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Note 1 - Organization, Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
1
- Organization, Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Organization and Nature of Business
 
C&J Energy Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Successor” and together with its consolidated subsidiaries and for periods subsequent to the Plan Effective Date, “C&J” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of
well construction, well completion, well support and other complementary oilfield services to oil and gas exploration and production companies in North America. The Company offers a comprehensive, vertically-integrated suite of services throughout the life cycle of the well, including hydraulic fracturing, cased-hole wireline and pumpdown, cementing, directional drilling, coiled tubing, service rigs, fluids management and other support services. The Company is headquartered in Houston, Texas and operates in all active onshore basins in the continental United States and Western Canada.
 
C&J’s business was founded in Texas in
1997
as a partnership and converted to a Delaware corporation (“Old C&J”) in
2010
in connection with an initial public offering that was completed in
July
2011
with a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “CJES.” In
2015,
Old C&J combined with the completion and production services business (the “C&P Business”) of Nabors Industries Ltd. (“Nabors”) in a transaction (the “Nabors Merger”) that nearly tripled the Company’s size, significantly expanding the Company’s Completion Services business and adding Well Support Services to the Company’s service offering. Upon the closing of the Nabors Merger, Old C&J became a subsidiary of C&J Energy Services Ltd. (the “Predecessor” and together with certain of its subsidiaries and for periods prior to the Plan Effective Date (as defined below), the “Predecessor Companies,” or the “Company”) and shares of common stock of Old C&J were converted into common shares of the Predecessor on a
1
-for-
1
basis.
 
Due to the severe industry downturn, on the Petition Date, certain of the Predecessor Companies filed voluntary petitions for reorganization seeking relief under the provisions of Chapter
11
of Title
11
of the United States Bankruptcy Code with the United States Bankruptcy Court in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, and also commenced ancillary proceedings in Canada and a provisional liquidation proceeding in Bermuda. Throughout the Chapter
11
Proceeding, the Debtors continued operations and management of their assets in the ordinary course as debtors-in-possession under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court.
 
 
On the Plan Effective Date, the Debtors substantially consummated their Restructuring Plan and emerged from the Chapter
11
Proceeding. As part of the transactions undertaken pursuant to the Restructuring Plan, as of the Plan Effective Date, the Successor was formed, the Predecessor’s equity was canceled, the Predecessor transferred all of its assets and operations to the Successor and the Predecessor was subsequently dissolved. As a result, the Successor became the successor issuer to the Predecessor. See Note
2
- Chapter
11
Proceeding and Emergence for additional information, including definitions of capitalized defined terms, about the Chapter
11
Proceeding and emergence from the Chapter
11
Proceeding.
 
Contemporaneously with the commencement of the Chapter
11
Proceeding, trading in the Predecessor’s common stock was suspended and ultimately delisted from the NYSE. On
April
12,
2017,
the Successor completed an underwritten public offering of common stock and its common stock began trading again on the NYSE under the symbol “CJ.”
 
 
 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have not been audited by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, except that the consolidated balance sheet at
December
 
31,
2016
and the consolidated statement of changes in shareholders' equity as of
December
 
31,
2016,
are derived from audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for fair presentation have been included. These consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated upon consolidation.
 
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Therefore, these consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended
December
 
31,
2016,
which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10
-K filed with the SEC. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that
may
be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
 
For the comparable prior year period and on
January
1,
2017
(the "Fresh Start Reporting Date"), the Company applied the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
852
-
Reorganizations
, in preparing the consolidated financial statements. ASC
852
requires that the financial statements distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the Chapter
11
Proceeding from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, certain expenses, gains and losses that are realized or incurred in the Chapter
11
Proceeding were recorded in a reorganization line item on the consolidated statements of operations of the Predecessor. In addition, pre-petition obligations that management predicted might be impacted by the Chapter
11
Proceeding were classified on the balance sheet of the Predecessor in liabilities subject to compromise. These liabilities were reported at the amounts expected to be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court, even if they
may
be settled for lesser amounts.
 
