10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to _________________

Commission file number: 001-36724

The Joint Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 90-0544160 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

16767 N. Perimeter Drive, Suite 110, Scottsdale Arizona (Address of principal executive offices) 85260 (Zip Code)

(480) 245-5960

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share	JYNT	The NASDAQ Capital Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell Company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes ☐    No ☒

As of November 3, 2020, the registrant had 14,041,146 shares of Common Stock ($0.001 par value) outstanding.

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THE JOINT CORP.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE NO.
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Income Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	6
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
Part I, Item 3 – Not applicable
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	41
EXHIBIT INDEX		42
SIGNATURES		43
Part II, Items 3, 4, and 5 - Not applicable

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,305,526	$	8,455,989
Restricted cash	140,400		185,888
Accounts receivable, net	1,813,684		2,645,085
Notes receivable, net	10,326		128,724
Deferred franchise and regional development costs, current portion	828,842		765,508
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	921,559		1,122,478
Total current assets	22,020,337		13,303,672
Property and equipment, net	8,014,676		6,581,588
Operating lease right-of-use asset	11,555,086		12,486,672
Deferred franchise and regional development costs, net of current portion	3,757,799		3,627,225
Intangible assets, net	2,160,944		3,219,791
Goodwill	4,150,461		4,150,461
Deposits and other assets	393,508		336,258
Total assets	$	52,052,811	$	43,705,667
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,239,522	$	1,525,838
Accrued expenses	894,122		216,814
Co-op funds liability	140,400		185,889
Payroll liabilities	2,584,487		2,844,107
Operating lease liability, current portion	2,756,838		2,313,109
Finance lease liability, current portion	69,380		24,253
Deferred franchise and regional developer fee revenue, current portion	2,813,515		2,740,954
Deferred revenue from company clinics	3,228,368		3,196,664
Debt under the Paycheck Protection Program, current portion	1,656,292		—
Other current liabilities	545,834		518,686
Total current liabilities	15,928,758		13,566,314
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	10,798,802		11,901,040
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	150,524		34,398
Debt under the Credit Agreement and Paycheck Protection Program, net of current portion	3,071,678		—
Deferred franchise and regional developer fee revenue, net of current portion	12,581,885		12,366,322
Deferred tax liability	72,841		89,863
Other liabilities	27,230		27,230
Total liabilities	42,631,718		37,985,167
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized, 0 issued and outstanding, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 14,073,244 shares issued and 14,057,201 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 13,898,694 shares issued and 13,882,932 outstanding as of December 31, 2019	14,073		13,899
Additional paid-in capital	40,625,128		39,454,937
Treasury stock 16,043 shares as of September 30, 2020 and 15,762 shares as of December 31, 2019, at cost	(115,303)		(111,041)
Accumulated deficit	(31,102,905)		(33,637,395)
Total The Joint Corp. stockholders' equity	9,420,993		5,720,400
Non-controlling Interest	100		100
Total equity	9,421,093		5,720,500
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	52,052,811	$	43,705,667

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics	$	8,403,844	$	6,829,576	$	22,554,946	$	18,245,940
Royalty fees	4,170,692		3,447,270		11,157,575		9,737,616
Franchise fees	519,131		541,339		1,555,846		1,405,678
Advertising fund revenue	1,187,666		978,209		3,176,080		2,797,576
Software fees	688,046		514,350		1,964,968		1,256,711
Regional developer fees	222,908		210,233		643,974		594,615
Other revenues	218,266		205,400		591,443		537,596
Total revenues	15,410,553		12,726,377		41,644,832		34,575,732
Cost of revenues:
Franchise and regional developer cost of revenues	1,588,707		1,318,966		4,281,389		3,634,397
IT cost of revenues	123,539		107,903		284,653		297,561
Total cost of revenues	1,712,246		1,426,869		4,566,042		3,931,958
Selling and marketing expenses	1,845,601		1,793,229		5,684,556		5,068,585
Depreciation and amortization	714,288		538,372		2,061,937		1,308,515
General and administrative expenses	9,433,062		8,297,680		26,668,420		22,078,244
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	11,992,951		10,629,281		34,414,913		28,455,344
Net (gain) loss on disposition or impairment	—		29,848		(53,413)		116,775
Income from operations	1,705,356		640,379		2,717,290		2,071,655
Other (expense) income:
Bargain purchase gain	—		—		—		19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)		(16,697)		(55,248)		(43,469)
Total other expense	(25,667)		(16,697)		(55,248)		(24,171)
Income before income tax expense	1,679,689		623,682		2,662,042		2,047,484
Income tax expense	75,730		6,702		127,551		15,597
Net income and comprehensive income	$	1,603,959	$	616,980	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Less: income attributable to the non-controlling interest	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Net income attributable to The Joint Corp. stockholders	$	1,603,959	$	616,980	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.18	$	0.15
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.17	$	0.14
Basic weighted average shares	14,033,535		13,846,045		13,968,635		13,798,593
Diluted weighted average shares	14,593,107		14,526,538		14,523,329		14,442,203

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

	Common Stock			Additional Paid In Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total The Joint Corp. stockholders' equity		Non-controlling interest		Total
	Shares	Amount				Shares	Amount
Balances, December 31, 2019	13,898,694	$	13,899	$	39,454,937	15,762	$	(111,041)	$	(33,637,395)	$	5,720,400	$	100	$	5,720,500
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		250,392		—	—		—		250,392		—		250,392
Issuance of restricted stock	15,578	16		(16)		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	35,500	35		140,864		—	—		—		140,899		—		140,899
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	—	—		—		251	(3,774)		—		(3,774)		—		(3,774)
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		814,947		814,947		—		814,947
Balances, March 31, 2020 (unaudited)	13,949,772	$	13,950	$	39,846,177	16,013	$	(114,815)	$	(32,822,448)	$	6,922,864	$	100	$	6,922,964
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		216,081		—	—		—		216,081		—		216,081
Issuance of restricted stock	30,882	31		(31)		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	62,200	62		246,959		—	—		—		247,021		—		247,021
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		115,584		115,584		—		115,584
Balances, June 30, 2020 (unaudited)	14,042,854	14,043		40,309,186		16,013	(114,815)		(32,706,864)		7,501,550		100		7,501,650
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		212,234		—	—		—		212,234		—		212,234
Issuance of restricted stock	4,281	4		(4)		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	26,109	26		103,712		—	—		—		103,738		—		103,738
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	—	—		—		30	(488)		—		(488)		—		(488)
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		1,603,959		1,603,959		—		1,603,959
Balances, September 30, 2020 (unaudited)	14,073,244	$	14,073	$	40,625,128	16,043	$	(115,303)	$	(31,102,905)	$	9,420,993	$	100	$	9,421,093

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

	Common Stock			Additional Paid In Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total The Joint Corp. stockholders' equity		Non-controlling interest
	Shares	Amount				Shares	Amount								Total
Balances, December 31, 2018 (as adjusted)	13,757,200	$	13,757	$	38,189,251	14,670	$	(90,856)	$	(37,384,651)	$	727,501	$	100	$	727,601
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		171,771		—	—		—		171,771		—		171,771
Exercise of stock options	42,804	43		220,201		—	—		—		220,244		—		220,244
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		952,646		952,646		—		952,646
Balances, March 31, 2019 (unaudited)	13,800,004	$	13,800	$	38,581,223	14,670	$	(90,856)	$	(36,432,005)	$	2,072,162	$	100	$	2,072,262
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		178,953		—	—		—		178,953		—		178,953
Issuance of restricted stock	33,012	33		(33)		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	5,000	5		19,395		—	—		—		19,400		—		19,400
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		462,261		462,261		—		462,261
Balances, June 30, 2019 (unaudited)	13,838,016	13,838		38,779,538		14,670	(90,856)		(35,969,744)		2,732,776		100		2,732,876
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		186,020		—	—		—		186,020		—		186,020
Issuance of restricted stock	5,277	5		(5)		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	51,328	52		288,064		—	—		—		288,116		—		288,116
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans						1,092	(20,184)				(20,184)				(20,184)
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		616,980		616,980		—		616,980
Balances, September 30, 2019 (unaudited)	13,894,621	$	13,895	$	39,253,617	15,762	$	(111,040)	$	(35,352,764)	$	3,803,708	$	100	$	3,803,808

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,061,937		1,308,515
Loss on disposition or impairment	1,193		116,775
Net franchise fees recognized upon termination of franchise agreements	(54,174)		(89,007)
Bargain purchase gain	—		(19,298)
Deferred income taxes	(17,022)		(1,449)
Stock based compensation expense	678,706		536,744
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	831,401		(533,149)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	200,919		(172,845)
Deferred franchise costs	(247,127)		(884,895)
Deposits and other assets	(4,602)		425,851
Accounts payable	(379,342)		223,210
Accrued expenses	677,308		(48,637)
Payroll liabilities	(259,620)		(75,122)
Deferred revenue	417,221		2,148,195
Other, net	466,156		(261,567)
Net cash provided by operating activities	6,907,445		4,705,208
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	—		(3,072,332)
Purchase of property and equipment	(2,344,344)		(2,312,257)
Reacquisition and termination of regional developer rights	—		(681,500)
Payments received on notes receivable	118,398		110,605
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,225,946)		(5,955,484)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligation	(40,168)		(16,259)
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	(4,262)		(20,184)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	491,658		527,760
Proceeds from the Credit Agreement, net of related fees	1,947,352		—
Proceeds from the Paycheck Protection Program	2,727,970		—
Repayments on notes payable	—		(100,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,122,550		391,317
Increase (decrease) in cash	9,804,049		(858,959)
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period	8,641,877		8,854,952
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$	18,445,926	$	7,995,993

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for income taxes was $167,620 and $34,396, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for interest was $31,458 and $75,000, respectively.

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity:

As of September 30, 2020, accounts payable include property and equipment purchases of $93,026. As of September 30, 2019, accounts payable and accrued expenses include property and equipment purchases of $206,201 and $103,136, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, accounts payable and accrued expenses include property and equipment purchases of $196,671, and $15,250, respectively.

In connection with the acquisition of franchised clinics during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company acquired $149,542 of property and equipment and intangible assets of $1,989,169, in exchange for $3,072,332 in cash to the sellers. Additionally, at the time of these transactions, the Company carried net deferred revenue of $36,695, representing net franchise fees collected upon the execution of the franchise agreement. The Company netted this amount against the purchase price of the acquisitions.

In connection with the Company’s reacquisition and termination of regional developer rights during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had deferred revenue of $44,334 representing license fees collected upon the execution of the regional developer agreements.  The Company netted these amounts against the aggregate purchase price of the acquisitions.

THE JOINT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY AND AFFILIATES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited financial statements represent the condensed consolidated financial statements of The Joint Corp. (“The Joint”), its variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with The Joint Corp. and Subsidiary and Affiliates consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as set forth in The Joint’s Form 10-K, which included all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of expected operating results for the full year. The information presented throughout the document as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is unaudited.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and other (expenses) income that are reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As a result, actual results may be different from these estimates. For a discussion of significant estimates and judgments made in recognizing revenue and accounting for leases, see Note 2, Revenue Disclosures and Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Joint and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC, which was dormant for all periods presented. The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidations

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(“ASC 810”). Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in VIEs. All significant inter-affiliate accounts and transactions between The Joint and its VIEs have been eliminated in consolidation.

Comprehensive Income

Net income and comprehensive income are the same for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Nature of Operations

The Joint, a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 10, 2010 for the principal purpose of franchising, developing and managing chiropractic clinics, selling regional developer rights and supporting the operations of franchised chiropractic clinics at locations throughout the United States of America. The franchising of chiropractic clinics is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and various state authorities.

The following table summarizes the number of clinics in operation under franchise agreements and as company-owned or managed clinics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Franchised clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	477	417	453	394
Opened during the period	21	21	49	47
Sold during the period	—	(6)	—	(7)
Closed during the period	(1)	(2)	(5)	(4)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	497	430	497	430
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Company-owned or managed clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	62	51	60	48
Opened during the period	1	1	3	4
Acquired during the period	—	6	—	7
Closed during the period	—	—	—	(1)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	63	58	63	58
Total clinics in operation at the end of the period	560	488	560	488
Clinic licenses sold but not yet developed	178	179	178	179
Future clinic licenses under executed letters of intent	40	29	40	29

Variable Interest Entities

An entity deemed to hold the controlling interest in a voting interest entity or deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE in its financial statements. An entity is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb the majority of losses of the VIE or the right to receive the majority of benefits from the VIE.

Certain states in which the Company manages clinics regulate the practice of chiropractic care and require that chiropractic services be provided by legal entities organized under state laws as professional corporations or PCs. In these states, the Company has entered into management services agreements with PCs under which the Company provides, on an exclusive basis, all non-clinical services of the chiropractic practice. Such PCs are VIEs, as fees paid by the PCs to the Company as its management service provider are considered variable interests because they are liabilities on the PC’s books and the fees do not meet all the following criteria: 1) The fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to

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provide those services; 2) The decision maker or service provider does not hold other interests in the VIE that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected residual returns; 3) The service arrangement includes only terms, conditions, or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The Company assessed the governance structure and operating procedures of the PCs and determined that the Company has the power to control certain significant non-clinical activities of the PCs, as defined by ASC 810, therefore, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and per ASC 810, must consolidate the VIEs. The carrying amount of VIE assets and liabilities are immaterial as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. As of the balance sheet date and periodically throughout the period, the Company has maintained balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has invested substantially all its cash in short-term bank deposits. The Company had no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash relates to cash that franchisees and company-owned or managed clinics contribute to the Company’s National Marketing Fund and cash that franchisees provide to various voluntary regional Co-Op Marketing Funds. Cash contributed by franchisees to the National Marketing Fund is to be used in accordance with the Company’s Franchise Disclosure Document with a focus on regional and national marketing and advertising. 

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily represent amounts due from franchisees for royalty fees. The Company considers a reserve for doubtful accounts based on the creditworthiness of the entity. The provision for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management’s best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on specific identification and historical performance that the Company tracks on an ongoing basis. Actual losses ultimately could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.

Deferred Franchise and Regional Development Costs

Deferred franchise and regional development costs represent commissions that are direct and incremental to the Company and are paid in conjunction with the sale of a franchise license or regional development rights. These costs are recognized as an expense, in franchise and regional development cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise or regional development agreement.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, or for property acquired as part of franchise acquisitions, at fair value at the date of closing. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When items of property or equipment are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income.

Capitalized Software

The Company capitalizes certain software development costs. These capitalized costs are primarily related to software used by clinics for operations and by the Company for the management of operations. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct, are capitalized as assets in progress until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

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Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Software developed is recorded as part of property and equipment. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally five years.

Leases

The Company leases property and equipment under operating and finance leases. The Company leases its corporate office space and the space for each of the company-owned or managed clinic in the portfolio. The Company recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability for all leases. Determining the lease term and amount of lease payments to include in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability for leases containing options requires the use of judgment to determine whether the exercise of an option is reasonably certain and if the optional period and payments should be included in the calculation of the associated ROU asset and liability. In making this determination, all relevant economic factors are considered that would compel the Company to exercise or not exercise an option. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments; however, the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for substantially all of its leases. In such cases, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate as the interest rate it would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments over a similar term, with similar collateral as in the lease, and in a similar economic environment. The Company estimates these rates using available evidence such as rates imposed by third-party lenders to the Company in recent financings or observable risk-free interest rate and credit spreads for commercial debt of a similar duration, with credit spreads correlating to the Company’s estimated creditworthiness.

For operating leases that include rent holidays and rent escalation clauses, the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the date it takes possession of the leased property. Pre-opening costs are recorded as incurred in general and administrative expenses. The Company records the straight-line lease expense and any contingent rent, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements. Many of the Company’s leases also require it to pay real estate taxes, common area maintenance costs and other occupancy costs which are also included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of re-acquired franchise and regional developer rights and customer relationships.  The Company amortizes the fair value of re-acquired franchise rights over the remaining contractual terms of the re-acquired franchise rights at the time of the acquisition, which generally range from three to eight years. In the case of regional developer rights, the Company generally amortizes the re-acquired regional developer rights over seven years. The fair value of customer relationships is amortized over their estimated useful life of two years.

Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in the acquisitions of franchises. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually and more frequently if a triggering event occurs that makes it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below carrying value. As required, the Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if a triggering event occurs.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment loss will instead be measured at the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the recorded amount of goodwill. The provision of this ASU is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, with early adoption permitted for any impairment test performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU provision on January 1, 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company's projected cash flows, the Company tested goodwill for impairment at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020. No impairments of goodwill were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Long-Lived Assets

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The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company looks primarily to estimated undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets are recoverable. As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Company evaluated whether the carrying values of the long-lived assets in certain corporate clinics were recoverable at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020. No impairments of long-lived assets were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Advertising Fund

The Company has established an advertising fund for national/regional marketing and advertising of services offered by its clinics. The monthly marketing fee is 2% of clinic gross sales. The Company segregates the marketing funds collected which are included in restricted cash on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. As amounts are expended from the fund, the Company recognizes a related expense.

Co-Op Marketing Funds

Some franchises have established regional Co-Ops for advertising within their local and regional markets. The Company maintains a custodial relationship under which the Co-Op Marketing Funds collected are segregated and used for the purposes specified by the Co-Ops’ officers. The Co-Op Marketing Funds are included in restricted cash on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily through its company-owned and managed clinics, royalties, franchise fees, advertising fund, and through IT related income and computer software fees.

Revenues from Company-Owned or Managed Clinics.  The Company earns revenues from clinics that it owns and operates or manages throughout the United States.  In those states where the Company owns and operates or manages the clinic, revenues are recognized when services are performed. The Company offers a variety of membership and wellness packages which feature discounted pricing as compared with its single-visit pricing.  Amounts collected in advance for membership and wellness packages are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the service is performed. Any unused visits associated with monthly memberships are recognized on a month-to-month basis. The Company recognizes a contract liability related to the prepaid treatment plans for which the Company has an ongoing performance obligation. The Company recognizes this contract liability, and recognizes revenue, as the patient consumes his or her visits related to the package and the Company transfers its services. Based on a historical lag analysis and an evaluation of legal obligation by jurisdiction, the Company concluded that any remaining contract liability that exists after 12 to 24 months from transaction date will be deemed breakage. Breakage revenue is recognized only at that point, when the likelihood of the patient exercising his or her remaining rights becomes remote.

Royalties and Advertising Fund Revenue. The Company collects royalties, as stipulated in the franchise agreement, equal to 7% of gross sales and a marketing and advertising fee equal to 2% of gross sales. Royalties, including franchisee contributions to advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of clinic sales over the term of the franchise agreement. The franchise agreement royalties, inclusive of advertising fund contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to the Company’s performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchisee clinic level sales occur. Royalties and marketing and advertising fees are collected semi-monthly, two working days after each sales period has ended.

Franchise Fees. The Company requires the entire non-refundable initial franchise fee to be paid upon execution of a franchise agreement, which typically has an initial term of ten years. Initial franchise fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement. The Company’s services under the franchise agreement include: training of franchisees and staff, site selection, construction/vendor management and ongoing operations support. The Company provides no financing to franchisees and offers no guarantees on their behalf. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

Software Fees.  The Company collects a monthly fee for use of its proprietary chiropractic software, computer support, and internet services support. These fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement.

