10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-38293

SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	46-5184075
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2400 District Avenue, Suite 310	01803
Burlington, Massachusetts	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive office)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 517-0730

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SCPH	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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As of May 9, 2023, the Registrant had 35,769,073 common shares, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") contains express or implied forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements about the commercialization of FUROSCIX, including the timing and progress thereof, the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates, the timing of our ongoing or planned clinical trials, the clinical utility of our product candidates, expectations surrounding manufacturing capabilities and supply chain matters, our commercialization capabilities and strategy, the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, our future financial performance, the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and general economic conditions on our business, and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, capital needs and capital expenditures. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things:

•We are heavily dependent on the success of our product candidates and our approved product, FUROSCIX® (furosemide injection). We have only one approved product and we cannot give any assurance that we will receive regulatory approval for any other product candidates, which is necessary before they can be commercialized.

•If we fail to produce FUROSCIX in the volumes that we require on a timely basis, we may face delays in our commercialization efforts.

•The commercial success of FUROSCIX and any other product candidates, if approved, depends upon attaining market acceptance by hospital networks, physicians, patients, third-party payers and the medical community.

•If we are unable to expand our sales and marketing capabilities or continue to enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell FUROSCIX, we may be unable to generate substantial revenue.

•We have a limited operating history and no history of commercializing pharmaceutical products, which may make it difficult to evaluate the prospects for our future success.

•We have a history of significant operating losses and expect to incur significant and increasing losses for the foreseeable future; we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

•We may need additional funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which would force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts.

•Our success depends on our ability to manufacture, or the ability of third parties to deliver, sufficient quantities of supplies, components and drug product for commercialization of FUROSCIX or any of our product candidates, if approved, including our ability to monitor quality control issues related to the production of FUROSCIX and on-body infusors in the volumes that will be required on a timely basis.

•Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, as well as the ability of our collaborators to protect their intellectual property and proprietary technology.

•If we fail to comply with our obligations under our existing and any future intellectual property license with third parties, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

•We may be subject to product liability lawsuits related to our product candidates, if approved, which could divert our resources, result in substantial liabilities and reduce the commercial potential of our products and product candidates.

•The ongoing and evolving COVID-19 pandemic may materially and adversely affect our business and our financial results, including the activities supporting our commercial launch of FUROSCIX.

•Our failure to successfully identify, develop and market additional product candidates could impair our ability to grow.

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•We depend heavily on our executive officers, directors and principal consultants and the loss of their services would materially harm our business.

•Other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2023, as well as in our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, then actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should therefore not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report.

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SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

INDEX

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27
Item 5.	Other Information	27
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
Exhibit Index		28
Signatures		30

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	December 31,			March 31,
	2022			2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	71,061		$	75,453
Short-term investments		47,125			40,618
Restricted cash		182			-
Accounts receivable		-			3,004
Inventory		1,230			3,621
Prepaid expenses		2,282			2,685
Deposits and other current assets		1,428			1,286
Total current assets		123,308			126,667
Property and equipment, net		54			48
Right-of-use lease assets - operating, net		566			466
Deposits and other assets		267			190
Total assets	$	124,195		$	127,371
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,518		$	1,626
Accrued expenses		5,289			5,561
Lease obligation - operating, short-term		567			419
Other current liabilities		42			129
Total current liabilities		7,416			7,735
Term loan, long-term		36,794			37,252
Derivative liability		7,517			6,510
Lease obligation - operating, long-term		7			5
Other liabilities		28			62
Total liabilities		51,762			51,564
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized and no shares    issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized as of    March 31, 2023; 34,257,916 and 35,769,073 shares issued and outstanding    as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively		3			4
Additional paid-in capital		298,934			313,541
Accumulated deficit		(226,536	)		(237,746	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		32			8
Total stockholders’ equity		72,433			75,807
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	124,195		$	127,371

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Product revenues, net	$	-		$	2,063
Operating expenses:
Cost of product revenues		-			605
Research and development		4,347			2,116
Selling, general and administrative		2,893			10,896
Total operating expenses		7,240			13,617
Loss from operations		(7,240	)		(11,554	)
Other income		14			990
Interest income		13			1,315
Interest expense		(518	)		(1,961	)
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)
Net loss per share — basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.30	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted		27,368,354			37,800,960
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on short-term investments	$	(3	)	$	(24	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,734	)	$	(11,234	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

					ADDITIONAL					OTHER			TOTAL
	COMMON STOCK				PAID-IN		ACCUMULATED			COMPREHENSIVE			STOCKHOLDERS'
	SHARES		AMOUNT		CAPITAL		DEFICIT			INCOME (LOSS)			EQUITY
At December 31, 2022		34,257,916	$	3	$	298,934	$	(226,536	)	$	32		$	72,433
Net loss		—		—		—		(11,210	)		—			(11,210	)
Issuance of common stock under at-the-market    offering, net of issuance costs (Note 10)		1,511,157		1		13,627		—			—			13,628
Stock-based compensation		—		—		980		—			—			980
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—		—		—		—			(24	)		(24	)
At March 31, 2023		35,769,073	$	4	$	313,541	$	(237,746	)	$	8		$	75,807
At December 31, 2021		27,366,707	$	3	$	246,166	$	(189,698	)	$	(1	)	$	56,470
Net loss		—		—		—		(7,731	)		—			(7,731	)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of    stock options		4,781		—		21		—			—			21
Stock-based compensation		—		—		636		—			—			636
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—		—		—		—			(3	)		(3	)
At March 31, 2022		27,371,488	$	3	$	246,823	$	(197,429	)	$	(4	)	$	49,393

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities
Depreciation expense		9			6
Amortization expense - right-of-use leased assets - operating		93			99
Accretion on short-term investments		4			(517	)
Stock-based compensation		636			980
Non-cash interest expense		114			493
Fair value adjustment to derivative liability		-			(1,007	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		-			(3,004	)
Inventory		-			(2,390	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		187			(261	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(681	)		317
Net cash used in operating activities		(7,369	)		(16,494	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(6	)		-
Maturities of short-term investments		-			7,000
Purchases of short-term investments		(12,784	)		-
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(12,790	)		7,000
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net		-			13,704
Principal payments on term loan		(2,500	)		-
Proceeds from the exercise of vested stock options		21			-
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(2,479	)		13,704
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(22,638	)		4,210
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		74,450			71,243
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	51,812		$	75,453
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	$	425		$	1,485
Taxes paid	$	36		$	69
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
Transfer of issuance costs from other noncurrent assets to equity	$	-		$	76

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

scPharmaceuticals LLC was formed as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 19, 2013. On March 24, 2014, scPharmaceuticals LLC was converted to a Delaware corporation and changed its name to scPharmaceuticals Inc. (“the Company”). The Company is a pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products that have the potential to optimize the delivery of infused therapies, advance patient care and reduce healthcare costs. The Company’s strategy is designed to enable the subcutaneous administration of therapies that have previously been limited to intravenous (“IV”) delivery. The Company’s headquarters and primary place of business is Burlington, Massachusetts.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, scPharmaceuticals Securities Corporation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 22, 2023. The Company has determined that it operates in one segment.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the Company’s audited annual financial statements and include, in the opinion of management, adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, necessary for the fair statement of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $237.7 million. Management expects to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. The Company has financed its operations to date from proceeds from the sale of common stock, preferred stock and the incurrence of debt.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $116.1 million. On October 13, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the "Oaktree Agreement") with, among others, the lenders from time to time party thereto (the "Lenders") and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, in its capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders (Note 9). The Company's existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, including the available proceeds from the first tranche of the Oaktree Agreement, will be sufficient to meet its cash commitments for at least the next 12 months after the date that the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Additionally, the Company expects to have access to funds pursuant to an at-the-market offering program with Cowen and Company, LLC (Note 10), or could otherwise seek additional funding through a combination of public or private equity offerings if it believes additional resources are needed. Additional financing may not be available on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the

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financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of bank deposits and money market accounts with financial institutions. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature and which the Company believes do not have a material exposure to credit risk. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent accounts, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	71,061	$	75,453
Restricted cash		182		-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	71,243	$	75,453

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded net of any estimated expected credit losses. The Company's measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. To date, expected credit losses have not been material.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances with high-quality financial institutions and, consequently, the Company believes that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. The Company’s short-term investments consist of United States Treasury securities, commercial paper and United States Government Agency securities. The Company has adopted an investment policy that limits the amounts the Company may invest in any one type of investment and requires all investments held by the Company to hold a minimum rating, thereby reducing credit risk exposure.

As the Company executes its commercial launch, the Company has a limited number of specialty pharmacy customers. As of, and for the quarter ended, March 31, 2023, one customer represents 92% of accounts receivable and revenue, respectively.

Investments

The Company invests excess cash balances in available-for-sale debt securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of these securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. The Company reports available-for-sale investments at fair value at each balance sheet date and includes any unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other than temporary,” including the intention to sell and, if so, marks the investment to market through a charge to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. The Company began capitalizing inventory costs following U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval of FUROSCIX on October 7, 2022. Inventory is sold on a first in, first out ("FIFO") basis. The Company periodically reviews inventory for expiry and obsolescence and writes it down accordingly, if necessary. Prior to FDA approval of FUROSCIX, the Company expensed all

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inventory-related costs, including that used for clinical development, to research and development ("R&D") costs in the period incurred.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets, current portion of lease obligations, and long-term lease obligations on the Company’s balance sheets.

ROU lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating ROU lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU lease asset excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs paid to the lender and third parties are reflected as a discount to the debt in the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangement that the Company determines are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customer (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has identified one performance obligation, the delivery of FUROSCIX to its customers. The Company has not incurred any incremental costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers. The Company’s revenues consist solely of the sale of FUROSCIX to customers in the United States.

Product Net Sales

FUROSCIX was approved by the FDA on October 7, 2022. The Company launched sales of FUROSCIX in the first quarter of 2023 to specialty pharmacies (“SPs”). The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at a point in time, typically upon receipt of product at the SPs, the date at which the rights, title, interest and risk of loss are transferred. Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration that result from (a) sales discounts, (b) rebates (c) co-pay assistance, and (d) product returns. Reserves are established for the estimates of variable consideration based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. The reserves for variable consideration are reflected as either as a reduction to the related account receivable or as an accrued liability, depending on how the consideration is settled. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in net product revenues only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results vary from its estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Sales Discounts: Sales discounts are agreed-upon discounts, from negotiated contracts, taken directly off the Company’s sales invoices. Sales discounts are recorded as an offset to revenue based on contractual terms at the time revenue from the sale is recognized.

