Retirement benefits - change in plan assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year	$ 9,614	$ 9,131
Employer contributions	53	35
Benefits paid	(320)	(330)
Return on assets/other	906	(31)
Settlements	(2)	0
Currency translation adjustments	223	810
Plan assets at fair value at end of year	$ 10,475	$ 9,614

Amount of increase (decrease) in plan assets of defined benefit plan from actual return (loss) determined by change in fair value of plan assets adjusted for contributions, benefit payments, and other expenses.

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- Definition

A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.

+ References

No definition available.

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- Definition

Amount of contribution received by defined benefit plan from employer which increases plan assets.

+ References

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- Definition

Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.

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- Definition

Amount of payment to participant under defined benefit plan which decreases plan assets. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.

+ References

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- Definition

Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which increases (decreases) plan assets of defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

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- Definition

Amount of payment, which decreases plan assets of defined benefit plan, for irrevocable action relieving primary responsibility for benefit obligation and eliminating risk for obligation and assets used to effect settlement. Transaction constituting settlement includes, but is not limited to, making lump-sum cash payment to participant in exchange for their rights to receive specified benefits and purchasing nonparticipating annuity contract.

+ References

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