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Loans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Summary of net loans receivable
The following table presents the composition of net loans as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.
September 30,
20202019
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$5,274,941 $5,092,410 
Agriculture1,724,350 2,008,644 
Commercial non-real estate2,181,656 1,719,956 
Residential real estate830,102 812,208 
Consumer63,206 51,925 
Other37,347 47,541 
Ending balance10,111,602 9,732,684 
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans(8,215)(13,655)
Unearned net deferred fees and costs and net loans in process(27,245)(12,266)
Total$10,076,142 $9,706,763 
Summary of the Company's nonaccrual loans
The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2020 and 2019, excluding ASC 310-30 loans. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $0.0 million and $11.2 million, respectively.
September 30,
20202019
Nonaccrual loans(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$73,146 $14,973 
Agriculture217,642 77,880 
Commercial non-real estate26,843 9,502 
Residential real estate4,441 2,661 
Consumer74 74 
Total$322,146 $105,090 
Composition of loan portfolio by internal risk rating
The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio by internally assigned grade as of September 30, 2020 and 2019. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $655.2 million for September 30, 2020 and $813.0 million for September 30, 2019.
As of September 30, 2020Commercial Real EstateAgricultureCommercial
Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate ¹Consumer ¹OtherTotal
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade(dollars in thousands)
Grade:
Pass$4,062,814 $968,875 $1,851,323 $806,436 $62,285 $37,347 $7,789,080 
Watchlist577,399 265,714 94,401 6,972 709 — 945,195 
Substandard229,467 348,910 94,316 13,173 93 — 685,959 
Doubtful3,323 11,540 11,623 1,473 4 — 27,963 
Loss— — — — — — — 
Ending balance4,873,003 1,595,039 2,051,663 828,054 63,091 37,347 9,448,197 
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement— — — — — — — 
Total$4,873,003 $1,595,039 $2,051,663 $828,054 $63,091 $37,347 $9,448,197 
1 The Company generally does not risk rate residential real estate or consumer loans unless a default event such as a bankruptcy or extended nonperformance takes place. Alternatively, standard credit scoring systems are used to assess credit risks of residential real estate and consumer loans.

As of September 30, 2019Commercial Real EstateAgricultureCommercial
Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate ¹Consumer ¹OtherTotal
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade(dollars in thousands)
Grade:
Pass$4,433,530 $1,346,436 $1,424,357 $763,797 $50,796 $47,541 $8,066,457 
Watchlist85,256 179,965 103,514 6,297 755 — 375,787 
Substandard54,242 322,327 42,048 6,863 205 — 425,685 
Doubtful56 5,811 296 55 2 — 6,220 
Loss— — — — — — — 
Ending balance4,573,084 1,854,539 1,570,215 777,012 51,758 47,541 8,874,149 
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement— — — 31,891 — — 31,891 
Total$4,573,084 $1,854,539 $1,570,215 $808,903 $51,758 $47,541 $8,906,040 
1 The Company generally does not risk rate residential real estate or consumer loans unless a default event such as a bankruptcy or extended nonperformance takes place. Alternatively, standard credit scoring systems are used to assess credit risks of residential real estate and consumer loans.
Summary of past due financing receivables
The following table presents the Company’s past due loans at September 30, 2020 and 2019. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $655.2 million for September 30, 2020 and $813.0 million for September 30, 2019.
30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90 Days or Greater Past DueTotal
Past Due		CurrentTotal Financing Receivables
As of September 30, 2020(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$7,639 $1,255 $51,691 $60,585 $4,812,418 $4,873,003 
Agriculture4,371 55,649 96,290 156,310 1,438,729 1,595,039 
Commercial non-real estate2,865 647 8,362 11,874 2,039,789 2,051,663 
Residential real estate1,358 1,101 3,073 5,532 822,522 828,054 
Consumer37 8 22 67 63,024 63,091 
Other— — — — 37,347 37,347 
Ending balance16,270 58,660 159,438 234,368 9,213,829 9,448,197 
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement— — — — — — 
Total$16,270 $58,660 $159,438 $234,368 $9,213,829 $9,448,197 