Rebates: Allowance for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, TRICARE program and contractual rebates with commercial payers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or statutory

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requirements. The allowance for rebates is based on contracted or statutory discount rates and expected utilization by benefit plan participants. The Company’s estimates for expected utilization of rebates are based on utilization data received from the SPs since product launch. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Co-Payment Assistance: The Company offers co-payment assistance to commercially insured patients meeting certain eligibility requirement. Co-payment assistance is accrued at the time of product sale to SPs based on estimated patient participation and average co-pay benefit to be paid per a claim. The Company’s estimated amounts are compared to actual program participation and co-pay amounts paid using data provided by third-party administrators. If actual amounts differ from the original estimates the assumptions being applied are updated and adjustment for prior period accruals will be adjusted in the current period.

Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers SPs limited product return rights for damages, shipment errors, and expiring product, provided that the return is within a specified period around the product expiration date as set forth in the applicable individual distribution agreement. The Company does not allow product returns for product that has been dispensed to a patient. As the Company receives inventory reports from the SPs and has the ability to control the amount of product that is sold to the SPs, it is able to make a reasonable estimate of future potential product returns based on this on-hand channel inventory data and sell-through data obtained from the SPs. In arriving at its estimate, the Company also considers historical product returns, the underlying product demand, and industry data specific to the specialty pharmaceutical distribution industry.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments, if any, for goods or services used in research and development are initially recorded as an asset and then recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services are performed. Research and development expenses include contract services, consulting, salaries, materials and supplies and overhead.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the impact of temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured under enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance is required to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company provides reserves for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions. The tax benefits recorded are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is “more likely than not” to be realized following resolution of any uncertainty related to the tax benefit, assuming that the matter in question will be raised by the tax authorities. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no such accruals.

As part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), beginning with the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company is required to capitalize research and development expenses, as defined under section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. For expenses that are incurred for research and development in the United States, the amounts will be amortized over 5 years, and expenses that are incurred for research and experimentation outside the United States will be amortized over 15 years.

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3. Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share		27,368,354			37,800,960
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.30	)

Basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include the weighted average effect of outstanding pre-funded warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock for which the remaining unfunded exercise price is $0.001 per share.

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include unexercised stock options outstanding, unexercised warrants and unvested restricted stock units, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Stock options to purchase common stock		3,442,152		4,640,089
Warrants to purchase common stock		-		516,345
Unvested restricted stock units		42,250		333,125
Total		3,484,402		5,489,559

4. Investments

Cash in excess of the Company’s immediate requirements is invested in accordance with the Company’s investment policy that primarily seeks to maintain adequate liquidity and preserve capital.

A summary of the Company’s available-for-sale classified investments as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	At December 31, 2022
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	16,741	$	-	$	-	$	16,741
United States Treasury securities		15,768		7		-		15,775
United States Government Agency securities		14,584		25		-		14,609
Total	$	47,093	$	32	$	-	$	47,125

	At March 31, 2023
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	15,948	$	-	$	-	$	15,948
United States Government Agency securities		14,733		6		-		14,739
United States Treasury securities		9,929		2		-		9,931
Total	$	40,610	$	8	$	-	$	40,618

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The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale investments, by contract maturity, as of March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	40,610	$	40,618
Total	$	40,610	$	40,618

5. Inventory

The Company's inventory balance consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	1,201	$	3,262
Work-in-process		29		-
Finished goods		-		359
	$	1,230	$	3,621

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work-in-process and
finished goods. The Company began capitalizing inventory costs following FDA approval of FUROSCIX in October 2022 and has not recorded any significant inventory write-downs since that time. The Company currently uses a limited number of third-party contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs") to produce its inventory.

6. Property and Equipment

Purchased property and equipment consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Office equipment	5 years	$	6		$	6
Office furniture	7 years		126			126
Computer equipment	3 years		15			15
Leasehold improvements	Life of lease		95			95
			242			242
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(188	)		(194	)
Property and equipment, net		$	54		$	48

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 was $9,000 and $6,000, respectively.

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Contract research and development	$	1,827	$	1,749
Employee compensation and related costs		2,754		1,704
Accrued sales allowances and related costs		-		984
Consulting and professional service fees		603		908
State taxes		49		123
Accrued royalty payable		-		49
Financing related costs		29		-
Interest		16		-
Other		11		44
Total accrued expenses	$	5,289	$	5,561

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8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), provides a fair value hierarchy, which classifies fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations that require inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that are both significant to the fair value measurement and observable.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying values of the Company’s cash and restricted cash, prepaid expenses and deposits approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company’s loan payable is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value because the Company’s interest rate is near current market rates for instruments with similar characteristics.

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The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2022
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	65,875	$	65,875	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		65,875		65,875		—		—
Commercial Paper		16,741		—		16,741		—
United States Treasury securities		15,775		15,775		—		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,609		—		14,609		—
Investments		47,125		15,775		31,350		—
Total	$	113,000	$	81,650	$	31,350	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
Total	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
	As of March 31, 2023
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	69,419	$	69,419	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		69,419		69,419		—		—
Commercial Paper		15,948		—		15,948		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,739		—		14,739		—
United States Treasury securities		9,931		9,931		—		—
Investments		40,618		9,931		30,687		—
Total	$	110,037	$	79,350	$	30,687	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Total	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510

Changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 derivative liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

At December 31, 2022	$	7,517
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(1,007	)
At March 31, 2023	$	6,510

9. Debt

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's debt balance as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

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	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Face value	$	50,000		$	50,000
Less: discount		(13,206	)		(12,748	)
Total		36,794			37,252
Less: current portion		—			—
Long-term portion	$	36,794		$	37,252

Oaktree Agreement

On October 13, 2022 (“Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Oaktree Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively “Oaktree”) to borrow up to $100.0 million in three tranches with a maturity date of October 13, 2027.

The first tranche of $50.0 million was drawn immediately, with $9.8 million of the proceeds used to repay in full the outstanding loan and fees under the 2019 Loan Agreement with SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank and $2.7 million in fees and expenses incurred in connection with the financing, leaving $37.5 million in available proceeds from the first tranche. The ability to draw the remaining $50.0 million is contingent upon reaching certain net sales revenue milestone targets prior to September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The term loan initially bears interest at the three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin of 8.75% (with a SOFR floor of 1.00% and a 3.00% cap). Once FUROSCIX achieves at least $100.0 million in trailing 12-month net sales, the applicable margin will step down to 8.25%. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments until the third anniversary of the Closing Date, after which the Company is required to make quarterly amortizing payments, with the remaining balance of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest due at maturity.

In connection with entering into the Oaktree Agreement, the Company granted warrants to Oaktree to purchase up to an aggregate of 516,345 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.40 per share. Upon inception, the Company evaluated the warrants and determined that they met all the requirements for equity classification under ASC Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). This transaction was accounted for as a detachable warrant at its fair value, using the relative fair value method, which is based on a number of unobservable inputs and is recorded as an increase to additional paid-in-capital on the consolidated statement of stockholder’s equity. The relative fair value of the warrants, $2.0 million, was reflected as a discount to the term loan and will be amortized over the life of the term loan using the effective interest method. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the warrants. Assumptions included the fair market value per share of common stock on the valuation date of $5.50, the exercise price per warrant equal to $5.40, the expected volatility of 77%, the risk-free interest rate of 4.11%, the expected term of 7 years and the absence of a dividend. The warrants are immediately exercisable and the exercise period expires on October 13, 2029.

The Company identified a number of embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the term loan and that were separately accounted for in the consolidated financial statements as one compound derivative liability. Certain of these embedded features include contingent interest rate reset upon event of default, contingent put options, including change in control and going concern provisions, and additional costs as a result of changes in law. These embedded features met the criteria requiring these to be bifurcated because they were not clearly and closely related to the host instrument in accordance with ASC 815-15 and the derivative liability is presented separately in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023. The fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities associated with the term loan was estimated using a hybrid between the discounted cash flow and Monte Carlo simulation methods. This involves significant Level 3 inputs and assumptions including an estimated probability and timing of a change in control. The Company re-evaluates this assessment each reporting period and any changes in estimated fair value is recorded as other income (expense). The initial recognition of the embedded derivative liability upon issuance of the Term Loan was $8.9 million. At March 31, 2023, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability was $6.5 million.

In connection with the issuance of the term loan, the Company recorded a debt discount of $13.6 million, inclusive of debt issuance costs, the derivative liability and the relative fair value of the warrants. The discount will be amortized over the life of the term loan using the effective interest method. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $459,000 related to the amortization of the debt discount associated with the Oaktree Agreement.

Prepayments of the term loan, in whole or in part, will be subject to a prepayment fee which declines each year until the fourth anniversary date of the Closing Date, after which no prepayment fee is required. The Company is also required to pay an exit fee upon any payment or prepayment equal to 2.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans funded under the Oaktree Agreement. The Company recorded an additional debt discount of $1.0 million related to the exit fee. For the three months ended

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March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $34,000 related to the amortization of the exit fee associated with the Oaktree Agreement.

The Oaktree Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants requiring the Company to (i) maintain unrestricted cash of at least $15.0 million at all times, increasing to $20.0 million upon accessing the second tranche of the term loan and (ii) meet minimum quarterly net sales revenue targets.

In addition, the Oaktree Agreement contains customary events of default that could cause the Company’s indebtedness to become immediately due and payable. The lenders could declare the Company in default under its debt obligation upon the occurrence of any event that the lenders interpret as having a material adverse effect as defined under the Oaktree Agreement. Upon the occurrence and for the duration of an event of default, an additional interest rate equal to 2.0% per annum could apply to all obligations owed under the Oaktree Agreement. Among other loan covenant requirements, the Oaktree Agreement also requires the Company to provide an audit opinion of its annual financial statements not subject to any "going concern" or like qualification or exception.

SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan

In May 2017, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (the “2017 Loan Agreement”), with SLR Investment Corp. (f/k/a Solar Capital Ltd.) and Silicon Valley Bank (together, the “Lenders”), for $10.0 million.

In September 2019, the Company replaced the 2017 Loan Agreement with a new $20.0 million term loan with the Lenders (the “2019 Loan Agreement”). The 2019 Loan Agreement extended the term of the credit facility until September 17, 2023. Debt issuance costs for the 2019 Loan Agreement, including unamortized issuance costs for the 2017 Loan Agreement, were to be amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the 2019 Loan Agreement using the effective-interest method.

The interest rate under the 2019 Loan Agreement was the higher of (i) LIBOR plus 7.95% or (ii) 10.18% and there was an interest-only period until September 30, 2021. The rate at December 31, 2022 was 10.18%. Pursuant to the 2019 Loan Agreement, the Company provided a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets, including intellectual property, subject to certain exceptions.

The Company entered into an Exit Agreement in connection with the 2019 Loan Agreement which provided for an aggregate payment of 4% of the loan commitment, or $800,000, to the lenders upon the occurrence of an exit event (the “Exit Fee”). The Company paid the Exit Fee during 2020 in conjunction with the Company’s public offering, which was deemed to be an exit event pursuant to the Exit Agreement.