Regional Developer Fees. During 2011, the Company established a regional developer program to engage independent contractors to assist in developing specified geographical regions. Under the historical program, regional developers paid a license

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fee for each franchise they received the right to develop within the region. In 2017, the program was revised to grant exclusive geographical territory and establish a minimum development obligation within that defined territory. Regional developer fees paid to the Company are non-refundable and are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreement, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreement. The Company’s services under regional developer agreements include site selection, grand opening support for the clinics, sales support for identification of qualified franchisees, general operational support and marketing support to advertise for ownership opportunities. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the development of the territory and the resulting franchise licenses sold by the regional developer and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation. In addition, regional developers receive fees which are funded by the initial franchise fees collected from franchisees upon the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory and a royalty of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their exclusive geographical territory. Fees related to the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory are initially deferred as deferred franchise costs and are recognized as an expense in franchise cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise agreement. Royalties of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their regions are also recognized as franchise cost of revenues as franchisee clinic level sales occur, which is funded by the 7% royalties collected from the franchisees in their regions. Certain regional developer agreements result in the regional developer acquiring the rights to existing royalty streams from clinics already open in the respective territory. In those instances, the revenue associated from the sale of the royalty stream is recognized over the remaining life of the respective franchise agreements.

The Company entered into two regional developer agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for which it received approximately $541,000. These fees were deferred as of the transaction date and will be recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreements, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreements.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are advertising and marketing expenses incurred by the Company, primarily through advertising funds. The Company expenses production costs of commercial advertising upon first airing and expenses the costs of communicating the advertising in the period in which the advertising occurs. Advertising expenses were $674,402 and $1,931,008 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Advertising expenses were $562,516 and $1,658,428 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. This effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual pre-tax income, permanent tax differences and statutory tax rates. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The differences relate principally to depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of goodwill, accounting for leases, stock-based compensation and treatment of revenue for franchise fees and regional developer fees collected. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequence for those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit or expense from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits and expenses recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company has not identified any material uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses.

With exceptions due to the generation and utilization of net operating losses or credits, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company is no longer subject to federal and state examinations by taxing authorities for tax years before 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Earnings per Common Share

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Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares including restricted stock and stock options.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Income	$	1,603,959	$	616,980	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	14,033,535		13,846,045		13,968,635		13,798,593
Effect of dilutive securities:
Unvested restricted stock and stock options	559,572		680,493		554,694		643,610
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	14,593,107		14,526,538		14,523,329		14,442,203
Basic earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.18	$	0.15
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.17	$	0.14

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Weighted average potentially dilutive securities:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Unvested restricted stock	—	—	—	—
Stock options	112,768	2,815	133,194	49,367

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payments by recognizing compensation expense based upon the estimated fair

value of the awards on the date of grant. The Company determines the estimated grant-date fair value of restricted shares using

the closing price on the date of the grant and the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton model.

In order to calculate the fair value of the options, certain assumptions are made regarding the components of the model,

including risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected dividend yield and expected option life. Changes to the assumptions could

cause significant adjustments to the valuation. The Company recognizes compensation costs ratably over the period of service

using the straight-line method. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical and forecasted turnover, which is approximately 5%. 

Retirement Benefit Plan

Employees of the Company are eligible to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan, the Joint Corp. 401(k) Retirement Plan (“401(k) Plan”), under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees may contribute their eligible compensation, not to exceed the annual limits set by the IRS. The 401(k) Plan allows the Company to match participants’ contributions in an amount determined at the sole discretion of the Company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Items subject to significant estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation arrangements, fair value of stock options, useful lives and realizability of long-lived assets, classification of deferred revenue and revenue recognition related to breakage, classification of deferred franchise costs, calculation of ROU assets and liabilities related to leases, realizability of deferred tax assets, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, and purchase price allocations and related valuations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2020, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical

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purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. The Company reviewed other newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not applicable to the Company's operations or that no material effect is expected on the Company's financial statements upon future adoption.

Note 2: Revenue Disclosures

Company-owned or Managed Clinics

The Company earns revenues from clinics that it owns and operates or manages throughout the United States.  Revenues are recognized when services are performed. The Company offers a variety of membership and wellness packages which feature discounted pricing as compared with its single-visit pricing.  Amounts collected in advance for membership and wellness packages are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the service is performed or in accordance with the Company’s breakage policy as discussed in Note 1, Revenue Recognition.  

Franchising Fees, Royalty Fees, Advertising Fund Revenue, and Software Fees

The Company currently franchises its concept across 32 states. The franchise arrangement is documented in the form of a franchise agreement. The franchise arrangement requires the Company to perform various activities to support the brand that do not directly transfer goods and services to the franchisee, but instead represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of the franchise license. The intellectual property subject to the franchise license is symbolic intellectual property as it does not have significant standalone functionality, and substantially all of the utility is derived from its association with the Company’s past or ongoing activities. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the franchise license is to provide the franchisee with access to the brand’s symbolic intellectual property over the term of the license. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

The transaction price in a standard franchise arrangement primarily consists of (a) initial franchise fees; (b) continuing franchise fees (royalties); (c) advertising fees; and (d) software fees. Since the Company considers the licensing of the franchising right to be a single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price is required.

The Company recognizes the primary components of the transaction price as follows:

•Franchise fees are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement commencing with the execution of the franchise agreement. As these fees are typically received in cash at or near the beginning of the franchise term, the cash received is initially recorded as a contract liability until recognized as revenue over time.

•The Company is entitled to royalties and advertising fees based on a percentage of the franchisee's gross sales as defined in the franchise agreement. Royalty and advertising revenue are recognized when the franchisee's sales occur. Depending on timing within a fiscal period, the recognition of revenue results in either what is considered a contract asset (unbilled receivable) or, once billed, accounts receivable, on the balance sheet.

•The Company is entitled to a software fee, which is charged monthly. The Company recognizes revenue related to software fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement.

In determining the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers, the Company exercises significant judgment with respect to collectability of the amount; however, the timing of recognition does not require significant judgment as it is based on either the franchise term or the reported sales of the franchisee, none of which require estimation. The Company believes its franchising arrangements do not contain a significant financing component.

The Company recognizes advertising fees received under franchise agreements as advertising fund revenue.

Regional Developer Fees

The Company currently utilizes regional developers to assist in the development of the brand across certain geographic territories. The arrangement is documented in the form of a regional developer agreement. The arrangement between the Company and the regional developer requires the Company to perform various activities to support the brand that do not directly transfer goods and services to the regional developer, but instead represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer

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of the development rights to the defined geographic region. The intellectual property subject to the development rights is symbolic intellectual property as it does not have significant standalone functionality, and substantially all of the utility is derived from its association with the Company’s past or ongoing activities. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the development rights is to provide the regional developer with access to the brand’s symbolic intellectual property over the term of the agreement. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the development of the territory and the resulting franchise licenses sold by the regional developer and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

The transaction price in a standard regional developer arrangement primarily consists of the initial territory fees. The Company recognizes the regional developer fee as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreement commencing with the execution of the regional developer agreement. As these fees are typically received in cash at or near the beginning of the term of the regional developer agreement, the cash received is initially recorded as a contract liability until recognized as revenue over time.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company believes that the captions contained on the condensed consolidated income statements appropriately reflect the disaggregation of its revenue by major type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Other revenues primarily consist of merchant income associated with credit card transactions.

Rollforward of Contract Liabilities and Contract Assets

Changes in the Company's contract liability for deferred franchise and regional development fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Revenue short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	15,107,276
Recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(2,199,820)
Fees received and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	2,487,944
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	15,395,400

Changes in the Company's contract assets for deferred franchise and regional development costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Franchise and Development Costs short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	4,392,733
Recognized as cost of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(625,066)
Costs incurred and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	818,974
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	4,586,641

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2020:

Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	752,271
2021	2,882,481
2022	2,502,259
2023	2,177,666
2024	1,700,429
Thereafter	5,380,294
Total	$	15,395,400

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Note 3: Notes Receivable

Effective April 29, 2017, the Company entered into a regional developer agreement for certain territories in the state of Florida in exchange for $320,000, of which $187,000 was funded through a promissory note. The note bore interest at 10% per annum for 42 months and required monthly principal and interest payments over 3 years, which began on November 1, 2017 and matured on October 1, 2020. The note was secured by the regional developer rights in the respective territory.

Effective October 10, 2017, the Company entered into a regional developer agreement for certain territories in Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas in exchange for $170,000, of which $135,688 was funded through a promissory note. The note bore interest at 10% per annum for 3 years, required monthly principal and interest payments over 3 years, and matured on October 24, 2020. The note was secured by the regional developer rights in the territory.

Effective April 26, 2019, the Company entered into a promissory note valued at $31,086. The note bears interest at 0% per annum for 3 years and requires monthly principal payments over 3 years, beginning May 15, 2019 and maturing on May 15, 2022.

The outstanding balances of the notes as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $31,413 and $155,810, respectively. The allowance for uncollectible amounts on the outstanding notes as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 were $21,087, and $27,086, respectively. Maturities of notes receivable as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Amount (gross)
2020 (remaining)	$	12,727
2021	9,600
2022	9,086
Total	$	31,413

Note 4: Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Office and computer equipment	$	2,128,697	$	1,594,364
Leasehold improvements	8,219,767		7,154,156
Software developed	1,193,007		1,193,007
Finance lease assets	282,027		80,604
	11,823,498		10,022,131
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,635,220)		(5,671,366)
	5,188,278		4,350,765
Construction in progress	2,826,398		2,230,823
Property and equipment, net	$	8,014,676	$	6,581,588

Depreciation expense was $344,324 and $195,304 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Depreciation expense was $954,065 and $595,719 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Amortization expense related to finance lease assets was $18,850 and $6,169 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense related to finance lease assets was $49,024 and $18,506 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Construction in progress at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 principally relate to development costs for software to be used by clinics for operations and by the Company for the management of operations.

Note 5: Fair Value Consideration

The Company’s financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and loan payable. The carrying amounts of its financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. 

The Company does not use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to cash-flow, market or foreign-currency risks.

Authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on reliability of the inputs as follows:

Level 1:    Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:    Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3:    Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any financial instruments that were measured on a recurring basis as Level 1, 2 or 3.

Note 6: Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following:

	As of September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,930,669)	$	1,315,825
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(1,062,846)		193,129
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,398,491)		651,990
	$	6,552,950	$	(4,392,006)	$	2,160,944

	As of December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,400,086)	$	1,846,408
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(865,478)		390,497
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,067,595)		982,886
	$	6,552,950	$	(3,333,159)	$	3,219,791

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Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible assets was $351,114 and $1,058,848 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible assets was $336,899 and $694,290 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for 2020 and subsequent years is as follows:

	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	351,115
2021	1,212,703
2022	539,750
2023	57,376
Total	$	2,160,944

Note 7: Debt

Credit Agreement

On February 28, 2020, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., individually, and as Administrative Agent and Issuing Bank (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Lender”). The Credit Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) in the amount of $7,500,000, including a $2,000,000 revolver (the “Revolver”) and $5,500,000 development line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). The Revolver includes amounts available for letters of credit of up to $1,000,000 and an uncommitted additional amount of $2,500,000. All outstanding principal and interest on the Revolver are due on February 28, 2022. Principal and interest outstanding on the Line of Credit at the end of the first year are converted to a term loan payable in 36 monthly payments with a final maturity date of March 31, 2024. Principal amounts on the Line of Credit borrowed during the second year plus interest thereon which are outstanding at the end of the second year are converted to a second term loan payable in 36 monthly payments with a final maturity date of March 31, 2025. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is a one-, three- or six-month reserve adjusted Eurocurrency rate plus 2.00% or, at the election of the Company, an alternative base rate, plus 1.00%. The alternative base rate is the greatest of the prime rate, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York rate plus 0.50% and the one-month reserve adjusted Eurocurrency plus 1.00%. Unused portions of the Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to 0.25% per annum. If the current Eurocurrency rate is no longer available or representative, the loan agreement provides a mechanism for replacing that benchmark rate. The Credit Facilities are pre-payable at any time without penalty, other than customary breakage fees, and any voluntary repayments made by the Company would reduce the future required repayment amounts.

The Credit Facilities contain customary events of default, including but not limited to nonpayment; material inaccuracy of representations and warranties; violations of covenants; certain bankruptcies and liquidations; cross-default to material indebtedness; certain material judgments; and certain fundamental changes such as a merger or sale of substantially all assets (as further defined in the Credit Facilities). The Credit Facilities require the Company to comply with customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, including minimum interest coverage and maximum net leverage. A breach of any of these operating or financial covenants would result in a default under the Credit Facilities. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts then outstanding, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. The Credit Facilities are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including the assets in the Company’s company-owned or managed clinics. The Company intends to use the Revolver for general working capital needs and the Line of Credit for acquiring and developing new chiropractic clinics.

On March 18, 2020, the Company drew down $2,000,000 under the Revolver as a precautionary measure in order to further strengthen its cash position and provide financial flexibility in light of the current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable financial and non-financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

On April 10, 2020, the Company received a loan in the amount of approximately $2.7 million from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Loan”), pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business

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Administration (the “SBA”). The PPP is part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “Cares Act”), which provides for forgiveness of up to the full principal amount and accrued interest of qualifying loans guaranteed under the PPP.

The Loan was granted pursuant to a Note dated April 9, 2020 issued by the Company. The Note matures on April 11, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are payable monthly in equal installments through the maturity date, commencing on November 9, 2020, unless forgiven as described below. The Note may be prepaid at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Loan proceeds may be used only for the Company’s eligible payroll costs (with salary capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee), rent, and utilities, in each case paid by December 31, 2020. However, at least 60 percent of the Loan proceeds must be used for eligible payroll costs. In general, a PPP loan is fully forgiven if (1) proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest on certain mortgage obligations, rent, and utilities that are paid or incurred during the 24-week period following the Loan disbursement (the “covered period”) and (2) full-time employee headcount and salaries are either maintained during the covered period or restored by December 31, 2020. However, the Company intends to elect to use an alternative definition of covered period consisting of only 8 weeks following Loan disbursement, as permitted for loans that were received prior to June 5, 2020. If headcount and salaries are not so maintained during the covered period or restored by December 31, 2020, forgiveness of the Loan will be reduced in accordance with the regulations issued by the SBA. The Company will carefully monitor all qualifying expenses and other requirements necessary to maximize loan forgiveness. However, all PPP loans in excess of $2 million will be subject to review by SBA for compliance with program requirements set forth in the PPP Interim Final Rules and in the Borrower Application Form. There is no guarantee that the Loan will be forgiven by the SBA.

Note 8: Stock-Based Compensation 

The Company grants stock-based awards under its 2014 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2014 Plan”) and the 2012 Stock Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2014 Plan replaced the 2012 Plan, but the 2012 Plan remains in effect for the administration of awards made prior to its replacement by the 2014 Plan. The shares issued as a result of stock-based compensation transactions generally have been funded with the issuance of new shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company may grant the following types of incentive awards under the 2014 Plan: (i) non-qualified stock options; (ii) incentive stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock; and (v) restricted stock units. Each award granted under the 2014 Plan is subject to an award agreement that incorporates, as applicable, the exercise price, the term of the award, the periods of restriction, the number of shares to which the award pertains, and such other terms and conditions as the plan committee determines. Awards granted under the 2014 Plan are classified as equity awards, which are recorded in stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Stock Options

The Company stock closing price on the date of grant is the basis of fair value of its common stock used in determining the value of share-based awards. To the extent the value of the Company’s share-based awards involves a measure of volatility, the Company historically relied on the volatilities from publicly-traded companies with similar business models, as its common stock lacked enough trading history for it to utilize its own historical volatility. Effective July 1, 2019, the Company uses available historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period of time corresponding to the expected stock option term. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term of stock option grants to employees as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term of stock options granted to employees. Accordingly, the expected life of the options granted is based on the average of the vesting term, which is generally four years and the contractual term, which is generally ten years. The Company will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of utilizing such method. The risk-free interest rate is based on United States Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant for periods corresponding to the expected stock option term.

The Company has computed the fair value of all options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton model during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, using the following assumptions:

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020	2019
Expected volatility	53% to 58%	35% to 55%
Expected dividends	None	None
Expected term (years)	7	7
Risk-free rate	0.42% to 1.65%	1.89% to 2.61%

The information below summarizes the stock options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	949,245	$	5.19	6.5
Granted	111,158	14.76
Exercised	(123,809)	3.97
Cancelled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	936,594	$	6.49	6.7
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	633,967	$	4.68	5.9

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $122,922 and $398,582, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $110,367 and $307,017, respectively.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stocks granted to employees generally vest in four equal annual installments. Restricted stocks granted to non-employee directors vest on the earlier of (i) one year from the grant date and (ii) the date of the next annual meeting of the shareholders of the Company occurring after the date of grant.

The information below summarizes the restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Restricted Stock Awards	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award
Non-vested at December 31, 2019	38,976	$	12.31
Granted	28,680	14.92
Vested	(22,061)	13.99
Cancelled	—	—
Non-vested at September 30, 2020	45,595	$	13.13

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock was $89,312 and $280,124, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock was $75,653 and $229,727, respectively.

Note 9: Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 Company recorded income tax expense of $75,730 and $127,551, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded income tax expense of $6,702 and $15,597, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate due to permanent differences, state taxes and changes in the valuation allowance.

The CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020, which, may benefit the Company. The Company will continue to assess the income tax effect of the CARES Act and ongoing government guidance related to COVID-19 that may be issued.

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Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The table below summarizes the components of lease expense and income statement location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Line Item in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of assets	Depreciation and amortization	$	18,850	$	6,169	$	49,024	$	18,506
Interest on lease liabilities	Other expense, net	3,066		1,642		8,779		5,331
Total finance lease costs		21,916		7,811		57,803		23,837
Operating lease costs	General and administrative expenses	891,603		855,962		2,659,569		2,292,191
Total lease costs		$	913,519	$	863,773	$	2,717,372	$	2,316,028

Supplemental information and balance sheet location related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of -use asset	$	11,555,086		$	12,486,672
Operating lease liability - current portion	$	2,756,838		$	2,313,109
Operating lease liability - net of current portion	10,798,802			11,901,040
Total operating lease liability	$	13,555,640		$	14,214,149
Finance Leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$	282,027		$	80,604
Less accumulated amortization	(73,698)			(24,675)
Property and equipment, net	$	208,329		$	55,929
Finance lease liability - current portion	69,380			24,253
Finance lease liability - net of current portion	150,524			34,398
Total finance lease liabilities	$	219,904		$	58,651
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases	4.8			5.4
Finance lease	4.2			2.3
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	8.5		%	8.7		%
Finance leases	5.4		%	10.0		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,517,613	$	2,233,149
Operating cash flows from finance leases	8,779		5,331
Financing cash flows from finance leases	40,168		16,259
Non-cash transactions: ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating lease	$	919,607	$	4,501,092
Finance lease	201,423		80,604

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Lease
2020 (remainder)	$	943,468	$	19,725
2021	3,768,378		78,900
2022	3,652,919		48,975
2023	2,950,447		27,600
2024	2,332,736		27,600
Thereafter	2,860,814		39,100
Total lease payments	$	16,508,762	$	241,900
Less: Imputed interest	(2,953,122)		(21,996)
Total lease obligations	13,555,640		219,904
Less: Current obligations	(2,756,838)		(69,380)
Long-term lease obligation	$	10,798,802	$	150,524

Litigation

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to litigation from time to time. The Company maintains insurance to cover certain actions and believes that resolution of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Note 11: Segment Reporting

An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and is reviewed regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. The Company has identified its CODM as the Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has two operating business segments and one non-operating business segment. The Corporate Clinics segment is composed of the operating activities of the company-owned or managed clinics. As of September 30, 2020, the Company operated or managed 63 clinics under this segment. The Franchise Operations segment is composed of the operating activities of the franchise business unit. As of September 30, 2020, the franchise system consisted of 497 clinics in operation. The Corporate segment is a non-operating segment that develops and implements strategic initiatives and supports the Company’s two operating business segments by centralizing key administrative functions such as finance and treasury, information technology, insurance and risk management, legal and human resources. The Corporate segment also provides the necessary administrative functions to support the Company as a publicly-traded company. A portion of the expenses incurred by the Corporate segment are allocated to the operating segments.

