the LAC customer financing receivables.

The customer financing receivables at amortized cost by year of origination and the geography credit quality indicator at December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Year of Origination
($ thousands)20202019201820172016 and priorTotal
North America54,304 16,771 580 3,095 — 74,750 
LAC30,556 113,437 39,024 13,670 8,520 205,207 
EMEA23,620 28,021 16,010 2,343 1,637 71,631 
APAC 8,493 4,024 1,174 123 28 13,842 
116,973 162,253 56,788 19,231 10,185 365,430 

The past due balance, which represents installments that are one day or more past their contractual due date, of customer financing receivables at amortized cost and the geography credit quality indicator at December 31, 2020 is as follows:

($ thousands)North AmericaLACEMEAAPACTotal
Past due6,062 106,011 12,585 3,839 128,497 
Short-term portion not yet due37,728 67,634 32,488 8,303 146,153 
Long-term portion not yet due30,960 31,562 26,558 1,700 90,780 
74,750 205,207 71,631 13,842 365,430 

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8.    Fair Value Measurements

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Our significant financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Derivative assetsOther current and other non-current assets— 10,738 — 10,738 
Equity investmentsOther non-current assets6,026 — — 6,026 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilitiesOther current and other non-current liabilities— 10,113 — 10,113 
December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Derivative assetsOther current and other non-current assets— 8,317 — 8,317 
Equity investmentsOther non-current assets7,769 — — 7,769 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilitiesOther current and other non-current liabilities— 6,425 — 6,425 
 
Valuation Techniques
 
Derivative assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 were derived from quoted market prices for similar instruments or by discounting the future cash flows with adjustments for credit risk as appropriate. All significant inputs were derived from or corroborated by observable market data including current forward exchange rates and LIBOR rates, among others.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade and other receivables, other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximated their estimated fair values because of their short-term nature.

Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Our assessment of goodwill for impairment includes various inputs, including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital. The projected cash flows used in calculating the fair value of our reporting units, using the income approach, considered historical and estimated future results and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies. As a result, as of December 31, 2019, the Company classified the former International reporting unit measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value

The carrying amounts and fair value hierarchy classification of our significant financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Carrying 
Amount		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Customer financing receivables, net 315,511 — — 312,690 312,690 
Equity investments12,375 — — 12,375 12,375 
Liabilities:
Jackpot liabilities218,943 — — 210,516 210,516 
Debt (1)
8,242,898 — 8,701,509 — 8,701,509 
December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Carrying 
Amount		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Customer financing receivables, net 349,103 — — 349,686 349,686 
Equity investments11,482 — — 11,482 11,482 
Liabilities:
Jackpot liabilities234,771 — — 230,307 230,307 
Debt (1)
8,062,816 — 8,589,939 — 8,589,939 
(1) Debt excludes short-term borrowings and swap adjustments

Level 3 equity investments are measured at cost, less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes, which approximates fair value.
 
9.    Derivative Financial Instruments

We use selected derivative hedging instruments, principally foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swaps, for the purpose of managing currency risks and interest rate risk arising from our operations and sources of financing.

Cash Flow Hedges
 
The notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $61.5 million and $56.8 million, respectively. The amount recorded within other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2020 is expected to impact the consolidated statement of operations in 2021.

Fair Value Hedges

In September 2015, we executed $625.0 million notional amount of interest rate swaps that effectively convert $625.0 million of the 6.25% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes from fixed interest rate debt to variable rate debt. The terms of the swap require periodic net settlement payments and expire in February 2022. In August 2020, $200.0 million notional amount of the interest rate swaps were terminated early. At December 31, 2020, the remaining notional amount of $425.0 million in interest rate swaps were no longer designated as hedging relationships and the fair value of the swaps is recognized in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations with no corresponding offset to debt.

Net Investment Hedges

In October 2018, we executed $200.0 million notional amount of cross-currency swaps that are a hedge of foreign exchange risk associated with a net investment in foreign operations. The terms of the swap require periodic net settlement payments and a final notional exchange will occur on settlement. The swaps expire in August 2021. In March 2020, $100.0 million notional amount in cross-currency swaps were early terminated and the remaining notional amount at December 31, 2020 was $100.0 million.
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Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
The notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts, not designated as hedging instruments, outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $295.4 million and $550.0 million, respectively.

Refer to Note 19, Shareholders’ Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for further information.

10.    Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, net and Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Systems & Equipment and PPE, net consist of the following:
Systems & Equipment, netPPE, net
 December 31,December 31,
($ thousands)2020201920202019
Land— 297 964 2,317 
Buildings2,257 748 68,847 70,473 
Terminals and systems2,614,869 2,610,417 — — 
Furniture and equipment150,419 138,591 258,767 240,375 
Construction in progress76,582 49,340 14,985 15,624 
 2,844,127 2,799,393 343,563 328,789 
Accumulated depreciation(1,776,006)(1,593,801)(211,961)(182,734)
 1,068,121 1,205,592 131,602 146,055 

Gain on Sale of Assets to Distributor

During 2019, we entered into a long-term strategic agreement with a distributor in Oklahoma that included the sale of used, non-premium equipment, which was previously included within Systems & Equipment, net within the consolidated balance sheet. This sale resulted in a gain of $27.7 million which is classified in other operating expense (income), net on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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11.     Leases

Lessee

We have operating and finance leases for real estate (warehouses, office space, data centers), vehicles, communication equipment, and other equipment. Many of our real estate leases include one or more options to renew, while some include termination options. Certain vehicle and equipment leases include residual value guarantees and options to purchase the leased asset. Many of our real estate leases include variable payments for maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance that are determined based on the actual costs incurred by the landlord.

The classification of our operating and finance leases in the consolidated balance sheets is as follows:
December 31,
($ thousands)Balance Sheet Classification20202019
Assets:
Operating ROU assetOperating lease right-of-use assets288,196 296,751 
Finance ROU asset, net (1)
Other non-current assets32,739 35,441 
Total lease assets320,935 332,192 
Liabilities:
Operating lease liability, currentOther current liabilities44,263 43,902 
Finance lease liability, currentOther current liabilities10,944 8,680 
Operating lease liability, non-currentOperating lease liabilities266,227 272,350 
Finance lease liability, non-currentOther non-current liabilities30,854 36,240 
Total lease liabilities352,288 361,172 
(1) Finance ROU assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $15.7 million and $6.8 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively

Weighted-average lease terms and discount rates are as follows:
December 31,
20202019
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases8.328.80
Finance leases5.136.01
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases7.01 %7.74 %
Finance leases5.16 %5.45 %

Components of lease expense are as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Operating lease costs72,025 75,586 
Finance lease costs (1)
11,451 10,341 
Variable lease costs (2)
22,587 22,163 
(1) Finance lease costs include amortization of ROU assets of $9.3 million and $7.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively and interest on lease liabilities of $2.1 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
(2) Variable lease costs include immaterial amounts related to short-term leases and sublease income
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Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities at December 31, 2020 are as follows ($ thousands):
YearOperating LeasesFinance Leases
Total (1)
202163,964 12,729 76,693 
202255,090 9,678 64,768 
202349,383 6,983 56,366 
202444,515 5,309 49,824 
202538,697 4,985 43,682 
Thereafter171,168 8,150 179,318 
Total lease payments422,817 47,834 470,651 
Less: Imputed interest(112,327)(6,036)(118,363)
Present value of lease liabilities310,490 41,798 352,288 
(1) The maturities above exclude leases that have not yet commenced and such leases are not material in the aggregate

Cash flow information and non-cash activity related to leases is as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating and finance leases67,731 74,175 
Finance cash flows from finance leases9,761 7,632 
Non-cash activity:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (net of early terminations)
Operating leases34,385 12,914 
Finance leases6,359 9,441 

We adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 which is an update to ASC 840, the lease accounting standard in place through December 31, 2018. Rent and lease expense under ASC 840 was $81.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and included contingent rent payments of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Lessor

We have various arrangements for lottery and commercial gaming equipment under which we are the lessor. These leases generally meet the criteria for operating lease classification. Lease income for operating leases is included within service revenue, while lease income for sales type leases is included predominately within product sales, in the consolidated statements of operations. Total lease income was approximately 7% and 8% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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12.    Restructuring

During 2020, we initiated three restructuring plans as described below and during 2019, we expanded existing restructuring plans initiated in the prior year. As of December 31, 2019 these plans were substantially completed. During 2018, we incurred $14.8 million in restructuring expenses from plans that were initiated in 2018 and substantially completed by the end of 2018. Restructuring expense incurred under these plans was previously included in corporate support expenses, which were not allocated to the business segments. In conjunction with the Company’s segment reorganization as disclosed in Note 21 – Segment Information, restructuring expenses are now included in the business segments carrying out the restructuring activity.