The 2019 Loan Agreement allowed the Company to voluntarily prepay all (but not less than all) of the outstanding principal at any time. A prepayment premium of 3% or 1% through the one-year anniversary and the two-year anniversary, respectively, would be assessed on the outstanding principal. After the two-year anniversary, a 0.5% prepayment premium would be assessed on the outstanding principal. A final payment fee of $500,000 was due upon the earlier to occur of the maturity date or prepayment of such borrowings.

In connection with the Oaktree Agreement, the Company paid off all unpaid borrowings under the 2019 Loan Agreement on October 13, 2022, including the $500,000 final fee and a prepayment premium of $46,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $87,000 related to the amortization of debt discount associated with the 2019 Loan Agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $34,000 related to the amortization of the final payment fee associated with the 2019 Loan Agreement.

In an event of default under the 2019 Loan Agreement, the interest rate would have been increased by 5% and the balance under the loan may have become immediately due and payable at the option of the lenders.

The 2019 Loan Agreement included restrictions on, among other things, the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, change the name or location of the Company’s business, merge with or acquire other entities, pay dividends or make other distributions to holders of its capital stock, make certain investments, engage in transactions with affiliates, create liens, sell assets or pay subordinated debt.

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As of March 31, 2023, future principal payments due under the Oaktree Agreement were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	—
December 31, 2024		—
December 31, 2025		2,500
December 31, 2026		10,000
December 31, 2027		37,500
Total	$	50,000

10. Stockholders’ Equity

2021 At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On March 23, 2021, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the “2021 ATM Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock (the “2021 ATM Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million through Cowen as its sales agent. The Company agreed to pay Cowen a commission up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of such 2021 ATM Shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold 1,511,157 shares of its common stock under the 2021 ATM Agreement at a weighted average gross selling price of $9.30 per share for net proceeds of $13.7 million.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

The Company’s 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2017 Stock Plan”) became effective in November 2017, upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering and will expire in October 2027. Under the 2017 Stock Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other stock-based awards. The Company’s 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Stock Plan”) was terminated in November 2017 effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering and no further options will be granted under the 2014 Stock Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 598,411 options outstanding under the 2014 Stock Plan.

As of March 31, 2023, there were 7,475,463 shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan, including 359,860 options that have been forfeited from the 2014 Stock Plan.

At March 31, 2023, there were 3,199,318 options available for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan, 3,902,928 options outstanding and 333,125 RSUs outstanding.

On February 1, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2023 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan") and, subject to the adjustment provisions of the Inducement Plan, reserved 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the Inducement Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 361,250 options available for issuance under the Inducement Plan, and 138,750 options outstanding.

Awards granted under the 2017 Stock Plan and the Inducement Plan have a term of ten years. Vesting of awards under the 2017 Stock Plan and Inducement Plan is determined by the board of directors, but is generally over one to four-year terms.

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The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Risk-free interest rate	1.67% - 1.90%		3.40% - 4.17%
Expected dividend yield	0%		0%
Expected life	5.6-6.7 years		5.6-7.0 years
Expected volatility	70%-72%		77%-85%
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	2.93	$	4.60

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	NUMBER OF SHARES			WEIGHTED- AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE		WEIGHTED- AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM		AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE
Outstanding, December 31, 2022		4,008,177		$	5.76
Granted		652,462			6.31
Forfeited		(20,550	)		5.33
Outstanding, March 31, 2023		4,640,089		$	5.84		7.58	$	15,792
Vested and exercisable, March 31, 2023		2,283,867		$	6.01		6.12	$	7,774
Vested and expected to vest, March 31, 2023		4,014,732		$	5.86		7.34	$	13,687

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	RSUs			AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE (IN DOLLARS PER SHARE)
RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2022		—		$	—
Granted		335,410			6.14
Forfeited		(2,285	)		6.14
RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023		333,125		$	6.14

Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options as of March 31, 2023 was $5.7 million and will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the underlying awards. The weighted-average period over which such compensation is expected to be recognized is 2.7 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs as of March 31, 2023 was $1.2 million and will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the underlying awards. The weighted-average period over which such compensation is expected to be recognized is 3.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In October 2017, the board of directors approved the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") which became effective in November 2017, upon the closing of the Company's IPO. As part of the ESPP, eligible employees may acquire an ownership

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interest in the Company by purchasing common stock, at a discount, through payroll deductions. Eligible employees who elected to participate were able to participate in the ESPP beginning September 1, 2021.

As of March 31, 2023, there were 1,347,691 shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Research and development	$	254	$	340
General and administrative		382		640
Total	$	636	$	980

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The leases expire at various dates through 2025 and do not include renewal options.

Certain leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements. The leases generally also include real estate taxes and common area maintenance charges in the annual rental payments.

Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on a straight-line basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases.

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	433
December 31, 2024		9
December 31, 2025		1
Total minimum lease payments		443
Less imputed interest		(19	)
Total	$	424

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$	118		$	112
Short-term lease cost		13			9
Sublease income		(13	)		-
Total lease cost	$	118		$	121
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	140		$	163
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(18	)	$	(50	)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	0.8 years			0.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		10.1	%		10.1	%

Research and Development Agreements

As part of the Company’s research and development efforts, the Company enters into research and development agreements with certain companies. These agreements contain varying terms and provisions which include fees and milestones to be paid by the Company. Some of these agreements also contain provisions which require the Company to make payments for exclusivity in the development of products in the area of loop diuretics.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 22, 2023. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many important factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by, the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

OVERVIEW

We are a pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products that have the potential to optimize the delivery of infused therapies, advance patient care and reduce healthcare costs. Our strategy is designed to enable the subcutaneous administration of therapies that have previously been limited to intravenous, or IV, delivery. By moving delivery away from the high-cost healthcare settings typically required for IV administration, we believe our technology has the potential to reduce overall healthcare costs and advance the quality and convenience of care. Our approved product, FUROSCIX® (furosemide injection), consists of our novel formulation of furosemide delivered via West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc.'s on-body infusor, which delivers an 80 mg dose. On October 10, 2022, we announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved FUROSCIX for the treatment of congestion due to fluid overload in adults with New York Heart Association Class II/III chronic heart failure. FUROSCIX is the first and only FDA-approved subcutaneous loop diuretic that delivers IV equivalent diuresis at home. IV equivalence was established in a clinical study in which FUROSCIX demonstrated 99.6% bioavailability (90% CI: 94.8%-104.8%) and 8-hour urine output of 2.7 L which was similar to subjects receiving intravenous furosemide. We estimate that there is a $6.9 billion total market opportunity for FUROSCIX in the United States.

The commercial launch of FUROSCIX commenced in the first quarter of 2023. We have secured positive coverage and a preferred formulary decision for FUROSCIX by a top five national commercial health plan, effective June 1, 2023, as well as national Medicaid coverage of FUROSCIX, effective July 1, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, there were approximately 380 total FUROSCIX prescriptions written by around 190 unique prescribers, and of these, approximately 160 FURSOCIX prescriptions had been filled and approximately 180 prescriptions were payer cleared or pending. Additionally, there were more than 500 FUROSCIX in-services completed.

We have funded our operations from inception through March 31, 2023 primarily through the sale of shares of our common stock and incurrence of debt and, prior to that, through the private placement of our preferred stock. Our first product, FUROSCIX, was approved for sale in October 2022 and became commercially available in February 2023 and, therefore, we have not generated significant revenue from product sales as of March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $237.7 million. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we support the commercialization efforts of FUROSCIX in the United States, including building our sales and marketing organization, continuing research and development efforts, engaging in scale-up manufacturing and seeking regulatory approval for new product candidates and enhancements. Our financial results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and will depend on, among other factors, the net sales of FUROSCIX, the scope and progress of our research and development efforts and timing of certain expenses.

COMPONENTS OF OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Product Revenues

Product revenues, net, consist of net sales of FUROSCIX. We initiated shipments of FUROSCIX to customers in the United States, which include specialty pharmacies, in February 2023. We recognize revenue for product received by our customers net of allowances for customer discounts, service fees, and estimated returns and rebates.

Cost of Product Revenues

Cost of product revenues include costs related to the manufacturing of FUROSCIX, including third party manufacturing costs, packaging and freight, in addition to royalty expenses. We began capitalizing inventory upon FDA approval of FUROSCIX. All

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costs related to inventory for FUROSCIX prior to FDA approval were expensed as incurred and therefore not included in cost of revenues.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development ("R&D") expenses consist of the cost of engineering, clinical trials, regulatory and medical affairs and quality assurance associated with developing our proprietary technology and product candidates. R&D expenses consist primarily of:

•employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel expense and stock-based compensation expense;

•cost of outside consultants who assist with technology development, regulatory affairs, clinical trials and medical affairs, and quality assurance;

•cost of clinical trial activities performed by third parties;

•cost of pre-approval pharmaceutical batch manufacturing; and

•cost of facilities and supplies used for internal research and development and clinical activities.

We expense R&D costs as incurred. Given the emphasis to date on our approved product, FUROSCIX, our R&D expenses have not been allocated on a program-specific basis. In the future, we expect R&D expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to develop new products and enhance existing products and technologies. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly as we:

•continue to advance our pipeline programs beyond FUROSCIX;

•continue our current research and development activity;

•seek to identify additional research programs and additional product candidates;

•initiate preclinical testing and clinical trials for any product candidates we identify and develop, maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and

•hire additional research, clinical and scientific personnel.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel expense and stock-based compensation expense for personnel in executive, finance, commercial, field sales, human resources, facility operations and administrative functions. Other SG&A expenses include promotional activities, marketing, conferences and trade shows, professional services fees, including legal, audit and tax fees, insurance costs, general corporate expenses and allocated facilities-related expenses.

We anticipate that our SG&A expenses will increase as we continue to expand our corporate and commercial infrastructure to support the commercialization activities of FUROSCIX in the United States.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2023

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The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Increase
	2022			2023			(Decrease)
Product revenues, net	$	-		$	2,063		$	2,063
Operating expenses:
Cost of product revenues		-			605			605
Research and development		4,347			2,116			(2,231	)
Selling, general and administrative		2,893			10,896			8,003
Total operating expenses		7,240			13,617			6,377
Loss from operations		(7,240	)		(11,554	)		4,314
Other income		14			990			976
Interest income		13			1,315			1,302
Interest expense		(518	)		(1,961	)		1,443
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)	$	3,479

Product revenues. Product revenues were $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to no product revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $2.1 million was due to the commercial launch of FUROSCIX during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cost of product revenues. Cost of product revenues were $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to no cost of product revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $0.6 million was due to the commercial launch of FUROSCIX during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Research and development expenses. R&D expenses were $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease of $2.2 million was primarily attributable to a $1.1 million decrease in clinical study and medical affairs costs, a $0.3 million decrease in employee-related costs, a $0.3 million decrease in device development costs, a $0.3 million decrease in quality and regulatory costs, and a $0.2 million decrease in pharmaceutical development costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. SG&A expenses were $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $8.0 million was primarily attributable to a $4.8 million increase in employee-related costs, a $2.8 million increase in commercial costs, and a $0.4 million increase in legal and professional service costs.