The tables below present financial information for the Company’s two operating business segments.

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	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Revenues:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Corporate clinics	$	8,403,844	$	6,829,576	$	22,554,946	$	18,245,940
Franchise operations	7,006,709		5,896,801		19,089,886		16,329,792
Total revenues	$	15,410,553	$	12,726,377	$	41,644,832	$	34,575,732
Depreciation and amortization:
Corporate clinics	636,734		489,623		1,828,643		1,155,779
Franchise operations	342		342		1,027		799
Corporate administration	77,212		48,407		232,267		151,937
Total depreciation and amortization	$	714,288	$	538,372	$	2,061,937	$	1,308,515
Segment operating income:
Corporate clinics	$	1,313,717	$	821,228	$	2,662,643	$	2,225,252
Franchise operations	3,404,723		2,874,609		8,778,537		7,894,934
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Reconciliation of total segment operating income to consolidated earnings before income taxes:
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Unallocated corporate	(3,013,084)		(3,055,458)		(8,723,890)		(8,048,531)
Consolidated income from operations	1,705,356		640,379		2,717,290		2,071,655
Bargain purchase gain	—		—		—		19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)		(16,697)		(55,248)		(43,469)
Income before income tax expense	$	1,679,689	$	623,682	$	2,662,042	$	2,047,484

Segment assets:	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Corporate clinics	$	23,294,320	$	25,389,147
Franchise operations	8,502,811		7,466,629
Total segment assets	31,797,131		32,855,776
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,445,926		8,641,877
Unallocated property and equipment	1,122,063		996,385
Other unallocated assets	687,691		1,211,629
Total assets	$	52,052,811	$	43,705,667

“Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash” relates primarily to corporate cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (see Note 1), “unallocated property and equipment” relates primarily to corporate fixed assets, and “other unallocated assets” relates primarily to deposits, prepaid and other assets. Certain unallocated property and equipment balances were reclassified

to Corporate clinics and Franchise operations segments as of December 31, 2019 to conform to the current year presentation.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (“the Exchange Act”), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management; and accounting estimates and the impact of new or recently issued accounting pronouncements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are made based on our current expectations, forecasts, estimates and assumptions, and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause results or events to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider various factors, uncertainties and risks that could affect our future results or operations as described from time to time in our SEC reports, including those risks outlined under “Risk Factors” which are contained in Part I, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. These factors, uncertainties and risks may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement set forth in this Form 10-Q. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties and other information contained in the reports we file with or furnish to the SEC before making any investment decision with respect to our securities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Some of the important factors contained in Part I, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•major public health concerns, including the outbreak of epidemic or pandemic contagious disease, may adversely affect revenue at our clinics and disrupt financial markets, adversely affecting our stock price; in the case of COVID-19, our revenue and stock price have been adversely affected and may continue to be adversely affected;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and our operations, including the measures taken by governmental authorities to address it, may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and/or uncertainties;

•we may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy if we or our franchisees are unable to locate and secure appropriate sites for clinic locations, obtain favorable lease terms, and attract patients to our clinics;

•we have limited experience operating company-owned or managed clinics in those geographic areas where we currently have few or no clinics, and we may not be able to duplicate the success of some of our franchisees;

•we may not be able to acquire operating clinics from existing franchisees or develop company-owned or managed

clinics on attractive terms;

•we may fail to successfully design and maintain our proprietary and third-party management information systems or implement new systems;

•we may fail to properly maintain the integrity of our data or to strategically implement, upgrade or consolidate existing information systems;

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•increases in the number of franchisee acquisitions that we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition;

•we may not be able to continue to sell regional developer licenses to qualified regional developers or sell franchises to qualified franchisees, and our regional developers and franchisees may not succeed in developing profitable territories and clinics;

•we may not be able to identify, recruit and train enough qualified chiropractors to staff our clinics;

•new clinics may not reach the point of profitability, and we may not be able to maintain or improve revenues and franchise fees from existing franchised clinics;

•the chiropractic industry is highly competitive, with many well-established independent competitors, which could prevent us from increasing our market share or result in reduction in our market share;

•administrative actions and rulings regarding the corporate practice of medicine and joint employer responsibility may jeopardize our business model;

•negative publicity or damage to our reputation, which could arise from concerns expressed by opponents of chiropractic and by chiropractors operating under traditional service models, could adversely impact our operations and financial position;

•our security systems may be breached, and we may face civil liability and public perception of our security measures could be diminished, either of which would negatively affect our ability to attract and retain patients;

•legislation, regulations, as well as new medical procedures and techniques could reduce or eliminate our competitive advantages; and

•we face increased costs as a result of being a public company.

Overview

Our principal business is to develop, own, operate, support and manage chiropractic clinics through direct ownership,

management arrangements, franchising and the sale of regional developer rights throughout the United States.

We seek to be the leading provider of chiropractic care in the markets we serve and to become the most recognized brand in our industry through the rapid and focused expansion of chiropractic clinics in key markets throughout North America

and potentially abroad. We saw over 585,000 new patients in 2019, an increase of 26% from our new patient count in 2018, with approximately 26% of those new patients visiting a chiropractor for the first time. We are not only increasing our percentage of market share, but expanding the chiropractic market.

Key Performance Measures.  We receive monthly performance reports from our system and our clinics which include key performance indicators per clinic including gross sales, comparable same-store sales growth, or “Comp Sales,” number of new patients, conversion percentage, and member attrition. In addition, we review monthly reporting related to system-wide sales, clinic openings, clinic license sales, and various earnings metrics in the aggregate and per clinic. We believe these indicators provide us with useful data with which to measure our performance and to measure our franchisees’ and clinics’ performance. Comp Sales include the sales from both company-owned or managed clinics and franchised clinics that in each case have been open at least 13 full months and exclude any clinics that have closed. System-wide sales include sales at all clinics, whether operated by us or by franchisees. While franchised sales are not recorded as revenues by us, management believes the information is important in understanding the overall brand’s financial performance, because these sales are the basis on which we calculate and record royalty fees and are indicative of the financial health of the franchisee base.

Key Clinic Development Trends. As of September 30, 2020, we and our franchisees operated 560 clinics, of which 497 were operated by franchisees and 63 were operated as company-owned or managed clinics. Of the 63 company-owned or managed clinics, 23 were constructed and developed by us, and 40 were acquired from franchisees.

Our strategy is to grow through the sale and development of additional franchises, build upon our regional developer strategy, and continue to expand our corporate clinic portfolio within clustered locations. The number of franchise licenses sold for the year

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ended December 31, 2019 increased to 126, up from 99 and 37 licenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We ended the first nine months of 2020 with 23 regional developers who were responsible for 80% of the 65 licenses sold during the period. The growth reflects the power of the regional developer program to accelerate the number of licenses sold, and clinics eventually opened, across the country.

In addition, we believe that we can accelerate the development of, and revenue generation from, company-owned or managed clinics through the further selective acquisition of existing franchised clinics and opening of greenfield clinics. We will seek to open new clinics or acquire existing franchised clinics that meet our criteria for demographics, site attractiveness, proximity to other clinics and additional suitability factors. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we opened three greenfield clinics, and as of September 30, 2020, we had letters-of-intent in place to open 13 additional greenfield clinics.

We believe that The Joint has a compelling concept, supported by our performance during the pandemic, which is both a causal factor and a beneficiary of fundamental changes taking place in the manner in which Americans access chiropractic care and their growing interest in seeking effective, affordable natural solutions for general wellness. These trends join with the strong preference we have seen among chiropractic doctors to reject the insurance-based model, which benefits consumers and service providers alike. We believe that these forces create an important opportunity to accelerate the growth of our network.

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COVID-19 Pandemic Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations in 2020. Virus-related concerns, temporary clinic closures and government-imposed restrictions resulted in reduced patient traffic and spending trends and in membership freezes and cancellations in our clinics during the second quarter of 2020. This negative impact on our franchisees’ clinics has also negatively impacted our royalty and advertising fee revenue.

Approximately 10% of our system-wide clinics were closed during April, with some clinics beginning to reopen in May. Approximately 99% of our clinics have reopened as of the date of this report, although some are operating on reduced hours. Our corporate clinics and headquarters have been able to operate without any furloughs or lay-offs as we implemented enhanced sanitary measures to ensure patient and employee safety. Our new sanitary and safety measures include cleaning of instruments between each patient use, removal of non-essential items, physical distancing, and masks for all Joint staff.

Due to the government-imposed restrictions, our results of operations were most negatively impacted during the month of April. In order to rebuild, we launched two of the three phases of our summer promotional activity during the second quarter of 2020, which included incentives to unfreeze wellness plan memberships and a new patient free trial offer during the month of June. During the third quarter, we launched the third and final phase of our COVID-19 recovery promotion, which was aimed at lapsed patients and former plan members. Our summer promotion, coupled with the easing of government restrictions, have resulted in improvement in most of our key metrics including gross sales, Comp Sales, patient traffic, and new patient conversion rate. In addition, the attrition rate among existing patients has remained relatively stable during the second and the third quarter.

Despite improvements during the second and the third quarter, significant uncertainty remains about the duration and extent of the impact on our business of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our first half of 2020 revenue and earnings were negatively impacted compared to our pre-COVID-19 pandemic expectations, and the pandemic may have a negative impact on our revenue and net income for the remainder of 2020. Even as government restrictions are lifted and clinics reopen, the ongoing economic impacts and health concerns associated with the pandemic may continue to affect patient behavior and spending levels, and could result in reduced visits and patient spending trends that adversely impact our financial position and results of operations. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of the outbreak, including whether there is a “third wave” or other additional significant increases in the number or severity of cases in future periods, and actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate its public health effects.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we took, or continue to take, the following steps to preserve liquidity and ensure the Company’s financial flexibility:

•Drew down the $2 million of our revolving credit facility with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. in March, noting we had an additional $5.5 million under a developmental line of credit with those funds unavailable for general corporate purposes.

•Secured $2.7 million loan under CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program in April, bringing total unrestricted cash to $18.3 million as of September 30, 2020.

•Continued review of discretionary operating expenses and potential deferment of certain capital expenditures and hiring.

Other Significant Events and/or Recent Developments

For the three months ended September 30, 2020:

•System-wide sales for all clinics open for any amount of time grew 21%.

•Comp Sales of clinics that have been open for at least 13 full months increased 12%.

•Comp Sales for mature clinics open 48 months or more increased 7%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

•System-wide sales for all clinics open for any amount of time grew 16% to $182.4 million.

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•49 new franchised clinics and three company-owned or managed greenfields were opened and five franchised clinics were closed, for a total of 560 units.

During the first quarter of 2020, we entered into a regional development agreement for the states of Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and the county of Rock Island in the state of Illinois for which we received approximately $201,000. The agreement requires the opening of a minimum of 18 clinics over a seven-year period. During the third quarter of 2020, we entered into a regional development agreement for the state of Wisconsin and the remaining available territories within the state of Illinois for which we received approximately $340,000. The agreement requires the opening of a minimum of 19 clinics over a ten-year period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we constructed and developed three new company-owned or managed clinics.

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Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, including the timing of new clinic sales and clinic openings and closures, the magnitude of expenses related to the foregoing, the economic condition of the markets in which our clinics are located, general economic conditions, consumer confidence in the economy, consumer preferences, competitive factors, and disease epidemics and other health-related concerns, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Significant Accounting Polices and Estimates

There were no changes in our significant accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from those set forth in “Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as outlined in Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report as it relates to goodwill impairment under ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,".

Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial results encompasses our consolidated results and results of our two business segments: Corporate Clinics and Franchise Operations. 

Total Revenues - three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with three months ended September 30, 2019

Components of revenues were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Revenues:
Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics	$	8,403,844	$	6,829,576	$	1,574,268	23.1	%
Royalty fees	4,170,692		3,447,270		723,422		21.0	%
Franchise fees	519,131		541,339		(22,208)		(4.1)	%
Advertising fund revenue	1,187,666		978,209		209,457		21.4	%
IT related income and software fees	688,046		514,350		173,696		33.8	%
Regional developer fees	222,908		210,233		12,675		6.0	%
Other revenues	218,266		205,400		12,866		6.3	%
Total revenues	$	15,410,553	$	12,726,377	$	2,684,176	21.1	%

Consolidated Results

•Total revenues increased by $2.7 million, primarily due to the continued expansion of our company-owned or managed clinics portfolio and our franchise base.

Corporate Clinics

•Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics increased, primarily due to improved same-store sales growth, as well as due to the expansion of our company-owned or managed clinics portfolio.

Franchise Operations

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•Royalty fees and advertising fund revenue increased due to an increase in the number of franchised clinics in operation during the current period along with continued sales growth in existing franchised clinics. As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 497 and 430 franchised clinics in operation, respectively.

•Franchise fees decreased from the prior year period as the prior year period included the impact of two clinic closures and three franchise agreement terminations, which accelerated the recognition of franchise fee revenue for the period.

•IT related income and software fees revenue increased due to an increase in our franchise clinic base and the related revenue recognition over the term of the franchise agreement.

Total Revenues - nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with nine months ended September 30, 2019

Components of revenues were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Revenues:
Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics	$	22,554,946	$	18,245,940	$	4,309,006	23.6	%
Royalty fees	11,157,575		9,737,616		1,419,959		14.6	%
Franchise fees	1,555,846		1,405,678		150,168		10.7	%
Advertising fund revenue	3,176,080		2,797,576		378,504		13.5	%
IT related income and software fees	1,964,968		1,256,711		708,257		56.4	%
Regional developer fees	643,974		594,615		49,359		8.3	%
Other revenues	591,443		537,596		53,847		10.0	%
Total revenues	$	41,644,832	$	34,575,732	$	7,069,100	20.4	%

Consolidated Results

•Total revenues increased by $7.1 million, primarily due to the continued revenue growth and expansion of our company-owned or managed clinics portfolio and continued expansion and revenue growth of our franchise base, which was partially offset by the negative impact of the pandemic during the second quarter.

Corporate Clinics

•Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics increased, primarily due to improved same-store growth, as well as the expansion of our corporate-owned or managed clinics portfolio, which was partially offset by the negative impact of the pandemic during the second quarter.

Franchise Operations

•Royalty fees and advertising fund revenue increased due to an increase in the number of franchised clinics in operation during the current period along with continued sales growth in existing franchised clinics. These increases were partially offset by the sales decline in the existing franchised clinics due to the pandemic during the second quarter. As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 497 and 430 franchised clinics in operation, respectively.

•Franchise fees increased due to the sale of additional franchise licenses and the related revenue recognition over the term of the franchise agreement.

•IT related income and software fees revenue increased due to an increase in our franchise clinic base and the related revenue recognition over the term of the franchise agreement.

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Cost of Revenues	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Three Months Ended September 30,	1,712,246	1,426,869	$	285,377	20.0	%
Nine Months Ended September 30,	4,566,042	3,931,958	634,084		16.1	%

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year period, the total cost of revenues increased primarily due to an increase in regional developer royalties of $0.3 million, which is in line with an increase in franchise royalty revenues of 21.0%, coupled with a larger portion of our franchise base operating in regional developer territories. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year period, the total cost of revenues increased primarily due to an increase in regional developer royalties of $0.6 million, which is in line with an increase in franchise royalty revenues of 14.6%, coupled with a larger portion of our franchise base operating in regional developer territories.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and Marketing Expenses	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Three Months Ended September 30,	1,845,601	1,793,229	$	52,372	2.9	%
Nine Months Ended September 30,	5,684,556	5,068,585	615,971		12.2	%

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year period, the increase in the selling and marketing expenses was minimal, due to the timing of marketing expenses expenditures. Selling and marketing expenses increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year period, driven by an increase in advertising fund expenditures from a larger franchise base and an increase in local marketing expenditures by the company-owned or managed clinics in the first quarter.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Three Months Ended September 30,	714,288	538,372	$	175,916	32.7	%
Nine Months Ended September 30,	2,061,937	1,308,515	753,422		57.6	%

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the amortization of intangibles related to the 2019 acquisitions, coupled with depreciation expenses associated with the expansion of our corporate-owned or managed clinics portfolio in 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Three Months Ended September 30,	9,433,062	8,297,680	$	1,135,382	13.7	%
Nine Months Ended September 30,	26,668,420	22,078,244	4,590,176		20.8	%

General and administrative expenses increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to an increase in payroll and related expenses to support continued clinic count and revenue growth. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were 61% and 64%, respectively, compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of 65% and 64%, respectively. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were relatively flat during the current year period primarily due to lower than anticipated revenue growth in the month of March and the second quarter of 2020 due to the pandemic, which was mostly offset by the revenue growth during the third quarter of 2020. Despite the negative impact of the pandemic on our pre-COVID-19 revenue growth expectations, we continued to operate our corporate clinics and headquarters without any furloughs or lay-offs while working to increase sanitary measures to ensure patient and employee safety.

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Income from Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Income from Operations	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Three Months Ended September 30,	1,705,356	640,379	$	1,064,977	166.3	%

Consolidated Results

Consolidated income from operations increased by $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the improved operating income in both the corporate clinics and the franchise operations segments discussed below.

Corporate Clinics

Our corporate clinics segment had income from operations of $1,313,717 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.5 million compared to income from operations of $821,228 for the prior year period. This was primarily due to:

•An increase in revenues of $1.6 million from company-owned or managed clinics; partially offset by

•A $1.1 million increase in operating expenses, primarily in general and administrative expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by an increase in payroll-related expenses due to a higher head count.

Franchise Operations

Our franchise operations segment had income from operations of $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.5 million, compared to net income from operations of $2.9 million for the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to:

•An increase of $1.1 million in total revenues; partially offset by

•An increase of $0.3 million in cost of revenues primarily due to an increase in regional developer royalties and an increase of $0.3 million in operating expenses, primarily due to an increase in payroll-related expenses due to a higher head count.

Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated corporate expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were relatively flat compared with the prior year period due to cost containment efforts.