2020 Segment Reorganization
During the first quarter of 2020, we initiated a restructuring plan associated with our global initiative to simplify our organizational structure and increase efficiency and effectiveness. We expect to incur approximately $17 million in severance and related employee costs under this plan, which is expected to be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2021. We incurred $16.3 million in severance and related employee costs for the year ended December 31, 2020, which impacted our two segments and corporate support function.

Rollforward of Restructuring Liability

The following table presents the activity in the restructuring liability under this plan for the year ended December 31, 2020:

($ thousands)Severance and Related Employee Costs
Balance at beginning of period— 
Restructuring expense, net16,310 
Cash payments(9,132)
Other adjustments, net544 
Balance at end of period7,722 

2020 Global Supply Chain Optimization
During the first quarter of 2020, we initiated a restructuring plan to optimize our global supply chain and footprint resulting in a significant reduction to our primary manufacturing operations. We will utilize contract manufacturers that are worldwide experts in manufacturing and excel at sourcing and assembly activities. We intend to utilize these third-party contract manufacturers to reduce costs and achieve efficiencies in fulfilling future demand for our products.

We expect to incur up to $9 million in total costs under this plan, comprised of approximately $5 million in severance and related employee costs and approximately $4 million in other costs. The plan is expected to be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2021. The following table summarizes restructuring expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 under this plan by type of cost, primarily in the Global Gaming segment:

($ thousands)For the year ended December 31, 2020
Severance and related employee costs5,123 
Other (1)
3,576 
Total8,699 
(1) This expense includes approximately $460 thousand of asset impairments. The offset for these charges is Property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020

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Rollforward of Restructuring Liability

The following table presents the activity in the restructuring liability under this plan for the year ended December 31, 2020:

($ thousands)Severance and Related Employee CostsOther CostsTotal
Balance at beginning of period— — — 
Restructuring expense, net5,123 3,116 8,239 
Cash payments(3,630)(1,916)(5,546)
Balance at end of period1,493 1,200 2,693 

2020 Technology Organization Consolidation
During the second quarter of 2020, we initiated a restructuring plan to realign and consolidate operations, reduce costs, and improve operational efficiencies within our Technology group. We expect to incur approximately $18 million primarily in severance and related employee costs under this plan, which is expected to be substantially completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2021. We incurred $17.5 million in severance and related employee costs for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily in the Global Gaming segment.

Rollforward of Restructuring Liability

The following table presents the activity in the restructuring liability under this plan for the year ended December 31, 2020:

($ thousands)Severance and Related Employee Costs
Balance at beginning of period— 
Restructuring expense, net17,499 
Cash payments(3,506)
Balance at end of period13,993 

Restructuring Expense

The following table summarizes consolidated restructuring expense by segment and type of cost:
For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Severance and Related Employee CostsAsset Impairment CostsOtherTotal
Global Lottery5,399 — — 5,399 
Global Gaming29,936 460 3,216 33,612 
Corporate and Other6,068 — (34)6,034 
Total41,403 460 3,182 45,045 
For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Severance and Related Employee CostsAsset Impairment CostsOtherTotal
Global Lottery2,164 — 6 2,170 
Global Gaming3,173 15,500 (311)18,362 
Corporate and Other1,737 — 2,586 4,323 
Total7,074 15,500 2,281 24,855 


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13.    Goodwill

As discussed in Note 21 – Segment Information, on July 1, 2020, we adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units. Prior to this change, we had four reporting units: North America Gaming and Interactive, North America Lottery, International, and Italy.

As a result of the change in reporting units, at July 1, 2020, we allocated goodwill to our new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the new Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was $2,942.2 million and $2,208.7 million, respectively, and the estimated fair values were determined to exceed the carrying values, which indicated no impairment existed. In addition, we completed an assessment for any potential goodwill impairment for all the former reporting units immediately prior to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consist of the following:
Reporting Units Prior to July 1, 2020Reporting Units After July 1, 2020
($ thousands)North America Gaming and InteractiveNorth America LotteryInternationalItalyGlobal LotteryGlobal GamingDiscontinued OperationsTotal
Balance at December 31, 20181,439,867 1,221,589 1,422,847 1,495,924 — — (520,259)5,059,968 
Impairment— — (99,000)— — — — (99,000)
Disposal— — (13,201)— — — — (13,201)
Foreign currency translation— — (2,677)(13,855)— — — (16,532)
Balance at December 31, 20191,439,867 1,221,589 1,307,969 1,482,069 — — (520,259)4,931,235 
Impairment(103,000)— (193,000)— — — — (296,000)
Foreign currency translation— — (2,136)(2,427)— — — (4,563)
Segment realignment(1,336,867)(1,221,589)(1,112,833)(1,479,642)2,942,221 2,208,710 — — 
Foreign currency translation— — — — 55,118 27,699 — 82,817 
Discontinued operations— — — — — (520,259)520,259 — 
Balance at December 31, 2020— — — — 2,997,339 1,716,150 — 4,713,489 
Balance at December 31, 2019
Cost2,153,867 1,225,682 1,641,187 1,483,754 — — (520,259)5,984,231 
Accumulated impairment(714,000)(4,093)(333,218)(1,685)— — — (1,052,996)
 1,439,867 1,221,589 1,307,969 1,482,069 — — (520,259)4,931,235 
Balance at December 31, 2020  
Cost— — — — 2,997,339 1,716,150 — 4,713,489 
 — — — — 2,997,339 1,716,150 — 4,713,489 

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Goodwill Impairment

Our assessment of goodwill for impairment includes various inputs, including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital. The projected cash flows used in calculating the fair value of our reporting units, using the income approach, considered historical and estimated future results and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies.

During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill impairment triggering event caused by COVID-19. As a result of the identified triggering event, we estimated the fair value of each of our former reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. Based principally on lower forecasted revenue and operating profits caused by lower demand for our commercial gaming products, we recorded a $296.0 million non-cash impairment loss with no income tax benefit, of which $193.0 million and $103.0 million million was recorded within our former International and North America Gaming reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of the reporting units to fair value.

During the fourth quarters of 2019 and 2018, we recorded $99.0 million and $118.0 million, respectively, in non-cash impairment losses with no income tax benefits and reduced the carrying amount of our former International reporting unit to fair value. We determined there was an impairment in the former International reporting unit’s goodwill due to lower forecasted cash flows along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital.