Other income. Other income was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $14,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in income of $1.0 million was primarily attributable to the fair value adjustment to the derivative liability in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Interest income. Interest income was $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $13,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $1.3 million was primarily attributable to higher interest rates and balances on our financial instruments.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $518,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $1.4 million was due to higher term loan balances as a result of the Oaktree Agreement which commenced October 13, 2022.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

We have funded our operations from inception through March 31, 2023 primarily through the sale of shares of our common stock, through the private placement of our preferred stock and the incurrence of debt. As of March 31, 2023, we had received net cash proceeds of $92.7 million from our initial public offering; $56.7 million from sales of our preferred stock; $48.6 million from borrowings under our previous term loan with SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank and our current term loan under the Oaktree Agreement in 2022, net; $13.5 million from sales of convertible notes; $50.2 million from our public offering of common stock in 2020; $46.6 million from our public offering of common stock in 2022; $14.4 million from the sale of common stock in our 2019 at-the-market offering; and $14.8 million from the sale of common stock in our 2021 at-the-market offering. As of March 31,

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2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $75.5 million and short-term investments of $40.6 million. Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained at a number of financial institutions in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits.

On March 23, 2021, we entered into the 2021 ATM Agreement with Cowen to sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $50.0 million, through an at-the-market equity offering program under which Cowen will act as our sales agent. As of March 31, 2023, we had received $14.8 million of net proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock pursuant to the 2021 ATM Agreement. Please see Note 10. Stockholders’ Equity to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information.

On October 13, 2022, we entered into the Oaktree Agreement which established a $100.0 million term loan facility, consisting of (i) $50.0 million funded immediately, (ii) $25.0 million that we may borrow in up to two draws on or prior to September 30, 2024 and (iii) $25.0 million that we may borrow on or prior to December 31, 2024. Our ability to draw the remaining $50.0 million is contingent upon reaching certain net sales revenue milestone targets prior to September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Please see Note 9. Debt to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information.

We expect to incur substantial additional expenditures in the near future to support our ongoing activities and commercialization of FUROSCIX. We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, including the available proceeds from the first tranche of the Oaktree Agreement, will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report. We expect our costs and expenses to increase in the future as we continue U.S. commercialization of FUROSCIX, including the expansion]of our direct sales force, and as we continue to make substantial expenditures on research and development, including to increase our manufacturing capacity and for conducting clinical trials of our product candidates. In connection with such development plans and activities, if we determine that we need additional cash resources, we would seek to access such funds either pursuant to our 2021 ATM Agreement or through a combination of public or private equity offerings or debt financings. Additionally, we continue to incur additional costs as a result of operating as a public company. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

•the costs and expenses of expanding our U.S. sales and marketing infrastructure;

•the degree of success we experience in commercializing FUROSCIX;

•the revenue generated by sales of FUROSCIX and of other product candidates that may be approved;

•the pricing and reimbursement of FUROSCIX and of other product candidates that may be approved;

•the costs, timing and outcomes of clinical trials and regulatory reviews associated with our product candidates;

•the emergence of competing or complementary technological developments;

•the extent to which FUROSCIX is adopted by the healthcare community;

•the number and types of future products we develop and commercialize;

•the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications and maintaining, enforcing and defending intellectual property-related claims; and

•the extent and scope of our general and administrative expenses.

Additional financing may not be available on a timely basis on terms acceptable to us, or at all. We may raise funds in equity, royalty-based or debt financings or enter into additional credit facilities in order to access funds for our capital needs. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our Company, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise additional funds through royalty-based financing arrangements, we will likely agree to relinquish rights to potentially valuable future revenue streams and may agree to covenants that restrict our operations or strategic flexibility. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future would cause us to incur additional debt service expenses and could include restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and pursue business opportunities. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, we may terminate or delay the development of one or more of our products, delay clinical trials necessary to market our products, or delay establishment or expansion of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities necessary to commercialize our products. For example, the trading prices for our and other biopharmaceutical companies’ securities have been highly volatile as a result of macroeconomic conditions and developments in our industry. As a result, we may face difficulties raising capital through sales of our securities and any such sales may be on unfavorable terms. Additionally, our ability to raise capital may be further impacted by global macroeconomic conditions including, for example, as a result of international political conflict, supply chain issues and rising inflation and interest rates.

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CASH FLOWS

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2023
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(7,369	)	$	(16,494	)
Investing activities		(12,790	)		7,000
Financing activities		(2,479	)		13,704
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(22,638	)	$	4,210

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $16.5 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $11.2 million and an increase in net operating assets of $5.3 million. This was offset by non-cash charges of $54,000. The increase in net operating assets is related to accounts receivable and inventory to support the launch of FUROSCIX. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of depreciation, amortization related to our right-of-use leased assets, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash interest expense related to amortization of debt discount associated with the Oaktree Agreement, the fair value adjustment to the derivative liability and accretion of premium on investments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $7.4 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $7.7 million and an increase in net operating assets of $0.5 million. This was offset by non-cash charges of $0.8 million, which primarily consisted of depreciation, amortization related to our right of use leased assets, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash interest expense related to amortization of debt discount associated with the 2019 Loan Agreement and accretion of discount on investments. The increase in net operating assets was related to accrued expenses for employee-related, pharmaceutical and device development costs.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $7.0 million, consisting of maturities of short-term investments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $12.8 million, consisting primarily of purchases of short-term investments, net of maturities.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $13.7 million, consisting of proceeds from the 2021 ATM Agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash used in financing activities was $2.5 million, consisting primarily of principal term loan payments, offset by stock option exercises.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

There were no material changes in our commitments under contractual obligations, as disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material. Our critical accounting policies are more fully described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have updated our critical accounting policies to include accounts receivable and revenue recognition.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risks related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

We contract with vendors in foreign countries. As such, we have exposure to adverse changes in exchange rates of foreign currencies, principally the Swiss franc and the Euro, associated with our foreign transactions. We believe this exposure to be immaterial. We currently do not hedge against this exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates.

Our exposure to market risk also relates to interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. As of March 31, 2023, our aggregate outstanding indebtedness was $50.0 million, which bears interest per annum equal to three-month term SOFR (subject to a 1.00% floor and a 3.00% cap), plus applicable margin of 8.75%. Due to the short-term duration of our indebtedness, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our debt instruments.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business. However, if our costs, in particular costs related to manufacture and supply, were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, it may adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of such date are effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Information regarding risk factors appears in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the "Annual Report"), which was filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on November 21, 2017).
3.2	Amended and Restated By-laws of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on November 21, 2017).
3.3	Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By-laws of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on June 10, 2020).
3.4	Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated By-laws of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on March 12, 2021).
4.1	Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement among scPharmaceuticals Inc. and certain of its stockholders, dated December 22, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-221077) filed on October 23, 2017).
4.2	Form of Warrant, dated October 13, 2022, issued by scPharmaceuticals Inc. to certain lenders, together with a schedule of warrant holders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on October 14, 2022).
4.3	Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on November 23, 2022).
10.1	Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on March 22, 2023).
10.2	2023 Employment Inducement Award Plan and form of award agreement thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38293) filed on March 22, 2023).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Date: May 10, 2023	By:	/s/ Rachael Nokes
		Rachael Nokes
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-31

Exhibit 31.1

Certifications

I, John H. Tucker, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 10, 2023	/s/ John H. Tucker
	John H. Tucker
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31

Exhibit 31.2

Certifications

I, Rachael Nokes, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 10, 2023	/s/ Rachael Nokes
	Rachael Nokes
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John H. Tucker, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 10, 2023	/s/ John H. Tucker
	John H. Tucker
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of scPharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Rachael Nokes, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 10, 2023	/s/ Rachael Nokes
	Rachael Nokes
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

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	Mar. 31, 2023	May 09, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
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Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
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Entity Registrant Name	SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001604950
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
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Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity File Number	001-38293
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
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Entity Address, Address Line One	2400 District Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 310
Entity Address, City or Town	Burlington
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 75,453	$ 71,061
Short-term investments	40,618	47,125
Restricted cash		182
Accounts receivable	3,004
Inventory	3,621	1,230
Prepaid expenses	2,685	2,282
Deposits and other current assets	1,286	1,428
Total current assets	126,667	123,308
Property and equipment, net	48	54
Right-of-use lease assets - operating, net	466	566
Deposits and other assets	190	267
Total assets	127,371	124,195
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	1,626	1,518
Accrued expenses	5,561	5,289
Lease obligation - operating, short-term	419	567
Other current liabilities	129	42
Total current liabilities	7,735	7,416
Term loan, long-term	37,252	36,794
Derivative liability	6,510	7,517
Lease obligation - operating, long-term	5	7
Other liabilities	62	28
Total liabilities	51,564	51,762
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2023; 34,257,916 and 35,769,073 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively	4	3
Additional paid-in capital	313,541	298,934
Accumulated deficit	(237,746)	(226,536)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8	32
Total stockholders’ equity	75,807	72,433
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 127,371	$ 124,195

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	35,769,073	34,257,916
Common stock, shares outstanding	35,769,073	34,257,916

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Product revenues, net	$ 2,063
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap:ProductMember
Operating expenses:
Cost of product revenues	$ 605
Research and development	2,116	$ 4,347
Selling, general and administrative	10,896	2,893
Total operating expenses	13,617	7,240
Loss from operations	(11,554)	(7,240)
Other income	990	14
Interest income	1,315	13
Interest expense	(1,961)	(518)
Net loss	$ (11,210)	$ (7,731)
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.30)	$ (0.28)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.30)	$ (0.28)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	37,800,960	27,368,354
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	37,800,960	27,368,354
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on short-term investments	$ (24)	$ (3)
Comprehensive loss	$ (11,234)	$ (7,734)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 56,470	$ 3	$ 246,166	$ (189,698)	$ (1)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021		27,366,707
Net loss	(7,731)			(7,731)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	21		21
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, Shares		4,781
Stock-based compensation	636		636
Unrealized loss on short-term investments	(3)				(3)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	49,393	$ 3	246,823	(197,429)	(4)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022		27,371,488
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	72,433	$ 3	298,934	(226,536)	32
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022		34,257,916
Net loss	(11,210)			(11,210)
Issuance of common stock under at-the-market offering, net of issuance costs	13,628	$ 1	13,627
Issuance of common stock under at-the-market offering, net of issuance costs, Shares		1,511,157
Stock-based compensation	980		980
Unrealized loss on short-term investments	(24)				(24)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 75,807	$ 4	$ 313,541	$ (237,746)	$ 8
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		35,769,073