Income from Operations - Nine months ended September 30, 2020

Income from Operations	2020	2019	Change from Prior Year		Percent Change from Prior Year
Nine Months Ended September 30,	2,717,290	2,071,655	$	645,635	31.2	%

Consolidated Results

Consolidated income from operations increased by $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the improved operating income in both the corporate clinics and the franchise operations segments, partially offset by increased expenses in the unallocated corporate segment discussed below.

Corporate Clinics

Our corporate clinics segment had income from operations of $2,662,643 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.4 million compared to income from operations of $2,225,252 for the prior year period. This was primarily due to:

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•An increase in revenues of $4.3 million from company-owned or managed clinics; partially offset by

•A $3.9 million increase in operating expenses, primarily in general and administrative expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by an increase in payroll-related expenses due to a higher head count.

Franchise Operations

Our franchise operations segment had income from operations of $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.9 million, compared to net income from operations of $7.9 million for the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to:

•An increase of $2.8 million in total revenues; partially offset by

•An increase of $0.7 million in cost of revenues primarily due to an increase in regional developer royalties and an increase of $1.2 million in operating expenses, primarily due to an increase in payroll-related expenses due to a higher head count, as well as due to an increase in selling and marketing expenses resulting from larger number of franchises.

Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated corporate expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $0.7 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher payroll and legal related expenses, as well as IT expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of September 30, 2020, we had unrestricted cash and short-term bank deposits of $18.3 million. Cash flow from operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $6.9 million. In February 2020, we executed a line of credit agreement, which provides a credit facility of up to $7.5 million, including a $2.0 million revolver and $5.5 million development line of credit. On March 18, 2020, we drew down $2.0 million under the credit agreement as a precautionary measure in order to further strengthen our cash position and provide financial flexibility in light of the current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, on April 10, 2020, we received a loan in the amount of approximately $2.7 million from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).

We will continue to preserve cash, and while we have deferred the majority of our previously planned 2020 capital expenditures given the dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, our long-term goal and growth opportunities remain unchanged. We currently plan to resume the acquisition and development of company-owned or managed clinics in 2021 and beyond and to continue to progress towards our goal at a measured pace, targeting geographic clusters where we are able to increase efficiencies through a consolidated real estate penetration strategy, leveraged cooperative advertising and marketing and general corporate and administrative operating efficiencies.

In addition to $18.3 million of unrestricted cash on hand as of September 30, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity are expected to be cash flows from operations and proceeds from the credit facility, debt financings or equity issuances, and/or proceeds from the sale of assets. We expect our available cash and cash flows from operations and the credit facility to be sufficient to fund our short-term working capital requirements. In addition, we believe we will be able to fund future liquidity and capital requirements through cash flows generated from operating activities for a period of at least twelve months from the date our financial statements are issued. Our long-term capital requirements, primarily for acquisitions and other corporate initiatives, could be dependent on our ability to access additional funds through the debt and/or equity markets. From time to time, we consider and evaluate transactions related to our portfolio and capital structure including debt financings, equity issuances, purchases and sales of assets, and other transactions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the levels of our cash flows from operations for 2020 may be impacted. There can be no assurance that we will be able generate sufficient cash flows or obtain the capital necessary to meet our short and long-term capital requirements.

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Analysis of Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $2.2 million to $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to: (i) the collection of tenant leasehold improvement allowance of $0.7 million, (ii) an increase in revenue over the prior year period, (iii), impacts of cost containment initiatives, and (iv) the sale of one regional developer agreement for which we received approximately $0.5 million, which were partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses over the prior year period.

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $6.0 million for the nine months ended 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, this included purchases of property and equipment of $2.3 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, this included acquisitions of $3.1 million, purchases of property and equipment of $2.3 million, and reacquisition and termination of regional developer rights of $0.7 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $5.1 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, this included proceeds from: (i) the credit facility, net of related fees of $1.9 million, (ii) the loan under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program of $2.7 million, and (iii) the exercise of stock options of $0.5 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, this included proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $0.5 million and repayments on notes payable of $0.1 million.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements that may impact our financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act are accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving such objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020, our management has concluded the disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of that date due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that was disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to

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materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, employees at our corporate headquarters began working remotely in March 2020. These changes to the working environment did not have a material effect on our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation

As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weakness mentioned above. The weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed prior to the end of fiscal 2020.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we are a party to litigation from time to time.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We documented our risk factors in Item 1A of Part I of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Other than the additional risk factors and updates identified below, which should be read in conjunction with the risk factors as they appear in such Form 10-K, there have been no material changes to our risk factors since the filing of that report.

The following risks related to our business have been added:

Our level of debt could impair our financial condition and ability to operate. Our PPP Loan may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the Loan.

In order to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in responding to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, we drew down $2.0 million under the Credit Agreement and we secured a $2.7 million loan under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program. Our level of debt could have important consequences to investors, including:

•requiring a portion of our cash flows from operations be used for the payment of interest on our debt, thereby reducing the funds available to us for our operations or other capital needs;

•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate because our available cash flow, after paying principal and interest on our debt, may not be sufficient to make the capital and other expenditures necessary to address these changes;

•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions, since we will be required to devote a proportion of our cash flow to paying principal and interest on our debt during periods in which we experience lower earnings and cash flow, such as during the current COVID-19 pandemic;

•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and general corporate requirements; and

•placing us at a competitive disadvantage to other relatively less leveraged competitors that have more cash flow available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and general corporate requirements.

The CARES Act and the PPP provide a mechanism for a borrower to apply for forgiveness of up to the full amount of the PPP Loan. The amount of the Company’s loan proceeds eligible for forgiveness is based on a formula that takes into account a number of factors, including (i) that the Company uses the amount of loan proceeds during an 8-week period after loan disbursement only for eligible payroll costs, rent, and utilities, (ii) that the Company uses at least 60% of the loan amount for eligible payroll costs, (iii) that the Company maintains or rehires employees and maintains salaries at certain levels and (iv) other factors. The Company intends to elect the aforementioned 8-week period after loan disbursement for use of the loan proceeds, as permitted for loans that were received prior to June 5, 2020, in lieu of the 24-week period otherwise applicable. Although we currently intend to apply for Loan forgiveness, there is no assurance that we will do so, or if we do so apply, that we will be granted forgiveness of some or all of the amount of the PPP Loan. After the CARES Act was passed and we applied for and obtained the PPP Loan, the SBA issued new guidance that, among other things, questioned whether a public company with substantial market value and access to capital markets would qualify to participate in the PPP and be able to make the required certification that current economic uncertainty makes the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the applicant. Subsequently, the Department of the Treasury and the SBA issued guidance that the government will review all PPP loans of more than $2 million for which the borrower applies for forgiveness and that all PPP loans in excess of $2 million, and other PPP loans as appropriate, will be subject to review by SBA for compliance with program requirements set forth in the PPP Interim Final Rules and in the Borrower Application Form. Should we be audited or reviewed by federal or state regulatory authorities as a result of filing an application for forgiveness of the PPP Loan or otherwise, such audit or review could result in the diversion of management’s time and attention and legal and reputational costs. If we were to be audited or reviewed and receive an adverse determination or finding in such audit or review, we could be required to return the full amount of the PPP Loan, which could reduce our liquidity and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our balance sheet includes intangible assets and goodwill. A decline in the estimated fair value of an intangible asset or a reporting unit could result in an impairment charge recorded in our operating results, which could be material.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Also, we review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of our goodwill or another intangible asset were to exceed its fair value, the asset would be written down to its fair value, with the impairment charge recognized as a noncash expense in our operating results. Adverse changes in future market conditions or weaker operating results compared to our expectations, including, for example, as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, may impact our projected cash flows and estimates of weighted average cost of capital, which could result in a potentially material impairment charge if we are unable to recover the carrying value of our goodwill and other intangible assets.

Our balance sheet includes a significant amount of long-lived assets in our corporate clinics, including operating lease right-of-use assets and property, plant and equipment. A decline in the current and projected cash flows in our corporate clinics could result in impairment charges, which could be material.

Long-lived assets, such as operating lease right-of-use assets and property, plant and equipment in our corporate clinics, are tested for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset were to exceed its fair value, the asset would be written down to its fair value and an impairment charge recognized as a noncash expense in our operating results. Adverse changes in future market conditions or weaker operating results compared to our expectations, including, for example, as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, may impact our projected cash flows and estimates of weighted average cost of capital, which could result in a potentially material impairment charge if we are unable to recover the carrying value of our long-lived assets.

The following risks related to our business have been updated:

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading "Major public health concerns, including the outbreak of epidemic or pandemic contagious disease, such as the coronavirus, may adversely affect revenue at our clinics and disrupt financial markets" have been updated below with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic:

Major public health concerns, including the outbreak of epidemic or pandemic contagious disease such as COVID-19, may adversely affect revenue at our clinics and disrupt financial markets. In the case of COVID-19, revenue at our clinics has been adversely affected and financial markets have been disrupted, both of which are likely to continue.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the COVID-19 outbreak, which began in China and has

since spread to other areas, is a global health emergency. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the U.S. and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. The spread of the virus in the U.S. or a similar public health threat, or fear of such an event, may result in (and in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in), among other things, a reduced willingness of patients to visit our clinics or the shopping centers in which they are located out of concern over exposure to contagious disease, closed clinics, reduced business hours, and a decline in revenue. A prolonged outbreak, resulting in reduced patient traffic and continued disruptions to capital and financial markets, could have (and in case of the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in) a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our stock.

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading "Our dependence on the success of our franchisees exposes us to risks including the loss of royalty revenue and harm to our brand" have been updated below with regard to our royalty revenue and other fees from franchisees:

A substantial portion of our revenues comes from royalties generated by our franchised clinics, which royalties are based on the revenues generated by those clinics. We anticipate that franchise royalties will represent a substantial part of our revenues in the future. As of September 30, 2020, we had franchisees operating or managing 497 clinics. We are reliant on the performance of our franchisees in successfully opening and operating their clinics and paying royalties and other

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fees to us on a timely basis. Our franchise system subjects us to a number of risks as described here and in the next four risk factors. These risks include a significant decline in our franchisees’ revenue, which has occurred as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we have taken actions to support our franchisees experiencing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, further reducing our royalty revenues and other fees from franchisees. These actions include a waiver of the minimum royalty requirement for the remainder of 2020, and for franchised clinics closed 16 days or more in a given month, a waiver of the monthly software fee for use of our proprietary or selected chiropractic or customer relationship management software, computer support and internet services support. We also have waived the minimum required expenditure for local advertising, promotion and marketing during the second quarter of 2020, an action which negatively impacts our franchisees and us by reducing the visibility of “The Joint” brand in the marketplace. We may need to expand or extend these accommodations to franchisees, further reducing our revenues from franchised clinics. These accommodations, the decline in our franchisees’ revenue and the occurrence of any of the other events described here and in the next four risk factors could impact our ability to collect royalty payments from our franchisees, harm the goodwill associated with our brand, and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. Please refer to our risk factors in Item 1A of Part I of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for the next four risk factors related to our franchise system.

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading "Our stock price could be volatile and could decline" have been updated below with regard to the price of our common stock:

Our stock price could be volatile and could decline (and has done so as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic).

The price at which our common stock will trade could be extremely volatile and may fluctuate substantially due to the

following factors, some of which are beyond our control:

•the outbreak of epidemic or pandemic contagious disease;

•variations in our operating results;

•variations between our actual operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors and the financial

community;

•announcements of developments affecting our business or expansion plans by us or others; and

•regulations, conditions, and trends in the chiropractic industry.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the U.S., our stock price has experienced high volatility, consistent with the volatility in global financial markets in general due to COVID-19. Concerns over the continuing impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the impact of the pandemic on our operating results may continue to cause fluctuations in and adversely impact our stock price.

As a result of these and other factors, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or above their purchase price.

In the past, securities class action litigation often has been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. This type of litigation, if directed at us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading "Our actual results may differ from forecasts." have been updated below with regard to our forecasts:

It is difficult to accurately forecast our revenues, operating expenses and results, and operating data. The inability by us or the financial community to accurately forecast our operating results could cause our net income in a given quarter to be less than expected or our net losses in a given quarter to be greater than expected, which could cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock. We base our current and forecasted expense and cash expenditure levels on our operating plans and estimates of future revenues, which are dependent on the growth of the number of patients and the demand for our services. As a result, we may be unable to make accurate financial forecasts or to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfalls in revenues. We believe that these difficulties in forecasting are even greater for financial analysts that may publish their own estimates of our financial results.

We are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 pandemic will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures.

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The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading “State regulations on corporate practice of chiropractic” have been updated below with regard to the State of Washington:

In February 2020, the State of Washington Chiropractic Quality Assurance Commission delivered notices that it was investigating complaints made against three chiropractors who own clinics, or are (or were) employed by clinics, in Washington for which our franchisees provide management services. The notices contained allegations of fee-splitting, specifically targeting a provision in our Franchise Disclosure Document providing for the payment of royalty fees based on revenue derived from the furnishing of chiropractic care. The notices appear to question our business model. The Commission posed a number of questions to the chiropractors and requested documentation describing the fee structure and related matters. All three chiropractors have responded to the Commission. The investigations initiated by the Commission are in the early stages, and we are not yet aware of the full extent of the Commission’s concerns. As these investigations proceed, we are assisting, and will continue to assist, the chiropractors in working toward a resolution.

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading “Past decisions by the United States National Labor Relations Board expanding the meaning of ‘joint employer’ and evolving state laws mean that we could have liability for employment law violations by our franchisees” have been updated below to revise the fourth and fifth paragraphs addressing California Assembly Bill 5, or AB-5:

A July 2014 decision by the United States National Labor Relations Board (or NLRB) held that McDonald’s Corporation could be held liable as a “joint employer” for labor and wage violations by its franchisees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). After this decision, the NLRB issued a number of complaints against McDonald’s Corporation in connection with these violations. Additionally, an August 2015 decision by the NLRB held that Browning-Ferris Industries was a “joint employer” for purposes of collective bargaining and, thus, obligated to negotiate with the Teamsters union over workers supplied by a contract staffing firm within one of its recycling plants.

Since then, in January 2020, the Department of Labor (or “DOL”) issued a final rule narrowing the meaning of “joint employer” under the FLSA, although in September 2020, much of the new rule relating to “joint employer” status was vacated by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in a lawsuit brought by various state attorneys general. There is uncertainty as to whether the scope of the decision extends beyond the Southern District of New York, and an appeal of the decision is likely. In addition, McDonald’s Corporation in the aforementioned NLRB action was not required to admit liability or joint-employer status in a settlement that was accepted in a September 2020 filing by the NLRB’s legal counsel. Consistent with the DOL’s rule, the NLRB issued a final rule in February 2020, narrowing the meaning of “joint employer” in the collective bargaining context. As happened in the case of the DOL rule, it is expected that the final NLRB rule will be challenged in court, given that it conflicts with a December 2018 decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, which partially upheld the 2015 Browning-Ferris expansive definition of “joint employer.”

The district court’s rejection of the new DOL rule narrowing the meaning of “joint employer,” unless overturned on appeal, or the replacement of the new DOL rule with a more expansive definition of “joint employer” in a stricter regulatory climate means that we could have responsibility for damages, reinstatement, back pay and penalties in connection with labor law violations by our franchisees over whom we have limited control. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, a rollback of the NLRB rule could make it easier for our franchisees’ employees to organize into unions, require us to participate in collective bargaining with those employees, provide those employees and their union representatives with bargaining power to request that we have our franchisees raise wages, and make it more expensive and less profitable to operate a franchised clinic. Additionally, notwithstanding the narrowing of the meaning of “joint employer” under the FLSA and collective bargaining rules, the test for joint employer status may be different under other federal laws and under state laws.

California adopted Assembly Bill 5, or AB-5, which took effect on January 1, 2020. This legislation codifies the standard established in a California Supreme Court case (Dynamex Operations West v. Superior Court) for determining whether workers should be classified as employees or independent contractors, with a strict test that puts the burden of proof on employers to establish that workers are not employees. The law is aimed at the so-called “gig economy” where workers in many industries, particularly ride-sharing industries, are treated as independent contractors, rather than employees, and lack the protections of wage and hour laws. AB-5 is not a franchise-specific law and does not address joint employer liability; however, a significant concern exists in the franchise industry that an expansive interpretation of AB-5 could be used to hold franchisors jointly liable for the labor law violations of its franchisees. Courts addressing this issue have come to differing conclusions. Two different panels of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in applying California law, reached contradictory conclusions, with one panel implicitly concluding that the Dynamex standard was applicable to joint liability claims in the franchise industry and a second panel later concluding in December 2019 that it was not applicable. In February 2020, in reviewing the case decided by the first panel, the

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California Supreme Court denied requests to consider whether the Dynamex standard applies to joint liability claims. It remains uncertain as to how the joint employer issue will ultimately be resolved. AB-5 also has been the subject of other court challenges and a California ballot initiative, which would modify its application with respect to app-based drivers only.

AB-5 has been the subject of widespread national discussion. Other states are considering similar approaches. Some states have adopted similar laws in narrower contexts, and a handful of other states have adopted similar laws for broader purposes. All of these laws or proposed laws may similarly raise concerns with respect to the expansion of joint liability to the franchise industry. Furthermore, there have been private lawsuits in which parties have alleged that a franchisor and its franchisee “jointly employ” the franchisee’s staff, that the franchisor is responsible for the franchisees’ staff (under theories of apparent agency, ostensible agency, or actual agency), or otherwise.

The disclosures in the risk factor under the heading “We conduct business in a heavily regulated industry and, if we fail to comply with these laws and government regulations, we could incur penalties or be required to make significant changes to our operations” have been updated below, including a disclosure addressing a state court decision limiting the scope of chiropractic practice in Texas.

The healthcare industry is heavily regulated and closely scrutinized by federal, state and local governments. Comprehensive statutes and regulations govern the manner in which we provide and bill for services, our contractual relationships with our chiropractors, patients, franchise owners (and their contractual relationships) and vendors, our marketing activities and other aspects of our operations. Failure to comply with these laws can result in civil and criminal penalties such as fines, damages, overpayment recoupment, loss of enrollment status or exclusion from government healthcare programs. The risk of our being found in violation of these laws and regulations is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are sometimes open to multiple interpretations. Any action against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our managements’ attention from the operation of our business.

The chiropractors who work in our system are also subject to ethical guidelines and operating standards of professional and trade associations and private accreditation agencies. Compliance with these guidelines and standards is often required by our contracts with our chiropractors, patients and franchise owners (and their contractual relationships) or to maintain our reputation. The laws, regulations and standards governing the provision of healthcare services may change significantly in the future. New or changed healthcare laws, regulations or standards may materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, a review of our business by judicial, law enforcement, regulatory or accreditation authorities could result in a determination that could adversely affect our operations.