Use of Estimates
. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in, but are not limited to, determining the following: allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of long-lived assets and intangibles, useful lives used in depreciation and amortization, inventory reserves, income taxes, liabilities subject to compromise and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities under the provisions of ASC
852
fresh start accounting ("Fresh Start"). The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements
may
change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, or as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
.
For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash is defined as cash on-hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments with initial maturities of
three
months or less. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in various financial institutions, which at times
may
exceed federally insured amounts. Management believes that this risk is not significant. Cash balances related to the Company's captive insurance subsidiaries, which totaled
$15.2
million and
$16.1
million at
March
 
31,
2017
and
December
 
31,
2016,
respectively, are included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets, and the Company expects to use these cash balances to fund the operations of the captive insurance subsidiaries.
 
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
.
Accounts receivable are generally stated at the amount billed to customers. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. Provisions for doubtful accounts are recorded when it is deemed probable that the customer will not make the required payments at either the contractual due dates or in the future.
 
Inventories
.
Inventories for the Completion Services segment consist of finished goods, including equipment components, chemicals, proppants, supplies and materials for the segment’s operations. Inventories for the Other Services segment consisted of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods, including equipment components, supplies and materials.
 
Consistent with FASB requirements under ASC
852
,
an entity adopting fresh-start accounting
may
generally set new accounting policies for the successor independent of those followed by the predecessor. The entity emerging from bankruptcy typically is not required to demonstrate preferability for its new accounting policies, as the successor entity represents a new entity for financial reporting purposes.
 
During
January
2017,
the Company implemented a new computer system that provides financial reporting, inventory management and fixed asset management capabilities (the "new ERP system") to enhance functionality and to support to Company's existing and future operations. The new ERP system utilizes the weighted average cost flow method for determining inventory cost ("Weighted Average"), which replaced the
first
-in,
first
-out basis ("FIFO") method utilized by the Company's legacy system. The Weighted Average and FIFO methods are both allowable under U.S. GAAP. As of the Fresh Start Reporting Date, the Company began utilizing the Weighted Average method for determining inventory cost. Inventory cost for the prior periods presented are still reflective of the FIFO method.
 
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
 
 
March 31, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Raw materials
  $
9,948
    $
16,367
 
Work-in-process
   
599
     
5,022
 
Finished goods
   
45,400
     
38,091
 
Total inventory
   
55,947
     
59,480
 
Inventory reserve
   
(461
)
   
(5,009
)
Inventory, net
  $
55,486
    $
54,471
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
.
Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) expenditures are reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the life of the related assets, are charged to expense when incurred. Refurbishments are capitalized when the value of the equipment is enhanced for an extended period. When property and equipment are sold or otherwise disposed of, the asset account and related accumulated depreciation account are relieved, and any gain or loss is included in operating income.
 
PP&E are evaluated on a quarterly basis to identify events or changes in circumstances (“triggering events”) that indicate the carrying value of certain PP&E
may
not be recoverable. PP&E are reviewed for impairment upon the occurrence of a triggering event. An impairment loss is recorded in the period in which it is determined that the carrying amount of PP&E is not recoverable. The determination of recoverability is made based upon the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows of assets grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets with such cash flows to be realized over the estimated remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group, excluding interest expense. The Company determined the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are independent of other asset groups to be at the service line level, which consists of the well services, hydraulic fracturing, coiled tubing, wireline, pumpdown, directional drilling, cementing, artificial lift applications and data acquisition and control instruments provider service lines as well as the research and technology ("R&T") service line. If the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows for a given asset group is less than the carrying amount of the related assets, an impairment loss is determined by comparing the estimated fair value with the carrying value of the related assets. The impairment loss is then allocated across the asset group's major classifications.
 
