Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company's financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are comprised of investment assets that include money market and investments, and a liability for common stock warrants.

The fair value accounting guidance requires that assets and liabilities be carried at fair value and classified in one of the following three categories:

Level I: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the Company has the ability to access

Level II: Observable market‑based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data, such as quoted prices, interest rates, and yield curves

Level III: Inputs that are unobservable data points that are not corroborated by market data.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

Assets and Liabilities That Are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	June 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total		Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Money market deposits	$	569	$	—	$	—	$	569	$	3,477	$	—	$	—	$	3,477
U.S. Treasury securities		36,865		—		—		36,865		67,026		—		—		67,026
U.S. agency securities		—		22,332		—		22,332		—		27,072		—		27,072
Municipal securities		—		11,704		—		11,704		—		12,149		—		12,149
Total financial assets	$	37,434	$	34,036	$	—	$	71,470	$	70,503	$	39,221	$	—	$	109,724

Current Liabilities:
Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,644	$	2,644
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,644	$	2,644

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not make any transfers between Level I and Level II assets.

The Company's warrants to purchase common stock are valued using Level III inputs; the Company used inputs from a Black-Scholes model with market volatility that is determined for comparable companies in the same business sector. The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value and are excluded from the table above.

The following table provides a roll forward of the fair value, as determined by Level III inputs, of the warrants for the six months ended June 30, 2018:


	Warrants
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	2,644
Change in fair value		4,119
Warrants exercised		(6,763)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	—

Warrants

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of warrants are derived from the Company's common stock valuation that is based on inputs from a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the expected term of 4.75 years, risk-free interest rate of 2.74%, and market volatility of 41.40% that was determined for comparable companies in the same business sector. The inherent risk in the market volatility is the selection of companies with similar business attributes to the Company.

Determining the fair value of warrants requires the application of judgment on the associated valuation assumptions described above. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of warrants represent the Company’s estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, the fair value of warrants could be significantly different in the future.

As of June 30, 2018, the warrants were fully exercised. See Note 10 for more detail regarding the exercise of warrants.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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