Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was 8.6% compared to 9.1% for the corresponding period of 2022. In general, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate due to recurring items, such as differing tax rates on income earned in foreign jurisdictions, nondeductible expenses, state income taxes and the change in valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the recognition of tax expense from earnings in Canada offset by current year realization of deferred tax assets and corresponding release of valuation allowance in the U.S. The Company believes that the continued volatility of commodity prices as well as recent macroeconomic developments are likely to cause variations in its estimated ordinary income for the remainder of 2023. These deviations may result in significant increases or decreases in the Company’s forecasted annual effective tax rate. Consequently, the Company is continuing to rely on the discrete-period method for calculating its interim period tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company will evaluate its use of this method each quarter until such time as a return to the annualized estimated effective tax rate method is deemed appropriate.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S., various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has significant operations in the U.S. and Canada and to a lesser extent in various other international jurisdictions. Tax years that remain subject to examination vary by legal entity but are generally open in the U.S. for the tax years ending after 2018 and outside the U.S. for the tax years ending after 2016.