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Guarantees granted, commitments and contingent liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Other Provisions, Contingent Liabilities And Contingent Assets [Abstract]  
Guarantees granted, commitments and contingent liabilities
27.
Guarantees granted, commitments and contingent liabilities
Guarantees granted and commitments
At December 31, 2025, the Company had guarantees on related party debt, commitments and activities, which
is mainly comprised of:
(i) one unfunded guarantee granted to our joint venture with SCF for €250 million, (€500 million at December 31,
2024) which expired in January 2026;
(ii) two guarantees granted to third parties on the total outstanding debt of ACC for €635 million (€423 million at
December 31, 2024);
(iii) a guarantee granted to third parties on commitments of ACC for €224 million (€270 million at December 31,
2024);
(iv) a guarantee granted to third parties on the outstanding debt of StarPlus for €2,373 million ($2,788 million)
(€888 million at December 31, 2024), drawn from a €6,383 million ($7,500 million) (€7,218 million at
December 31, 2024) loan facility of which 49 percent of the drawn down amount is guaranteed by Stellantis N.V.
Under the terms of these debt agreements, there are restrictions on dividend distribution and repayment of
shareholder loans; and
(v) a guarantee granted to third parties on the outstanding debt of Nidec Emotors for €126 million (€115 million
at December 31, 2024).
In 2024, NextStar entered into a loan facility with third-party financial institutions for a notional €1,144 million
($1,344 million) at December 31, 2025 ((€1,294 million) ($1,344 million) at December 31, 2024) which is 49
percent guaranteed by Stellantis N.V. The facility was fully drawn at December 31, 2025 (undrawn at
December 31, 2024). Under the terms of these loan agreements, dividend distribution is restricted until the
applicable covenants are satisfied.
In addition, Stellantis is guaranteeing other commitments of NextStar for a total of €387 million (€363 million at
December 31, 2024). On February 6, 2026, Stellantis announced that LG Energy Solution would acquire full
ownership of NextStar Energy Inc, with Stellantis selling its 49 percent equity to LG Energy Solution. Completion
of the transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and closing conditions. As at December 31 2025, the
guarantee remained in place.
The restrictions on dividend distributions and on repayment of shareholder loans referenced above are not
expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or cash flows.
Other repurchase obligations
In accordance with the terms of other wholesale financing arrangements in Mexico, Stellantis Mexico was
required to repurchase dealer inventory financed under these arrangements, upon certain triggering events and
with certain exceptions, including in the event of an actual or constructive termination of a dealer’s franchise
agreement. These obligations exclude certain vehicles including, but not limited to, vehicles that have been
damaged or altered, that are missing equipment or that have excessive mileage or an original invoice date that
is more than one year prior to the repurchase date. In December 2015, Stellantis Mexico entered into a ten-year
private label financing agreement (automatically renewable for one-year terms thereafter unless termination
notice provided) with STM Financial, a subsidiary of Banco Inbursa, under which STM Financial provides a wide
range of financial wholesale and retail financial services to Stellantis Mexico's dealers and retail customers
under the Stellantis Financial Mexico brand name. The wholesale repurchase obligation under the new
agreement will be limited to wholesale purchases in case of actual or constructive termination of a dealer's
franchise agreement.
At December 31, 2025, the maximum potential amount of future payments required to be made in accordance
with these wholesale financing arrangements was approximately €242 million ($284 million) and was based on
the aggregate repurchase value of eligible vehicles financed through such arrangements in the respective
dealer's stock. If vehicles are required to be repurchased through such arrangements, the total exposure would
be reduced to the extent the vehicles can be resold to another dealer. The fair value of the guarantee was nil at
December 31, 2025.
Arrangements with key suppliers
From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, the Company entered into various arrangements with
key suppliers in order to establish strategic and technological advantages. A limited number of these
arrangements contained unconditional purchase obligations to purchase a fixed or minimum quantity of goods
and/or services with fixed and determinable price provisions. Future minimum purchase obligations under these
arrangements at December 31, 2025 were as follows:
(€ million)
2026
3,098
2027
3,095
2028
2,967
2029
812
2030
482
2031 and thereafter
1,550
At December 31, 2025, there were related party commitments relating to the purchase of batteries:
(i)StarPlus: commitment over a 9-year period starting from 2025. The commitment amounted to €2,885 million;
and
(ii)ACC: commitment over a 5-year period starting from 2024. The residual commitment amounted to
€2,879 million.
