Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

3.Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

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Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The Company’s cash equivalents and investments are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The money market funds represent open-ended mutual funds with published daily net asset values at which investors can freely subscribe to or redeem from the funds and is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying values of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values (note there were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018):

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2019 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	24,134	$	—	$	—	$	24,134
Commercial paper		—	$	5,495		—		5,495
Investments:
Commercial paper	$	—	$	17,920	$	—	$	17,920
Corporate bonds		—		15,029		—		15,029
Government securities		—		545		—		545
Treasury bonds		—		998		—		998
	$	24,134	$	39,987	$	—	$	64,121

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	39,982	$	—	$	—	$	39,982
	$	39,982	$	—	$	—	$	39,982

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company held a restricted investment of $1,400, which represent a certificate of deposit that is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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