9. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately 3 million and 5 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share due to their antidilutive effect. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 8 million and 8 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share due to the Company recognizing a net loss for the period.

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share follows (in millions, except share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	20	$	(9	)	$	36		$	(49	)
Less: net income attributable to participating securities		—		—			(1	)		—
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company's stockholders	$	20	$	(9	)	$	35		$	(49	)
Denominator:
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		108,402,136		107,752,427			108,252,926			107,695,277
Effect of dilutive securities		643,371		—			313,348			—
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		109,045,507		107,752,427			108,566,274			107,695,277
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to the Company's stockholders:
Basic	$	0.18	$	(0.08	)	$	0.33		$	(0.45	)
Diluted	$	0.18	$	(0.08	)	$	0.33		$	(0.45	)

ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share,” requires companies with unvested participating securities to utilize a two-class method for the computation of net income attributable to the Company per share. The two-class method requires a portion of net income attributable to the Company to be allocated to participating securities, which are unvested awards of share-based payments with non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents, if declared. Net losses are not allocated to nonvested shares in periods that the Company determines that those shares are not obligated to participate in losses. For the periods that the Company recognized net income, net income attributable to the Company allocated to these participating securities was excluded from net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders in the numerator of the earnings per share computation.