14.    Intangible Assets, net
 
Intangible assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:
 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Weighted- Average
Amortization Period
(Years)		Gross  Carrying AmountAccumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying AmountGross  Carrying AmountAccumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized:   
Customer relationships15.52,300,034 1,229,939 1,070,095 2,302,118 1,107,363 1,194,755 
Computer software and game library5.6917,950 783,671 134,279 882,049 723,768 158,281 
Trademarks14.1186,218 91,807 94,411 185,285 76,196 109,089 
Developed technologies5.6225,108 212,562 12,546 219,448 203,121 16,327 
Licenses3.569,148 58,550 10,598 60,763 48,188 12,575 
Other8.937,382 26,957 10,425 34,600 21,013 13,587 
 3,735,840 2,403,486 1,332,354 3,684,263 2,179,649 1,504,614 
Unamortized:      
Trademarks245,000 — 245,000 245,000 — 245,000 
Total intangible assets, excluding goodwill3,980,840 2,403,486 1,577,354 3,929,263 2,179,649 1,749,614 

Intangible asset amortization expense of $202.7 million, $220.1 million, and $224.0 million (which includes computer software amortization expense of $25.7 million, $29.4 million, and $29.6 million) was recorded in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Amortization expense on intangible assets for the next five years is expected to be as follows ($ thousands):
YearAmount
2021187,867 
2022178,594 
2023155,379 
2024140,009 
2025118,637 
Total780,486 
 
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15.    Other Liabilities
 
Other Current Liabilities 
 December 31,
($ thousands)Notes20202019
Accrued interest payable138,184 141,485 
Current financial liabilities128,330 62,806 
Accrued expenses118,037 99,700 
Contract liabilities4107,542 66,749 
Taxes other than income taxes96,346 67,309 
Employee compensation89,832 155,962 
Jackpot liabilities1871,290 74,670 
Operating lease liabilities1144,263 43,902 
Income taxes payable26,116 17,198 
Other 26,333 29,037 
 846,273 758,818 

Other Non-Current Liabilities 
 December 31,
($ thousands)Notes20202019
Jackpot liabilities18147,654 160,101 
Contract liabilities462,175 65,855 
Reserves for uncertain tax positions47,625 47,523 
Finance lease liabilities1130,854 36,240 
Income taxes payable15,594 26,493 
Royalties payable14,091 18,918 
Other41,968 40,736 
 359,961 395,866 

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16.    Debt

The Company’s long-term debt obligations consist of the following: 
December 31, 2020
($ thousands)PrincipalDebt issuance
cost, net		PremiumSwapTotal
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20221,000,001 (3,039)— 6,860 1,003,822 
4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 20231,043,035 (4,983)— — 1,038,052 
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 202360,567 — 224 — 60,791 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024613,550 (3,808)— — 609,742 
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20251,100,000 (8,359)— — 1,091,641 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026920,325 (6,995)— — 913,330 
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027750,000 (5,845)— — 744,155 
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028613,550 (5,150)— — 608,400 
5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029750,000 (6,875)— — 743,125 
Senior Secured Notes6,851,028 (45,054)224 6,860 6,813,058 
Euro Term Loan Facility due January 20231,055,306 (11,278)— — 1,044,028 
Euro Revolving Credit Facility B due July 2024 (1)
— — — — — 
U.S. Dollar Revolving Credit Facility A due July 2024 (1)
— — — — — 
Long-term debt, less current portion7,906,334 (56,332)224 6,860 7,857,086 
Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2023392,672 — — — 392,672 
Current portion of long-term debt392,672 — — — 392,672 
Short-term borrowings480 — — — 480 
Total debt8,299,486 (56,332)224 6,860 8,250,238 
(1) As of December 31, 2020, $23.9 million of debt issuance costs, net are presented in other non-current assets for debt instruments with no outstanding borrowings
 
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December 31, 2019
($ thousands)PrincipalDebt issuance
cost, net		PremiumSwapTotal
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20221,500,000 (8,199)— (473)1,491,328 
4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023954,890 (6,508)— — 948,382 
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 202360,567 — 318 — 60,885 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024561,700 (4,369)— — 557,331 
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20251,100,000 (10,041)— — 1,089,959 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026842,550 (7,445)— — 835,105 
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027750,000 (6,613)— — 743,387 
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028561,700 (5,297)— — 556,403 
Senior Secured Notes6,331,407 (48,472)318 (473)6,282,780 
Euro Term Loan Facility due January 20231,325,612 (8,223)— — 1,317,389 
Euro Revolving Credit Facility B due July 2024 (1)
— — — — — 
U.S. Dollar Revolving Credit Facility A due July 2024 (1)
— — — — — 
Long-term debt, less current portion7,657,019 (56,695)318 (473)7,600,169 
4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due March 2020435,767 (978)— — 434,789 
5.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due June 202027,311 — 74 (19)27,366 
Current portion of long-term debt463,078 (978)74 (19)462,155 
Short-term borrowings3,193 — — — 3,193 
Total debt8,123,290 (57,673)392 (492)8,065,517 
(1) As of December 31, 2019, $20.5 million of debt issuance costs, net are presented in other non-current assets for debt instruments with no outstanding borrowings

The principal amount of long-term debt maturing over the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2020 is as follows
($ thousands): 
YearU.S. Dollar Denominated Euro Denominated Total
2021— 392,672 392,672 
20221,000,001 392,672 1,392,673 
202360,567 1,705,669 1,766,236 
2024— 613,550 613,550 
20251,100,000 — 1,100,000 
2026 and thereafter1,500,000 1,533,875 3,033,875 
Total principal payments3,660,568 4,638,438 8,299,006 





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Senior Secured Notes
 
The key terms of our senior secured notes (the “Notes”), which are rated Ba3 and BB by Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), respectively, are as follows:
DescriptionPrincipal
(thousands)		Effective 
Interest Rate		IssuerGuarantorsCollateralRedemptionInterest payments
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022$1,000,0016.52%Parent*†++Semi-annually in arrears
4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023€850,0004.98%Parent*†++Semi-annually in arrears
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 2023$60,5675.47%IGT**††+Semi-annually in arrears
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024€500,0003.68%Parent*†++Semi-annually in arrears
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2025$1,100,0006.71%Parent*†++Semi-annually in arrears
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026€750,0003.65%Parent*†+++Semi-annually in arrears
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027$750,0006.41%Parent*†++Semi-annually in arrears
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028€500,0002.50%Parent*†+++Semi-annually in arrears
5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029$750,0005.39%Parent*†+++Semi-annually in arrears
 
*    Certain subsidiaries of the Parent.

**    The Parent and certain subsidiaries of the Parent.

†    Ownership interests of the Parent in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.

††    Certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.

+    International Game Technology (“IGT”) may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. IGT may also redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain gaming regulatory events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, IGT will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

++    The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the date which is six months prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

+++    The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the first date set forth in the redemption price schedule at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at a redemption price set forth in the redemption price schedule in the indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

The Notes contain customary covenants and events of default. At December 31, 2020, the issuers were in compliance with the covenants.

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3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024

On June 27, 2018, the Parent issued €500 million of 3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024 (the “3.500% Notes due 2024”) at par.

The Company recorded a $29.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchases, which is classified in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.

3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026

On June 20, 2019, the Parent issued €750 million of 3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026 (the “3.500% Notes due 2026”) at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 3.500% Notes due 2026 to repurchase €437.6 million ($497.5 million) of the 4.125% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2020 (the “4.125% Notes”) and pay down $339.3 million of the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024, for total consideration, excluding interest, of $845.3 million. The Company recorded an €8.5 million ($9.6 million) loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchase, which is classified in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027

On September 26, 2018, the Parent issued $750 million of 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027 (the “6.250% Notes”) at par.

The Company recorded a $24.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the redemptions, which is classified in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.

2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028

On September 16, 2019, the Parent issued €500 million of 2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028 (the “2.375% Notes”) at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 2.375% Notes to pay the €320.0 million ($350.2 million) first installment on the Euro Term Loan Facility due January 25, 2020 on September 27, 2019 and to pay down $192.3 million of the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024, for total consideration, excluding interest, of $542.5 million. The Company recorded a €2.1 million ($2.3 million) loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the Term Loan repayment, which is classified in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029

On June 19, 2020, the Parent issued $750.0 million of 5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029 (the “5.250% Notes”) at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 5.250% Notes to repurchase $500.0 million of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022 for total consideration, excluding interest, of $525.0 million. The Company recorded a $23.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchase, of which a $28.3 million loss is classified in other expense, net and an offsetting gain of $5.0 million is classified in interest expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Interest on the 5.250% Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears.

