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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Apr. 26, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment:
(in millions)
Cardiac and
Vascular Group
 
Minimally Invasive Therapies Group
 
Restorative
Therapies Group
 
Diabetes Group
 
Total
April 28, 2017
$
6,651

 
$
20,411

 
$
9,600

 
$
1,853

 
$
38,515

Goodwill as a result of acquisitions
6

 
10

 
9

 
27

 
52

Purchase accounting adjustments
54

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
54

Currency translation and other
80

 
734

 
108

 
—

 
922

April 27, 2018
6,791

 
21,155

 
9,717

 
1,880

 
39,543

Goodwill as a result of acquisitions
165

 
83

 
1,238

 
24

 
1,510

Currency translation and other
(102
)
 
(857
)
 
(134
)
 
(1
)
 
(1,094
)
April 26, 2019
$
6,854

 
$
20,381

 
$
10,821

 
$
1,903

 
$
39,959


The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairments during fiscal years 2019, 2018, or 2017.
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets:
 
April 26, 2019
 
April 27, 2018
(in millions)
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
Definite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer-related
$
16,944

 
$
(4,095
)
 
$
16,949

 
$
(3,139
)
Purchased technology and patents
11,405

 
(4,570
)
 
11,569

 
(4,441
)
Trademarks and tradenames
570

 
(324
)
 
822

 
(569
)
Other
85

 
(59
)
 
94

 
(52
)
Total
$
29,004

 
$
(9,048
)
 
$
29,434

 
$
(8,201
)
Indefinite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IPR&D
$
604

 
$
—

 
$
490

 
$
—


During fiscal year 2019, the Company recognized $87 million of definite-lived intangible asset charges, including $61 million and $26 million recognized in connection with business exits in the Cardiac and Vascular Group and Restorative Therapies Group segments, respectively. Definite-lived intangible asset charges are recognized in other operating expense, net in the consolidated statements of income. The Company did not recognize any definite-lived intangible asset impairments during fiscal years 2018 or 2017.
During fiscal year 2019, the Company recognized $30 million of indefinite-lived intangible asset charges, including $11 million in connection with a business exit in the Restorative Therapies Group segment, and $10 million and $9 million in connection with the discontinuation of certain IPR&D projects within the Minimally Invasive Therapies Group and Cardiac and Vascular Group segments, respectively. During fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized impairment losses on indefinite-lived intangibles of $68 million as a result of the discontinuation of certain IPR&D projects within the Restorative Therapies Group segment. Indefinite-lived intangible asset charges are recognized in other operating expense, net in the consolidated statements of income. The Company did not recognize any significant indefinite-lived intangible asset charges during fiscal year 2017. Due to the nature of IPR&D projects, the Company may experience future delays or failures to obtain regulatory approvals to conduct clinical trials, failures of such clinical trials, delays or failures to obtain required market clearances or other failures to achieve a commercially viable product, or the discontinuation of certain projects, and as a result, may recognize impairment losses in the future.
Amortization
Intangible asset amortization expense was $1.8 billion for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 and $2.0 billion for fiscal year 2017. Estimated aggregate amortization expense by fiscal year based on the current carrying value and remaining estimated useful lives of definite-lived intangible assets at April 26, 2019, excluding any possible future amortization associated with acquired IPR&D which has not met technological feasibility, is as follows:
(in millions)
Amortization
Expense
2020
$
1,741

2021
1,724

2022
1,684

2023
1,615

2024
1,574