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Recent Accounting Standards
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Recent Accounting Standards  
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

3. RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”)

FASB ASU No. 2014-09 — “Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606)” supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification.  Additionally ASU 2014-09 supersedes some cost guidance included in Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts (Subtopic 605-35).  In addition, the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer are amended to be consistent with the guidance on recognition and measurement.  The core principal of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  The adoption of this ASU becomes effective for the Company beginning after January 1, 2018, with retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented.  The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2014-09, but it is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2014-12 — “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period” requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition.  The performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award.  Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered.  If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period.  The total amount of the compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest.  The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved.  The adoption of this ASU was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-01 —  “Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20) – Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items.” ASU 2015-01 eliminates from U.S. GAAP the concept of extraordinary items, which, among other things, required an entity to segregate extraordinary items considered to be unusual and infrequent from the results of ordinary operations and show the item separately in the income statement, net of tax, after income from continuing operations. ASU 2015-01 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-02 — “Consolidation (Topic 810) – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” ASU 2015-02 affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. Specifically, the amendments: (1) Modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or voting interest entities, (2) Eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, (3) Affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships, (4) Provide a scope exception from consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interests in legal entities that are required to comply with or operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2A-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered money market funds. ASU 2015-02 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-03 — “Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) – Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. ASU 2015-03 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017. ASU 2015-03 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-05 — “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) – Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.” ASU 2015-05 provides a basis for evaluating whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, then the arrangement should be accounted for as a service contract. ASU 2015-05 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-07 — “Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent).  On May 1, 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07 to gain consistency within the categorization of the fair value hierarchy.  The update removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient.  It also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The ASU was effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented.  ASU 2015-07 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-14 — “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date.” In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of the previously issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) until the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Earlier application is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 that supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification.  Additionally ASU 2014-09 supersedes some cost guidance included in Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts (Subtopic 605-35).  In addition, the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer are amended to be consistent with the guidance on recognition and measurement.  The core principal of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  The adoption of ASU 2014-09 becomes effective for the Company beginning after January 1, 2018, with retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented.  The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2014-09, but it is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-15 — “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting.”  In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15 that adds SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Announcement at the June 18, 2015, Emerging Issues Task Force meeting about the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires the presentation of debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. ASU 2015-03 does not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. Given the absence of authoritative guidance within ASU 2015-03 for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements, the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. ASU 2015-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-16 — “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” ASU 2015-16 requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The acquirer must record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Additionally, the entity is required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2015-17 — “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, as part of its simplification initiative. The ASU requires entities to present deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) and deferred tax liabilities (“DTLs”) as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. It thus simplifies the current guidance, which requires entities to separately present DTAs and DTLs as current or noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Netting of DTAs and DTLs by tax jurisdiction is still required under the new guidance. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, the ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The adoption of the provisions of ASU 2015-17 upon issuance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2016-01 — “Financial Instruments─Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 (i) requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; (iii) eliminates the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities; (iv) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; (v) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (vi) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; (vii) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and (viii) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. The amendments in this update affect all entities that hold financial assets or owe financial liabilities. ASU 2016-01 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018, and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2016-02 — “Leases (Topic 842).” In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-02 to supersede nearly all existing lease guidance under GAAP. The guidance would require a lessee to record a right-to-use asset and liability representing the obligation to make lease payments for long-term leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2016-09  “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 was issued as part of the FASB’s simplification initiative and affects all entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. This ASU covers accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-09 on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU 2016-12  “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)—Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” ASU 2016-12 addresses narrow-scope improvements to the guidance on collectability, noncash consideration, and completed contracts at transition. Additionally, the amendments in this update provide a practical expedient for contract modifications at transition and an accounting policy election related to the presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The amendments in this update affect the guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which is effective January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-09 on the Company’s financial statements, but it is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU 2016-10  “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)—Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.” ASU 2016-10 clarifies two aspects of “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (i) identifying performance obligations and (ii) the licensing implementation guidance. This ASU adds guidance on how to identify the promised goods or services in the contract and how to evaluate whether promised goods and services are distinct. Additionally, this update includes guidance on determining whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied over time) and when to recognize revenue for a sales-based or use-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. The amendments in this update affect the guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which is effective January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-09 on the Company’s financial statements, but it is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)" ("ASU 2016-13") requires an entity to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to estimate its lifetime "expected credit loss" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The CECL model is expected to result in more timely recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also requires new disclosures for financial assets measured at amortized cost, loans and available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 13, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on the Company’s financial statements.

FASB ASU No. 2016-15 — "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15") is intended to reduce the diversity in practice around how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 provides classification guidance on certain cash receipts and cash payments, including, but not limited to, debt prepayment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies and distributions received from equity method investees. This ASU is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted with retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-15 on the Company’s financial statements.