Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Before Income Taxes

Income from operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliated companies was as follows:

	Years Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2021
	(In millions)
Domestic	$	65	$	(20	)	$	(73	)
Foreign		386		355			479
Income from operations before income taxes and    equity in earnings of affiliated companies	$	451	$	335		$	406

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Tax provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

	Years Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2021
	(In millions)
U.S. federal and state:
Current	$	5		$	7		$	11
Deferred		(156	)		2			(1	)
Total		(151	)		9			10
Foreign:
Current		123			135			103
Deferred		—			(42	)		10
Total		123			93			113
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	(28	)	$	102		$	123

Reconciliation Using U.S. Statutory Rate

The provision (benefit) for income taxes differed from the provision for income taxes as calculated using the U.S. statutory rate as follows:

	Years Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2021
	(In millions)
Computed tax expense at the federal statutory rate	$	95		$	70		$	85
Foreign impact of taxation at different rates, repatriation,    valuation allowance, and other		30			38			8
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)		15			23			18
Purification Solutions business divestiture		—			(179	)		—
Impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic    Security ("CARES") Act of 2020		—			—			10
Impact of increase (decrease) in valuation allowance on    U.S. deferred taxes		(156	)		160			(1	)
U.S. and state benefits from research and experimentation    activities		(2	)		(2	)		(2	)
Provision (settlement) of unrecognized tax benefits		2			1			1
Permanent differences, net		(4	)		10			7
State taxes, net of federal effect		(8	)		(19	)		(3	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	(28	)	$	102		$	123

Components of Deferred Income Taxes

Significant components of deferred income taxes were as follows:

	September 30
	2023			2022
	(In millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred expenses	$	50		$	10
Intangible assets		42			39
Inventory		14			15
Operating lease liability		22			21
Other		6			32
U.S. federal interest expense carryforward		42			33
Pension and other benefits		24			29
Net operating loss carryforwards		244			224
Capital loss carryforwards		132			137
Foreign tax credit carryforwards		68			55
R&D credit carryforwards		49			47
Other business credit carryforwards		19			20
Subtotal		712			662
Valuation allowance		(498	)		(580	)
Total deferred tax assets	$	214		$	82

	September 30
	2023			2022
	(In millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	$	(47	)	$	(59	)
Right of use asset		(22	)		(21	)
Unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries		(15	)		(22	)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(84	)	$	(102	)

Expiration Dates of NOLs, Capital Loss and Other Tax Credit Carryforwards Before Valuation Allowances

The following table provides detail surrounding the expiration dates of NOLs, capital loss and other tax credit carryforwards before valuation allowances:

Years Ending September 30	NOLs/Capital Losses		Credits
	(In millions)
2024 - 2030	$	1,051	$	31
2031 and thereafter		268		103
Indefinite carryforwards		793		2
Total	$	2,112	$	136

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Years Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2021
	(In millions)
Balance at beginning of the year	$	159		$	21		$	23
Additions based on tax positions related to the current    year		1			138			1
Additions for tax positions of prior years		—			2			—
Reductions of tax positions of prior years		(137	)		(1	)		(2	)
Reductions related to settlements		(2	)		—			—
Reductions from lapse of statute of limitations		(1	)		(1	)		(1	)
Balance at end of the year	$	20		$	159		$	21