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Fair value measurements (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in millions):
 
November 30, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds1
$
940

 
$
940

 
$
—

 
$
—

Available-for-sale investments2
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency forwards3
3

 
—

 
3

 
—

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign currency forwards3
15

 
—

 
15

 
—

Interest rate swaps4
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
August 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds1
$
2,096

 
$
2,096

 
$
—

 
$
—

Available-for-sale investments2
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign currency forwards3
19

 
—

 
19

 
—


1 
Money market funds are valued at the closing price reported by the fund sponsor.
2 
Fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices as of the balance sheet dates.
3 
The fair value of forward currency contracts are estimated by discounting the difference between the contractual forward price and the current available forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using observable market rates.
4 
The fair value of interest rate swaps is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows based on the applicable observable yield curves. See note 8, financial instruments for additional information.