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (11,210,000)	$ (7,731,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities
Depreciation expense	6,000	9,000
Amortization expense - right-of-use leased assets - operating	99,000	93,000
Accretion on short-term investments	(517,000)	4,000
Stock-based compensation	980,000	636,000
Non-cash interest expense	493,000	114,000
Fair value adjustment to derivative liability	(1,007,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(3,004,000)
Inventory	(2,390,000)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(261,000)	187,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	317,000	(681,000)
Net cash used in operating activities	(16,494,000)	(7,369,000)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(6,000)
Maturities of short-term investments	7,000,000
Purchases of short-term investments		(12,784,000)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	7,000,000	(12,790,000)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net	13,704,000
Principal payments on term loan		(2,500,000)
Proceeds from the exercise of vested stock options		21,000
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	13,704,000	(2,479,000)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	4,210,000	(22,638,000)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	71,243,000	74,450,000
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	75,453,000	51,812,000
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	1,485,000	425,000
Taxes paid	69,000	$ 36,000
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
Transfer of issuance costs from other noncurrent assets to equity	$ 76,000

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

scPharmaceuticals LLC was formed as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 19, 2013. On March 24, 2014, scPharmaceuticals LLC was converted to a Delaware corporation and changed its name to scPharmaceuticals Inc. (“the Company”). The Company is a pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products that have the potential to optimize the delivery of infused therapies, advance patient care and reduce healthcare costs. The Company’s strategy is designed to enable the subcutaneous administration of therapies that have previously been limited to intravenous (“IV”) delivery. The Company’s headquarters and primary place of business is Burlington, Massachusetts.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, scPharmaceuticals Securities Corporation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 22, 2023. The Company has determined that it operates in one segment.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the Company’s audited annual financial statements and include, in the opinion of management, adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, necessary for the fair statement of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $237.7 million. Management expects to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. The Company has financed its operations to date from proceeds from the sale of common stock, preferred stock and the incurrence of debt.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $116.1 million. On October 13, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the "Oaktree Agreement") with, among others, the lenders from time to time party thereto (the "Lenders") and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, in its capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders (Note 9). The Company's existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, including the available proceeds from the first tranche of the Oaktree Agreement, will be sufficient to meet its cash commitments for at least the next 12 months after the date that the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Additionally, the Company expects to have access to funds pursuant to an at-the-market offering program with Cowen and Company, LLC (Note 10), or could otherwise seek additional funding through a combination of public or private equity offerings if it believes additional resources are needed. Additional financing may not be available on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

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Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the

financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of bank deposits and money market accounts with financial institutions. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature and which the Company believes do not have a material exposure to credit risk. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent accounts, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	71,061	$	75,453
Restricted cash		182		-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	71,243	$	75,453

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded net of any estimated expected credit losses. The Company's measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. To date, expected credit losses have not been material.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances with high-quality financial institutions and, consequently, the Company believes that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. The Company’s short-term investments consist of United States Treasury securities, commercial paper and United States Government Agency securities. The Company has adopted an investment policy that limits the amounts the Company may invest in any one type of investment and requires all investments held by the Company to hold a minimum rating, thereby reducing credit risk exposure.

As the Company executes its commercial launch, the Company has a limited number of specialty pharmacy customers. As of, and for the quarter ended, March 31, 2023, one customer represents 92% of accounts receivable and revenue, respectively.

Investments

The Company invests excess cash balances in available-for-sale debt securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of these securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. The Company reports available-for-sale investments at fair value at each balance sheet date and includes any unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other than temporary,” including the intention to sell and, if so, marks the investment to market through a charge to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. The Company began capitalizing inventory costs following U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval of FUROSCIX on October 7, 2022. Inventory is sold on a first in, first out ("FIFO") basis. The Company periodically reviews inventory for expiry and obsolescence and writes it down accordingly, if necessary. Prior to FDA approval of FUROSCIX, the Company expensed all

inventory-related costs, including that used for clinical development, to research and development ("R&D") costs in the period incurred.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets, current portion of lease obligations, and long-term lease obligations on the Company’s balance sheets.

ROU lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating ROU lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU lease asset excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs paid to the lender and third parties are reflected as a discount to the debt in the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangement that the Company determines are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customer (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has identified one performance obligation, the delivery of FUROSCIX to its customers. The Company has not incurred any incremental costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers. The Company’s revenues consist solely of the sale of FUROSCIX to customers in the United States.

Product Net Sales

FUROSCIX was approved by the FDA on October 7, 2022. The Company launched sales of FUROSCIX in the first quarter of 2023 to specialty pharmacies (“SPs”). The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at a point in time, typically upon receipt of product at the SPs, the date at which the rights, title, interest and risk of loss are transferred. Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration that result from (a) sales discounts, (b) rebates (c) co-pay assistance, and (d) product returns. Reserves are established for the estimates of variable consideration based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. The reserves for variable consideration are reflected as either as a reduction to the related account receivable or as an accrued liability, depending on how the consideration is settled. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in net product revenues only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results vary from its estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Sales Discounts: Sales discounts are agreed-upon discounts, from negotiated contracts, taken directly off the Company’s sales invoices. Sales discounts are recorded as an offset to revenue based on contractual terms at the time revenue from the sale is recognized.

Rebates: Allowance for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, TRICARE program and contractual rebates with commercial payers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or statutory

requirements. The allowance for rebates is based on contracted or statutory discount rates and expected utilization by benefit plan participants. The Company’s estimates for expected utilization of rebates are based on utilization data received from the SPs since product launch. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Co-Payment Assistance: The Company offers co-payment assistance to commercially insured patients meeting certain eligibility requirement. Co-payment assistance is accrued at the time of product sale to SPs based on estimated patient participation and average co-pay benefit to be paid per a claim. The Company’s estimated amounts are compared to actual program participation and co-pay amounts paid using data provided by third-party administrators. If actual amounts differ from the original estimates the assumptions being applied are updated and adjustment for prior period accruals will be adjusted in the current period.

Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers SPs limited product return rights for damages, shipment errors, and expiring product, provided that the return is within a specified period around the product expiration date as set forth in the applicable individual distribution agreement. The Company does not allow product returns for product that has been dispensed to a patient. As the Company receives inventory reports from the SPs and has the ability to control the amount of product that is sold to the SPs, it is able to make a reasonable estimate of future potential product returns based on this on-hand channel inventory data and sell-through data obtained from the SPs. In arriving at its estimate, the Company also considers historical product returns, the underlying product demand, and industry data specific to the specialty pharmaceutical distribution industry.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments, if any, for goods or services used in research and development are initially recorded as an asset and then recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services are performed. Research and development expenses include contract services, consulting, salaries, materials and supplies and overhead.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the impact of temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured under enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance is required to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company provides reserves for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions. The tax benefits recorded are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is “more likely than not” to be realized following resolution of any uncertainty related to the tax benefit, assuming that the matter in question will be raised by the tax authorities. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no such accruals.

As part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), beginning with the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company is required to capitalize research and development expenses, as defined under section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. For expenses that are incurred for research and development in the United States, the amounts will be amortized over 5 years, and expenses that are incurred for research and experimentation outside the United States will be amortized over 15 years.

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Net Loss per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share

3. Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share		27,368,354			37,800,960
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.30	)

Basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include the weighted average effect of outstanding pre-funded warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock for which the remaining unfunded exercise price is $0.001 per share.

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include unexercised stock options outstanding, unexercised warrants and unvested restricted stock units, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Stock options to purchase common stock		3,442,152		4,640,089
Warrants to purchase common stock		-		516,345
Unvested restricted stock units		42,250		333,125
Total		3,484,402		5,489,559

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

4. Investments

Cash in excess of the Company’s immediate requirements is invested in accordance with the Company’s investment policy that primarily seeks to maintain adequate liquidity and preserve capital.

A summary of the Company’s available-for-sale classified investments as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	At December 31, 2022
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	16,741	$	-	$	-	$	16,741
United States Treasury securities		15,768		7		-		15,775
United States Government Agency securities		14,584		25		-		14,609
Total	$	47,093	$	32	$	-	$	47,125

	At March 31, 2023
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	15,948	$	-	$	-	$	15,948
United States Government Agency securities		14,733		6		-		14,739
United States Treasury securities		9,929		2		-		9,931
Total	$	40,610	$	8	$	-	$	40,618

The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale investments, by contract maturity, as of March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	40,610	$	40,618
Total	$	40,610	$	40,618

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Inventory

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

5. Inventory

The Company's inventory balance consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	1,201	$	3,262
Work-in-process		29		-
Finished goods		-		359
	$	1,230	$	3,621

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work-in-process and
finished goods. The Company began capitalizing inventory costs following FDA approval of FUROSCIX in October 2022 and has not recorded any significant inventory write-downs since that time. The Company currently uses a limited number of third-party contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs") to produce its inventory.

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Property and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

6. Property and Equipment

Purchased property and equipment consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Office equipment	5 years	$	6		$	6
Office furniture	7 years		126			126
Computer equipment	3 years		15			15
Leasehold improvements	Life of lease		95			95
			242			242
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(188	)		(194	)
Property and equipment, net		$	54		$	48

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 was $9,000 and $6,000, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Contract research and development	$	1,827	$	1,749
Employee compensation and related costs		2,754		1,704
Accrued sales allowances and related costs		-		984
Consulting and professional service fees		603		908
State taxes		49		123
Accrued royalty payable		-		49
Financing related costs		29		-
Interest		16		-
Other		11		44
Total accrued expenses	$	5,289	$	5,561

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), provides a fair value hierarchy, which classifies fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations that require inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that are both significant to the fair value measurement and observable.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying values of the Company’s cash and restricted cash, prepaid expenses and deposits approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company’s loan payable is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value because the Company’s interest rate is near current market rates for instruments with similar characteristics.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2022
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	65,875	$	65,875	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		65,875		65,875		—		—
Commercial Paper		16,741		—		16,741		—
United States Treasury securities		15,775		15,775		—		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,609		—		14,609		—
Investments		47,125		15,775		31,350		—
Total	$	113,000	$	81,650	$	31,350	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
Total	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
	As of March 31, 2023
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	69,419	$	69,419	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		69,419		69,419		—		—
Commercial Paper		15,948		—		15,948		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,739		—		14,739		—
United States Treasury securities		9,931		9,931		—		—
Investments		40,618		9,931		30,687		—
Total	$	110,037	$	79,350	$	30,687	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Total	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510

Changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 derivative liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

At December 31, 2022	$	7,517
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(1,007	)
At March 31, 2023	$	6,510

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

9. Debt

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's debt balance as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Face value	$	50,000		$	50,000
Less: discount		(13,206	)		(12,748	)
Total		36,794			37,252
Less: current portion		—			—
Long-term portion	$	36,794		$	37,252

Oaktree Agreement

On October 13, 2022 (“Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Oaktree Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively “Oaktree”) to borrow up to $100.0 million in three tranches with a maturity date of October 13, 2027.