In Texas, the state appellate court upheld a 2016 decision by a Texas district court in favor of the Texas Medical Association against the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners. The district court ruled that Texas chiropractors are prohibited from the diagnosis and treatment of all conditions that are considered “neurological.” It is possible that any such prohibition could reduce the number of conditions that are customarily treated in mainstream chiropractic offices in Texas, including in our affiliated clinics, although we believe this outcome to be unlikely. The Texas district court decision is currently under review by the Texas Supreme Court, and a ruling by the Texas Supreme Court upholding the lower court’s broader prohibitions could materially and adversely impact our revenue in Texas if such prohibitions were to be interpreted and implemented by Texas regulatory authorities in the broadest possible manner.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Document
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 333-198860) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2014)
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of The Joint Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.(II)1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-36724) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2018)
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (filed herewith).
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (filed herewith).
32**	Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File. The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith, not filed

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THE JOINT CORP.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	THE JOINT CORP.
Dated: November 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Peter D. Holt
		Peter D. Holt President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: November 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Jake Singleton
		Jake Singleton Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

43

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15a-14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

I, Peter D. Holt, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 of The Joint Corp.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2020

/s/ Peter D. Holt

Peter D. Holt
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15a-14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

I, Jake Singleton, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 of The Joint Corp.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2020

/s/ Jake Singleton

Jake Singleton
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The Joint Corp. (the “Company”), for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned hereby certifies, in his or her capacity as an officer of the Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to his knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Peter D. Holt
	Peter D. Holt President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated November 6, 2020

By:	/s/ Jake Singleton
	Jake Singleton Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Dated November 6, 2020

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Nov. 03, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36724
Entity Registrant Name	Joint Corp
Entity Central Index Key	0001612630
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	90-0544160
Entity Address, Address Line One	16767 N. Perimeter Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 110
Entity Address, City or Town	Scottsdale
Entity Address, State or Province	AZ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	85260
City Area Code	480
Local Phone Number	245-5960
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share
Trading Symbol	JYNT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		14,041,146

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,305,526	$ 8,455,989
Restricted cash	140,400	185,888
Accounts receivable, net	1,813,684	2,645,085
Notes receivable, net	10,326	128,724
Deferred franchise and regional development costs, current portion	828,842	765,508
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	921,559	1,122,478
Total current assets	22,020,337	13,303,672
Property and equipment, net	8,014,676	6,581,588
Operating lease right-of-use asset	11,555,086	12,486,672
Deferred franchise and regional development costs, net of current portion	3,757,799	3,627,225
Intangible assets, net	2,160,944	3,219,791
Goodwill	4,150,461	4,150,461
Deposits and other assets	393,508	336,258
Total assets	52,052,811	43,705,667
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,239,522	1,525,838
Accrued expenses	894,122	216,814
Co-op funds liability	140,400	185,889
Payroll liabilities	2,584,487	2,844,107
Operating lease liability, current portion	2,756,838	2,313,109
Finance lease liability, current portion	69,380	24,253
Deferred franchise and regional developer fee revenue, current portion	2,813,515	2,740,954
Deferred revenue from company clinics	3,228,368	3,196,664
Debt under the Paycheck Protection Program, current portion	1,656,292	0
Other current liabilities	545,834	518,686
Total current liabilities	15,928,758	13,566,314
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	10,798,802	11,901,040
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	150,524	34,398
Debt under the Credit Agreement and Paycheck Protection Program, net of current portion	3,071,678	0
Deferred franchise and regional developer fee revenue, net of current portion	12,581,885	12,366,322
Deferred tax liability	72,841	89,863
Other liabilities	27,230	27,230
Total liabilities	42,631,718	37,985,167
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized, 0 issued and outstanding, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 14,073,244 shares issued and 14,057,201 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 13,898,694 shares issued and 13,882,932 outstanding as of December 31, 2019	14,073	13,899
Additional paid-in capital	40,625,128	39,454,937
Treasury stock 16,043 shares as of September 30, 2020 and 15,762 shares as of December 31, 2019, at cost	(115,303)	(111,041)
Accumulated deficit	(31,102,905)	(33,637,395)
Total The Joint Corp. stockholders' equity	9,420,993	5,720,400
Non-controlling Interest	100	100
Total equity	9,421,093	5,720,500
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 52,052,811	$ 43,705,667

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Series A preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Series A preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000	50,000
Series A preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Series A preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	14,073,244	13,898,694
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	14,057,201	13,882,932
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	16,043	15,762

XML

Condensed Consolidated Income Statements - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 15,410,553	$ 12,726,377	$ 41,644,832	$ 34,575,732
Cost of Revenue [Abstract]
Cost of revenues	1,712,246	1,426,869	4,566,042	3,931,958
Selling and marketing expenses	1,845,601	1,793,229	5,684,556	5,068,585
Depreciation and amortization	714,288	538,372	2,061,937	1,308,515
General and administrative expenses	9,433,062	8,297,680	26,668,420	22,078,244
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	11,992,951	10,629,281	34,414,913	28,455,344
Net (gain) loss on disposition or impairment	0	29,848	(53,413)	116,775
Income from operations	1,705,356	640,379	2,717,290	2,071,655
Other (expense) income:
Bargain purchase gain	0	0	0	19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)	(16,697)	(55,248)	(43,469)
Total other expense	(25,667)	(16,697)	(55,248)	(24,171)
Income before income tax expense	1,679,689	623,682	2,662,042	2,047,484
Income tax expense	75,730	6,702	127,551	15,597
Net income and comprehensive income	1,603,959	616,980	2,534,491	2,031,887
Less: income attributable to the non-controlling interest	0	0	0	0
Net income attributable to The Joint Corp. stockholders	$ 1,603,959	$ 616,980	$ 2,534,491	$ 2,031,887
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ 0.15
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ 0.04	$ 0.17	$ 0.14
Basic weighted average shares (in shares)	14,033,535	13,846,045	13,968,635	13,798,593
Diluted weighted average shares (in shares)	14,593,107	14,526,538	14,523,329	14,442,203
Revenues from company-owned or managed clinics
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 8,403,844	$ 6,829,576	$ 22,554,946	$ 18,245,940
Royalty fees
Revenues:
Revenues	4,170,692	3,447,270	11,157,575	9,737,616
Franchise fees/Franchise and regional development cost of revenues
Revenues:
Revenues	519,131	541,339	1,555,846	1,405,678
Cost of Revenue [Abstract]
Cost of revenues	1,588,707	1,318,966	4,281,389	3,634,397
Advertising fund revenue
Revenues:
Revenues	1,187,666	978,209	3,176,080	2,797,576
Software fees/IT cost of revenues
Revenues:
Revenues	688,046	514,350	1,964,968	1,256,711
Cost of Revenue [Abstract]
Cost of revenues	123,539	107,903	284,653	297,561
Regional developer fees
Revenues:
Revenues	222,908	210,233	643,974	594,615
Other revenues
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 218,266	$ 205,400	$ 591,443	$ 537,596

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid In Capital	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Total The Joint Corp. stockholders' equity	Non-controlling interest
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 727,601	$ 13,757	$ 38,189,251	$ (90,856)	$ (37,384,651)	$ 727,501	$ 100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		13,757,200		(14,670)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	171,771		171,771			171,771
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		42,804
Exercise of stock options	220,244	$ 43	220,201			220,244
Net income	952,646				952,646	952,646
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	2,072,262	$ 13,800	38,581,223	$ (90,856)	(36,432,005)	2,072,162	100
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		13,800,004		(14,670)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	727,601	$ 13,757	38,189,251	$ (90,856)	(37,384,651)	727,501	100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		13,757,200		(14,670)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,031,887
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	3,803,808	$ 13,895	39,253,617	$ (111,040)	(35,352,764)	3,803,708	100
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		13,894,621		(15,762)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	2,072,262	$ 13,800	38,581,223	$ (90,856)	(36,432,005)	2,072,162	100
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		13,800,004		(14,670)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	178,953		178,953			178,953
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		33,012
Issuance of restricted stock	0	$ 33	(33)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		5,000
Exercise of stock options	19,400	$ 5	19,395			19,400
Net income	462,261				462,261	462,261
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	2,732,876	$ 13,838	38,779,538	$ (90,856)	(35,969,744)	2,732,776	100
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		13,838,016		(14,670)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	186,020		186,020			186,020
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		5,277
Issuance of restricted stock	0	$ 5	(5)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		51,328
Exercise of stock options	288,116	$ 52	288,064			288,116
Purchase of treasury stock under employee stock plans (in shares)				1,092
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	(20,184)			$ (20,184)		(20,184)
Net income	616,980				616,980	616,980
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	3,803,808	$ 13,895	39,253,617	$ (111,040)	(35,352,764)	3,803,708	100
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		13,894,621		(15,762)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	5,720,500	$ 13,899	39,454,937	$ (111,041)	(33,637,395)	5,720,400	100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		13,898,694		(15,762)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	250,392		250,392			250,392
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		15,578
Issuance of restricted stock	0	$ 16	(16)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		35,500
Exercise of stock options	140,899	$ 35	140,864			140,899
Purchase of treasury stock under employee stock plans (in shares)				251
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	(3,774)			$ (3,774)		(3,774)
Net income	814,947				814,947	814,947
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	6,922,964	$ 13,950	39,846,177	$ (114,815)	(32,822,448)	6,922,864	100
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		13,949,772		(16,013)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	5,720,500	$ 13,899	39,454,937	$ (111,041)	(33,637,395)	5,720,400	100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		13,898,694		(15,762)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,534,491
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	9,421,093	$ 14,073	40,625,128	$ (115,303)	(31,102,905)	9,420,993	100
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		14,073,244		(16,043)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	6,922,964	$ 13,950	39,846,177	$ (114,815)	(32,822,448)	6,922,864	100
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		13,949,772		(16,013)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	216,081		216,081			216,081
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		30,882
Issuance of restricted stock	0	$ 31	(31)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		62,200
Exercise of stock options	247,021	$ 62	246,959			247,021
Net income	115,584				115,584	115,584
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	7,501,650	$ 14,043	40,309,186	$ (114,815)	(32,706,864)	7,501,550	100
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		14,042,854		(16,013)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	212,234		212,234			212,234
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		4,281
Issuance of restricted stock	0	$ 4	(4)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		26,109
Exercise of stock options	103,738	$ 26	103,712			103,738
Purchase of treasury stock under employee stock plans (in shares)				30
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	(488)			$ (488)		(488)
Net income	1,603,959				1,603,959	1,603,959
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	$ 9,421,093	$ 14,073	$ 40,625,128	$ (115,303)	$ (31,102,905)	$ 9,420,993	$ 100
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		14,073,244		(16,043)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 2,534,491	$ 2,031,887
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,061,937	1,308,515
Loss on disposition or impairment	1,193	116,775
Net franchise fees recognized upon termination of franchise agreements	(54,174)	(89,007)
Bargain purchase gain	0	(19,298)
Deferred income taxes	(17,022)	(1,449)
Stock based compensation expense	678,706	536,744
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	831,401	(533,149)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	200,919	(172,845)
Deferred franchise costs	(247,127)	(884,895)
Deposits and other assets	(4,602)	425,851
Accounts payable	(379,342)	223,210
Accrued expenses	677,308	(48,637)
Payroll liabilities	(259,620)	(75,122)
Deferred revenue	417,221	2,148,195
Other, net	466,156	(261,567)
Net cash provided by operating activities	6,907,445	4,705,208
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	0	(3,072,332)
Purchase of property and equipment	(2,344,344)	(2,312,257)
Reacquisition and termination of regional developer rights	0	(681,500)
Payments received on notes receivable	118,398	110,605
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,225,946)	(5,955,484)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligation	(40,168)	(16,259)
Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans	(4,262)	(20,184)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	491,658	527,760
Proceeds from the Credit Agreement, net of related fees	1,947,352	0
Proceeds from the Paycheck Protection Program	2,727,970	0
Repayments on notes payable	0	(100,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,122,550	391,317
Increase (decrease) in cash	9,804,049	(858,959)
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period	8,641,877	8,854,952
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$ 18,445,926	$ 7,995,993

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Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Activity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for income taxes was $167,620 and $34,396, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for interest was $31,458 and $75,000, respectively.

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity:

As of September 30, 2020, accounts payable include property and equipment purchases of $93,026. As of September 30, 2019, accounts payable and accrued expenses include property and equipment purchases of $206,201 and $103,136, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, accounts payable and accrued expenses include property and equipment purchases of $196,671, and $15,250, respectively.

In connection with the acquisition of franchised clinics during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company acquired $149,542 of property and equipment and intangible assets of $1,989,169, in exchange for $3,072,332 in cash to the sellers. Additionally, at the time of these transactions, the Company carried net deferred revenue of $36,695, representing net franchise fees collected upon the execution of the franchise agreement. The Company netted this amount against the purchase price of the acquisitions.

In connection with the Company’s reacquisition and termination of regional developer rights during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had deferred revenue of $44,334 representing license fees collected upon the execution of the regional developer agreements.  The Company netted these amounts against the aggregate purchase price of the acquisitions.

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited financial statements represent the condensed consolidated financial statements of The Joint Corp. (“The Joint”), its variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with The Joint Corp. and Subsidiary and Affiliates consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as set forth in The Joint’s Form 10-K, which included all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of expected operating results for the full year. The information presented throughout the document as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is unaudited.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and other (expenses) income that are reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As a result, actual results may be different from these estimates. For a discussion of significant estimates and judgments made in recognizing revenue and accounting for leases, see Note 2, Revenue Disclosures and Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Joint and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC, which was dormant for all periods presented. The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidations

(“ASC 810”). Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in VIEs. All significant inter-affiliate accounts and transactions between The Joint and its VIEs have been eliminated in consolidation.

Comprehensive Income

Net income and comprehensive income are the same for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Nature of Operations

The Joint, a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 10, 2010 for the principal purpose of franchising, developing and managing chiropractic clinics, selling regional developer rights and supporting the operations of franchised chiropractic clinics at locations throughout the United States of America. The franchising of chiropractic clinics is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and various state authorities.

The following table summarizes the number of clinics in operation under franchise agreements and as company-owned or managed clinics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Franchised clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	477	417	453	394
Opened during the period	21	21	49	47
Sold during the period	—	(6)	—	(7)
Closed during the period	(1)	(2)	(5)	(4)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	497	430	497	430
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Company-owned or managed clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	62	51	60	48
Opened during the period	1	1	3	4
Acquired during the period	—	6	—	7
Closed during the period	—	—	—	(1)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	63	58	63	58
Total clinics in operation at the end of the period	560	488	560	488
Clinic licenses sold but not yet developed	178	179	178	179
Future clinic licenses under executed letters of intent	40	29	40	29

Variable Interest Entities

An entity deemed to hold the controlling interest in a voting interest entity or deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE in its financial statements. An entity is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb the majority of losses of the VIE or the right to receive the majority of benefits from the VIE.

Certain states in which the Company manages clinics regulate the practice of chiropractic care and require that chiropractic services be provided by legal entities organized under state laws as professional corporations or PCs. In these states, the Company has entered into management services agreements with PCs under which the Company provides, on an exclusive basis, all non-clinical services of the chiropractic practice. Such PCs are VIEs, as fees paid by the PCs to the Company as its management service provider are considered variable interests because they are liabilities on the PC’s books and the fees do not meet all the following criteria: 1) The fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to

provide those services; 2) The decision maker or service provider does not hold other interests in the VIE that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected residual returns; 3) The service arrangement includes only terms, conditions, or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The Company assessed the governance structure and operating procedures of the PCs and determined that the Company has the power to control certain significant non-clinical activities of the PCs, as defined by ASC 810, therefore, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and per ASC 810, must consolidate the VIEs. The carrying amount of VIE assets and liabilities are immaterial as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. As of the balance sheet date and periodically throughout the period, the Company has maintained balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has invested substantially all its cash in short-term bank deposits. The Company had no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash relates to cash that franchisees and company-owned or managed clinics contribute to the Company’s National Marketing Fund and cash that franchisees provide to various voluntary regional Co-Op Marketing Funds. Cash contributed by franchisees to the National Marketing Fund is to be used in accordance with the Company’s Franchise Disclosure Document with a focus on regional and national marketing and advertising. 

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily represent amounts due from franchisees for royalty fees. The Company considers a reserve for doubtful accounts based on the creditworthiness of the entity. The provision for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management’s best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on specific identification and historical performance that the Company tracks on an ongoing basis. Actual losses ultimately could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.

Deferred Franchise and Regional Development Costs

Deferred franchise and regional development costs represent commissions that are direct and incremental to the Company and are paid in conjunction with the sale of a franchise license or regional development rights. These costs are recognized as an expense, in franchise and regional development cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise or regional development agreement.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, or for property acquired as part of franchise acquisitions, at fair value at the date of closing. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When items of property or equipment are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income.

Capitalized Software

The Company capitalizes certain software development costs. These capitalized costs are primarily related to software used by clinics for operations and by the Company for the management of operations. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct, are capitalized as assets in progress until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Software developed is recorded as part of property and equipment. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally five years.

Leases

The Company leases property and equipment under operating and finance leases. The Company leases its corporate office space and the space for each of the company-owned or managed clinic in the portfolio. The Company recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability for all leases. Determining the lease term and amount of lease payments to include in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability for leases containing options requires the use of judgment to determine whether the exercise of an option is reasonably certain and if the optional period and payments should be included in the calculation of the associated ROU asset and liability. In making this determination, all relevant economic factors are considered that would compel the Company to exercise or not exercise an option. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments; however, the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for substantially all of its leases. In such cases, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate as the interest rate it would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments over a similar term, with similar collateral as in the lease, and in a similar economic environment. The Company estimates these rates using available evidence such as rates imposed by third-party lenders to the Company in recent financings or observable risk-free interest rate and credit spreads for commercial debt of a similar duration, with credit spreads correlating to the Company’s estimated creditworthiness.

For operating leases that include rent holidays and rent escalation clauses, the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the date it takes possession of the leased property. Pre-opening costs are recorded as incurred in general and administrative expenses. The Company records the straight-line lease expense and any contingent rent, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements. Many of the Company’s leases also require it to pay real estate taxes, common area maintenance costs and other occupancy costs which are also included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of re-acquired franchise and regional developer rights and customer relationships.  The Company amortizes the fair value of re-acquired franchise rights over the remaining contractual terms of the re-acquired franchise rights at the time of the acquisition, which generally range from three to eight years. In the case of regional developer rights, the Company generally amortizes the re-acquired regional developer rights over seven years. The fair value of customer relationships is amortized over their estimated useful life of two years.

Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in the acquisitions of franchises. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually and more frequently if a triggering event occurs that makes it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below carrying value. As required, the Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if a triggering event occurs.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment loss will instead be measured at the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the recorded amount of goodwill. The provision of this ASU is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, with early adoption permitted for any impairment test performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU provision on January 1, 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company's projected cash flows, the Company tested goodwill for impairment at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020. No impairments of goodwill were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company looks primarily to estimated undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets are recoverable. As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Company evaluated whether the carrying values of the long-lived assets in certain corporate clinics were recoverable at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020. No impairments of long-lived assets were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Advertising Fund

The Company has established an advertising fund for national/regional marketing and advertising of services offered by its clinics. The monthly marketing fee is 2% of clinic gross sales. The Company segregates the marketing funds collected which are included in restricted cash on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. As amounts are expended from the fund, the Company recognizes a related expense.

Co-Op Marketing Funds

Some franchises have established regional Co-Ops for advertising within their local and regional markets. The Company maintains a custodial relationship under which the Co-Op Marketing Funds collected are segregated and used for the purposes specified by the Co-Ops’ officers. The Co-Op Marketing Funds are included in restricted cash on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily through its company-owned and managed clinics, royalties, franchise fees, advertising fund, and through IT related income and computer software fees.