The Company concluded that the sharp fall in commodity prices during the
second
half of
2014
constituted a triggering event that resulted in a significant slowdown in activity across the Company’s customer base, which in turn increased competition and put pressure on pricing for its services throughout
2015
and
2016.
Although uncertainty as to the severity and extent of this downturn still exists, activity and pricing levels
may
decline again in future periods. As a result of the triggering event during the
fourth
quarter of
2014,
PP&E recoverability testing was performed throughout
2015
and
2016
on the asset groups in each of the Company’s service lines. During the
first
quarter of
2016,
the recoverability testing for the directional drilling, cementing, artificial lift applications and international coiled tubing asset groups yielded an estimated undiscounted net cash flow that was less than the carrying amount of the related assets. The estimated fair value for each respective asset group was compared to its carrying value, and impairment expense of
$15.8
million was recognized during the
first
quarter of
2016
and allocated across each respective asset group's major classification. The impairment charge was primarily related to underutilized equipment in the Other Services segment.  The fair value of these assets was based on the projected present value of future cash flows that these assets are expected to generate. Should industry conditions worsen, additional impairment charges
may
be required in future periods. No impairment expense was recorded for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017.
 
 
Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
.
Prior to
December
31,
2016,
the Company allocated goodwill to Completion Services, Well Support Services and Other Services, all of which were consistent with the presentation of the Company’s
three
reportable segments as of
December
31,
2016.
At the reporting unit level, the Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis as of
October
 
31
of each year, or when events or changes in circumstances, referred to as triggering events, indicate the carrying value of goodwill
may
not be recoverable and that a potential impairment exists.
 
Judgment is used in assessing whether goodwill should be tested for impairment more frequently than annually. Factors such as unexpected adverse economic conditions, competition, market changes and other external events
may
require more frequent assessments. During the
first
quarter of
2016,
commodity price levels remained depressed which materially and negatively impacted the Company's results of operations, and the significant declines in the Company's share price led to an interim period test for goodwill impairment. See Note
6
- Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further discussion on impairment testing results
.
 
Before employing detailed impairment testing methodologies, the Company
may
first
evaluate the likelihood of impairment by considering qualitative factors relevant to each reporting unit, such as macroeconomic, industry, market or any other factors that have a significant bearing on fair value. If the Company
first
utilizes a qualitative approach and determines that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, detailed testing methodologies are then applied. Otherwise, the Company concludes that no impairment has occurred. Detailed impairment testing, or Step
1
testing, involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the fair value exceeds carrying value, then it is concluded that no goodwill impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a
second
step is required to measure possible goodwill impairment loss. The
second
step, or Step
2
testing, includes hypothetically valuing the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Then, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying value of that goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value.
 
The Company’s Step
1
impairment analysis involves the use of a blended income and market approach. Significant management judgment is necessary to evaluate the impact of operating and macroeconomic changes on each reporting unit. Critical assumptions include projected revenue growth, fleet count, utilization, gross profit rates, sales, general and administrative (“SG&A”) rates, working capital fluctuations, capital expenditures, discount rates, terminal growth rates, and price-to-earnings multiples. The Company’s market capitalization is also used to corroborate reporting unit valuations.
 
Similar to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment tests or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount
may
not be recoverable.
 
Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Along with PP&E, these intangibles are reviewed for impairment when a triggering event indicates that the asset
may
have a net book value in excess of recoverable value. In these cases, the Company performs a recoverability test on its PP&E and definite-lived intangible assets by comparing the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of these assets to the carrying amount of the assets for recoverability. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment does not exist and a loss will not be recognized. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are not recoverable and the amount of impairment must be determined by fair valuing the assets.
 
For further discussion of the application of this accounting policy regarding impairments, please see Note
6
- Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
 
Deferred Financing Costs.
Costs incurred to obtain term debt financing are presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the term debt, consistent with debt discounts, and accreted over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Costs incurred to obtain revolver based financing are capitalized and amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method.
 
Revenue Recognition
. All revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the service is complete or the equipment has been delivered to the customer, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured, as follows:
 
Completion Services Segment
 
Hydraulic Fracturing Revenue.
Through its hydraulic fracturing service line, the Company provides hydraulic fracturing services on a spot market basis or pursuant to contractual arrangements, such as term contracts and pricing agreements. Under either scenario, revenue is recognized and customers are invoiced upon the completion of each job, which can consist of
one
or more fracturing stages. Once a job has been completed to the customer’s satisfaction, a field ticket is written that includes charges for the service performed and the consumables (such as fluids and proppants) used during the course of service. The field ticket
may
also include charges for the mobilization and set-up of equipment, the personnel on the job, any additional equipment used on the job, and other miscellaneous consumables.
 