The first tranche of $50.0 million was drawn immediately, with $9.8 million of the proceeds used to repay in full the outstanding loan and fees under the 2019 Loan Agreement with SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank and $2.7 million in fees and expenses incurred in connection with the financing, leaving $37.5 million in available proceeds from the first tranche. The ability to draw the remaining $50.0 million is contingent upon reaching certain net sales revenue milestone targets prior to September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The term loan initially bears interest at the three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin of 8.75% (with a SOFR floor of 1.00% and a 3.00% cap). Once FUROSCIX achieves at least $100.0 million in trailing 12-month net sales, the applicable margin will step down to 8.25%. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments until the third anniversary of the Closing Date, after which the Company is required to make quarterly amortizing payments, with the remaining balance of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest due at maturity.

In connection with entering into the Oaktree Agreement, the Company granted warrants to Oaktree to purchase up to an aggregate of 516,345 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.40 per share. Upon inception, the Company evaluated the warrants and determined that they met all the requirements for equity classification under ASC Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). This transaction was accounted for as a detachable warrant at its fair value, using the relative fair value method, which is based on a number of unobservable inputs and is recorded as an increase to additional paid-in-capital on the consolidated statement of stockholder’s equity. The relative fair value of the warrants, $2.0 million, was reflected as a discount to the term loan and will be amortized over the life of the term loan using the effective interest method. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the warrants. Assumptions included the fair market value per share of common stock on the valuation date of $5.50, the exercise price per warrant equal to $5.40, the expected volatility of 77%, the risk-free interest rate of 4.11%, the expected term of 7 years and the absence of a dividend. The warrants are immediately exercisable and the exercise period expires on October 13, 2029.

The Company identified a number of embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the term loan and that were separately accounted for in the consolidated financial statements as one compound derivative liability. Certain of these embedded features include contingent interest rate reset upon event of default, contingent put options, including change in control and going concern provisions, and additional costs as a result of changes in law. These embedded features met the criteria requiring these to be bifurcated because they were not clearly and closely related to the host instrument in accordance with ASC 815-15 and the derivative liability is presented separately in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023. The fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities associated with the term loan was estimated using a hybrid between the discounted cash flow and Monte Carlo simulation methods. This involves significant Level 3 inputs and assumptions including an estimated probability and timing of a change in control. The Company re-evaluates this assessment each reporting period and any changes in estimated fair value is recorded as other income (expense). The initial recognition of the embedded derivative liability upon issuance of the Term Loan was $8.9 million. At March 31, 2023, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability was $6.5 million.

In connection with the issuance of the term loan, the Company recorded a debt discount of $13.6 million, inclusive of debt issuance costs, the derivative liability and the relative fair value of the warrants. The discount will be amortized over the life of the term loan using the effective interest method. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $459,000 related to the amortization of the debt discount associated with the Oaktree Agreement.

Prepayments of the term loan, in whole or in part, will be subject to a prepayment fee which declines each year until the fourth anniversary date of the Closing Date, after which no prepayment fee is required. The Company is also required to pay an exit fee upon any payment or prepayment equal to 2.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans funded under the Oaktree Agreement. The Company recorded an additional debt discount of $1.0 million related to the exit fee. For the three months ended

March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $34,000 related to the amortization of the exit fee associated with the Oaktree Agreement.

The Oaktree Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants requiring the Company to (i) maintain unrestricted cash of at least $15.0 million at all times, increasing to $20.0 million upon accessing the second tranche of the term loan and (ii) meet minimum quarterly net sales revenue targets.

In addition, the Oaktree Agreement contains customary events of default that could cause the Company’s indebtedness to become immediately due and payable. The lenders could declare the Company in default under its debt obligation upon the occurrence of any event that the lenders interpret as having a material adverse effect as defined under the Oaktree Agreement. Upon the occurrence and for the duration of an event of default, an additional interest rate equal to 2.0% per annum could apply to all obligations owed under the Oaktree Agreement. Among other loan covenant requirements, the Oaktree Agreement also requires the Company to provide an audit opinion of its annual financial statements not subject to any "going concern" or like qualification or exception.

SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan

In May 2017, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (the “2017 Loan Agreement”), with SLR Investment Corp. (f/k/a Solar Capital Ltd.) and Silicon Valley Bank (together, the “Lenders”), for $10.0 million.

In September 2019, the Company replaced the 2017 Loan Agreement with a new $20.0 million term loan with the Lenders (the “2019 Loan Agreement”). The 2019 Loan Agreement extended the term of the credit facility until September 17, 2023. Debt issuance costs for the 2019 Loan Agreement, including unamortized issuance costs for the 2017 Loan Agreement, were to be amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the 2019 Loan Agreement using the effective-interest method.

The interest rate under the 2019 Loan Agreement was the higher of (i) LIBOR plus 7.95% or (ii) 10.18% and there was an interest-only period until September 30, 2021. The rate at December 31, 2022 was 10.18%. Pursuant to the 2019 Loan Agreement, the Company provided a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets, including intellectual property, subject to certain exceptions.

The Company entered into an Exit Agreement in connection with the 2019 Loan Agreement which provided for an aggregate payment of 4% of the loan commitment, or $800,000, to the lenders upon the occurrence of an exit event (the “Exit Fee”). The Company paid the Exit Fee during 2020 in conjunction with the Company’s public offering, which was deemed to be an exit event pursuant to the Exit Agreement.

The 2019 Loan Agreement allowed the Company to voluntarily prepay all (but not less than all) of the outstanding principal at any time. A prepayment premium of 3% or 1% through the one-year anniversary and the two-year anniversary, respectively, would be assessed on the outstanding principal. After the two-year anniversary, a 0.5% prepayment premium would be assessed on the outstanding principal. A final payment fee of $500,000 was due upon the earlier to occur of the maturity date or prepayment of such borrowings.

In connection with the Oaktree Agreement, the Company paid off all unpaid borrowings under the 2019 Loan Agreement on October 13, 2022, including the $500,000 final fee and a prepayment premium of $46,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $87,000 related to the amortization of debt discount associated with the 2019 Loan Agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $34,000 related to the amortization of the final payment fee associated with the 2019 Loan Agreement.

In an event of default under the 2019 Loan Agreement, the interest rate would have been increased by 5% and the balance under the loan may have become immediately due and payable at the option of the lenders.

The 2019 Loan Agreement included restrictions on, among other things, the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, change the name or location of the Company’s business, merge with or acquire other entities, pay dividends or make other distributions to holders of its capital stock, make certain investments, engage in transactions with affiliates, create liens, sell assets or pay subordinated debt.

As of March 31, 2023, future principal payments due under the Oaktree Agreement were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	—
December 31, 2024		—
December 31, 2025		2,500
December 31, 2026		10,000
December 31, 2027		37,500
Total	$	50,000

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

10. Stockholders’ Equity

2021 At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On March 23, 2021, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the “2021 ATM Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock (the “2021 ATM Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million through Cowen as its sales agent. The Company agreed to pay Cowen a commission up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of such 2021 ATM Shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold 1,511,157 shares of its common stock under the 2021 ATM Agreement at a weighted average gross selling price of $9.30 per share for net proceeds of $13.7 million.

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

11. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

The Company’s 2017 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2017 Stock Plan”) became effective in November 2017, upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering and will expire in October 2027. Under the 2017 Stock Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other stock-based awards. The Company’s 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Stock Plan”) was terminated in November 2017 effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering and no further options will be granted under the 2014 Stock Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 598,411 options outstanding under the 2014 Stock Plan.

As of March 31, 2023, there were 7,475,463 shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan, including 359,860 options that have been forfeited from the 2014 Stock Plan.

At March 31, 2023, there were 3,199,318 options available for issuance under the 2017 Stock Plan, 3,902,928 options outstanding and 333,125 RSUs outstanding.

On February 1, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2023 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan") and, subject to the adjustment provisions of the Inducement Plan, reserved 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the Inducement Plan. At March 31, 2023, there were 361,250 options available for issuance under the Inducement Plan, and 138,750 options outstanding.

Awards granted under the 2017 Stock Plan and the Inducement Plan have a term of ten years. Vesting of awards under the 2017 Stock Plan and Inducement Plan is determined by the board of directors, but is generally over one to four-year terms.

The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Risk-free interest rate	1.67% - 1.90%		3.40% - 4.17%
Expected dividend yield	0%		0%
Expected life	5.6-6.7 years		5.6-7.0 years
Expected volatility	70%-72%		77%-85%
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	2.93	$	4.60

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	NUMBER OF SHARES			WEIGHTED- AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE		WEIGHTED- AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM		AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE
Outstanding, December 31, 2022		4,008,177		$	5.76
Granted		652,462			6.31
Forfeited		(20,550	)		5.33
Outstanding, March 31, 2023		4,640,089		$	5.84		7.58	$	15,792
Vested and exercisable, March 31, 2023		2,283,867		$	6.01		6.12	$	7,774
Vested and expected to vest, March 31, 2023		4,014,732		$	5.86		7.34	$	13,687

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	RSUs			AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE (IN DOLLARS PER SHARE)
RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2022		—		$	—
Granted		335,410			6.14
Forfeited		(2,285	)		6.14
RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023		333,125		$	6.14

Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options as of March 31, 2023 was $5.7 million and will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the underlying awards. The weighted-average period over which such compensation is expected to be recognized is 2.7 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs as of March 31, 2023 was $1.2 million and will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the underlying awards. The weighted-average period over which such compensation is expected to be recognized is 3.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In October 2017, the board of directors approved the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") which became effective in November 2017, upon the closing of the Company's IPO. As part of the ESPP, eligible employees may acquire an ownership

interest in the Company by purchasing common stock, at a discount, through payroll deductions. Eligible employees who elected to participate were able to participate in the ESPP beginning September 1, 2021.

As of March 31, 2023, there were 1,347,691 shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Research and development	$	254	$	340
General and administrative		382		640
Total	$	636	$	980

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The leases expire at various dates through 2025 and do not include renewal options.

Certain leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements. The leases generally also include real estate taxes and common area maintenance charges in the annual rental payments.

Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on a straight-line basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases.