The 5.250% Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Parent and are secured by ownership interests of the Parent in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10.0 million.

Prior to January 15, 2024, the Parent may redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. From January 15, 2024 to January 14, 2025, the Parent may redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 102.625% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. From January 15, 2025 to January 14, 2026, the Parent may redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 101.313% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. On or after January 15, 2026, the Parent may redeem the
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5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the 5.250% Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. In certain events of default, the 5.250% Notes outstanding may become due and payable immediately.

4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due March 2020

On March 5, 2020, the Parent redeemed the €387.9 million ($432.0 million) 5.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due March 2020 when they matured.

5.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due June 2020

On June 15, 2020, the Parent redeemed the $27.3 million 5.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due June 2020 when they matured.

Revolving Credit Facilities and Term Loan Facility

On May 7, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Senior Facilities Agreement for the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024 (the “RCF Agreement”), and on May 8, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Senior Facility Agreement for the Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2023 (the “TLF Agreement”).

The amendments modified the RCF Agreement and the TLF Agreement by, among other things:

•Providing a waiver of the covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA from the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 and establishing new thresholds for these financial covenants starting with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 as described in the amendments;
•Providing that for the period commencing on January 30, 2020 and expiring on August 31, 2021 (the “Relief Period Expiration Date”), a material adverse effect arising from the COVID-19 pandemic shall not constitute a material adverse effect under the agreements and any cessation or suspension of business arising from the COVID-19 pandemic shall not constitute an event of default under the agreements;
•Providing that the obligation to grant security over additional collateral be waived provided that the public debt ratings of the Company are not less than BB- or Ba3;
•Obligating the Company to maintain “Liquidity” (as defined in the amendments) of at least $500 million for the period commencing on the date of the amendments and expiring on the Relief Period Expiration Date (the “Relief Period”), with such financial covenant being tested quarterly or, if any monthly trading update or quarterly compliance certificate evidences that Liquidity is less than $750 million, monthly;
•Increasing the margin from 2.75% to 3.25% if the public debt ratings of the Company are B+ or B1 (or lower);
•Prohibiting restricted payments (including dividends and ordinary share repurchases) during the period commencing on April 1, 2020 and expiring on June 30, 2021, and permitting restricted payments during the period commencing on July 1, 2021 and expiring on the maturity date of the respective agreements provided that the ratio of total net debt to EBITDA as adjusted to reflect the restricted payment is less than specified thresholds; and
•Decreasing the maximum annual amount that the Company can spend on acquisitions during the Relief Period to $100 million.

In addition, the amendment to the RCF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the RCF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.475%, and the amendment to the TLF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the TLF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.50%.

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Term Loan Facility
 
The Parent is party to a senior facility agreement (the “Term Loan Facility Agreement”) for a €1.5 billion term loan facility maturing in January 2023 (the “Term Loan Facility”), which must be repaid in the following installments, as detailed below:
Due DateAmount
(€ thousands)
January 25, 2020320,000 
January 25, 2021320,000 
January 25, 2022320,000 
January 25, 2023540,000 

On September 27, 2019, the Parent repaid the first €320 million installment due January 25, 2020 (resulting in €1.2 billion principal remaining) from the proceeds of the 2.375% Notes issued on September 16, 2019.
Interest on the Term Loan Facility is payable between one and six months in arrears at rates equal to the applicable LIBOR or EURIBOR plus a margin based on our long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the effective interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was 2.50% and 2.05%, respectively.
The Term Loan Facility is guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Parent and is secured by ownership interests of the Parent in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent may be required to prepay the Term Loan Facility in full.
The Term Loan Facility Agreement contains customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default. At December 31, 2020, the Parent was in compliance with the covenants.
 
Revolving Credit Facilities
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries are party to a senior facilities agreement (the “RCF Agreement”) which provides for the following multi-currency revolving credit facilities (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”):
Maximum Amount
Available (thousands)		FacilityBorrowers
$1,050,000Revolving Credit Facility AParent, IGT, and IGT Global Solutions Corporation
€625,000Revolving Credit Facility BParent and Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.
On July 24, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021. The amendment extended the final maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facilities from July 26, 2021 to July 31, 2024 and established the minimum ratio of EBITDA to total net interest costs and the maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA for the extended term of the revolving credit facilities. In addition, the amendment reduced the aggregate revolving facilities commitments of the lenders from $1.20 billion and €725 million to $1.05 billion and €625 million and amended the definition of “Permitted Restricted Payment” to eliminate the leverage ratio threshold condition to the payment of dividends and other restricted payments. The amendment also allowed IGT-Europe B.V. to be added as a borrower under Revolving Credit Facility B and modified certain other non-material provisions.

Interest on the Revolving Credit Facilities is payable between one and six months in arrears at rates equal to the applicable LIBOR or EURIBOR plus a margin based on the Parent’s long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was no balance for the Revolving Credit Facilities.

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The RCF Agreement provides that the following fees, which are recorded in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations, are payable quarterly in arrears:
 
•Commitment fees - payable on the aggregate undrawn and un-cancelled amount of the Revolving Credit Facilities depending on the Parent’s long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. The applicable rate was 0.928% at December 31, 2020.
•Utilization fees - payable on the aggregate drawn amount of the Revolving Credit Facilities at a rate ranging from 0.15% to 0.60% dependent on the percentage of the Revolving Credit Facilities utilized. There was no balance as of December 31, 2020.
 
The Revolving Credit Facilities are guaranteed by the Parent and certain of its subsidiaries and are secured by ownership interests of the Parent in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.
 
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the borrowers may be required to repay the Revolving Credit Facilities and the lenders may have the right to cancel their commitments.
 
At December 31, 2020 the available liquidity under the Revolving Credit Facilities was $1.817 billion.

The RCF Agreement contains customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default. At December 31, 2020, the borrowers were in compliance with the covenants.
 
Other Credit Facilities
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may borrow under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities made available by several financial institutions. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no borrowings under these facilities.

Letters of Credit
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may obtain letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facilities and under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities. The letters of credit secure various obligations, including obligations arising under customer contracts and real estate leases. The following table summarizes the letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the weighted-average annual cost of such letters of credit:
 
Letters of Credit Outstanding 
($ thousands)Not under the
Revolving 
Credit
Facilities		Under the
Revolving 
Credit
Facilities		TotalWeighted-
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2020426,740 — 426,740 1.06 %
December 31, 2019402,300 — 402,300 1.02 %

Interest Expense, Net
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Senior Secured Notes(344,286)(351,077)(352,293)
Term Loan Facilities(36,665)(36,138)(39,462)
Revolving Credit Facilities(31,301)(28,160)(27,805)
Other(620)(7,918)(12,052)
Interest expense(412,872)(423,293)(431,612)
Interest income14,956 12,418 14,229 
Interest expense, net(397,916)(410,875)(417,383)

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17.    Income Taxes
The components of (loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes, determined by tax jurisdiction, are as follows:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
United Kingdom(354,563)35,401 195,629 
United States(776,396)(301,307)(363,507)
Italy228,744 350,731 365,463 
Other54,508 43,182 (63,717)
 (847,707)128,007 133,868 
 
The provision for income taxes consists of:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Current:   
United Kingdom(819)1,803 3,579 
United States10,045 46,288 (12,028)
Italy66,073 104,368 141,496 
Other30,866 49,329 45,942 
 106,165 201,788 178,989 
Deferred:   
United Kingdom(190)(78)(282)
United States(61,791)(68,789)(20,900)
Italy(876)914 (3,517)
Other(15,610)(3,078)(10,126)
 (78,467)(71,031)(34,825)
 27,698 130,757 144,164 
 
Income taxes paid, net of refunds, were $89.0 million, $196.8 million, and $178.5 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.