Rates for services performed on a spot market basis are based on an agreed-upon hourly spot market rate for a specified number of hours of service.
 
Pursuant to pricing agreements and other contractual arrangements which the Company
may
enter into from time to time, such as those associated with an award from a bid process, customers typically commit to targeted utilization levels based on a specified number of hours of service at agreed-upon pricing, but without termination penalties or obligations to pay for services not used by the customer. In addition, the agreed-upon pricing is typically subject to periodic review, as specifically defined in the agreement, and
may
be adjusted upon the agreement of both parties.
 
Casedhole Solutions Revenue.
Through its Casedhole Solutions service line, the Company provides cased-hole wireline, pumpdown services, wireline logging, perforating, pressure pumping, well site make-up and pressure testing and other complementary services, on a spot market basis. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature, lasting anywhere from a few hours to multiple days. The Company typically charges the customer for these services on a per job basis at agreed-upon spot market rates. Revenue is recognized based on a field ticket issued upon the completion of the job.
 
Revenue from Materials Consumed While Performing Certain Completion Services.
The Company generates revenue from consumables used during the course of providing services.
 
With respect to hydraulic fracturing services, the Company generates revenue from the fluids, proppants and other materials that are consumed while performing a job. For services performed on a spot market basis, the required consumables are typically provided by the Company and the customer is billed for those consumables at cost plus an agreed-upon markup. For services performed on a contractual basis, when the consumables are provided by the Company, the customer typically is billed for those consumables at a negotiated contractual rate. When consumables are supplied by the customer, the Company typically charges handling fees based on the amount of consumables used.
 
Other Completion Services.
The Company generates revenue from certain smaller well construction service lines, specifically cementing and directional drilling services, and R&T which is primarily engaged in the engineering and production of certain parts and components, such as perforating guns and addressable switches, which are used in the completion process.
 
With respect to its directional drilling services, the Company provides these services on a spot market basis. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature, lasting anywhere from a few days to multiple weeks. The Company typically charges the customer for these services on a per day basis at agreed-upon spot market rates depending on the level of services required and the complexity of the job. Revenue is recognized and customers are invoiced upon the completion of each job. Once a job has been completed to the customer’s satisfaction, a field ticket is written that includes charges for the service performed.
 
With respect to its cementing services, the Company provides these services on a spot market or project basis. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature and are generally completed in a few hours. The Company typically charges the customer for these services on a per job basis at agreed-upon spot market rates or agreed-upon job pricing for a particular project. Revenue is recognized and customers are invoiced upon the completion of each job. Once a job has been completed to the customer’s satisfaction, a field ticket is written that includes charges for the service performed and the consumables (such as blended bulk cement and chemical additives) used during the course of service.
 
Well Support Services Segment
 
Rig Services Revenue.
Through its rig service line, the Company provides workover and well servicing rigs that are primarily used for routine repair and maintenance of oil and gas wells, re-drilling operations and plugging and abandonment operations. These services are provided on an hourly basis at prices that approximate spot market rates. Revenue is recognized and a field ticket is generated upon the earliest of the completion of a job or at the end of each day. A rig services job can last anywhere from a few hours to multiple days depending on the type of work being performed. The field ticket includes the base hourly rate charge and, if applicable, charges for additional personnel or equipment not contemplated in the base hourly rate.
 
Fluids Management Services Revenue.
Through its fluids management service line, the Company primarily provides storage, transportation and disposal services for fluids used in the drilling, completion and workover of oil and gas wells. Rates for these services vary and can be on a per job, per hour or per load basis, or on the basis of quantities sold or disposed of. Revenue is recognized upon the completion of each job or load, or delivered product, based on a completed field ticket.
 
Coiled Tubing Services Revenue.
Through its coiled tubing service line, the Company provides a range of coiled tubing services primarily used for frac plug drill-out during completion operations and for well workover and maintenance, primarily on a spot market basis. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature, lasting anywhere from a few hours to multiple days. Revenue is recognized upon completion of each day’s work based upon a completed field ticket. The field ticket includes charges for the services performed and the consumables (such as stimulation fluids, nitrogen and coiled tubing materials) used during the course of service. The field ticket
may
also include charges for the mobilization and set-up of equipment, the personnel on the job, any additional equipment used on the job, and other miscellaneous consumables. The Company typically charges the customer for the services performed and resources provided on an hourly basis at agreed-upon spot market rates.
 