These amounts are included in the table above.
Other commitments, arrangements and contractual rights  
At December 31, 2025, total joint venture and associate capital commitments were €1.7 billion, covering the
period up to 2029
For contractual commitments relating to purchase of intangible assets, refer to Note 10, Other intangible assets
for additional information. For contractual commitments relating to purchase of tangible assets, refer to Note 11,
Property, plant and equipment for additional information.
UAW Collective Bargaining Agreement
In November 2023, the UAW-represented workforce ratified a new collective bargaining agreement that expires
in April 2028. The provisions of the agreement contain opportunities for incremental compensation upon meeting
agreed metrics related to absenteeism and attendance. The agreement includes wage increases, the
reinstatement of the Cost of Living Allowance (“COLA”), a reduction in the time of progression to the top wage
tier from eight years to three years, supplemental unemployment benefits eligibility after 90 days of continuous
service, annual lump sum payments to retirees and surviving spouses, and retirement packages in 2024 and
2026. In addition, the agreement includes an increase in the defined benefit and defined contribution pension
plan rates; along with a commitment to provide €925 million ($1,000 million) in funding to the defined pension
plan, which was made in 2023. The agreement, which covers approximately 43 thousand employees, includes a
ratification bonus for all employees totaling approximately €201 million ($219 million), which was paid in
December 2023. 
Unifor Collective Bargaining Agreement
Stellantis entered into a three-year labor agreement with Unifor in Canada that was ratified in November 2023,
covering approximately 7,500 employees. The terms of this agreement provide employee wage and benefit
increases, including improvements to base wage rates, reduced time for employees to progress to top wage,
COLA protection and retirement incentive opportunities for long-service employees choosing to retire. Also
included are increases to the defined benefit pension plan benefit for active employees and quarterly lump sum
payments to retired employees. In addition, Unifor members hired on or after September 19, 2016 that were
participating in the defined contribution plan have been enrolled in a College of Applied Arts and Technology
pension plan effective January 2025. The agreement also includes, lump sum payments to both full and part-
time employees, totaling approximately €49 million (CAD$72 million), which were paid in December 2023. The
agreement expires in September 2026.
Under the UAW and Unifor agreements, the lump sum payments to retirees and ratification bonuses, which are
not dependent upon future services, were primarily recognized in Cost of revenues upon ratification of the
contracts. Retirement packages were recognized in Restructuring costs in December 2023 as the offers have
been communicated and approved by management. Wage increases, COLA, increases to defined contribution
pension rates, and other benefit costs are recognized as incurred. During the year ended December 31, 2023,
there were €671 million of costs related to the North America collective bargaining agreements, including
restructuring costs and employee benefits past service cost which were excluded from Adjusted operating
income. Refer to Note 30, Segment reporting for additional information.
Contingent liabilities
In connection with significant asset divestitures carried out in prior years, the Company provided indemnities to
purchasers. Potential liabilities may arise from possible breaches of representations and warranties provided in
the contracts and, in certain instances, environmental or tax matters, generally for a limited period of time. Some
of these indemnifications do not limit potential payment and as such, it was not possible to estimate the
maximum amount of potential future payments that could result from claims made under these indemnities.
Litigation
Takata Airbag Inflators
Putative class action lawsuits were filed in March 2018 against FCA US LLC (“FCA US”), a 100 percent owned
subsidiary of Stellantis, in the U.S. District Courts for the Southern District of Florida and the Eastern District of
Michigan, asserting claims under federal and state laws alleging economic loss due to Takata airbag inflators
installed in certain of our vehicles. The cases were subsequently consolidated in the Southern District of Florida.
In November 2022, the Court granted summary judgment in FCA US’s favor against all claimants except those in
Georgia and North Carolina. Plaintiffs were granted leave to file an amended complaint to add additional states
to the pending action. Plaintiffs’ appeal of the grant of summary judgment was dismissed by the Court for lack of
jurisdiction. In May 2024, the Court entered an order to allow FCA US’s renewed motions for summary judgment
to address the remaining amended claims.
In June 2023, the Court entered an order preliminarily granting class certification for the amended complaint. In
July 2023, the Court revisited its class certification order and further narrowed the classes based on a recent
Court of Appeals decision. FCA US’ appeal of the Court’s preliminary order was denied.