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The Parent is a tax resident in the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”). A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes, with the amount computed by applying the U.K. statutory main corporation tax rates enacted in each of the Parent’s calendar year reporting periods to (loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes is as follows:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
(Loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes(847,707)128,007 133,868 
United Kingdom statutory tax rate19.00 %19.00 %19.00 %
Statutory tax expense (benefit)(161,064)24,321 25,435 
Change in valuation allowances127,955 507 (13,723)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment56,240 18,810 22,420 
Base erosion and anti-abuse (“BEAT”) tax12,926 31,340 13,769 
Foreign tax expense, net of U.S. federal benefit9,754 13,585 14,930 
IRAP and state taxes9,275 22,946 30,351 
GILTI tax2,517 4,575 11,079 
Change in unrecognized tax benefits1,295 6,637 9,166 
Italian allowance for corporate equity(3,841)(2,380)(3,328)
Foreign tax and statutory rate differential (1)
(13,988)2,974 48,040 
Tax Law Changes(19,627)— — 
Tax impact of Tax Act— — (10,852)
Italian tax settlement— — 16,664 
Non-taxable foreign exchange gain— (3,744)(12,384)
Non-taxable gains on investments— (6,225)— 
Other6,256 17,411 (7,403)
 27,698 130,757 144,164 
Effective tax rate(3.3)%102.1 %107.7 %
 (1) Includes the effects of foreign subsidiaries’ earnings taxed at rates other than the U.K. statutory rate

In 2020, our effective tax rate differed from the expected UK statutory rate of 19.00%, primarily due to increases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit.

In 2019, our effective tax rate differed from the expected U.K. statutory rate of 19.00% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit.

In 2018, our effective tax rate differed from the expected U.K. statutory rate of 19.00% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit, foreign rate differences, increases in uncertain tax positions, and the settlement of an Italian tax audit.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) to provide certain relief as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of the key tax-related provisions of the CARES Act benefiting the Company include temporary five-year net operating loss carryback provisions, modifications to the 30% limitation on the deductibility of business interest, and payroll tax deferral.

In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the U.S. Treasury Department issued final regulations regarding Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”). The Company will elect the GILTI high tax exception as allowed by the final regulations and will amend its 2018 and 2019 income tax returns. The benefit of the GILTI high tax exception as well as the NOL carryback provisions provided in the CARES Act resulted in a tax benefit of $12.1 million.
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The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating losses299,885 175,342 
Section 163(j) interest limitation154,925 93,522 
Provisions not currently deductible for tax purposes88,084 127,132 
Lease liabilities70,384 79,328 
Jackpot timing differences38,724 40,550 
Depreciation and amortization26,325 30,296 
Inventory reserves2,438 3,437 
Other47,377 44,459 
Gross deferred tax assets728,142 594,066 
Valuation allowance(284,088)(156,133)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance444,054 437,933 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Acquired intangible assets506,238 533,732 
Depreciation and amortization160,898 174,970 
Lease right-of-use assets65,015 74,201 
Other11,796 20,962 
Total deferred tax liabilities743,947 803,865 
Net deferred income tax liability(299,893)(365,932)
 
Our net deferred income taxes are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Deferred income taxes - non-current asset33,117 27,108 
Deferred income taxes - non-current liability(333,010)(393,040)
 (299,893)(365,932)
 
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards

We have a $1.3 billion gross tax loss carryforward, of which $638.4 million relates to the U.K., $331.2 million relates to U.S. Federal, and $370.7 million relates to other foreign tax jurisdictions. Carryforwards in certain tax jurisdictions begin to expire in 2031, while others have an unlimited carryforward period. A valuation allowance has been provided on $929.5 million of the gross net operating loss carryforwards. Portions of the tax loss carryforwards are subject to annual limitations, including Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for U.S. tax purposes, and similar provisions under other countries’ laws. In addition, as of December 31, 2020, we had U.S. state tax net operating loss carryforwards, resulting in a deferred tax asset (net of U.S. federal tax benefit) of approximately $18.3 million. U.S. state tax net operating loss carryforwards generally expire in the years 2021 through 2040.

Valuation Allowance

A reconciliation of the valuation allowance is as follows:
 December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Balance at beginning of year156,133 170,831 184,554 
Expiration of tax attributes— (15,205)— 
Net charges to (income) expense 127,955 507 (13,723)
Balance at end of year284,088 156,133 170,831 
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The valuation allowance primarily relates to U.K. and foreign net operating losses that are not more likely than not expected to be realized. In addition, we also recorded a partial valuation allowance of $57.9 million relating to our business interest expense limitation carryforward. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we considered both positive and negative evidence for each jurisdiction including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. When we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to the provision for (benefit from) income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we recorded a net valuation increase (decrease) of $127.9 million and $(14.7) million, respectively.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Balance at beginning of year29,175 26,635 20,975 
Additions to tax positions - current year498 717 11,947 
Additions to tax positions - prior years335 2,358 16,973 
Reductions to tax positions - prior years(2,259)— (4,610)
Settlements— — (17,238)
Lapses in statutes of limitations(525)(535)(1,412)
Balance at end of year27,224 29,175 26,635 
 
At December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, $27.2 million, $29.2 million, and $26.6 million, respectively, of the unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rates.
 
We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters in the provision for income taxes. For 2020, 2019, and 2018, we recognized $(0.2) million, $4.7 million, and $0.7 million, respectively, in interest expense, penalties, and inflationary adjustments. At December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the gross balance of accrued interest and penalties was $20.9 million, $21.2 million, and $16.4 million, respectively.

We file income tax returns in various jurisdictions of which the United Kingdom, United States, and Italy represent the major tax jurisdictions. All years prior to 2017 are closed with the Internal Revenue Service. As of December 31, 2020, we are subject to income tax audits in various tax jurisdictions globally, most significantly in Mexico and Italy.

Mexico Tax Audit

Based on a 2006 tax examination, the Company’s Mexican subsidiary, GTECH Mexico S.A. de C.V., was issued an income tax assessment of approximately Mexican peso (“MXN”) 425.0 million. The assessment relates to the denial of a deduction for cost of goods sold and the taxation of intercompany loan proceeds. The Company has unsuccessfully contested the two issues in the Mexican court system receiving unfavorable decisions by the Mexican Supreme Court in June 2017 and October 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, based on the unfavorable decisions received, the Company has recorded a liability of MXN 478.5 million (approximately $24.0 million), which includes additional interest, penalties, and inflationary adjustments.

Italy Tax Audits

The Company’s Italian corporate income tax returns for the calendar years ended December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2019 are currently under examination. On October 19, 2020, the Italian tax authorities issued a final tax audit report for calendar year 2015 questioning the process the Company undertook to establish the interest rate on an intercompany debt agreement (“the 2015 loan”), between Lottomatica S.r.l. (the borrower) and its parent company, IGT PLC (the lender). Similar findings are expected for the 2015 loan for calendar years 2016 through 2019 as the intercompany debt remains outstanding and the Company applied the same interest rate. The Company expects that Lottomatica S.r.l will receive an assessment of taxes, interest, and potentially penalties sometime in the first half of calendar year 2021. The Company believes the interest rate applied to the intercompany debt was calculated on an arm’s length basis consistent with established transfer pricing policies
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and procedures. The Company is currently evaluating the options for responding to the October 19, 2020 tax audit report upon receipt of the tax assessment.

On December 21, 2017 and on March 29, 2018, the Italian Tax Authority issued a preliminary tax audit report for the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, respectively. Both audit reports related to the reorganization of the Italian business and the merger of GTECH S.p.A. with and into the Parent effective from April 7, 2015, addressing (i) the non-deductibility of certain transaction costs, (ii) withholding taxes on bridge facility fees, and (iii) the redetermination of the taxable gains associated with the reorganization of the Italian business. The total income tax assessment for fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2015 was €13.2 million ($16.7 million), which has been settled and fully paid with the Italian Tax Authority as of December 31, 2018.