Revenues from Company-Owned or Managed Clinics.  The Company earns revenues from clinics that it owns and operates or manages throughout the United States.  In those states where the Company owns and operates or manages the clinic, revenues are recognized when services are performed. The Company offers a variety of membership and wellness packages which feature discounted pricing as compared with its single-visit pricing.  Amounts collected in advance for membership and wellness packages are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the service is performed. Any unused visits associated with monthly memberships are recognized on a month-to-month basis. The Company recognizes a contract liability related to the prepaid treatment plans for which the Company has an ongoing performance obligation. The Company recognizes this contract liability, and recognizes revenue, as the patient consumes his or her visits related to the package and the Company transfers its services. Based on a historical lag analysis and an evaluation of legal obligation by jurisdiction, the Company concluded that any remaining contract liability that exists after 12 to 24 months from transaction date will be deemed breakage. Breakage revenue is recognized only at that point, when the likelihood of the patient exercising his or her remaining rights becomes remote.

Royalties and Advertising Fund Revenue. The Company collects royalties, as stipulated in the franchise agreement, equal to 7% of gross sales and a marketing and advertising fee equal to 2% of gross sales. Royalties, including franchisee contributions to advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of clinic sales over the term of the franchise agreement. The franchise agreement royalties, inclusive of advertising fund contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to the Company’s performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchisee clinic level sales occur. Royalties and marketing and advertising fees are collected semi-monthly, two working days after each sales period has ended.

Franchise Fees. The Company requires the entire non-refundable initial franchise fee to be paid upon execution of a franchise agreement, which typically has an initial term of ten years. Initial franchise fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement. The Company’s services under the franchise agreement include: training of franchisees and staff, site selection, construction/vendor management and ongoing operations support. The Company provides no financing to franchisees and offers no guarantees on their behalf. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

Software Fees.  The Company collects a monthly fee for use of its proprietary chiropractic software, computer support, and internet services support. These fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement.

Regional Developer Fees. During 2011, the Company established a regional developer program to engage independent contractors to assist in developing specified geographical regions. Under the historical program, regional developers paid a license

fee for each franchise they received the right to develop within the region. In 2017, the program was revised to grant exclusive geographical territory and establish a minimum development obligation within that defined territory. Regional developer fees paid to the Company are non-refundable and are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreement, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreement. The Company’s services under regional developer agreements include site selection, grand opening support for the clinics, sales support for identification of qualified franchisees, general operational support and marketing support to advertise for ownership opportunities. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the development of the territory and the resulting franchise licenses sold by the regional developer and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation. In addition, regional developers receive fees which are funded by the initial franchise fees collected from franchisees upon the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory and a royalty of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their exclusive geographical territory. Fees related to the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory are initially deferred as deferred franchise costs and are recognized as an expense in franchise cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise agreement. Royalties of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their regions are also recognized as franchise cost of revenues as franchisee clinic level sales occur, which is funded by the 7% royalties collected from the franchisees in their regions. Certain regional developer agreements result in the regional developer acquiring the rights to existing royalty streams from clinics already open in the respective territory. In those instances, the revenue associated from the sale of the royalty stream is recognized over the remaining life of the respective franchise agreements.

The Company entered into two regional developer agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for which it received approximately $541,000. These fees were deferred as of the transaction date and will be recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreements, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreements.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are advertising and marketing expenses incurred by the Company, primarily through advertising funds. The Company expenses production costs of commercial advertising upon first airing and expenses the costs of communicating the advertising in the period in which the advertising occurs. Advertising expenses were $674,402 and $1,931,008 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Advertising expenses were $562,516 and $1,658,428 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. This effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual pre-tax income, permanent tax differences and statutory tax rates. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The differences relate principally to depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of goodwill, accounting for leases, stock-based compensation and treatment of revenue for franchise fees and regional developer fees collected. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequence for those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit or expense from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits and expenses recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company has not identified any material uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses.

With exceptions due to the generation and utilization of net operating losses or credits, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company is no longer subject to federal and state examinations by taxing authorities for tax years before 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares including restricted stock and stock options.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Income	$	1,603,959	$	616,980	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	14,033,535		13,846,045		13,968,635		13,798,593
Effect of dilutive securities:
Unvested restricted stock and stock options	559,572		680,493		554,694		643,610
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	14,593,107		14,526,538		14,523,329		14,442,203
Basic earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.18	$	0.15
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.17	$	0.14

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Weighted average potentially dilutive securities:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Unvested restricted stock	—	—	—	—
Stock options	112,768	2,815	133,194	49,367

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payments by recognizing compensation expense based upon the estimated fair

value of the awards on the date of grant. The Company determines the estimated grant-date fair value of restricted shares using

the closing price on the date of the grant and the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton model.

In order to calculate the fair value of the options, certain assumptions are made regarding the components of the model,

including risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected dividend yield and expected option life. Changes to the assumptions could

cause significant adjustments to the valuation. The Company recognizes compensation costs ratably over the period of service

using the straight-line method. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical and forecasted turnover, which is approximately 5%. 

Retirement Benefit Plan

Employees of the Company are eligible to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan, the Joint Corp. 401(k) Retirement Plan (“401(k) Plan”), under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees may contribute their eligible compensation, not to exceed the annual limits set by the IRS. The 401(k) Plan allows the Company to match participants’ contributions in an amount determined at the sole discretion of the Company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Items subject to significant estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation arrangements, fair value of stock options, useful lives and realizability of long-lived assets, classification of deferred revenue and revenue recognition related to breakage, classification of deferred franchise costs, calculation of ROU assets and liabilities related to leases, realizability of deferred tax assets, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, and purchase price allocations and related valuations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2020, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical

purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. The Company reviewed other newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not applicable to the Company's operations or that no material effect is expected on the Company's financial statements upon future adoption.

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Revenue Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Disclosures

Revenue Disclosures

Company-owned or Managed Clinics

The Company earns revenues from clinics that it owns and operates or manages throughout the United States.  Revenues are recognized when services are performed. The Company offers a variety of membership and wellness packages which feature discounted pricing as compared with its single-visit pricing.  Amounts collected in advance for membership and wellness packages are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the service is performed or in accordance with the Company’s breakage policy as discussed in Note 1, Revenue Recognition.  

Franchising Fees, Royalty Fees, Advertising Fund Revenue, and Software Fees

The Company currently franchises its concept across 32 states. The franchise arrangement is documented in the form of a franchise agreement. The franchise arrangement requires the Company to perform various activities to support the brand that do not directly transfer goods and services to the franchisee, but instead represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of the franchise license. The intellectual property subject to the franchise license is symbolic intellectual property as it does not have significant standalone functionality, and substantially all of the utility is derived from its association with the Company’s past or ongoing activities. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the franchise license is to provide the franchisee with access to the brand’s symbolic intellectual property over the term of the license. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

The transaction price in a standard franchise arrangement primarily consists of (a) initial franchise fees; (b) continuing franchise fees (royalties); (c) advertising fees; and (d) software fees. Since the Company considers the licensing of the franchising right to be a single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price is required.

The Company recognizes the primary components of the transaction price as follows:

•Franchise fees are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement commencing with the execution of the franchise agreement. As these fees are typically received in cash at or near the beginning of the franchise term, the cash received is initially recorded as a contract liability until recognized as revenue over time.

•The Company is entitled to royalties and advertising fees based on a percentage of the franchisee's gross sales as defined in the franchise agreement. Royalty and advertising revenue are recognized when the franchisee's sales occur. Depending on timing within a fiscal period, the recognition of revenue results in either what is considered a contract asset (unbilled receivable) or, once billed, accounts receivable, on the balance sheet.

•The Company is entitled to a software fee, which is charged monthly. The Company recognizes revenue related to software fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement.

In determining the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers, the Company exercises significant judgment with respect to collectability of the amount; however, the timing of recognition does not require significant judgment as it is based on either the franchise term or the reported sales of the franchisee, none of which require estimation. The Company believes its franchising arrangements do not contain a significant financing component.

The Company recognizes advertising fees received under franchise agreements as advertising fund revenue.

Regional Developer Fees

The Company currently utilizes regional developers to assist in the development of the brand across certain geographic territories. The arrangement is documented in the form of a regional developer agreement. The arrangement between the Company and the regional developer requires the Company to perform various activities to support the brand that do not directly transfer goods and services to the regional developer, but instead represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer

of the development rights to the defined geographic region. The intellectual property subject to the development rights is symbolic intellectual property as it does not have significant standalone functionality, and substantially all of the utility is derived from its association with the Company’s past or ongoing activities. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the development rights is to provide the regional developer with access to the brand’s symbolic intellectual property over the term of the agreement. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the development of the territory and the resulting franchise licenses sold by the regional developer and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

The transaction price in a standard regional developer arrangement primarily consists of the initial territory fees. The Company recognizes the regional developer fee as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreement commencing with the execution of the regional developer agreement. As these fees are typically received in cash at or near the beginning of the term of the regional developer agreement, the cash received is initially recorded as a contract liability until recognized as revenue over time.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company believes that the captions contained on the condensed consolidated income statements appropriately reflect the disaggregation of its revenue by major type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Other revenues primarily consist of merchant income associated with credit card transactions.

Rollforward of Contract Liabilities and Contract Assets

Changes in the Company's contract liability for deferred franchise and regional development fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Revenue short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	15,107,276
Recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(2,199,820)
Fees received and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	2,487,944
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	15,395,400

Changes in the Company's contract assets for deferred franchise and regional development costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Franchise and Development Costs short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	4,392,733
Recognized as cost of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(625,066)
Costs incurred and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	818,974
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	4,586,641

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2020:

Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	752,271
2021	2,882,481
2022	2,502,259
2023	2,177,666
2024	1,700,429
Thereafter	5,380,294
Total	$	15,395,400

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Notes Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable

Effective April 29, 2017, the Company entered into a regional developer agreement for certain territories in the state of Florida in exchange for $320,000, of which $187,000 was funded through a promissory note. The note bore interest at 10% per annum for 42 months and required monthly principal and interest payments over 3 years, which began on November 1, 2017 and matured on October 1, 2020. The note was secured by the regional developer rights in the respective territory.

Effective October 10, 2017, the Company entered into a regional developer agreement for certain territories in Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas in exchange for $170,000, of which $135,688 was funded through a promissory note. The note bore interest at 10% per annum for 3 years, required monthly principal and interest payments over 3 years, and matured on October 24, 2020. The note was secured by the regional developer rights in the territory.

Effective April 26, 2019, the Company entered into a promissory note valued at $31,086. The note bears interest at 0% per annum for 3 years and requires monthly principal payments over 3 years, beginning May 15, 2019 and maturing on May 15, 2022.

The outstanding balances of the notes as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $31,413 and $155,810, respectively. The allowance for uncollectible amounts on the outstanding notes as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 were $21,087, and $27,086, respectively. Maturities of notes receivable as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Amount (gross)
2020 (remaining)	$	12,727
2021	9,600
2022	9,086
Total	$	31,413

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Office and computer equipment	$	2,128,697	$	1,594,364
Leasehold improvements	8,219,767		7,154,156
Software developed	1,193,007		1,193,007
Finance lease assets	282,027		80,604
	11,823,498		10,022,131
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,635,220)		(5,671,366)
	5,188,278		4,350,765
Construction in progress	2,826,398		2,230,823
Property and equipment, net	$	8,014,676	$	6,581,588

Depreciation expense was $344,324 and $195,304 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Depreciation expense was $954,065 and $595,719 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Amortization expense related to finance lease assets was $18,850 and $6,169 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense related to finance lease assets was $49,024 and $18,506 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Construction in progress at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 principally relate to development costs for software to be used by clinics for operations and by the Company for the management of operations.

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Fair Value Consideration

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Consideration

Fair Value Consideration

The Company’s financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and loan payable. The carrying amounts of its financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. 

The Company does not use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to cash-flow, market or foreign-currency risks.

Authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on reliability of the inputs as follows:

Level 1:    Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:    Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3:    Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any financial instruments that were measured on a recurring basis as Level 1, 2 or 3.

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following:

	As of September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,930,669)	$	1,315,825
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(1,062,846)		193,129
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,398,491)		651,990
	$	6,552,950	$	(4,392,006)	$	2,160,944

	As of December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,400,086)	$	1,846,408
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(865,478)		390,497
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,067,595)		982,886
	$	6,552,950	$	(3,333,159)	$	3,219,791

Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible assets was $351,114 and $1,058,848 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible assets was $336,899 and $694,290 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for 2020 and subsequent years is as follows:

	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	351,115
2021	1,212,703
2022	539,750
2023	57,376
Total	$	2,160,944

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Credit Agreement

On February 28, 2020, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., individually, and as Administrative Agent and Issuing Bank (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Lender”). The Credit Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) in the amount of $7,500,000, including a $2,000,000 revolver (the “Revolver”) and $5,500,000 development line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). The Revolver includes amounts available for letters of credit of up to $1,000,000 and an uncommitted additional amount of $2,500,000. All outstanding principal and interest on the Revolver are due on February 28, 2022. Principal and interest outstanding on the Line of Credit at the end of the first year are converted to a term loan payable in 36 monthly payments with a final maturity date of March 31, 2024. Principal amounts on the Line of Credit borrowed during the second year plus interest thereon which are outstanding at the end of the second year are converted to a second term loan payable in 36 monthly payments with a final maturity date of March 31, 2025. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is a one-, three- or six-month reserve adjusted Eurocurrency rate plus 2.00% or, at the election of the Company, an alternative base rate, plus 1.00%. The alternative base rate is the greatest of the prime rate, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York rate plus 0.50% and the one-month reserve adjusted Eurocurrency plus 1.00%. Unused portions of the Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to 0.25% per annum. If the current Eurocurrency rate is no longer available or representative, the loan agreement provides a mechanism for replacing that benchmark rate. The Credit Facilities are pre-payable at any time without penalty, other than customary breakage fees, and any voluntary repayments made by the Company would reduce the future required repayment amounts.

The Credit Facilities contain customary events of default, including but not limited to nonpayment; material inaccuracy of representations and warranties; violations of covenants; certain bankruptcies and liquidations; cross-default to material indebtedness; certain material judgments; and certain fundamental changes such as a merger or sale of substantially all assets (as further defined in the Credit Facilities). The Credit Facilities require the Company to comply with customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, including minimum interest coverage and maximum net leverage. A breach of any of these operating or financial covenants would result in a default under the Credit Facilities. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts then outstanding, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. The Credit Facilities are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including the assets in the Company’s company-owned or managed clinics. The Company intends to use the Revolver for general working capital needs and the Line of Credit for acquiring and developing new chiropractic clinics.

On March 18, 2020, the Company drew down $2,000,000 under the Revolver as a precautionary measure in order to further strengthen its cash position and provide financial flexibility in light of the current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable financial and non-financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

On April 10, 2020, the Company received a loan in the amount of approximately $2.7 million from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Loan”), pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business

Administration (the “SBA”). The PPP is part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “Cares Act”), which provides for forgiveness of up to the full principal amount and accrued interest of qualifying loans guaranteed under the PPP.

The Loan was granted pursuant to a Note dated April 9, 2020 issued by the Company. The Note matures on April 11, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are payable monthly in equal installments through the maturity date, commencing on November 9, 2020, unless forgiven as described below. The Note may be prepaid at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Loan proceeds may be used only for the Company’s eligible payroll costs (with salary capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee), rent, and utilities, in each case paid by December 31, 2020. However, at least 60 percent of the Loan proceeds must be used for eligible payroll costs. In general, a PPP loan is fully forgiven if (1) proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest on certain mortgage obligations, rent, and utilities that are paid or incurred during the 24-week period following the Loan disbursement (the “covered period”) and (2) full-time employee headcount and salaries are either maintained during the covered period or restored by December 31, 2020. However, the Company intends to elect to use an alternative definition of covered period consisting of only 8 weeks following Loan disbursement, as permitted for loans that were received prior to June 5, 2020. If headcount and salaries are not so maintained during the covered period or restored by December 31, 2020, forgiveness of the Loan will be reduced in accordance with the regulations issued by the SBA. The Company will carefully monitor all qualifying expenses and other requirements necessary to maximize loan forgiveness. However, all PPP loans in excess of $2 million will be subject to review by SBA for compliance with program requirements set forth in the PPP Interim Final Rules and in the Borrower Application Form. There is no guarantee that the Loan will be forgiven by the SBA.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation 

The Company grants stock-based awards under its 2014 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2014 Plan”) and the 2012 Stock Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2014 Plan replaced the 2012 Plan, but the 2012 Plan remains in effect for the administration of awards made prior to its replacement by the 2014 Plan. The shares issued as a result of stock-based compensation transactions generally have been funded with the issuance of new shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company may grant the following types of incentive awards under the 2014 Plan: (i) non-qualified stock options; (ii) incentive stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock; and (v) restricted stock units. Each award granted under the 2014 Plan is subject to an award agreement that incorporates, as applicable, the exercise price, the term of the award, the periods of restriction, the number of shares to which the award pertains, and such other terms and conditions as the plan committee determines. Awards granted under the 2014 Plan are classified as equity awards, which are recorded in stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Stock Options

The Company stock closing price on the date of grant is the basis of fair value of its common stock used in determining the value of share-based awards. To the extent the value of the Company’s share-based awards involves a measure of volatility, the Company historically relied on the volatilities from publicly-traded companies with similar business models, as its common stock lacked enough trading history for it to utilize its own historical volatility. Effective July 1, 2019, the Company uses available historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period of time corresponding to the expected stock option term. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term of stock option grants to employees as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term of stock options granted to employees. Accordingly, the expected life of the options granted is based on the average of the vesting term, which is generally four years and the contractual term, which is generally ten years. The Company will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of utilizing such method. The risk-free interest rate is based on United States Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant for periods corresponding to the expected stock option term.

The Company has computed the fair value of all options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton model during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, using the following assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020	2019
Expected volatility	53% to 58%	35% to 55%
Expected dividends	None	None
Expected term (years)	7	7
Risk-free rate	0.42% to 1.65%	1.89% to 2.61%

The information below summarizes the stock options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	949,245	$	5.19	6.5
Granted	111,158	14.76
Exercised	(123,809)	3.97
Cancelled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	936,594	$	6.49	6.7
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	633,967	$	4.68	5.9

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $122,922 and $398,582, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $110,367 and $307,017, respectively.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stocks granted to employees generally vest in four equal annual installments. Restricted stocks granted to non-employee directors vest on the earlier of (i) one year from the grant date and (ii) the date of the next annual meeting of the shareholders of the Company occurring after the date of grant.

The information below summarizes the restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Restricted Stock Awards	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award
Non-vested at December 31, 2019	38,976	$	12.31
Granted	28,680	14.92
Vested	(22,061)	13.99
Cancelled	—	—
Non-vested at September 30, 2020	45,595	$	13.13

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock was $89,312 and $280,124, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock was $75,653 and $229,727, respectively.