At this stage of the proceedings, we are unable to reliably evaluate the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or
estimate a range of possible loss.
Emissions
We face class actions and individual claims alleging emissions non-compliance in several countries. Several
former FCA and PSA companies and Dutch dealers have been served with class actions in the Netherlands by
Dutch foundations seeking monetary damages and vehicle buybacks in connection with alleged emissions non-
compliance of certain vehicles equipped with diesel engines. We have also been notified of a potential class
action on behalf of Dutch consumers alleging emissions non-compliance of certain former FCA vehicles sold as
recreational vehicles, and are subject to a securities class action in the Netherlands, alleging misrepresentations
by FCA. Class actions alleging emissions non-compliance has also been filed and are on-going in Portugal
regarding former FCA vehicles, in the UK regarding former FCA and PSA vehicles, and in Israel regarding
former PSA vehicles. We are also defending approximately 1,500 pending individual consumer claims alleging
emissions non-compliance in Germany and approximately 70 individual consumer cases in Austria relating to
former FCA vehicles.
The results of the private litigation matters described above cannot be predicted at this time and may lead to
damage awards which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations. It is also possible that these matters and their ultimate resolution may adversely affect our reputation
with consumers, which may negatively impact demand for our vehicles and consequently could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. At this stage, we are unable to
evaluate the likelihood that a material loss will be incurred with regard to these private litigations or estimate a
range of possible loss.
General Motors
In November 2019, General Motors LLC and General Motors Company (collectively, “GM”) filed a lawsuit in the
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan against FCA US, FCA N.V., now Stellantis N.V., and certain
individuals, claiming violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (“RICO”) Act, unfair
competition and civil conspiracy in connection with allegations that FCA US made payments to The International
Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (“UAW”) officials that
corrupted the bargaining process with the UAW and as a result FCA US enjoyed unfair labor costs and
operational advantages that caused harm to GM. GM also claimed that FCA US had made concessions to the
UAW in collective bargaining that the UAW was then able to extract from GM through pattern bargaining which
increased costs to GM and that this was done by FCA US in an effort to force a merger between GM and FCA
N.V. The court dismissed GM’s lawsuit with prejudice and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
subsequently affirmed the dismissal of GM’s complaint. In April 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to grant
review of the Sixth Circuit’s decision, which finally resolved the federal court case.
Following dismissal of its Federal court case, GM filed an action against FCA US and FCA N.V., now Stellantis
N.V., in Michigan state court, making substantially the same claims as it made in the federal litigation. In October
2021, the court granted Stellantis N.V. and FCA US’s motion for summary disposition. GM filed a motion for
reconsideration and in December 2021, the court granted GM’s motion, permitting GM to amend its complaint.
GM filed a second amended complaint in December 2021. In May 2022, the court denied FCA US’s motion for
summary disposition and permitted discovery to proceed against FCA US. In July 2022, the court granted
Stellantis N.V.’s motion for summary disposition, but in November 2022 the court granted GM’s motion for
reconsideration and permitted jurisdictional discovery to proceed against Stellantis N.V. The case is currently
stayed while the Michigan Court of Appeals considers certain trial court rulings regarding privilege. At this stage,
we are unable to reliably evaluate the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or estimate a range of possible loss.
2024 Financial Guidance
In August 2024, a putative securities class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court of the Southern
District of New York against Stellantis N.V. and certain of its former officers, alleging that the defendants made
material misstatements relating to the Company’s 2024 financial guidance. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint
in March 2025 and a motion to dismiss was filed by Stellantis N.V. and the individual defendants in June 2025.
At this stage of the proceedings, we are unable to reliably evaluate the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or
estimate a range of possible loss.
Government Inquiries
Emissions
We are subject to criminal and civil governmental investigations alleging emissions non-compliance in certain
European jurisdictions and we continue to cooperate with these investigations.
As part of the judicial investigation of several automakers in France, commencing in 2016 and 2017,
Automobiles Peugeot and Automobiles Citroën were placed under examination by the Judicial Court of Paris in
June 2021 on allegations of consumer fraud in connection with the sale of Euro 5 diesel vehicles in France
between 2009 and 2015. In July 2021, FCA Italy (now known as Stellantis Europe) was placed under
examination by the same court for possible consumer fraud in connection with the sale of Euro 6 diesel vehicles
in France between 2014 and 2017. As is typical in a French criminal inquiry, each of the companies were
required to pay bail for the potential payment of damages and fines and to ensure representation in court, and to
provide a guarantee for the potential compensation of losses. None of these amounts were, individually or in
aggregate, material to the Company. Civil parties have joined the case and may seek further compensation. The
Public Prosecutor has requested that the companies involved be referred to criminal court on consumer fraud
charges and a decision on whether to proceed is before the Investigating Judge.