30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90 Days or Greater Past DueTotal
Past Due		CurrentTotal Financing Receivables
As of September 30, 2019(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$3,587 $570 $2,475 $6,632 $4,566,452 $4,573,084 
Agriculture13,411 1,267 33,089 47,767 1,806,772 1,854,539 
Commercial non-real estate3,932 120 4,424 8,476 1,561,739 1,570,215 
Residential real estate311 676 939 1,926 775,086 777,012 
Consumer61 110 7 178 51,580 51,758 
Other— — — — 47,541 47,541 
Ending balance21,302 2,743 40,934 64,979 8,809,170 8,874,149 
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement536 410 331 1,277 30,614 31,891 
Total$21,838 $3,153 $41,265 $66,256 $8,839,784 $8,906,040 
Summary of impaired loans
The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans. This table excludes purchased credit impaired loans and loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings.
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceRelated Allowance
Impaired loans:(dollars in thousands)
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate$111,121 $114,034 $25,087 $26,003 $26,297 $4,159 
Agriculture53,052 55,145 8,151 98,392 104,350 8,234 
Commercial non-real estate39,821 47,571 7,822 21,331 21,777 6,062 
Residential real estate5,670 6,314 1,903 3,829 4,311 1,795 
Consumer98 109 30 207 214 97 
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded209,762 223,173 42,993 149,762 156,949 20,347 
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate121,380 161,211 — 28,272 66,631 — 
Agriculture308,734 332,272 — 231,087 255,308 — 
Commercial non-real estate66,542 75,365 — 21,579 31,414 — 
Residential real estate6,543 8,818 — 3,290 5,454 — 
Consumer— 108 — 1 108 — 
Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded503,199 577,774 — 284,229 358,915 — 
Total impaired loans$712,961 $800,947 $42,993 $433,991 $515,864 $20,347 
The following table presents the average recorded investment on impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
202020192018
Average Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized While on Impaired StatusAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized While on Impaired StatusAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$137,017 $8,528 $42,374 $2,339 $54,434 $2,815 
Agriculture355,719 22,927 223,146 13,093 127,483 4,767 
Commercial non-real estate89,152 7,745 28,196 1,791 28,938 1,405 
Residential real estate10,408 691 6,889 410 7,156 452 
Consumer138 9 231 20 219 14 
Total$592,434 $39,900 $300,836 $17,653 $218,230 $9,453 
Summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in Troubled Debt Restructurings on financing receivables
The following table presents the recorded value of the Company’s TDR balances as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.

September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
AccruingNonaccrualAccruingNonaccrual
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate$23,215 $11,913 $17,145 $904 
Agriculture2,976 45,971 22,929 24,762 
Commercial non-real estate8,734 4,803 4,398 4,257 
Residential real estate277 74 263 102 
Consumer3 31 107 48 
Total$35,205 $62,792 $44,842 $30,073 
TDRs are generally restructured through either a rate modification, term extension, payment modification or due to a bankruptcy. The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2018
Recorded InvestmentRecorded InvestmentRecorded Investment
NumberPre-ModificationPost-ModificationNumberPre-ModificationPost-ModificationNumberPre-ModificationPost-Modification
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate4 $17,586 $17,586 2 $15,466 $15,466 1 $2,041 $2,041 
Agriculture2 993 993 16 11,537 11,537 5 10,753 10,753 
Commercial non-real estate5 6,353 6,353 2 1,445 1,445 — — — 
Residential real estate1 50 50 — — — — — — 
Consumer— — — 2 188 188 1 73 73 
Total accruing12 $24,982 $24,982 22 $28,636 $28,636 7 $12,867 $12,867 
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification— $— $— — $— $— — $— $— 
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification— — — — — — — — — 
The following table presents a summary of all nonaccruing loans restructured in TDRs during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2018
Recorded InvestmentRecorded InvestmentRecorded Investment
NumberPre-ModificationPost-ModificationNumberPre-ModificationPost-ModificationNumberPre-ModificationPost-Modification
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate1 $2,216 $2,216 1 $882 $882 — $— $— 
Agriculture12 27,807 27,807 9 5,802 5,802 9 9,990 9,990 
Commercial non-real estate5 1,752 1,752 2 3,699 3,699 — — — 
Residential real estate— — — — — — — — — 
Consumer— — — — — — — — — 
Total nonaccruing18 $31,775 $31,775 12 $10,383 $10,383 9 $9,990 $9,990 
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification— $— $— — $— $— — $— $— 
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification— — — — — — — — — 
The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
202020192018
Number of LoansRecorded InvestmentNumber of LoansRecorded InvestmentNumber of LoansRecorded Investment
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate1 $— — $— — $— 
Agriculture10 1,144 — — 1 366 
Commercial non-real estate4 921 — — — — 
Residential real estate— — — — — — 
Consumer— — 1 — — — 
Total15 $2,065 1 $— 1 $366