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Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income TaxesDuring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 Company recorded income tax expense of $75,730 and $127,551, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded income tax expense of $6,702 and $15,597, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate due to permanent differences, state taxes and changes in the valuation allowance.The CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020, which, may benefit the Company. The Company will continue to assess the income tax effect of the CARES Act and ongoing government guidance related to COVID-19 that may be issued.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The table below summarizes the components of lease expense and income statement location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Line Item in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of assets	Depreciation and amortization	$	18,850	$	6,169	$	49,024	$	18,506
Interest on lease liabilities	Other expense, net	3,066		1,642		8,779		5,331
Total finance lease costs		21,916		7,811		57,803		23,837
Operating lease costs	General and administrative expenses	891,603		855,962		2,659,569		2,292,191
Total lease costs		$	913,519	$	863,773	$	2,717,372	$	2,316,028

Supplemental information and balance sheet location related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of -use asset	$	11,555,086		$	12,486,672
Operating lease liability - current portion	$	2,756,838		$	2,313,109
Operating lease liability - net of current portion	10,798,802			11,901,040
Total operating lease liability	$	13,555,640		$	14,214,149
Finance Leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$	282,027		$	80,604
Less accumulated amortization	(73,698)			(24,675)
Property and equipment, net	$	208,329		$	55,929
Finance lease liability - current portion	69,380			24,253
Finance lease liability - net of current portion	150,524			34,398
Total finance lease liabilities	$	219,904		$	58,651
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases	4.8			5.4
Finance lease	4.2			2.3
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	8.5		%	8.7		%
Finance leases	5.4		%	10.0		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,517,613	$	2,233,149
Operating cash flows from finance leases	8,779		5,331
Financing cash flows from finance leases	40,168		16,259
Non-cash transactions: ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating lease	$	919,607	$	4,501,092
Finance lease	201,423		80,604

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Lease
2020 (remainder)	$	943,468	$	19,725
2021	3,768,378		78,900
2022	3,652,919		48,975
2023	2,950,447		27,600
2024	2,332,736		27,600
Thereafter	2,860,814		39,100
Total lease payments	$	16,508,762	$	241,900
Less: Imputed interest	(2,953,122)		(21,996)
Total lease obligations	13,555,640		219,904
Less: Current obligations	(2,756,838)		(69,380)
Long-term lease obligation	$	10,798,802	$	150,524

Litigation

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to litigation from time to time. The Company maintains insurance to cover certain actions and believes that resolution of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

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Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and is reviewed regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. The Company has identified its CODM as the Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has two operating business segments and one non-operating business segment. The Corporate Clinics segment is composed of the operating activities of the company-owned or managed clinics. As of September 30, 2020, the Company operated or managed 63 clinics under this segment. The Franchise Operations segment is composed of the operating activities of the franchise business unit. As of September 30, 2020, the franchise system consisted of 497 clinics in operation. The Corporate segment is a non-operating segment that develops and implements strategic initiatives and supports the Company’s two operating business segments by centralizing key administrative functions such as finance and treasury, information technology, insurance and risk management, legal and human resources. The Corporate segment also provides the necessary administrative functions to support the Company as a publicly-traded company. A portion of the expenses incurred by the Corporate segment are allocated to the operating segments.

The tables below present financial information for the Company’s two operating business segments.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Revenues:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Corporate clinics	$	8,403,844	$	6,829,576	$	22,554,946	$	18,245,940
Franchise operations	7,006,709		5,896,801		19,089,886		16,329,792
Total revenues	$	15,410,553	$	12,726,377	$	41,644,832	$	34,575,732
Depreciation and amortization:
Corporate clinics	636,734		489,623		1,828,643		1,155,779
Franchise operations	342		342		1,027		799
Corporate administration	77,212		48,407		232,267		151,937
Total depreciation and amortization	$	714,288	$	538,372	$	2,061,937	$	1,308,515
Segment operating income:
Corporate clinics	$	1,313,717	$	821,228	$	2,662,643	$	2,225,252
Franchise operations	3,404,723		2,874,609		8,778,537		7,894,934
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Reconciliation of total segment operating income to consolidated earnings before income taxes:
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Unallocated corporate	(3,013,084)		(3,055,458)		(8,723,890)		(8,048,531)
Consolidated income from operations	1,705,356		640,379		2,717,290		2,071,655
Bargain purchase gain	—		—		—		19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)		(16,697)		(55,248)		(43,469)
Income before income tax expense	$	1,679,689	$	623,682	$	2,662,042	$	2,047,484

Segment assets:	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Corporate clinics	$	23,294,320	$	25,389,147
Franchise operations	8,502,811		7,466,629
Total segment assets	31,797,131		32,855,776
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,445,926		8,641,877
Unallocated property and equipment	1,122,063		996,385
Other unallocated assets	687,691		1,211,629
Total assets	$	52,052,811	$	43,705,667

“Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash” relates primarily to corporate cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (see Note 1), “unallocated property and equipment” relates primarily to corporate fixed assets, and “other unallocated assets” relates primarily to deposits, prepaid and other assets. Certain unallocated property and equipment balances were reclassified

to Corporate clinics and Franchise operations segments as of December 31, 2019 to conform to the current year presentation.

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited financial statements represent the condensed consolidated financial statements of The Joint Corp. (“The Joint”), its variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with The Joint Corp. and Subsidiary and Affiliates consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as set forth in The Joint’s Form 10-K, which included all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of expected operating results for the full year. The information presented throughout the document as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is unaudited.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and other (expenses) income that are reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As a result, actual results may be different from these estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Joint and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Joint Corporate Unit No. 1, LLC, which was dormant for all periods presented. The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidations

(“ASC 810”). Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in VIEs. All significant inter-affiliate accounts and transactions between The Joint and its VIEs have been eliminated in consolidation.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Net income and comprehensive income are the same for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations

The Joint, a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 10, 2010 for the principal purpose of franchising, developing and managing chiropractic clinics, selling regional developer rights and supporting the operations of franchised chiropractic clinics at locations throughout the United States of America. The franchising of chiropractic clinics is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and various state authorities.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

An entity deemed to hold the controlling interest in a voting interest entity or deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE in its financial statements. An entity is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb the majority of losses of the VIE or the right to receive the majority of benefits from the VIE.

Certain states in which the Company manages clinics regulate the practice of chiropractic care and require that chiropractic services be provided by legal entities organized under state laws as professional corporations or PCs. In these states, the Company has entered into management services agreements with PCs under which the Company provides, on an exclusive basis, all non-clinical services of the chiropractic practice. Such PCs are VIEs, as fees paid by the PCs to the Company as its management service provider are considered variable interests because they are liabilities on the PC’s books and the fees do not meet all the following criteria: 1) The fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to

provide those services; 2) The decision maker or service provider does not hold other interests in the VIE that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected residual returns; 3) The service arrangement includes only terms, conditions, or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The Company assessed the governance structure and operating procedures of the PCs and determined that the Company has the power to control certain significant non-clinical activities of the PCs, as defined by ASC 810, therefore, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and per ASC 810, must consolidate the VIEs. The carrying amount of VIE assets and liabilities are immaterial as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. As of the balance sheet date and periodically throughout the period, the Company has maintained balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has invested substantially all its cash in short-term bank deposits.

Restricted Cash

Restricted CashRestricted cash relates to cash that franchisees and company-owned or managed clinics contribute to the Company’s National Marketing Fund and cash that franchisees provide to various voluntary regional Co-Op Marketing Funds. Cash contributed by franchisees to the National Marketing Fund is to be used in accordance with the Company’s Franchise Disclosure Document with a focus on regional and national marketing and advertising.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts ReceivableAccounts receivable primarily represent amounts due from franchisees for royalty fees. The Company considers a reserve for doubtful accounts based on the creditworthiness of the entity. The provision for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management’s best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on specific identification and historical performance that the Company tracks on an ongoing basis. Actual losses ultimately could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance.

Deferred Franchise and Regional Development Costs

Deferred Franchise and Regional Development Costs

Deferred franchise and regional development costs represent commissions that are direct and incremental to the Company and are paid in conjunction with the sale of a franchise license or regional development rights. These costs are recognized as an expense, in franchise and regional development cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise or regional development agreement.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, or for property acquired as part of franchise acquisitions, at fair value at the date of closing. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When items of property or equipment are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income.

Capitalized Software

Capitalized Software

The Company capitalizes certain software development costs. These capitalized costs are primarily related to software used by clinics for operations and by the Company for the management of operations. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct, are capitalized as assets in progress until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Software developed is recorded as part of property and equipment. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally five years.

Leases

Leases

The Company leases property and equipment under operating and finance leases. The Company leases its corporate office space and the space for each of the company-owned or managed clinic in the portfolio. The Company recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability for all leases. Determining the lease term and amount of lease payments to include in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability for leases containing options requires the use of judgment to determine whether the exercise of an option is reasonably certain and if the optional period and payments should be included in the calculation of the associated ROU asset and liability. In making this determination, all relevant economic factors are considered that would compel the Company to exercise or not exercise an option. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments; however, the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for substantially all of its leases. In such cases, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate as the interest rate it would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments over a similar term, with similar collateral as in the lease, and in a similar economic environment. The Company estimates these rates using available evidence such as rates imposed by third-party lenders to the Company in recent financings or observable risk-free interest rate and credit spreads for commercial debt of a similar duration, with credit spreads correlating to the Company’s estimated creditworthiness.

For operating leases that include rent holidays and rent escalation clauses, the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the date it takes possession of the leased property. Pre-opening costs are recorded as incurred in general and administrative expenses. The Company records the straight-line lease expense and any contingent rent, if applicable, in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements. Many of the Company’s leases also require it to pay real estate taxes, common area maintenance costs and other occupancy costs which are also included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated income statements.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of re-acquired franchise and regional developer rights and customer relationships.  The Company amortizes the fair value of re-acquired franchise rights over the remaining contractual terms of the re-acquired franchise rights at the time of the acquisition, which generally range from three to eight years. In the case of regional developer rights, the Company generally amortizes the re-acquired regional developer rights over seven years. The fair value of customer relationships is amortized over their estimated useful life of two years.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in the acquisitions of franchises. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually and more frequently if a triggering event occurs that makes it more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below carrying value. As required, the Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if a triggering event occurs.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment loss will instead be measured at the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the recorded amount of goodwill. The provision of this ASU is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, with early adoption permitted for any impairment test performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU provision on January 1, 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company's projected cash flows, the Company tested goodwill for impairment at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company looks primarily to estimated undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets are recoverable. As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Company evaluated whether the carrying values of the long-lived assets in certain corporate clinics were recoverable at the end of the first quarter of 2020. The Company did not identify any triggering event during the third quarter of 2020.

Advertising Fund

Advertising Fund

The Company has established an advertising fund for national/regional marketing and advertising of services offered by its clinics. The monthly marketing fee is 2% of clinic gross sales. The Company segregates the marketing funds collected which are included in restricted cash on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. As amounts are expended from the fund, the Company recognizes a related expense.

Co-Op Marketing Funds

Co-Op Marketing Funds

Some franchises have established regional Co-Ops for advertising within their local and regional markets. The Company maintains a custodial relationship under which the Co-Op Marketing Funds collected are segregated and used for the purposes specified by the Co-Ops’ officers. The Co-Op Marketing Funds are included in restricted cash on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily through its company-owned and managed clinics, royalties, franchise fees, advertising fund, and through IT related income and computer software fees.

Revenues from Company-Owned or Managed Clinics.  The Company earns revenues from clinics that it owns and operates or manages throughout the United States.  In those states where the Company owns and operates or manages the clinic, revenues are recognized when services are performed. The Company offers a variety of membership and wellness packages which feature discounted pricing as compared with its single-visit pricing.  Amounts collected in advance for membership and wellness packages are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the service is performed. Any unused visits associated with monthly memberships are recognized on a month-to-month basis. The Company recognizes a contract liability related to the prepaid treatment plans for which the Company has an ongoing performance obligation. The Company recognizes this contract liability, and recognizes revenue, as the patient consumes his or her visits related to the package and the Company transfers its services. Based on a historical lag analysis and an evaluation of legal obligation by jurisdiction, the Company concluded that any remaining contract liability that exists after 12 to 24 months from transaction date will be deemed breakage. Breakage revenue is recognized only at that point, when the likelihood of the patient exercising his or her remaining rights becomes remote.

Royalties and Advertising Fund Revenue. The Company collects royalties, as stipulated in the franchise agreement, equal to 7% of gross sales and a marketing and advertising fee equal to 2% of gross sales. Royalties, including franchisee contributions to advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of clinic sales over the term of the franchise agreement. The franchise agreement royalties, inclusive of advertising fund contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to the Company’s performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchisee clinic level sales occur. Royalties and marketing and advertising fees are collected semi-monthly, two working days after each sales period has ended.

Franchise Fees. The Company requires the entire non-refundable initial franchise fee to be paid upon execution of a franchise agreement, which typically has an initial term of ten years. Initial franchise fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement. The Company’s services under the franchise agreement include: training of franchisees and staff, site selection, construction/vendor management and ongoing operations support. The Company provides no financing to franchisees and offers no guarantees on their behalf. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

Software Fees.  The Company collects a monthly fee for use of its proprietary chiropractic software, computer support, and internet services support. These fees are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement.

Regional Developer Fees. During 2011, the Company established a regional developer program to engage independent contractors to assist in developing specified geographical regions. Under the historical program, regional developers paid a license

fee for each franchise they received the right to develop within the region. In 2017, the program was revised to grant exclusive geographical territory and establish a minimum development obligation within that defined territory. Regional developer fees paid to the Company are non-refundable and are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreement, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreement. The Company’s services under regional developer agreements include site selection, grand opening support for the clinics, sales support for identification of qualified franchisees, general operational support and marketing support to advertise for ownership opportunities. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the development of the territory and the resulting franchise licenses sold by the regional developer and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation. In addition, regional developers receive fees which are funded by the initial franchise fees collected from franchisees upon the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory and a royalty of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their exclusive geographical territory. Fees related to the sale of franchises within their exclusive geographical territory are initially deferred as deferred franchise costs and are recognized as an expense in franchise cost of revenues when the respective revenue is recognized, which is generally over the term of the related franchise agreement. Royalties of 3% of gross sales generated by franchised clinics in their regions are also recognized as franchise cost of revenues as franchisee clinic level sales occur, which is funded by the 7% royalties collected from the franchisees in their regions. Certain regional developer agreements result in the regional developer acquiring the rights to existing royalty streams from clinics already open in the respective territory. In those instances, the revenue associated from the sale of the royalty stream is recognized over the remaining life of the respective franchise agreements. The Company entered into two regional developer agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for which it received approximately $541,000. These fees were deferred as of the transaction date and will be recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the regional developer agreements, which is considered to begin upon the execution of the agreements.

Advertising Costs

Advertising CostsAdvertising costs are advertising and marketing expenses incurred by the Company, primarily through advertising funds. The Company expenses production costs of commercial advertising upon first airing and expenses the costs of communicating the advertising in the period in which the advertising occurs.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. This effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual pre-tax income, permanent tax differences and statutory tax rates. Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The differences relate principally to depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of goodwill, accounting for leases, stock-based compensation and treatment of revenue for franchise fees and regional developer fees collected. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequence for those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit or expense from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits and expenses recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company has not identified any material uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses.

With exceptions due to the generation and utilization of net operating losses or credits, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company is no longer subject to federal and state examinations by taxing authorities for tax years before 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per Common ShareBasic earnings per common share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares including restricted stock and stock options.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payments by recognizing compensation expense based upon the estimated fair

value of the awards on the date of grant. The Company determines the estimated grant-date fair value of restricted shares using

the closing price on the date of the grant and the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton model.

In order to calculate the fair value of the options, certain assumptions are made regarding the components of the model,

including risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected dividend yield and expected option life. Changes to the assumptions could

cause significant adjustments to the valuation. The Company recognizes compensation costs ratably over the period of service

using the straight-line method. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical and forecasted turnover, which is approximately 5%.

Retirement Benefit Plans

Retirement Benefit Plan

Employees of the Company are eligible to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan, the Joint Corp. 401(k) Retirement Plan (“401(k) Plan”), under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees may contribute their eligible compensation, not to exceed the annual limits set by the IRS. The 401(k) Plan allows the Company to match participants’ contributions in an amount determined at the sole discretion of the Company.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Items subject to significant estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation arrangements, fair value of stock options, useful lives and realizability of long-lived assets, classification of deferred revenue and revenue recognition related to breakage, classification of deferred franchise costs, calculation of ROU assets and liabilities related to leases, realizability of deferred tax assets, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, and purchase price allocations and related valuations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2020, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical

purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. The Company reviewed other newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not applicable to the Company's operations or that no material effect is expected on the Company's financial statements upon future adoption.