In addition, ancillary to coiled tubing services revenue, the Company generates revenue from stimulation fluids, nitrogen, coiled tubing materials and other consumables used during those processes.
 
Other Special Well Site Services Revenue.
Through its other special well site service line, the Company primarily provides fishing, contract labor, and tool rental services for completion and workover of oil and gas wells. Rates for these services vary and can be on a per job, per hour or on the basis of rental days per month. Revenue is recognized based on a field ticket issued upon the completion of each job or on a monthly billing for rental services provided.
 
With respect to its artificial lift applications, the Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of manufactured equipment and products. Revenue is recognized upon the completion, delivery and customer acceptance of each order.
 
Other Services Segment
 
Revenue within the Other Services Segment was generated from certain of the Company’s smaller, non-core service lines that have since been divested, such as, equipment manufacturing and repair operations and the Company’s international coiled tubing operations in the Middle East. In line with the discontinuance of these small, ancillary service lines and divisions, subsequent to the year ended
December
31,
2016,
the Company is disclosing only
two
reportable segments, and financial information for the Other Services reportable segment is only presented for the corresponding prior year period.
 
Share-Based Compensation
.
The Company’s share-based compensation plans provide the ability to grant equity awards to the Company’s employees, consultants and non-employee directors. As of
March
 
31,
2017,
only nonqualified stock options and restricted stock had been granted under such plans. The Company values option grants based on the grant date fair value by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and values restricted stock grants based on the closing price of C&J’s common stock on the grant date. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Further information regarding the Company’s share-based compensation arrangements and the related accounting treatment can be found in Note
7
– Share-Based Compensation.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The recorded values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values given the short-term nature of these instruments.
 
Equity Method Investments
. The Company has investments in joint ventures which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the joint venture. Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes considering key factors such as ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under the equity method, original investments are recorded at cost and adjusted by the Company’s share of undistributed earnings and losses of these investments. The Company eliminates all significant intercompany transactions, including the intercompany portion of transactions with equity method investees, from the consolidated financial results.
 
Income Taxes
.
The Company is subject to income and other similar taxes in all areas in which they operate. When recording income tax expense, certain estimates are required because: (a) income tax returns are generally filed months after the close of our annual accounting period; (b) tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities and audits can often take years to complete and settle; and (c) future events often impact the timing of when we recognize income tax expenses and benefits.
 
The Company accounts for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date.
 
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. In assessing the likelihood and extent that deferred tax assets will be realized, consideration is given to projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies. A valuation allowance is recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
 
The Company has federal, state and international net operating losses (NOLs) carried forward from prior years that will expire in the years
2021
through
2036.
After considering the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, the potential limitation on use of NOLs under Section
382
of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986,
as amended (the "Code") and tax planning strategies, the Company established a valuation allowance due to the uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets associated with its NOL carryforwards.
 
As a result of the Chapter
11
Proceeding, on the Plan Effective Date, the Company believes it experienced an ownership change for purposes of Section
382
of the Code as a result of its Restructuring Plan and that consequently its pre-change NOLs are subject to an annual limitation (See Note
2
- Chapter
11
Proceeding and Emergence for additional information, including definitions of capitalized defined terms, about the Chapter
11
Proceeding and emergence from the Chapter
11
Proceeding). The ownership change and resulting annual limitation on use of NOLs are not expected to result in the expiration of the Company's NOL carryforwards if it is able to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carryforward periods. However, the limitation on the amount of NOLs available to offset taxable income in a specific year
may
result in the payment of income taxes before all NOLs have been utilized. Additionally, a subsequent ownership change
may
result in further limitation on the ability to utilize existing NOLs and other tax attributes, which could cause our pre-change NOL carryforwards to expire unused.
 
