Revenue - Disaggregation of Net Sales by Market Geography for Each Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 28, 2022	Jan. 29, 2021	Jan. 28, 2022	Jan. 29, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 7,763	$ 7,775	$ 23,597	$ 21,929
U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	3,939	3,939	12,038	11,344
Non-U.S. Developed Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2,438	2,522	7,517	7,143
Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,385	1,314	4,043	3,443
Cardiovascular
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2,745	2,707	8,462	7,865
Cardiovascular | U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,297	1,272	4,090	3,854
Cardiovascular | Non-U.S. Developed Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	935	941	2,886	2,739
Cardiovascular | Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	513	493	1,486	1,271
Medical Surgical
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2,290	2,313	6,910	6,399
Medical Surgical | U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	990	959	2,950	2,677
Medical Surgical | Non-U.S. Developed Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	812	868	2,521	2,425
Medical Surgical | Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	488	486	1,439	1,297
Neuroscience
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2,144	2,126	6,484	5,900
Neuroscience | U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,397	1,401	4,237	3,934
Neuroscience | Non-U.S. Developed Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	431	444	1,330	1,246
Neuroscience | Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	316	280	918	720
Diabetes
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	584	630	1,741	1,766
Diabetes | U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	255	307	760	879
Diabetes | Non-U.S. Developed Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	261	268	780	733
Diabetes | Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 68	$ 55	$ 201	$ 154