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Franchisor Disclosure

The following table summarizes the number of clinics in operation under franchise agreements and as company-owned or managed clinics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Franchised clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	477	417	453	394
Opened during the period	21	21	49	47
Sold during the period	—	(6)	—	(7)
Closed during the period	(1)	(2)	(5)	(4)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	497	430	497	430
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Company-owned or managed clinics:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Clinics open at beginning of period	62	51	60	48
Opened during the period	1	1	3	4
Acquired during the period	—	6	—	7
Closed during the period	—	—	—	(1)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	63	58	63	58
Total clinics in operation at the end of the period	560	488	560	488
Clinic licenses sold but not yet developed	178	179	178	179
Future clinic licenses under executed letters of intent	40	29	40	29

Schedule of Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Income	$	1,603,959	$	616,980	$	2,534,491	$	2,031,887
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	14,033,535		13,846,045		13,968,635		13,798,593
Effect of dilutive securities:
Unvested restricted stock and stock options	559,572		680,493		554,694		643,610
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	14,593,107		14,526,538		14,523,329		14,442,203
Basic earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.18	$	0.15
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.04	$	0.17	$	0.14

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Weighted average potentially dilutive securities:	2020	2019	2020	2019
Unvested restricted stock	—	—	—	—
Stock options	112,768	2,815	133,194	49,367

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Revenue Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

Changes in the Company's contract liability for deferred franchise and regional development fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Revenue short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	15,107,276
Recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(2,199,820)
Fees received and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	2,487,944
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	15,395,400

Changes in the Company's contract assets for deferred franchise and regional development costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

	Deferred Franchise and Development Costs short and long-term
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	4,392,733
Recognized as cost of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	(625,066)
Costs incurred and deferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020	818,974
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	4,586,641

Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2020:

Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	752,271
2021	2,882,481
2022	2,502,259
2023	2,177,666
2024	1,700,429
Thereafter	5,380,294
Total	$	15,395,400

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Notes Receivable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Financing Receivables, Minimum Payments

Maturities of notes receivable as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Amount (gross)
2020 (remaining)	$	12,727
2021	9,600
2022	9,086
Total	$	31,413

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Office and computer equipment	$	2,128,697	$	1,594,364
Leasehold improvements	8,219,767		7,154,156
Software developed	1,193,007		1,193,007
Finance lease assets	282,027		80,604
	11,823,498		10,022,131
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,635,220)		(5,671,366)
	5,188,278		4,350,765
Construction in progress	2,826,398		2,230,823
Property and equipment, net	$	8,014,676	$	6,581,588

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following:

	As of September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,930,669)	$	1,315,825
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(1,062,846)		193,129
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,398,491)		651,990
	$	6,552,950	$	(4,392,006)	$	2,160,944

	As of December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Reacquired franchise rights	$	3,246,494	$	(1,400,086)	$	1,846,408
Customer relationships	1,255,975		(865,478)		390,497
Reacquired development rights	2,050,481		(1,067,595)		982,886
	$	6,552,950	$	(3,333,159)	$	3,219,791

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

Estimated amortization expense for 2020 and subsequent years is as follows:

	Amount
2020 (remainder)	$	351,115
2021	1,212,703
2022	539,750
2023	57,376
Total	$	2,160,944

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The Company has computed the fair value of all options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton model during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, using the following assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020	2019
Expected volatility	53% to 58%	35% to 55%
Expected dividends	None	None
Expected term (years)	7	7
Risk-free rate	0.42% to 1.65%	1.89% to 2.61%

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity

The information below summarizes the stock options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	949,245	$	5.19	6.5
Granted	111,158	14.76
Exercised	(123,809)	3.97
Cancelled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	936,594	$	6.49	6.7
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	633,967	$	4.68	5.9

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity

The information below summarizes the restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Restricted Stock Awards	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award
Non-vested at December 31, 2019	38,976	$	12.31
Granted	28,680	14.92
Vested	(22,061)	13.99
Cancelled	—	—
Non-vested at September 30, 2020	45,595	$	13.13

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Lease, Cost

The table below summarizes the components of lease expense and income statement location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Line Item in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of assets	Depreciation and amortization	$	18,850	$	6,169	$	49,024	$	18,506
Interest on lease liabilities	Other expense, net	3,066		1,642		8,779		5,331
Total finance lease costs		21,916		7,811		57,803		23,837
Operating lease costs	General and administrative expenses	891,603		855,962		2,659,569		2,292,191
Total lease costs		$	913,519	$	863,773	$	2,717,372	$	2,316,028

Assets And Liabilities, Lessee

Supplemental information and balance sheet location related to leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of -use asset	$	11,555,086		$	12,486,672
Operating lease liability - current portion	$	2,756,838		$	2,313,109
Operating lease liability - net of current portion	10,798,802			11,901,040
Total operating lease liability	$	13,555,640		$	14,214,149
Finance Leases:
Property and equipment, at cost	$	282,027		$	80,604
Less accumulated amortization	(73,698)			(24,675)
Property and equipment, net	$	208,329		$	55,929
Finance lease liability - current portion	69,380			24,253
Finance lease liability - net of current portion	150,524			34,398
Total finance lease liabilities	$	219,904		$	58,651
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases	4.8			5.4
Finance lease	4.2			2.3
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	8.5		%	8.7		%
Finance leases	5.4		%	10.0		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,517,613	$	2,233,149
Operating cash flows from finance leases	8,779		5,331
Financing cash flows from finance leases	40,168		16,259
Non-cash transactions: ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating lease	$	919,607	$	4,501,092
Finance lease	201,423		80,604

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Lease
2020 (remainder)	$	943,468	$	19,725
2021	3,768,378		78,900
2022	3,652,919		48,975
2023	2,950,447		27,600
2024	2,332,736		27,600
Thereafter	2,860,814		39,100
Total lease payments	$	16,508,762	$	241,900
Less: Imputed interest	(2,953,122)		(21,996)
Total lease obligations	13,555,640		219,904
Less: Current obligations	(2,756,838)		(69,380)
Long-term lease obligation	$	10,798,802	$	150,524

Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Lease
2020 (remainder)	$	943,468	$	19,725
2021	3,768,378		78,900
2022	3,652,919		48,975
2023	2,950,447		27,600
2024	2,332,736		27,600
Thereafter	2,860,814		39,100
Total lease payments	$	16,508,762	$	241,900
Less: Imputed interest	(2,953,122)		(21,996)
Total lease obligations	13,555,640		219,904
Less: Current obligations	(2,756,838)		(69,380)
Long-term lease obligation	$	10,798,802	$	150,524

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The tables below present financial information for the Company’s two operating business segments.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Revenues:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Corporate clinics	$	8,403,844	$	6,829,576	$	22,554,946	$	18,245,940
Franchise operations	7,006,709		5,896,801		19,089,886		16,329,792
Total revenues	$	15,410,553	$	12,726,377	$	41,644,832	$	34,575,732
Depreciation and amortization:
Corporate clinics	636,734		489,623		1,828,643		1,155,779
Franchise operations	342		342		1,027		799
Corporate administration	77,212		48,407		232,267		151,937
Total depreciation and amortization	$	714,288	$	538,372	$	2,061,937	$	1,308,515
Segment operating income:
Corporate clinics	$	1,313,717	$	821,228	$	2,662,643	$	2,225,252
Franchise operations	3,404,723		2,874,609		8,778,537		7,894,934
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Reconciliation of total segment operating income to consolidated earnings before income taxes:
Total segment operating income	$	4,718,440	$	3,695,837	$	11,441,180	$	10,120,186
Unallocated corporate	(3,013,084)		(3,055,458)		(8,723,890)		(8,048,531)
Consolidated income from operations	1,705,356		640,379		2,717,290		2,071,655
Bargain purchase gain	—		—		—		19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)		(16,697)		(55,248)		(43,469)
Income before income tax expense	$	1,679,689	$	623,682	$	2,662,042	$	2,047,484

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

Segment assets:	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Corporate clinics	$	23,294,320	$	25,389,147
Franchise operations	8,502,811		7,466,629
Total segment assets	31,797,131		32,855,776
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,445,926		8,641,877
Unallocated property and equipment	1,122,063		996,385
Other unallocated assets	687,691		1,211,629
Total assets	$	52,052,811	$	43,705,667

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Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Activity (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Income taxes	$ 167,620	$ 34,396
Interest paid	31,458	75,000
Payment to acquire assets	0	3,072,332
Total consideration	15,395,400		$ 15,107,276
Assets and franchise agreement
Property and equipment acquired		149,542
Intangible assets acquired		1,989,169
Total consideration		36,695
License fees collected upon execution of regional developer agreements
Total consideration		44,334
Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 93,026	206,201	196,671
Property and equipment purchases included in accrued expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		$ 103,136	$ 15,250

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) agreement	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) agreement	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Cash equivalents	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Allowance for doubtful accounts	0		0		0
Impairments of goodwill	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Impairments of long-lived assets	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Marketing fee percentage			2.00%
Percentage of franchise royalty sales			7.00%
Initial term of franchise agreement			10 years
Percentage royalty of sales generated by franchised clinics			3.00%
Number of regional developed agreements | agreement	2		2
Regional developer agreement, amount received	$ 15,395,400		$ 15,395,400		$ 15,107,276
Advertising costs	$ 674,402	$ 562,516	$ 1,931,008	$ 1,658,428
Historical and forecasted turnover, percentage	5.00%		5.00%
Regional Development Agreement
Regional developer agreement, amount received	$ 541,000		$ 541,000
Internal use computer software
Intangible assets, useful life			5 years
Reacquired development rights
Intangible assets, useful life			7 years
Customer relationships
Intangible assets, useful life			2 years
Minimum
Property and equipment, useful life			3 years
Breakage period			12 months
Minimum | Reacquired development rights
Intangible assets, useful life			3 years
Maximum
Property and equipment, useful life			7 years
Breakage period			24 months
Maximum | Reacquired development rights
Intangible assets, useful life			8 years

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Clinics in Operation Under Franchise Agreements or Company-owned or Managed (Details) - clinic	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Franchisor, Number of Clinics [Roll Forward]
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	560	488	560	488
Clinic licenses sold but not yet developed	178	179	178	179
Future clinic licenses under executed letters of intent	40	29	40	29
Franchised clinics
Franchisor, Number of Clinics [Roll Forward]
Clinics open at beginning of period	477	417	453	394
Opened during the period	21	21	49	47
Sold during the period	0	(6)	0	(7)
Closed during the period	(1)	(2)	(5)	(4)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	497	430	497	430
Company-owned or managed clinics
Franchisor, Number of Clinics [Roll Forward]
Clinics open at beginning of period	62	51	60	48
Opened during the period	1	1	3	4
Acquired during the period	0	6	0	7
Closed during the period	0	0	0	(1)
Clinics in operation at the end of the period	63	58	63	58

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Net income	$ 1,603,959	$ 616,980	$ 2,534,491	$ 2,031,887
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	14,033,535	13,846,045	13,968,635	13,798,593
Effect of dilutive securities:
Unvested restricted stock and stock options (in shares)	559,572	680,493	554,694	643,610
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	14,593,107	14,526,538	14,523,329	14,442,203
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ 0.15
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ 0.04	$ 0.17	$ 0.14
Unvested restricted stock
Effect of dilutive securities:
Weighted average potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Stock options
Effect of dilutive securities:
Weighted average potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	112,768	2,815	133,194	49,367

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Revenue Disclosures - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2020 state
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Franchises, number of states	32

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Revenue Disclosures - Changes in Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Balance, beginning	$ 15,107,276
Recognized as revenue during the period	(2,199,820)
Fees received and deferred during the period	2,487,944
Balance, ending	15,395,400
Balance, beginning	4,392,733
Recognized as cost of revenue during the period	(625,066)
Costs incurred and deferred during the period	818,974
Balance, ending	$ 4,586,641

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Revenue Disclosures - Schedule of Contract Liabilities Expected to be Recognized (Details)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 15,395,400
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-10-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 752,271
Revenue expected to be recognized, period	3 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-01-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 2,882,481
Revenue expected to be recognized, period	1 month
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 2,502,259
Revenue expected to be recognized, period	1 month
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 2,177,666
Revenue expected to be recognized, period	1 month
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 1,700,429
Revenue expected to be recognized, period	1 month
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue expected to be recognized, amount	$ 5,380,294
Revenue expected to be recognized, period

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Notes Receivable - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 26, 2019	Oct. 10, 2017	Apr. 29, 2017	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Regional development agreement		$ 170,000	$ 320,000
Promissory note	$ 31,086	$ 135,688	$ 187,000	$ 31,413	$ 155,810
Interest rate on promissory note	0.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Term of promissory note	3 years	3 years	42 months
Term of principal and interest on promissory note	3 years	3 years	3 years
Allowance reserve on outstanding notes				$ 21,087	$ 27,086

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Notes Receivable - Schedule of Minimum Payments Due (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Apr. 26, 2019	Oct. 10, 2017	Apr. 29, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]
2020 (remaining)	$ 12,727
2021	9,600
2022	9,086
Total	$ 31,413	$ 155,810	$ 31,086	$ 135,688	$ 187,000

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Property and Equipment - Summary of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 8,014,676	$ 6,581,588
Construction in progress	2,826,398	2,230,823
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	2,128,697	1,594,364
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,219,767	7,154,156
Software developed
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,193,007	1,193,007
Finance lease assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease assets	282,027	80,604
Property and equipment excluding construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	11,823,498	10,022,131
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,635,220)	(5,671,366)
Property and equipment, net	$ 5,188,278	$ 4,350,765

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Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 344,324	$ 195,304	$ 954,065	$ 595,719
Amortization of assets	$ 18,850	$ 6,169	$ 49,024	$ 18,506

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Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of Intangible assets	$ 351,114	$ 336,899	$ 1,058,848	$ 694,290

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Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Acquired (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,552,950	$ 6,552,950
Accumulated Amortization	(4,392,006)	(3,333,159)
Net Carrying Value	2,160,944	3,219,791
Reacquired franchise rights
Gross Carrying Amount	3,246,494	3,246,494
Accumulated Amortization	(1,930,669)	(1,400,086)
Net Carrying Value	1,315,825	1,846,408
Customer relationships
Gross Carrying Amount	1,255,975	1,255,975
Accumulated Amortization	(1,062,846)	(865,478)
Net Carrying Value	193,129	390,497
Reacquired development rights
Gross Carrying Amount	2,050,481	2,050,481
Accumulated Amortization	(1,398,491)	(1,067,595)
Net Carrying Value	$ 651,990	$ 982,886

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Intangible Assets - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2020 (remainder)	$ 351,115
2021	1,212,703
2022	539,750
2023	57,376
Net Carrying Value	$ 2,160,944	$ 3,219,791

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Debt - Narrative (Details)			9 Months Ended
	Mar. 18, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2020 USD ($) payment	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 10, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 09, 2020
Proceeds from the Credit Agreement, net of related fees			$ 1,947,352	$ 0
PPP Loan | JPMorgan Chase Bank
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 2,700,000
State interest rate percentage						0.98%
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Alternative Eurocurrency Base Rate
Basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Secured Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 7,500,000
Maximum borrowing capacity, additional amount		$ 2,500,000
Number of payments | payment		36
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Secured Debt | Alternative Base Rate
Basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Secured Debt | Eurodollar
Basis spread on variable rate		2.00%
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Secured Debt | Prime Rate
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 2,000,000
Proceeds from the Credit Agreement, net of related fees	$ 2,000,000
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Development Line of Credit
Debt instrument, face amount		5,500,000
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Credit Facilities | Letter of Credit
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,000,000
State interest rate percentage		0.25%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			4 years
Contractual term			10 years
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 122,922	$ 110,367	$ 398,582	$ 307,017
Unvested restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			1 year
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 89,312	$ 75,653	$ 280,124	$ 229,727
Number of installments | installment	4		4

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Stock-Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions of Options Granted (Details) - Stock options	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Expected term (years)	7 years	7 years
Minimum
Expected volatility	53.00%	35.00%
Risk-free rate	0.42%	1.89%
Maximum
Expected volatility	58.00%	55.00%
Risk-free rate	1.65%	2.61%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options Activity (Details) - Stock options	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	949,245
Granted, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	111,158
Exercised, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	(123,809)
Cancelled, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	0
Outstanding, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	936,594	949,245
Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares) | shares	633,967
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.19
Granted, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	14.76
Exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.97
Cancelled, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.49	$ 5.19
Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.68
Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Year)	6 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 6 months
Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Year)	5 years 10 months 24 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Unvested restricted stock	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Shares
Unvested, beginning (in shares) | shares	38,976
Granted (in shares) | shares	28,680
Vested (in shares) | shares	(22,061)
Cancelled (in shares) | shares	0
Unvested, ending (in shares) | shares	45,595
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award
Non-vested, beginning (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.31
Granted (in dollar per share) | $ / shares	14.92
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	13.99
Cancelled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Non-vested, ending (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 13.13

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 75,730	$ 6,702	$ 127,551	$ 15,597

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Expense and Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Amortization of assets	$ 18,850	$ 6,169	$ 49,024	$ 18,506
Interest on lease liabilities	3,066	1,642	8,779	5,331
Total finance lease costs	21,916	7,811	57,803	23,837
Operating lease costs	891,603	855,962	2,659,569	2,292,191
Total lease costs	913,519	$ 863,773	2,717,372	2,316,028
Operating lease right-of-use asset	11,555,086		11,555,086		$ 12,486,672
Operating lease liability, current portion	2,756,838		2,756,838		2,313,109
Operating lease liability - net of current portion	10,798,802		10,798,802		11,901,040
Total operating lease liability	13,555,640		13,555,640		14,214,149
Property and equipment, net	8,014,676		8,014,676		6,581,588
Finance lease liability, current portion	69,380		69,380		24,253
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	150,524		150,524		34,398
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 219,904		$ 219,904		$ 58,651
Operating leases	4 years 9 months 18 days		4 years 9 months 18 days		5 years 4 months 24 days
Finance lease	4 years 2 months 12 days		4 years 2 months 12 days		2 years 3 months 18 days
Operating leases	8.50%		8.50%		8.70%
Finance leases	5.40%		5.40%		10.00%
Operating cash flows from operating leases			$ 2,517,613	2,233,149
Operating cash flows from finance leases			8,779	5,331
Financing cash flows from finance leases			40,168	16,259
Operating lease			919,607	4,501,092
Finance lease			201,423	$ 80,604
Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 282,027		282,027		$ 80,604
Less accumulated amortization	(73,698)		(73,698)		(24,675)
Property and equipment, net	$ 208,329		$ 208,329		$ 55,929

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Commitments and Contingencies - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Leases
2020 (remainder)	$ 943,468
2021	3,768,378
2022	3,652,919
2023	2,950,447
2024	2,332,736
Thereafter	2,860,814
Total lease payments	16,508,762
Less: Imputed interest	(2,953,122)
Total operating lease liability	13,555,640	$ 14,214,149
Less: Current obligations	(2,756,838)	(2,313,109)
Long-term lease obligation	10,798,802	11,901,040
Finance Lease
2020 (remainder)	19,725
2021	78,900
2022	48,975
2023	27,600
2024	27,600
Thereafter	39,100
Total lease payments	241,900
Less: Imputed interest	(21,996)
Total finance lease liabilities	219,904	58,651
Less: Current obligations	(69,380)	(24,253)
Long-term lease obligation	$ 150,524	$ 34,398

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Segment Reporting - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 clinic segment	Jun. 30, 2020 clinic	Dec. 31, 2019 clinic	Sep. 30, 2019 clinic	Jun. 30, 2019 clinic	Dec. 31, 2018 clinic
Number of operating segments | segment	2
Number of non-operating segments | segment	1
Number of Stores	560			488
Company-owned or managed clinics
Number of Stores	63	62	60	58	51	48
Franchised clinics
Number of Stores	497	477	453	430	417	394

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Segment Reporting - Segment Reporting Financial Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenues	$ 15,410,553	$ 12,726,377	$ 41,644,832	$ 34,575,732
Depreciation and amortization	714,288	538,372	2,061,937	1,308,515
Operating income (loss)	1,705,356	640,379	2,717,290	2,071,655
Bargain purchase gain	0	0	0	19,298
Other expense, net	(25,667)	(16,697)	(55,248)	(43,469)
Income before income tax expense	1,679,689	623,682	2,662,042	2,047,484
Operating segments
Operating income (loss)	4,718,440	3,695,837	11,441,180	10,120,186
Unallocated corporate
Operating income (loss)	(3,013,084)	(3,055,458)	(8,723,890)	(8,048,531)
Corporate clinics
Revenues	8,403,844	6,829,576	22,554,946	18,245,940
Depreciation and amortization	636,734	489,623	1,828,643	1,155,779
Operating income (loss)	1,313,717	821,228	2,662,643	2,225,252
Franchise operations
Revenues	7,006,709	5,896,801	19,089,886	16,329,792
Depreciation and amortization	342	342	1,027	799
Operating income (loss)	3,404,723	2,874,609	8,778,537	7,894,934
Corporate administration
Depreciation and amortization	$ 77,212	$ 48,407	$ 232,267	$ 151,937

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Segment Reporting - Segment Reporting Information, Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets	$ 52,052,811	$ 43,705,667
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,305,526	8,455,989
Unallocated property and equipment	8,014,676	6,581,588
Operating segments
Assets	31,797,131	32,855,776
Segment Reconciling Items
Unallocated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	18,445,926	8,641,877
Unallocated property and equipment	1,122,063	996,385
Other unallocated assets	687,691	1,211,629
Corporate clinics | Operating segments
Assets	23,294,320	25,389,147
Franchise operations | Operating segments
Assets	$ 8,502,811	$ 7,466,629