In May 2023, the German authority, Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (“KBA”) notified Stellantis of its investigation of certain
Opel Euro 5, Fiat Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles and its intent to require remedial measures based on the alleged
non-compliance of the diesel engines in certain of those vehicles. The KBA subsequently expanded its inquiry to
include Euro 5 and Euro 6 engines used in certain Alfa Romeo, FIAT and Jeep vehicles, as well as Suzuki
vehicles equipped with diesel engines supplied by FCA Italy and requested information relating to all Stellantis
vehicles that may make use of strategies similar to those allegedly used by the identified vehicles. Stellantis
Europe is cooperating with the KBA and the relevant homologation authority. In January 2024, the KBA advised
that the Opel vehicles, equipped with Euro 5 engines, are non-compliant. At the KBA’s request, during the first
half of 2024, Opel submitted a plan to bring the vehicles into compliance. In July 2024, Opel received a formal
decision of non-compliance from the KBA regarding its vehicles equipped with Euro 5 diesel engines. Although
we objected to this formal decision, we continue to cooperate with the KBA inquiries and, at this stage, we are
unable to reliably evaluate the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or estimate a range of possible loss. Given
the number of vehicles potentially involved, however, the cost of any recall, and the impact that any recall could
have on related private litigation, may be significant.
In December 2019, the Italian Ministry of Transport (“MIT”) notified FCA Italy of communications with the Dutch
Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (“I&W”) regarding certain irregularities allegedly found by the
RDW and the Dutch Center of Research TNO in the emission levels of certain Jeep Grand Cherokee Euro 5
models and a vehicle model of another OEM containing a Euro 6 diesel engine supplied by FCA Italy. In January
2020, the Dutch Parliament published a letter from the I&W summarizing the conclusions of the RDW regarding
those vehicles and engines and indicating an intention to order a recall and report their findings to the Public
Prosecutor, the European Commission (“EC”) and other member states. FCA engaged with the RDW to present
our positions and cooperate to reach an appropriate resolution of this matter. FCA Italy proposed certain
updates to the relevant vehicles that have been tested and approved by the RDW and are now being
implemented without further concerns being raised by RDW.
In July 2020, unannounced inspections took place at several of FCA’s sites in Germany, Italy and the UK at the
initiative of the Public Prosecutors of Frankfurt am Main and of Turin, as part of their investigations of potential
violations of diesel emissions regulations and consumer protection laws. In April 2022, former FCA companies
received an order to produce documents to the Public Prosecutors. In October 2022, inspections took place at
the Italian offices of FCA Italy and Maserati and at the German office of Maserati Deutschland. At the Public
Prosecutor of Turin’s request, the Italian proceedings were dismissed in September 2023 and October 2023. In
March 2025, the Public Prosecutor of Frankfurt am Main determined that Stellantis Europe and certain affiliated
subsidiaries had negligently breached supervisory duties and imposed a fine in an amount that is not material to
the Company. The decision did not involve a finding of intent or fraud and is now final.
In January 2024, the EC notified the MIT of the alleged non-compliance of Fiat Ducato Euro 5 and Euro 6
vehicles based on tests performed at the EC’s request. We have cooperated with the MIT in its substantive
responses to EC.
Stellantis entities, among other OEMs, have received questions from the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency in
the UK (“DVSA”) regarding a market surveillance activity to assess vehicle emissions for compliance with
regulations and Court of Justice of the European Union rulings. Correspondence with DVSA has progressed
during 2025 and the timing of any final DVSA decision is uncertain at present. In October 2025 the French
Market Surveillance Authority (“SSMVM”) requested information about certain Stellantis diesel vehicles regarding
alleged possible NOx over-emissions and exhaustive technical explanations have been provided to the
authority.
The results of the unresolved governmental investigations described above cannot be predicted at this time and
may lead to further enforcement actions or penalties, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. It is also possible that these matters and their ultimate
resolution may adversely affect our reputation with consumers, which may negatively impact demand for our
vehicles and consequently could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations. At this stage, we are unable to evaluate the likelihood that a material loss will be incurred with
regard to these unresolved inquiries or estimate a range of possible loss.