18.    Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Jackpot Commitments

Jackpot liabilities are recorded as current and non-current liabilities as follows: 
($ thousands)December 31, 2020
Current liabilities71,290 
Non-current liabilities147,654 
 218,944 

Future jackpot liabilities are due as follows: 
($ thousands)Previous WinnersFuture WinnersTotal
202135,967 35,176 71,143 
202222,705 8,250 30,955 
202320,440 651 21,091 
202417,863 651 18,514 
202515,028 651 15,679 
Thereafter84,552 9,761 94,313 
Future jackpot payments due196,555 55,140 251,695 
Unamortized discounts  (32,751)
Total jackpot liabilities  218,944 
 
Performance and other bonds
 
Certain contracts require us to provide a surety bond as a guarantee of performance for the benefit of customers; bid and litigation bonds for the benefit of potential customers; and WAP bonds that are used to secure our financial liability when a player elects to have their WAP jackpot winnings paid over an extended period of time.

These bonds give beneficiaries the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if certain specified events occur. In the case of performance bonds, which generally have a term of one year, such events include our failure to perform our obligations under the applicable contracts. In general, we would only be liable for these guarantees in the event of default in our performance of our obligations under each contract, the probability of which we believe is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 related to these bonds.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Parent and/or one or more of its subsidiaries are party to legal, regulatory, or administrative proceedings regarding, among other matters, claims by and against us, and injunctions by third parties arising out of the ordinary course of business. Licenses are also subject to legal challenges by competitors seeking to annul awards made to the Company. The Parent and/or one or more of its subsidiaries are also, from time to time, subjects of, or parties to, ethics and compliance inquiries and investigations related to the Company’s ongoing operations. At December 31, 2020, provisions for litigation
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matters amounted to $7.9 million. With respect to litigation and other legal proceedings where we have determined that a loss is reasonably possible but we are unable to estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts already accrued, no additional amounts have been accrued, given the uncertainties of litigation and the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings.
 
Texas Fun 5’s Instant Ticket Game

Five lawsuits have been filed against IGT Global Solutions Corporation (f/k/a GTECH Corporation) in Texas state court arising out of the Fun 5’s instant ticket game sold by the Texas Lottery Commission (“TLC”) from September 14, 2014 to October 21, 2014. Plaintiffs allege each ticket’s instruction for Game 5 provided a 5x win (five times the prize box amount) any time the “Money Bag” symbol was revealed in the “5X BOX”. However, TLC awarded a 5x win only when (1) the “Money Bag” symbol was revealed and (2) three symbols in a pattern were revealed.

(a)Steele, James et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on December 9, 2014 in Travis County (No. D1GN145114). Through intervenor actions, over 1,200 plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $500.0 million. GTECH Corporation’s plea to the jurisdiction for dismissal based on sovereign immunity was denied. GTECH Corporation appealed. The appellate court ordered that plaintiffs’ sole remaining claim should be reconsidered.
(b)Nettles, Dawn v. GTECH Corp. et al., filed on January 7, 2015 in Dallas County (No. 051501559CV). Plaintiff claims damages in excess of $4.0 million. GTECH Corporation and the TLC won pleas to the jurisdiction for dismissal based on sovereign immunity. Plaintiff lost her appeal and petitioned for Texas Supreme Court review. On April 27, 2018, IGT Global Solutions Corporation petitioned for Texas Supreme Court review and the Texas Supreme Court heard arguments on December 3, 2019 in both the Nettles and Steele cases. On June 12, 2020, the Texas Supreme Court ruled that Plaintiffs in the Nettles and Steele cases could proceed with their fraud allegations in the lower courts; all other claims were dismissed. The Nettles case was dismissed on December 16, 2020 after summary judgment was awarded in favor of IGT Global Solutions Corporation.
(c)Guerra, Esmeralda v. GTECH Corp. et al., filed on June 10, 2016 in Hidalgo County (No. C277716B). Plaintiff claims damages in excess of $0.5 million.
(d)Wiggins, Mario & Kimberly v. IGT Global Solutions Corp., filed on September 15, 2016 in Travis County (No. D1GN16004344). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1.0 million.
(e)Campos, Osvaldo Guadalupe et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on October 20, 2016 in Travis County (No. D1GN16005300). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1.0 million.

We dispute the claims made in each of these cases and continue to defend against these lawsuits.

Disposition of Previously Disclosed Matters

Illinois State Lottery

On February 6, 2017, putative class representatives of retailers and lottery ticket purchasers alleged the Illinois Lottery collected millions of dollars from sales of instant ticket games and wrongfully ended certain games before all top prizes had been sold. Raqqa, Inc. et al. v. Northstar Lottery Group, LLC., was filed in Illinois state court, St. Clair County (No. 17L51) against Northstar Lottery Group LLC, a consortium in which the Parent indirectly holds an 80% controlling interest. The claims included tortious interference with contract, violations of Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Practices Act, and unjust enrichment. The lawsuit was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. On May 9, 2018, IGT Global Solutions Corporation and Scientific Games International, Inc. were added as defendants. The parties have settled the case for an amount that is not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements, and the case was dismissed in September 2020.


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19.    Shareholders’ Equity
 
Shares Authorized and Outstanding
 
The Board of Directors of the Parent (the “Board”) is authorized to issue shares of any class in the capital of the Parent. The authorized shares of the Parent consist of 1.850 billion ordinary shares with a $0.10 per share par value.
 
Ordinary shares outstanding were as follows:
 December 31,
 202020192018
Balance at beginning of year204,435,333 204,210,731 203,446,572 
Shares issued under restricted stock plans421,231 224,602 619,614 
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options— — 144,545 
Balance at end of year204,856,564 204,435,333 204,210,731 
 
Repurchases of Ordinary Shares

The Parent has the authority to repurchase, subject to a maximum repurchase price, a maximum of 20,474,483 ordinary shares of the Company. This authority remains valid until December 24, 2021, unless previously revoked, varied, or renewed at the 2021 annual general meeting.

The Parent did not repurchase any of its ordinary shares in 2020, 2019, or 2018.

Dividends
 
We declared a $0.20 cash dividend per share during the first quarter of 2020 and all four quarters of 2019 and 2018. Future dividends are subject to Board approval.
 
The RCF Agreement and TLF Agreement limit the aggregate amount of dividends and repurchases of the Parent’s ordinary shares in each year to $300 million based on ratings by Moody’s and S&P. As discussed in Note 16 - Debt, in May 2020, the Company entered into amendments to these agreements which include terms that prohibit restricted payments, including dividends and ordinary share repurchases, through June 30, 2021.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table details the changes in AOCI: 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on:AOCI
($ thousands)Foreign
Currency
Translation		HedgesOtherTotalAttributable 
to non-controlling
interests		Attributable to IGT PLC
Balance at December 31, 2017338,146 (5,227)6,001 338,920 1,249 340,169 
Change during period(90,309)(163)(4,979)(95,451)18,691 (76,760)
Reclassified to operations (1)
(4,254)536 — (3,718)— (3,718)
Tax effect3,779 (1,904)(29)1,846 — 1,846 
Other comprehensive (loss) income(90,784)(1,531)(5,008)(97,323)18,691 (78,632)
Balance at December 31, 2018247,362 (6,758)993 241,597 19,940 261,537 
Change during period(18,172)237 2,877 (15,058)15,906 848 
Reclassified to operations (1)
1,623 (2,183)— (560)— (560)
Tax effect22 495 183 700 — 700 
Other comprehensive (loss) income (16,527)(1,451)3,060 (14,918)15,906 988 
Balance at December 31, 2019230,835 (8,209)4,053 226,679 35,846 262,525 
Change during period128,275 (674)(269)127,332 (59,455)67,877 
Reclassified to operations (1)
(507)(47)— (554)— (554)
Tax effect(217)184 — (33)— (33)
Other comprehensive income (loss)127,551 (537)(269)126,745 (59,455)67,290 
Balance at December 31, 2020358,386 (8,746)3,784 353,424 (23,609)329,815 
(1) Foreign currency translation adjustments related to liquidated subsidiaries were reclassified into foreign exchange (loss) gain, net on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges were reclassified into service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively

20.    Variable Interest Entities

We hold ownership interests in the following variable interest entities (“VIEs”):
Name of subsidiary % Ownership held
by the Company
Lottoitalia S.r.l. (“Lottoitalia”)61.50 %
Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l. (“LN”)64.00 %
Northstar New Jersey Lottery Group, LLC (“Northstar NJ”) (1)
82.31 %
(1) Northstar New Jersey Holding Company LLC, of which we are a 50.15% shareholder, holds the 82.31% ownership in Northstar NJ

Lottoitalia holds a license to operate the Lotto game in Italy through November 2025. LN holds a license to operate the Scratch & Win instant lottery game in Italy through September 2028. Northstar NJ manages a wide range of the lottery’s day-to-day operations in the State of New Jersey, as well as provides marketing and sales services under a license valid through June 2029.