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	433
December 31, 2024		9
December 31, 2025		1
Total minimum lease payments		443
Less imputed interest		(19	)
Total	$	424

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$	118		$	112
Short-term lease cost		13			9
Sublease income		(13	)		-
Total lease cost	$	118		$	121
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	140		$	163
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(18	)	$	(50	)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	0.8 years			0.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		10.1	%		10.1	%

Research and Development Agreements

As part of the Company’s research and development efforts, the Company enters into research and development agreements with certain companies. These agreements contain varying terms and provisions which include fees and milestones to be paid by the Company. Some of these agreements also contain provisions which require the Company to make payments for exclusivity in the development of products in the area of loop diuretics.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the

financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of bank deposits and money market accounts with financial institutions. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature and which the Company believes do not have a material exposure to credit risk. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent accounts, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	71,061	$	75,453
Restricted cash		182		-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	71,243	$	75,453

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded net of any estimated expected credit losses. The Company's measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. To date, expected credit losses have not been material.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances with high-quality financial institutions and, consequently, the Company believes that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. The Company’s short-term investments consist of United States Treasury securities, commercial paper and United States Government Agency securities. The Company has adopted an investment policy that limits the amounts the Company may invest in any one type of investment and requires all investments held by the Company to hold a minimum rating, thereby reducing credit risk exposure

As the Company executes its commercial launch, the Company has a limited number of specialty pharmacy customers. As of, and for the quarter ended, March 31, 2023, one customer represents 92% of accounts receivable and revenue, respectively.

Investments

Investments

The Company invests excess cash balances in available-for-sale debt securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of these securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. The Company reports available-for-sale investments at fair value at each balance sheet date and includes any unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other than temporary,” including the intention to sell and, if so, marks the investment to market through a charge to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. The Company began capitalizing inventory costs following U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval of FUROSCIX on October 7, 2022. Inventory is sold on a first in, first out ("FIFO") basis. The Company periodically reviews inventory for expiry and obsolescence and writes it down accordingly, if necessary. Prior to FDA approval of FUROSCIX, the Company expensed all

inventory-related costs, including that used for clinical development, to research and development ("R&D") costs in the period incurred.

Leases

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets, current portion of lease obligations, and long-term lease obligations on the Company’s balance sheets.

ROU lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating ROU lease assets and obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU lease asset excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs paid to the lender and third parties are reflected as a discount to the debt in the consolidated balance sheets

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangement that the Company determines are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customer (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has identified one performance obligation, the delivery of FUROSCIX to its customers. The Company has not incurred any incremental costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers. The Company’s revenues consist solely of the sale of FUROSCIX to customers in the United States.

Product Net Sales

FUROSCIX was approved by the FDA on October 7, 2022. The Company launched sales of FUROSCIX in the first quarter of 2023 to specialty pharmacies (“SPs”). The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at a point in time, typically upon receipt of product at the SPs, the date at which the rights, title, interest and risk of loss are transferred. Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration that result from (a) sales discounts, (b) rebates (c) co-pay assistance, and (d) product returns. Reserves are established for the estimates of variable consideration based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. The reserves for variable consideration are reflected as either as a reduction to the related account receivable or as an accrued liability, depending on how the consideration is settled. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in net product revenues only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results vary from its estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Sales Discounts: Sales discounts are agreed-upon discounts, from negotiated contracts, taken directly off the Company’s sales invoices. Sales discounts are recorded as an offset to revenue based on contractual terms at the time revenue from the sale is recognized.

Rebates: Allowance for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, TRICARE program and contractual rebates with commercial payers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or statutory

requirements. The allowance for rebates is based on contracted or statutory discount rates and expected utilization by benefit plan participants. The Company’s estimates for expected utilization of rebates are based on utilization data received from the SPs since product launch. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Co-Payment Assistance: The Company offers co-payment assistance to commercially insured patients meeting certain eligibility requirement. Co-payment assistance is accrued at the time of product sale to SPs based on estimated patient participation and average co-pay benefit to be paid per a claim. The Company’s estimated amounts are compared to actual program participation and co-pay amounts paid using data provided by third-party administrators. If actual amounts differ from the original estimates the assumptions being applied are updated and adjustment for prior period accruals will be adjusted in the current period.

Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers SPs limited product return rights for damages, shipment errors, and expiring product, provided that the return is within a specified period around the product expiration date as set forth in the applicable individual distribution agreement. The Company does not allow product returns for product that has been dispensed to a patient. As the Company receives inventory reports from the SPs and has the ability to control the amount of product that is sold to the SPs, it is able to make a reasonable estimate of future potential product returns based on this on-hand channel inventory data and sell-through data obtained from the SPs. In arriving at its estimate, the Company also considers historical product returns, the underlying product demand, and industry data specific to the specialty pharmaceutical distribution industry.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments, if any, for goods or services used in research and development are initially recorded as an asset and then recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services are performed. Research and development expenses include contract services, consulting, salaries, materials and supplies and overhead

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the impact of temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured under enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance is required to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company provides reserves for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions. The tax benefits recorded are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is “more likely than not” to be realized following resolution of any uncertainty related to the tax benefit, assuming that the matter in question will be raised by the tax authorities. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no such accruals.

As part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), beginning with the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company is required to capitalize research and development expenses, as defined under section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. For expenses that are incurred for research and development in the United States, the amounts will be amortized over 5 years, and expenses that are incurred for research and experimentation outside the United States will be amortized over 15 years.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	71,061	$	75,453
Restricted cash		182		-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	71,243	$	75,453

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Net Loss per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Net loss	$	(7,731	)	$	(11,210	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share		27,368,354			37,800,960
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.30	)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Net Loss Per Share

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include unexercised stock options outstanding, unexercised warrants and unvested restricted stock units, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Stock options to purchase common stock		3,442,152		4,640,089
Warrants to purchase common stock		-		516,345
Unvested restricted stock units		42,250		333,125
Total		3,484,402		5,489,559

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Available-for-Sale Classified Investments

A summary of the Company’s available-for-sale classified investments as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	At December 31, 2022
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	16,741	$	-	$	-	$	16,741
United States Treasury securities		15,768		7		-		15,775
United States Government Agency securities		14,584		25		-		14,609
Total	$	47,093	$	32	$	-	$	47,125

	At March 31, 2023
Investments - Current:	Cost Basis		Accumulated Unrealized Gains		Accumulated Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	15,948	$	-	$	-	$	15,948
United States Government Agency securities		14,733		6		-		14,739
United States Treasury securities		9,929		2		-		9,931
Total	$	40,610	$	8	$	-	$	40,618

Summary of Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Investments by Contract Maturity

The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale investments, by contract maturity, as of March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	40,610	$	40,618
Total	$	40,610	$	40,618

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Inventory (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

The Company's inventory balance consists of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	1,201	$	3,262
Work-in-process		29		-
Finished goods		-		359
	$	1,230	$	3,621

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Purchased Property and Equipment

Purchased property and equipment consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Office equipment	5 years	$	6		$	6
Office furniture	7 years		126			126
Computer equipment	3 years		15			15
Leasehold improvements	Life of lease		95			95
			242			242
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(188	)		(194	)
Property and equipment, net		$	54		$	48

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Contract research and development	$	1,827	$	1,749
Employee compensation and related costs		2,754		1,704
Accrued sales allowances and related costs		-		984
Consulting and professional service fees		603		908
State taxes		49		123
Accrued royalty payable		-		49
Financing related costs		29		-
Interest		16		-
Other		11		44
Total accrued expenses	$	5,289	$	5,561

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2022
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	65,875	$	65,875	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		65,875		65,875		—		—
Commercial Paper		16,741		—		16,741		—
United States Treasury securities		15,775		15,775		—		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,609		—		14,609		—
Investments		47,125		15,775		31,350		—
Total	$	113,000	$	81,650	$	31,350	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
Total	$	7,517	$	—	$	—	$	7,517
	As of March 31, 2023
	TOTAL		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	69,419	$	69,419	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents		69,419		69,419		—		—
Commercial Paper		15,948		—		15,948		—
United States Government Agency securities		14,739		—		14,739		—
United States Treasury securities		9,931		9,931		—		—
Investments		40,618		9,931		30,687		—
Total	$	110,037	$	79,350	$	30,687	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Total	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Derivative Liability

Changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 derivative liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

At December 31, 2022	$	7,517
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(1,007	)
At March 31, 2023	$	6,510

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Carrying Value of Debt Balnce

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's debt balance as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022			March 31, 2023
Face value	$	50,000		$	50,000
Less: discount		(13,206	)		(12,748	)
Total		36,794			37,252
Less: current portion		—			—
Long-term portion	$	36,794		$	37,252

Schedule of Future Principal Payments Due

As of March 31, 2023, future principal payments due under the Oaktree Agreement were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	—
December 31, 2024		—
December 31, 2025		2,500
December 31, 2026		10,000
December 31, 2027		37,500
Total	$	50,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Options Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Risk-free interest rate	1.67% - 1.90%		3.40% - 4.17%
Expected dividend yield	0%		0%
Expected life	5.6-6.7 years		5.6-7.0 years
Expected volatility	70%-72%		77%-85%
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	2.93	$	4.60

Summary of Information about Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	NUMBER OF SHARES			WEIGHTED- AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE		WEIGHTED- AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM		AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE
Outstanding, December 31, 2022		4,008,177		$	5.76
Granted		652,462			6.31
Forfeited		(20,550	)		5.33
Outstanding, March 31, 2023		4,640,089		$	5.84		7.58	$	15,792
Vested and exercisable, March 31, 2023		2,283,867		$	6.01		6.12	$	7,774
Vested and expected to vest, March 31, 2023		4,014,732		$	5.86		7.34	$	13,687

Schedule of RSU Activity

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	RSUs			AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE (IN DOLLARS PER SHARE)
RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2022		—		$	—
Granted		335,410			6.14
Forfeited		(2,285	)		6.14
RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023		333,125		$	6.14

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Research and development	$	254	$	340
General and administrative		382		640
Total	$	636	$	980

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Maturity Analysis of Annual Undiscounted Cash Flows of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$	433
December 31, 2024		9
December 31, 2025		1
Total minimum lease payments		443
Less imputed interest		(19	)
Total	$	424

Schedule of Lease Cost and Other Information of Operating Lease Liabilities

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
Lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$	118		$	112
Short-term lease cost		13			9
Sublease income		(13	)		-
Total lease cost	$	118		$	121
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	140		$	163
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(18	)	$	(50	)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	0.8 years			0.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		10.1	%		10.1	%

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accumulated deficit	$ (237,746)	$ (226,536)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments	$ 116,100

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Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 75,453	$ 71,061
Restricted cash		182
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 75,453	$ 71,243	$ 51,812	$ 74,450

