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Exit and disposal activities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring costs and reserves
Costs related to exit and disposal activities under the Transformational Cost Management Program for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in millions):

Twelve Months Ended August 31, 2020Retail Pharmacy USARetail Pharmacy InternationalPharmaceutical WholesaleWalgreens Boots Alliance, Inc.
Lease obligations and other real estate costs1
$204 $10 $$217 
Asset impairments2
51 21 19 90 
Employee severance and business transition costs159 95 42 295 
Information technology transformation and other exit costs72 42 118 
Total pre-tax exit and disposal charges$486 $168 $66 $720 
1Includes $166 million of impairments relating to operating lease right-of-use and finance lease assets. Refer to note 4, leases for additional information.
2Primarily includes write down of leasehold improvements, certain software and inventory.

Twelve Months Ended August 31, 2019Retail Pharmacy USARetail Pharmacy InternationalPharmaceutical WholesaleWalgreens Boots Alliance, Inc.
Lease obligations and other real estate costs$$19 $$25 
Asset impairments1
95 67 98 260 
Employee severance and business transition costs42 34 49 125 
Information technology transformation and other exit costs10 22 
Total pre-tax exit and disposal charges$147 $130 $154 $432 
1Primarily includes write down of leasehold improvements, certain software and inventory.
Costs related to the Store Optimization Program for the twelve months ended August 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions):
202020192018
Lease obligations and other real estate costs1
$22 $119 $19 
Employee severance and other exit costs31 77 81 
Total costs$53 $196 $100 
1Includes $11 million operating lease right-of-use impairments for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020. Refer to note 4, leases for additional information.
Schedule of restructuring reserve by type of cost
The changes in liabilities and assets related to the exit and disposal activities under Transformational Cost Management Program include the following (in millions):

Lease obligations and other real estate costsAsset ImpairmentsEmployee severance and business transition costsInformation technology transformation and other exit costsTotal
Balance at August 31, 2018$— $— $— $— $— 
Costs25 260 125 22 432 
Payments(8)— (69)(13)(90)
Other - non cash— (260)— (6)(265)
Currency— — — 
Balance at August 31, 2019$17 $— $57 $$78 
Costs217 90 295 118 720 
Payments(43)— (142)(102)(286)
Other1
(166)(90)13 (11)(255)
ASC 842 Leases adoption2
(4)— — — (4)
Currency— — 
Balance at August 31, 2020$22 $ $227 $8 $257 
1Includes $166 million of impairments relating to operating lease right-of-use and finance lease assets. Refer to note 4, leases for additional information.
2Represents liability for facility closings and related lease termination charges recorded as an offset to right-of-use assets upon the adoption of ASC 842. Refer to note 1, summary of major accounting policies and note 4, leases for additional information.
The changes in liabilities related to the Store Optimization Program for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2020 and 2019 include the following (in millions):
 Lease obligations and other real estate costsEmployee severance and other exit costsTotal
Balance at August 31, 2018$308 $21 $329 
Costs119 77 196 
Payments(171)(69)(240)
Other - non cash1
152 (7)144 
Balance at August 31, 2019$407 $22 $429 
Costs22 31 53 
Payments(36)(40)(76)
Other - non cash2
(11)(12)(23)
ASC 842 Leases adoption3
(378)— (378)
Balance at August 31, 2020$5 $1 $6 
1Primarily represents unfavorable lease liabilities from acquired Rite Aid stores.
2Includes write down of operating lease right-of-use assets and inventory.
3Represents liability for facility closings and related lease termination charges recorded as an offset to right-of-use assets upon the adoption of ASC 842. Refer to note 1, summary of major accounting policies and note 4, leases for additional information.