The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than
50.0%
likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. Previously recognized tax positions are reversed in the
first
period in which it is no longer more-likely-than-not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. Income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, are recorded as a component of the provision for income tax expense. For the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017,
the Company recorded an income tax benefit of
$3.2
million primarily related to a decrease in the estimate of unrecognized tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions. The decrease resulted primarily from the effect of changes in the application of relevant withholding tax provisions under applicable local country treaties related to certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. As of
March
31,
2017,
the remaining amount of unrecognized tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions was
$3.3
million.
 
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
.
Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period and excludes shares subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus, when their effect is dilutive, incremental shares consisting of shares subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock.
 
The following is a reconciliation of the components of the basic and diluted loss per share calculations for the applicable periods:
 
 
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
 
 
On
January 1, 2017
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2016
 
   
(In thousands, except per
share amounts)
   
(In thousands, except per
share amounts)
 
Numerator:
                       
Net income (loss) attributed to common stockholders
  $
(32,301
)
  $
298,582
    $
(428,412
)
Denominator:
                       
Weighted average common shares outstanding
   
55,557
     
118,633
     
117,533
 
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares:
                       
Stock options
   
     
     
 
Restricted shares
   
     
     
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding and assumed conversions
   
55,557
     
118,633
     
117,533
 
Income (loss) per common share:
                       
Basic
  $
(0.58
)
  $
2.52
    $
(3.65
)
Diluted
  $
(0.58
)
  $
2.52
    $
(3.65
)
 
A summary of securities excluded from the computation of basic and diluted loss per share is presented below for the applicable periods:
 
 
 
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
 
 
On
January 1, 2017
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2016
 
   
(In thousands)
   
(In thousands)
 
Basic loss per share:
                       
Restricted shares
   
299
     
898
     
2,726
 
Diluted loss per share:
                       
Anti-dilutive stock options
   
155
     
4,416
     
4,523
 
Anti-dilutive restricted shares
   
299
     
898
     
2,695
 
Potentially dilutive securities excluded as anti-dilutive
   
454
     
5,314
     
7,218
 
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
. In
May
2014,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard, Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No.
2014
-
09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
("ASU
2014
-
09")
that will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. In
August
2015,
the FASB issued an accounting standards update for a
one
-year deferral of the revenue recognition standard's effective date for all entities, which changed the effectiveness to annual reporting periods beginning after
December
15,
2017,
including interim periods within that reporting period. The core principle of the new guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard creates a
five
step model that requires companies to exercise judgment when considering the terms of a contract and all relevant facts and circumstances. The standard allows for the following transition methods: (a) a full retrospective adoption in which the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or (b) a modified retrospective adoption in which the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements, including additional disclosures of the standard’s application impact to individual financial statement line items. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting this new accounting standard on its results of operations and financial position.
 
In
July
2015,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2015
-
11,
S
implifying the Measurement of Inventory
("ASU
2015
-
11"),
which changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU
2015
-
11
is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative and applies to entities that measure inventory using a method other than last-in,
first
-out ("LIFO") or the retail inventory method. The guidance will require prospective application at the beginning of the Company's
first
q
uarter of fiscal
2018,
but permits adoption in an earlier period.  The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In
February
2016,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842)
("ASU
2016
-
02").
 ASU No.
2016
-
02
 seeks to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Unlike current U.S. GAAP, which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, ASU No.
2016
-
02
 will require both operating and finance leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Additionally, the new guidance will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, including qualitative and quantitative requirements. The amendments in ASU No.
2016
-
02
 are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2018,
including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its results of operations and financial position.
 
June
2016,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2016
-
13,
Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic
326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
(“ASU
2016
-
13”),
which amends U.S. GAAP by introducing a new impairment model for financial instruments that is based on expected credit losses rather than incurred credit losses. The new impairment model applies to most financial assets, including trade accounts receivable. The amendments in ASU
2016
-
13
are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December
15,
2019,
although it
may
be adopted
one
year earlier, and requires a modified retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its results of operations and financial position.
 
In
October
2016,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2016
-
16,
Income Taxes (Topic
740):
Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory
("ASU
2016
-
16"),
which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity asset transfer, other than an intra-entity asset transfer of inventory, when the transfer occurs. The ASU is effective for the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December
15,
2017,
including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its results of operations and financial position.