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) Customer
Schedule Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Potential interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions, accruals | $	$ 0
Amortized period for expenses incurred for research and development in united states	5 years
Amortized period for expenses incurred for research and development outside united states	15 years
Number of Customer | Customer	1
Customer Concentration Risk | Accounts Receivable | Customer One
Schedule Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	92.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue | Customer One
Schedule Of Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of concentration risk	92.00%

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Net Loss per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (11,210)	$ (7,731)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic	37,800,960	27,368,354
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, diluted	37,800,960	27,368,354
Net loss per share, basic	$ (0.30)	$ (0.28)
Net loss per share, diluted	$ (0.30)	$ (0.28)

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Net Loss per Share (Additional Information) (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Exercise price per share	$ 0.001

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Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	5,489,559	3,484,402
Stock Options to Purchase Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	4,640,089	3,442,152
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	516,345
Unvested Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	333,125	42,250

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Investments - Summary of Available-for-Sale Classified Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost Basis	$ 40,610	$ 47,093
Accumulated Unrealized Gains	8	32
Fair Value	40,618	47,125
Commercial Paper
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost Basis	15,948	16,741
Fair Value	15,948	16,741
United States Treasury Securities
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost Basis	9,929	15,768
Accumulated Unrealized Gains	2	7
Fair Value	9,931	15,775
United States Government Agency Securities
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost Basis	14,733	14,584
Accumulated Unrealized Gains	6	25
Fair Value	$ 14,739	$ 14,609

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Investments - Summary of Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Investments by Contract Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost, Due in one year or less	$ 40,610
Amortized Cost, Total	40,610	$ 47,093
Fair Value, Due in one year or less	40,618
Fair Value, Total	$ 40,618	$ 47,125

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Inventory - Schedule of Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 3,262	$ 1,201
Work-in-process		29
Finished goods	359
Inventory, Net, Total	$ 3,621	$ 1,230

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Property and Equipment - Schedule of Purchased Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 242	$ 242
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(194)	(188)
Property and equipment, net	$ 48	54
Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	5 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 6	6
Office Furniture
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	7 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 126	126
Computer Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 15	15
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE	Life of lease
Property and equipment, gross	$ 95	$ 95

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Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 6,000	$ 9,000

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Contract research and development	$ 1,749	$ 1,827
Employee compensation and related costs	1,704	2,754
Accrued sales allowances and related costs	984
Consulting and professional service fees	908	603
State taxes	123	49
Accrued royalty payable	49
Financing related costs		29
Interest		16
Other	44	11
Total accrued expenses	$ 5,561	$ 5,289

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$ 6,510	$ 7,517
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets:
Cash equivalents	69,419	65,875
Investments	40,618	47,125
Total	110,037	113,000
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	6,510	7,517
Total	6,510	7,517
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Commercial Paper
Assets:
Investments	15,948	16,741
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | United States Treasury Securities
Assets:
Investments	9,931	15,775
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | United States Government Agency Securities
Assets:
Investments	14,739	14,609
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents	69,419	65,875
Investments	9,931	15,775
Total	79,350	81,650
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | United States Treasury Securities
Assets:
Investments	9,931	15,775
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Assets:
Investments	30,687	31,350
Total	30,687	31,350
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Commercial Paper
Assets:
Investments	15,948	16,741
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | United States Government Agency Securities
Assets:
Investments	14,739	14,609
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	6,510	7,517
Total	$ 6,510	$ 7,517

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Derivative Liability (Details) - Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 7,517
Change in fair value of derivative liability	$ (1,007)
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Ending balance	$ 6,510

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Debt - Schedule of Carrying Value of Debt Balance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Face value	$ 50,000	$ 50,000
Less: discount	(12,748)	(13,206)
Total	37,252	36,794
Long-term portion	$ 37,252	$ 36,794

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Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 13, 2022	Sep. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	May 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount			$ 50,000,000		$ 50,000,000
Exercise price per share			$ 0.001
Fair market value per share of common stock			$ 4.60	$ 2.93
Unamortized debt discount			$ (12,748,000)		$ (13,206,000)
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Expected life			5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 7 months 6 days
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Expected life			7 years	6 years 8 months 12 days
SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank | 2017 Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount						$ 10,000,000.0
SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank | 2019 Loan Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount		$ 20,000,000.0	$ 50,000,000
Loan agreement, maturity date		Sep. 17, 2023
Amortization of debt discount				$ 87,000
Final payment fee			$ 500,000
Amortization of final payment fee				$ 34,000
Debt instrument, interest rate terms			The interest rate under the 2019 Loan Agreement was the higher of (i) LIBOR plus 7.95% or (ii) 10.18%
Debt instrument, effective interest rate					10.18%
Exit fee, percentage			4.00%
Exit fee			$ 800,000
Prepayment premium percentage after year two			0.50%
Increase in interest rate on default			5.00%
Long term debt prepayment premium amount			$ 46,000
SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank | 2019 Loan Agreement | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate, minimum			10.18%
Prepayment premium percentage two			0.01
SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank | 2019 Loan Agreement | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage one			0.03
SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank | 2019 Loan Agreement | Libor
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate			7.95%
Oaktree Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan agreement, maturity date	Oct. 13, 2027
Basis spread on variable base rate	8.25%
Proceeds from (Repayments of) Debt, Total	$ 9,800,000
Payment of Financing and Stock Issuance Costs	2,700,000
Long term additional debt discount exit fee			$ 1,000,000.0
Embedded derivative liability upon issuance of Term Loan	8,900,000
Fair value of embedded derivative liability			6,500,000
Amortization of debt discount			459,000
Unamortized debt discount	$ (13,600,000)
Exit fee			$ 34,000,000
Prepayment premium percentage one	0.020
Increase in interest rate on default	2.00%
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Trailing of net sales	$ 100,000,000.0
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount	$ 100,000,000.0
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Exercise price per share	$ 5.40
Relative fair value of detachable warrants	$ 2,000,000.0
Risk-free rate	4.11%
Expected life	7 years
Fair market value per share of common stock	$ 5.50
Exercise price per warrant	$ 5.40
Expected volatility	77.00%
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Warrants | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchase shares of common stock	516,345
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	8.75%
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | SOFR | Interest Rate Floor [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	1.00%
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | SOFR | Interest Rate Cap [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	3.00%
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Borrowings One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount	$ 50,000,000.0
Proceeds from term loan	37,500,000
Unrestricted cash	15,000,000.0
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Borrowings Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount	50,000,000.0
Unrestricted cash	20,000,000.0
Oaktree Agreement [Member] | Borrowings Three [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan and security agreement, amount	$ 50,000,000.0

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Debt - Schedule of Future Principal Payments Due (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 50,000	$ 50,000
2019 Loan Agreement | SLR Investment Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
December 31, 2025	2,500
December 31, 2026	10,000
December 31, 2027	37,500
Total	$ 50,000		$ 20,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 23, 2021	Mar. 31, 2023
Common Stock
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Number of shares sold		1,511,157
2021 ATM Agreement
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Number of shares sold		1,511,157
Selling price per share		$ 9.30
Proceeds from sale of shares,Net		$ 13,700,000
2021 ATM Agreement | Cowen | Common Stock | Maximum
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price	$ 50,000,000.0
Percentage of commission on gross sales proceeds	3.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional options granted		652,462
Stock option, number of shares outstanding		4,640,089	4,008,177
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 5.7
Recognition period (in years)		2 years 8 months 12 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 1.2
Recognition period (in years)		3 years 9 months 18 days
2017 Stock Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option and incentive plan effective date		Nov. 30, 2017
Stock option and incentive plan expiration date		Oct. 31, 2027
Stock option, number of shares outstanding		3,902,928
Number of common shares authorized for issuance		7,475,463
Stock options, available for issuance		3,199,318
Term of option granted		10 years
2017 Stock Plan | Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term of option granted		1 year
2017 Stock Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term of option granted		4 years
2017 Stock Plan | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock units outstanding		333,125
2014 Stock Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional options granted		0
Stock option and incentive plan expiration date		Nov. 30, 2017
Stock option, number of shares outstanding		598,411
Number of options forfeited		359,860
2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of common stock shares available for issuance		1,347,691
2023 Employment Inducement Award Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option, number of shares outstanding		138,750
Stock options, available for issuance		361,250
Equity awards granted under the inducement , Granted	500,000
Term of option granted		10 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Options Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	3.40%	1.67%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	4.17%	1.90%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility, minimum	77.00%	70.00%
Expected volatility, maximum	85.00%	72.00%
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$ 4.60	$ 2.93
Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 7 months 6 days
Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life	7 years	6 years 8 months 12 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Information about Stock Option Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
NUMBER OF SHARES
Number of shares outstanding, beginning balance | shares	4,008,177
Additional options granted | shares	652,462
Number of shares forfeited | shares	(20,550)
Number of shares outstanding, ending balance | shares	4,640,089
Vested and exercisable, ending balance | shares	2,283,867
Vested and expected to vest, ending balance | shares	4,014,732
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE
Weighted average exercise prices, outstanding beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 5.76
Weighted average exercise prices, granted | $ / shares	6.31
Weighted average exercise prices, forfeited | $ / shares	5.33
Weighted average exercise prices, outstanding ending balance | $ / shares	5.84
Weighted average exercise prices, vested and exercisable ending balance | $ / shares	6.01
Weighted average exercise prices, vested and expected to vest ending balance | $ / shares	$ 5.86
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM
Weighted average remaining contractual term, outstanding	7 years 6 months 29 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, vested and exercisable	6 years 1 month 13 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, vested and expected to vest	7 years 4 months 2 days
AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding ending balance | $	$ 15,792
Aggregate intrinsic value, vested and exercisable ending balance | $	7,774
Aggregate intrinsic value, vested and expected to vest ending balance | $	$ 13,687

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of RSU Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs Outstanding, December 31, 2022 | shares	0
RSUs Granted | shares	335,410
RSUs Forfeited | shares	(2,285)
RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023 | shares	333,125
AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE, Outstanding, December 31, 2022 | $ / shares	$ 0
AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE, Granted | $ / shares	6.14
AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE, Forfeited | $ / shares	6.14
AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE, RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023 | $ / shares	$ 6.14

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 980	$ 636
Research and Development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	340	254
General and Administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 640	$ 382

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating leases expire	2025
Short-term lease asset	$ 466,000	$ 566,000
Short-term lease liability	419,000	$ 567,000
Short-term Leases Recognized on Straight-line Basis
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Short-term lease asset	0
Short-term lease liability	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Maturity Analysis of Annual Undiscounted Cash Flows of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Year ended:
December 31, 2023	$ 433
December 31, 2024	9
December 31, 2025	1
Total minimum lease payments	443
Less imputed interest	(19)
Total	$ 424

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Lease Cost and Other Information of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$ 112	$ 118
Short-term lease cost	9	13
Sublease income		(13)
Total lease cost	121	118
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	163	140
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (50)	$ (18)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	8 months 12 days	9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	10.10%	10.10%