Retirement benefits - changes in benefit obligations (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019
Change in benefit obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$ 9,905	$ 8,795
Service costs	6	2	$ 2
Interest costs	139	141	195
Settlements	(2)	0
Net actuarial loss	75	491
Benefits paid	(320)	(330)
Acquisitions	182	0
Currency translation adjustments	223	806
Benefit obligation at end of year	$ 10,206	$ 9,905	$ 8,795

Amount of gain (loss) from change in actuarial assumptions which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan. Assumptions include, but are not limited to, interest, mortality, employee turnover, salary, and temporary deviation from substantive plan.

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Amount of actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.

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Amount of payment to participant of defined benefit plan which decreases benefit obligation. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.

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- Definition

Amount of increase in benefit obligation of defined benefit plan from business combination.

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- Definition

A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.

+ References

No definition available.

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Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan.

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- Definition

Amount of cost recognized for passage of time related to defined benefit plan.

+ References

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Amount of cost for actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.

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- Definition

Amount of (increase) decrease to benefit obligation of defined benefit plan from irrevocable action relieving primary responsibility for benefit obligation and eliminating risk for obligation and assets used to effect settlement. Includes, but is not limited to, lump-sum cash payment to participant in exchange for right to receive specified benefits, purchase of nonparticipating annuity contract and change from remeasurement.

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