We are the principal operating partner fulfilling the requirements under the licenses held by the VIEs. As such, we have the power to direct the activities that significantly affect the VIEs’ economic performance, along with the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. As a result, we concluded we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and they have been consolidated. Accordingly, the balance sheet and operating activity of the VIEs are included in our consolidated financial statements and we adjust the net income (loss) in our consolidated statement of operations to exclude the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of results. We present the proportionate share of non-controlling interests as equity in the consolidated balance sheets.

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The carrying amounts and classification of these VIEs’ assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Current assets1,087,002 842,893 
Non-current assets1,556,072 1,652,641 
Total assets2,643,074 2,495,534 
Total liabilities707,530 498,681 

21.    Segment Information
 
On July 1, 2020, we adopted a new organizational structure focused on two business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming, along with a streamlined corporate support function. During the third quarter of 2020, our chief operating decision maker requested changes in the information that he regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units. As a result, beginning in the third quarter of 2020, we report our financial performance based on our July 1, 2020 new business segments, and analyze revenue and operating income as measures of segment profitability. We have recast our historically presented comparative segment information to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor segment performance.

The Global Lottery segment has full responsibility for the worldwide traditional lottery and iLottery business, including sales, operations, product development, technology, and support. The Global Gaming segment has full responsibility for the worldwide gaming business, including iGaming, sports betting, sales, product management, studios, global manufacturing, operations, and technology.

Our two business segments are supported by central corporate support functions, including a business and strategic initiatives function, finance, people and transformation, legal, marketing and communications, corporate public affairs, and strategy and corporate development. Certain support costs that are identifiable and that benefit our business segments are allocated to them. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated. Corporate support function expenses that are not allocated to the business segments, which are principally composed of selling, general and administrative expenses, are reported as Corporate and Other expenses, along with goodwill impairment and the depreciation and amortization of acquired tangible and intangible assets in connection with acquired companies.

Through our two business segments, we operate and provide an integrated portfolio of innovative gaming technology products and services including online and instant lottery systems, gaming systems, instant ticket printing, electronic gaming machines, iLottery, sports betting, iGaming, commercial services, and lottery management services.

Global Lottery

Our Global Lottery segment provides lottery products and services primarily to governmental organizations through operating contracts, facilities management contracts (“FMCs”), lottery management agreements (“LMAs”), and product sales contracts.

As part of our lottery product and services, we provide instant and draw-based lottery products, point-of-sale machines, central processing systems, software, commercial services, instant ticket printing services, and other related equipment and support services.

We categorize revenue from operating contracts, FMCs, and LMAs as “Operating and facilities management contracts” and revenue from commercial services, software hosting, software maintenance, and other services not included within operating contracts, FMCs, or LMAs as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other”. Revenue included within “Operating and facilities management contracts” include all services required by the contract, including iLottery and instant ticket printing.

We categorize sales or sales-type leases of lottery terminals, lottery systems, software licenses, and instant tickets not part of “Operating and facilities management contracts” as product sales from “Lottery products”.

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Global Gaming

Our Global Gaming segment provides gaming products and services including software and game content, casino gaming management systems, video lottery terminals (“VLTs”), amusement with prize machines (“AWPs”), VLT central systems, sports betting, iGaming, and other related equipment and support services to commercial and tribal casino operators.

We categorize revenue from Wide Area Progressive services, and operating leases for VLTs, AWPs, and other gaming machines as service revenue from “Gaming terminal services.” We categorize revenue from iGaming services, sports betting, software intellectual property licenses, and systems as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other”.

Revenue from the sale or sales-type lease of gaming machines, systems, component parts, and other miscellaneous equipment and services are categorized as product sales from “Gaming terminals” and revenue from systems, software, casino gaming management systems, game content, iGaming products, and spare parts as product sales from “Gaming other”.

Segment information is as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue2,042,652 596,906 2,639,558 — 2,639,558 
Product sales121,346 354,552 475,898 — 475,898 
Total revenue2,163,998 951,458 3,115,456 — 3,115,456 
Operating income (loss)641,930 (205,657)436,273 (543,738)(107,465)
Depreciation and amortization235,767 155,758 391,525 174,669 566,194 
Expenditures for long-lived assets(148,679)(74,877)(223,556)(2,190)(225,746)
 
For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue2,182,961 917,907 3,100,868 — 3,100,868 
Product sales109,884 821,005 930,889 — 930,889 
Total revenue2,292,845 1,738,912 4,031,757 — 4,031,757 
Operating income (loss)697,267 179,548 876,815 (398,899)477,916 
Depreciation and amortization228,972 187,061 416,033 197,910 613,943 
Expenditures for long-lived assets(167,349)(166,932)(334,281)(8,216)(342,497)
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018
($ thousands)Global LotteryGlobal GamingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue2,234,801 961,129 3,195,930 — 3,195,930 
Product sales126,889 658,053 784,942 — 784,942 
Total revenue2,361,690 1,619,182 3,980,872 — 3,980,872 
Operating income (loss)763,799 143,340 907,139 (433,542)473,597 
Depreciation and amortization223,126 171,378 394,504 212,989 607,493 
Expenditures for long-lived assets(202,412)(229,182)(431,594)(9,450)(441,044)

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Geographical Information
 
Revenue from external customers, which is based on the geographical location of our customers, is as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
United States1,666,241 2,115,791 2,063,477 
Italy895,942 989,796 973,621 
United Kingdom63,874 73,541 58,681 
Rest of Europe209,080 322,654 313,779 
All other280,319 529,975 571,314 
Total3,115,456 4,031,757 3,980,872 

Revenue from one customer in the Global Lottery segment represented approximately 19%, 16%, and 16% of consolidated revenue in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Long-lived assets, which are comprised of Systems & Equipment and PPE, are based on the geographical location of the assets as follows: 
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
United States841,439 928,857 
Italy176,341 187,169 
United Kingdom13,871 17,687 
Rest of Europe90,646 102,874 
All other77,426 115,060 
Total1,199,723 1,351,647 

22.    Stock-Based Compensation
 
Incentive Awards
 
Stock-based incentive awards are provided to directors and employees under the terms of our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) as administered by the Board. Awards available under the Plan principally include stock options, performance share units, restricted share units or any combination thereof. The maximum number of new shares that may be granted under the Plan is 11.5 million shares. To the extent any award is forfeited, expires, lapses, or is settled for cash, the award is available for reissue under the Plan. We utilize authorized and unissued shares to satisfy all shares issued under the Plan.
 
Stock Options
 
Stock options are awards that allow the employee to purchase shares of our stock at a fixed price. Stock options are granted under the Plan at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of a share on the date of grant. In 2018, stock options were granted solely to our Chief Executive Officer, which will vest in 2021 subject to certain performance and other criteria, and have a contractual term of approximately six years. No stock options were granted in 2020 or 2019.
 
