SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Text Block]

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the assumptions used in the fair value pricing model for share-based payment transactions and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. Financial statements include estimates which, by their nature, are uncertain. Actual outcomes could differ from these estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the historic accounts of Neuro and are consolidated with Helius and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at banks and on hand, and short-term highly liquid investments that have an insignificant interest rate risk and an original maturity of 3 months or less.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company is subject to credit risk in respect of its cash. Amounts invested in such instruments are limited by credit rating, maturity, industry group, investment type and issuer. The Company is not currently exposed to any significant concentrations of credit risk from these financial instruments. The Company seeks to maintain safety and preservation of principal and diversification of risk, liquidity of investments sufficient to meet cash flow requirements and a competitive after-tax rate of return.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value. At March 31, 2016, the accounts receivable balance consisted primarily of GST and QST refunds related to the Company’s Canadian expenditures.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all stock-based payments and awards under the fair value based method. The Company recognizes its stock-based compensation using the straight line method.

Stock-based payments to non-employees are measured at the fair value of the consideration received, or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, or liabilities incurred, whichever is more reliably measurable. The fair value of stock-based payments to non-employees is periodically re-measured until the counterparty performance is complete, and any change therein is recognized over the vesting period of the award and in the same manner as if the Company had paid cash instead of paying with or using equity based instruments. The fair value of the stock-based payments to non-employees that are fully vested and non-forfeitable as at the grant date are measured and recognized at that date.

The Company accounts for the granting of share purchase options to employees using the fair value method whereby all awards to employees will be measured at fair value on the date of the grant. The fair value of all share purchase options are expensed over their vesting period with a corresponding increase to additional capital surplus. Upon exercise of share purchase options, the consideration paid by the option holder, together with the amount previously recognized in additional paid-in capital is recorded as an increase to share capital. Share purchase options granted to employees are accounted for as liabilities when they contain conditions or other features that are indexed to other than a market, performance or service condition.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of share purchase options. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected term of the option, risk-free interest rates, the value of the common stock and expected dividend yield of the common stock. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

Foreign Exchange

The functional currency of the Company and Helius Canada is the Canadian dollar (“CAD”) and the functional currency of Neuro is the U.S. dollar (“USD”). The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar.

Transactions in foreign currencies are remeasured into the functional currency of the relevant subsidiary at the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. Any monetary assets and liabilities arising from these transactions are translated into the functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date or on settlement. Resulting gains and losses are recorded in other foreign exchange gain (loss) within the consolidated statements of operations.

The foreign exchange adjustment in the books of Neuro relating to inter-company advances from Helius that are denominated in Canadian dollars is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, foreign exchange losses of ($18,785) and gains of $865,916 were recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method provides that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The Company has adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 Income Taxes regarding accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The Company initially recognizes tax provisions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of the tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. When applicable, the Company classifies penalties and interest associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, clinical studies performed by contract research organizations and materials and supplies. R&D costs are charged to operations when they are incurred.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views their operations and manages their business in one segment.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company evaluates its financial instruments and other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging . The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the derivative is marked-to-market at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability and the change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity.

The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instruments that become subject to reclassification are reclassified at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities will be classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within 12 months of the consolidated balance sheet date.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and the Ximedica project initiation deposit, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The book values of these instruments approximate their fair values due to the immediate or short-term nature of those instruments.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company had certain Level 3 derivative liabilities required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP as at March 31, 2016 and 2015. Unobservable inputs used in the valuation of these liabilities includes volatility of the underlying share price and the expected term. See Note 7. for the inputs used in the Black Scholes model at March 31, 2016 and the rollforward of the warrant liability and see Note 8. for the inputs used in the Black Scholes model at March 31, 2016 and 2015 for the rollforward of the derivative liability for non-employee options.

	Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2016
Liabilities:
Non-employee options	521,179			521,179
Warrants	1,204,581			1,204,581
March 31, 2015
Assets:
Short-term investments	378,000	378,000
Liabilities:
Non-employee options	1,581,444			1,581,444
Warrants	-			-

There were no transfers between any of the levels during the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) per Share

Earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average of all potentially dilutive shares of common stock that were outstanding during the periods presented.

The treasury stock method is used in calculating diluted EPS for potentially dilutive stock options and share purchase warrants, which assumes that any proceeds received from the exercise of in-the-money stock options and share purchase warrants, would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period.

EPS for convertible debt is calculated under the “if-converted” method. Under the if-converted method, EPS is calculated as the more dilutive of EPS (i) including all interest (both cash interest and non-cash discount amortization) and excluding all shares underlying the convertible debt or; (ii) excluding all interest and costs directly related to the convertible debt (both cash interest and non-cash discount amortization) and including all shares underlying the convertible debt.

The basic and diluted loss per share for the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were calculated as follows:

		Year ended March 31, 2016			Year ended March 31, 2015
		$			$
Net loss, basic		(6,881,812	)		(9,838,317	)
Effect of dilutive securities: Change in fair value of derivative liability		(1,156,002	)		-
Net loss, diluted		(8,037,814	)		(9,838,317	)
Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding		66,522,564			57,048,406
Effective of dilutive securities      Warrants and options		503,980			-
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		67,026,545			57,048,406
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.17	)
Diluted net loss per shares	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.17	)

The following outstanding securities for the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted shares outstanding, as they would have been anti-dilutive:

	Year ended	Year ended
	March 31, 2016	March 31, 2015
Options outstanding	5,875,360	4,920,000
Warrants outstanding	12,973,009	8,444,400
Total	18,848,369	13,364,400

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The amendments in this update change existing guidance related to accounting for employee share-based payments affecting the income tax consequences of awards, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated income statement. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . The amendments in this update revise the accounting related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03 , Interest- Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) . This guidance is to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs by recognizing a debt liability in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from that debt liability consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. The amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted this standard and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , which is intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or within one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued when applicable) and to provide related footnote disclosures. The ASU provides guidance to an organization’s management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, which for the Company is April 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The amendments also clarify that the guidance in Topic 275, Risks and Uncertainties , is applicable to entities that have not commenced planned principal operations. The central feature of the guidance on disclosure requirements is that required disclosures are limited to matters significant to a particular entity. The disclosures focus primarily on risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect the amounts reported in the financial statements in the near term or the near-term functioning of the reporting entity.