Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Professional fees	$	171,474	$	269,544
Payroll and other employee-related costs	48,797		417,997
Consumer product-related costs	10,481		5,360
Restructuring-related costs	—		68,593
Other research and development-related costs	—		2,846
Total	$	230,752	$	764,340

Restructuring-related costs

In June 2018, the Company's Board of Directors, or the Board, approved a corporate restructuring plan to reduce the Company's cost structure. In connection with the corporate restructuring plan, the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 60%, with the reduction completed as of September 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had paid $51,000 in retention bonuses and $889,000 in severance benefits associated with these arrangements.

Also, in June 2018, the Board approved employee retention arrangements and certain increased severance payments related to the corporate restructuring plan, to incentivize certain employees to remain with the Company through a potential sale or merger. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had paid $214,000 in retention bonuses, $410,000 in annual bonuses and $185,000 in severance benefits associated with these arrangements. As of June 30, 2019, cash retention benefits totaling approximately $603,000 will be payable to the remaining employees and certain former employees who continue to provide service as consultants, upon the occurrence of a change in control event, including a sale or merger of the Company. Upon a change in control event and termination without cause, the remaining employees will be eligible for up to approximately $928,000, in the aggregate, of severance benefits.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized a reduction in the accrual for restructuring-related activities of approximately $11,000, which is composed of approximately $3,000 for one-time termination benefit costs and approximately $8,000 for termination benefits under ongoing benefit arrangements for terminated employees as certain benefit payments are no longer expected to occur. Cumulatively, through June 30, 2019, the Company recognized expense for restructuring-related activities of approximately $1,355,000 which is composed of approximately $1,029,000 of termination benefits under ongoing benefit arrangements for terminated employees, approximately $97,000 as one-time termination benefit costs for terminated employees, approximately $214,000 in retention benefits for seven retained employees who had retention bonuses not triggered by a change in control event and approximately $15,000 of other restructuring related costs including consulting and legal fees.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company’s stockholders had not yet approved the merger with Salarius, and accordingly, there were no assurances a change in control event would take place. As a result, the Company does not consider the payment of severance benefits for retained employees or the payment of retention benefits only payable upon a change in control to be probable for accounting purposes as of June 30, 2019. The Company's probability assessment regarding a change in control event changed on July 12, 2019 when the merger was approved by the Company's stockholders.

The Company expects to incur between approximately $1,765,000 and $3,343,000 in total costs for its restructuring-related activities, including approximately $1,355,000 in termination and retention charges and approximately $410,000 related to the annual bonus program, both of which were recorded between the second quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019. The range noted above includes approximately $928,000 of severance benefits for retained employees upon a change in control event and termination under certain circumstances and $603,000 related to retention benefits only payable upon a change in control event. Upon the Company's stockholders approval of the merger with Salarius at the special meeting on July 12, 2019, the payment of these amounts became probable. The merger is expected to close on or about July 19, 2019, at which time, the remaining termination and retention charges will be paid out.

The following table outlines the Company's restructuring activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019:



Accrued restructuring balance as of December 31, 2018	$	68,593
Adjustments:
Employee termination benefits	(11,228		)
Payments	(57,365		)
Accrued restructuring balance as of June 30, 2019	$	—

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, there were no restructuring charges recorded.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the $11,000 of the reduction in the accrual for restructuring-related activities is included in research and development expenses in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations. Cumulatively through June 30, 2019, approximately $957,000 of the restructuring-related and annual bonus charges are included in research and development expenses and approximately $808,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the reduction in the accrual for restructuring-related activities of approximately $11,000 was incurred by the Company's Drug Development segment. Cumulatively through June 30, 2019, approximately $94,000 of the restructuring-related and annual bonus charges were incurred by the Company's Consumer Operations segment, approximately $957,000 were incurred by the Company's Drug Development segment and the remaining charges of approximately $714,000 related to corporate costs. Including approximately $1,765,000 of cumulative costs incurred through June 30, 2019, the Company may incur total restructuring-related charges of up to approximately $114,000 and $1,024,000 within its Consumer Operations and Drug Development segments, respectively. The Company may incur up to $2,205,000 of corporate costs that do not relate to a reportable segment.