End of Life Vehicles
In March 2022, the EC and the UK Competition and Markets Authority (the “CMA”) conducted unannounced
inspections at the premises of Opel and several other companies and associations active in the European
automotive sector. These inspections, as well as contemporaneous and subsequent information requests
received from the EC and CMA, relate to potential collusion in the collection, treatment, and recovery of end-of-
life vehicles and whether such activity may have violated relevant competition laws. We recognized a provision
relating to these matters in an amount that is not material to the Company during the year ended December 31,
2024. During the six-month period ending June 30, 2025, the EC and CMA published their decisions and
imposed fines against the Company in amounts that did not exceed the previously recognized provision.
Takata Airbag Recalls
We are subject to, and are cooperating with, criminal investigations and regulatory proceedings in several
European jurisdictions relating to the recall of Stellantis vehicles equipped with Takata airbags. At this stage, we
are unable to evaluate the likelihood that a material loss will be incurred with regard to these investigations and
proceedings or estimate a range of possible loss.
Other matters
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (“CAFE”) standards
In August 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated a final rule published by NHTSA in July
2019 that had reversed NHTSA’s 2016 increase to the base rate of the CAFE penalty from $5.50 to $14.00. The
base rate applies to each tenth of a mile per gallon that a manufacturer’s fleet-wide average fuel efficiency is
below the CAFE standard, and is multiplied by the number of vehicles in the manufacturer’s fleet to arrive at an
aggregate penalty. In January 2021, NHTSA published an interim final rule with immediate effect, the result of
which was to apply the increased fine rate that resulted from the Second Circuit’s ruling to future model years. In
particular, NHTSA’s interim rule imposed a CAFE penalty base rate of $5.50 through 2021 Model Year and
increased the CAFE penalty base rate to $14.00 prospectively from the 2022 Model Year. FCA accrued
estimated amounts for any probable CAFE penalty based on the $5.50 rate for Model Years 2021 and earlier.
In April 2022, NHTSA published a final rule repealing the interim final rule issued in January 2021 and reverting
to the December 2016 final rule which increased the CAFE civil penalty rate from $5.00 to $14.00, beginning with
2019 Model Year. Applying the annual inflation adjustment procedures did not result in an increase in the $14.00
rate through 2021 Model Year.
On July 4, 2025, the OBBB was signed into law, which revised the civil penalty rate to $0.00 beginning with
Model Year 2022.
Greenhouse Gas Standards
In March 2022, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) reinstated California’s authority under the
Clean Air Act to enforce its own, more stringent, greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emission standards for passenger
vehicles and light-duty trucks (the “California Waiver”). California emission standards covered by the California
Waiver were also adopted by certain other states.
Prior to the EPA’s withdrawal of the California Waiver, automotive OEMs were deemed to be compliant with
California’s GHG emissions standards if they were compliant with the EPA’s GHG standards. This “deemed to
comply” mechanism was removed from the California regulation prior to the reinstatement of the California
Waiver. As interpreted by the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”), the EPA’s reinstatement of the California
Waiver together with the removal of the “deemed to comply” mechanism means that automotive OEMs
are retroactively subject to the separate California GHG standards beginning with the model year
2021 fleet. OEMs may achieve compliance with the California GHG emission standards in several ways, including
through the sale of emission-compliant vehicles within their fleet for a given model year, through the carryforward
or carryback of excess credits generated by a compliant fleet in past or future years, by the purchase of
California-specific regulatory credits from third parties or by a combination of the foregoing.
 We did not meet the California GHG targets for model years 2021, 2022 and 2023, as in planning these model
years prior to reinstatement of the California Waiver we assumed the ability to utilize existing credits based on
regulations in force at the time. We previously intended to cover such deficits with excess credits generated
through our compliance in model years within the applicable five-year carryback period. However, in March
2024, we entered into an agreement with CARB to settle and resolve claims and disputes regarding CARB’s
regulation of automotive GHG emissions. The agreement imposes alternative GHG emissions requirements for
model year 2021 through 2026 passenger cars and light-duty trucks and commitments related to zero-emission
technology. In exchange, CARB agreed not to enforce the GHG emission standards in its regulations that would
otherwise be applicable to model year 2021 through 2026.