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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

We have historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to ordinary income or loss (pre-tax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items and pre-tax losses for which no benefit has been recognized) for the reporting period. For the three month and nine months periods ended September 30, 2017, we determined that since small changes in estimated ordinary annual income would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the use of a discrete effective tax rate is appropriate for the current quarter. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. We will use this method each quarter until the annual effective tax rate method is deemed appropriate. For the third quarter and the first nine months of 2017, we had a tax expense of $25 million and $75 million, respectively, on a loss before income taxes of $226 million and $784 million, respectively. Results for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2017 include losses with no significant tax benefit. The tax expense for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2017 also includes withholding taxes, minimum taxes and deemed profit taxes that do not directly correlate to ordinary income or loss.

We are continuously under tax examination in various jurisdictions. We cannot predict the timing or outcome regarding resolution of these tax examinations or if they will have a material impact on our financial statements. We continue to anticipate a possible reduction in the balance of uncertain tax positions of approximately $10 million in the next twelve months due to expiration of statutes of limitations, settlements and/or conclusions of tax examinations.

For both the third quarter and the first nine months of 2016, we had a tax expense of $692 million and $489 million, respectively, on a loss before income taxes of $1.1 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively. The primary component of the tax expense for the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 relates to the Company’s conclusion that certain deferred tax assets that had previously been benefited are not more likely than not to be realized. As a result, additional valuation allowances have been established for the United States and other jurisdictions.

Our results for the third quarter of 2016 include charges with no significant tax benefit principally related to $436 million of long-lived asset impairment, $198 million of excess and obsolete inventory charges, $62 million in accounts receivable reserves and write-offs, and $44 million of other asset write-offs and charges. In addition, we recorded a tax charge of $137 million for a non-cash tax expense related to an internal restructuring of subsidiaries.

Our results for the first nine months of 2016 also include charges with no significant tax benefit principally related to $436 million of long-lived asset impairment, $213 million of excess and obsolete inventory charges, $140 million of settlement charges, $84 million related to a note adjustment for our largest customer in Venezuela, $78 million of bond tender premium, $62 million in accounts receivable reserves and write-offs, $31 million of currency devaluation related to the Angolan kwanza, $20 million in pressure pumping business related charges, and $15 million in supply agreement charges related to a non-core business divestitures. In addition, we recorded a tax charge of $526 million for the establishment of a valuation allowance, and $137 million for a non-cash tax expense related to an internal restructuring of subsidiaries.