Stock Awards
 
Stock awards are principally made in the form of performance share units (“PSUs”) and restricted share units (“RSUs”). PSUs are stock awards where the number of shares ultimately received by the employee depends on the Company’s performance against specified targets, which may include Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Debt and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) relative to the Russell Mid Cap Market Index. PSUs typically vest 50% over an approximate three-year period and 50% over an approximate four-year period (i.e. four years to vest both tranches). Dividend equivalents are not paid under the Plan. The fair value of each PSU is determined on the grant date or modification date, based on the Company’s stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents, and assumes that performance targets will be achieved. Over the performance period, the number of shares of stock that will be issued is adjusted based upon the probability of achievement of performance targets. The ultimate number of shares issued and the related compensation cost recognized as expense is based on a comparison of the final performance metrics to the specified targets. In 2020, no PSUs were granted.
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RSUs are stock awards granted to directors that entitle the holder to shares of common stock as the award vests, typically over a one-year period, and have a contractual term of 10 years. Dividend equivalents are not paid under the Plan. In 2020, RSUs were also granted to employees, which will vest in approximately one- and two-year vesting periods.

Stock Option Activity
 
A summary of our stock option activity and related information is as follows: 
  Weighted-Average 
Stock
Options		Exercise Price Per Share ($)Remaining Contractual Term (in years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 20201,140,566 20.73   
Granted— — 
Exercised— —   
Expired(718,066)20.29   
Outstanding at December 31, 2020422,500 21.49 2.19 
At December 31, 2020:    
Vested and expected to vest250,000 15.53 1.37352 
Exercisable250,000 15.53 1.37352 
 
No stock options were exercised in 2020 and 2019. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised in 2018 was $6.0 million. There were no cash proceeds from stock options exercised in 2018.
 
Fair Value of Stock Options Granted
 
We estimate the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using a valuation model that incorporates key inputs and assumptions as detailed in the table below. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during 2018 was $6.84 per share. 
 2018
Valuation modelMonte Carlo
Exercise price ($)30.12 
Expected option term (in years)2.83
Expected volatility of the Company’s stock (%)35.00 
Risk-free interest rate (%)2.73 
Dividend yield (%)2.66 
 
The expected volatility assumes the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which may not be the actual outcome. The expected option term is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that may occur. Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of our original estimates of fair value.

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Stock Award Activity
 
A summary of our stock award activity and related information is as follows: 
PSUsWeighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)RSUsWeighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at January 1, 20205,060,951 19.41 130,009 14.07 
Granted— — 2,375,141 9.04 
Vested(474,399)24.07 (136,161)13.64 
Forfeited(1,229,586)20.16 (2,606)9.08 
Nonvested at December 31, 20203,356,966 18.40 2,366,383 9.05 
At December 31, 2020:    
Unrecognized cost for nonvested awards ($ thousands)1,052  17,827  
Weighted-average future recognition period (in years)0.27 1.93 
 
The total vest-date fair value of PSUs vested was $2.7 million, $3.7 million, and $24.6 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The total vest-date fair value of RSUs vested was $1.2 million, $0.9 million, and $3.4 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
 
Fair Value of Stock Awards Granted
 
We estimated the fair value of PSUs at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model, as the awards include a market condition. The market condition is based on the Company’s TSR relative to the Russell Midcap Market Index.
 
During 2020, 2019, and 2018, we estimated the fair value of RSUs at the date of grant based on our stock price. Details of the grants are as follows: 
 202020192018
PSUs granted during the year— 2,133,512 1,564,083 
Weighted-average grant date fair value ($)— 11.10 28.93 
RSUs granted during the year2,375,141 131,676 68,142 
Weighted-average grant date fair value ($)9.04 14.10 30.23 

Modifications
 
2018

During the first quarter of 2018, we modified the measurement of a performance condition for the outstanding PSUs granted in 2015, as the original vesting conditions were not expected to be satisfied. The modification affected 301 employees and resulted in $13.2 million of compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2018.

During the third quarter of 2018, we modified the measurement of a performance condition for the outstanding PSUs granted in 2016 and 2017, in order to better align the performance conditions with the PSUs granted in 2018. The modification affected 473 employees and resulted in $10.6 million of compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
Total compensation cost (recovery) for our stock-based compensation plans is recorded based on the employees’ respective functions as detailed below. 
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)202020192018
Cost of services(1,137)2,131 1,923 
Cost of product sales(282)430 445 
Selling, general and administrative(4,162)21,409 27,702 
Research and development(1,296)2,544 3,016 
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes(6,877)26,514 33,086 
Income tax (provision) benefit(1,856)6,119 7,562 
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax(5,021)20,395 25,524 
 
The current year recovery results from the reversal of prior year expense due to certain PSUs that are no longer forecasted to be achieved.

23.    Earnings Per Share
 
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted loss per share of common stock: 

 For the year ended December 31,
($ and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)202020192018
Numerator:   
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC(939,331)(128,894)(139,380)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC41,441 109,869 118,030 
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC(897,890)(19,025)(21,350)
Denominator:   
Weighted-average shares - basic and diluted204,725 204,373 204,083 
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic and diluted(4.59)(0.63)(0.68)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic and diluted0.20 0.54 0.58 
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic and diluted(4.39)(0.09)(0.10)

Certain stock options to purchase common shares were outstanding, but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common shares for the full year, and therefore, the effect would have been antidilutive.

During years when we are in a net loss position, certain outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an antidilutive effect.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, stock options and unvested restricted stock awards totaling 0.7 million shares, 1.2 million shares, and 1.6 million shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an antidilutive effect.

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24.    Related Party Transactions

We engage in business transactions with certain related parties which include (i) De Agostini S.p.A. (“De Agostini”) or entities directly or indirectly controlled by De Agostini, (ii) other entities and individuals capable of exercising control, joint control, or significant influence over us, and (iii) our unconsolidated subsidiaries or joint ventures. Members of the Board, executives with authority for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and such Directors’ and executives’ close family members are also considered related parties. We may make investments in such entities, enter into transactions with such entities, or both.

De Agostini Group

We are majority-owned by De Agostini. Amounts receivable from De Agostini and subsidiaries of De Agostini (the “De Agostini Group”) are non-interest bearing. Transactions with the De Agostini Group include payments for support services provided and office space rented pursuant to a lease entered into prior to the formation of the Company. In addition, certain of our Italian subsidiaries have a tax unit agreement, and in some cases, a value-added tax agreement, with De Agostini pursuant to which De Agostini consolidates certain Italian subsidiaries of De Agostini for the collection and payment of taxes to the Italian tax authority.

Related party transactions with the De Agostini Group are as follows:
 December 31,
($ thousands)20202019
Trade receivables— 2 
Tax-related receivables — 2,031 
Trade payables5,096 3,180 
Tax-related payables18,706 17,004 

Unconsolidated Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

From time to time, we make strategic investments in publicly traded and privately held companies that develop software, hardware, and other technologies or provide services supporting its technologies. We may also purchase from or make sales to these organizations.

Ringmaster S.r.l. (“Ringmaster”)

We have a 50% interest in Ringmaster, an Italian joint venture, that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Ringmaster provides software development services for our interactive gaming business pursuant to an agreement dated December 7, 2011. Our investment in Ringmaster was $0.8 million and $0.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

We incurred $6.6 million, $6.1 million, and $10.4 million in expenses to Ringmaster for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

Connect Ventures One LP and Connect Ventures Two LP

We have held investments in Connect Ventures One LP and Connect Ventures Two LP (the “Connect Ventures”) since 2011 and 2015, respectively, that are accounted for as equity investments. De Agostini also holds investments in the Connect Ventures, and Nicola Drago, the son of director Marco Drago, holds a 10% ownership interest in, and is a non-executive member of, Connect Ventures LLP, the fund that manages the Connect Ventures. The Connect Ventures are venture capital funds that target “early stage” investment operations.

Our investment in Connect Ventures One LP was $5.1 million and $4.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our investment in Connect Ventures Two LP was $7.3 million and $6.2 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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