As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 11, 2024

Registration No. 333-282201

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1 to

FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

1847 HOLDINGS LLC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	5700	38-3922937
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

590 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10022

(212) 417-9800

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Ellery W. Roberts
Chief Executive Officer

590 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10022

(212) 417-9800

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:
Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq. Bevilacqua PLLC 1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 869-0888	Ross Carmel, Esq. Jeffrey Wofford, Esq. Mohit Agrawal, Esq. Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor New York, New York 10036 (212) 930-970

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer   ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 11, 2024

 

Up to 10,000,000 Common Units (Each Common Unit Consisting of One Common Share, One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Common Share and One Series B Warrant to Purchase one Common Share)

and/or

Up to 10,000,000 Pre-Funded Units (Each Pre-Funded Unit Consisting of One Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase One Common Share, One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Common Shares and One Series B Warrant to Purchase one Common Share)

We are offering on a best-efforts basis up to 10,000,000 common units, based on an assumed public offering price of $1.20 per common unit, which was the closing price of our common shares on NYSE American on October 8, 2024, for gross proceeds of up to approximately $12.0 million before deduction of placement agent commissions and offering expenses. Each common unit consists of one common share, one series A warrant to purchase one common share and one series B warrant to purchase one common share.

We are also offering to each purchaser of common units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding common shares immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase pre-funded units consisting of one pre-funded warrant (in lieu of one common share), one series A warrant and one series B warrant. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of pre-funded warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its pre-funded warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of common shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The purchase price of each pre-funded unit will be equal to the price per common unit including, minus $0.01, and the remaining exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will equal $0.01 per share. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. For each pre-funded unit we sell (without regard to any limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of common units we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

The common shares and pre-funded warrants can each be purchased in this offering only with the accompanying series A warrants and series B warrants that are part of a unit, but the components of the units will be immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.

Each series A warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance for one common share at an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the units and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Each series B warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance for one common share at an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the units and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Under an alternate cashless exercise option contained in the series A warrants, the holders of the series A warrants will have the right to receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (i) the aggregate number of common shares that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the series A warrants and (ii) 2.0. In addition, the series A warrants and series B warrants will contain a reset of the exercise price to a price equal to the lesser of (i) the then exercise price and (ii) lowest volume weighted average price for the five trading days immediately preceding and immediately following the date we effect a reverse share split in the future with a proportionate adjustment to the number of shares underlying the series A warrants and series B warrants, subject to a floor price of $0.10. Finally, with certain exceptions, the series B warrants will provide for an adjustment to the exercise price and number of shares underlying the series B warrants upon our issuance of our common shares or common share equivalents at a price per share that is less than the exercise price of the series B warrant, subject to a floor price of $0.10. See “Description of Securities” for more information.

Our common shares are listed on NYSE American under the symbol “EFSH.” On October 8, 2024, the closing price of our common shares on NYSE American was $1.20. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants, the series A warrants or the series B warrants on NYSE American or any other national securities exchange, and we do not expect a market to develop for such warrants.

We have engaged Spartan Capital Securities, LLC as our exclusive placement agent to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase our securities in this offering. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities we are offering and is not required to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual public amount, placement agent’s fee and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts and throughout this prospectus. We have agreed to pay the placement agent the placement agent fees set forth in the table below and to provide certain other compensation to the placement agent. See “Plan of Distribution” for more information regarding these arrangements.

Investing in our securities involves risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 20 of this prospectus.

	Per Common Unit(1)		Total
Public offering price	$	1.20	$	12,000,000
Placement agent fees(2)	$	0.11	$	960,000
Proceeds, before expenses, to us(3)	$	1.09	$	11,040,000

(1) Based on an assumed public offering price of $1.20 per common unit, the closing price of our common shares on October 8, 2024, and assuming no issuance of pre-funded units.

(2) The placement agent will receive compensation in addition to the placement agent fees. See “Plan of Distribution” for a complete description of the compensation arrangements.

(3) We estimate the total expenses of this offering, excluding the placement agent fees and non-accountable expense allowance, will be approximately $330,000.

We expect to deliver the common shares (and/or pre-funded warrants), series A warrants and series B warrants against payment in New York, New York on or about             , 2024.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Spartan Capital Securities, LLC

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Prospectus Summary	1
Risk Factors	20
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	47
Use of Proceeds	48
Dividend and Distribution Policy	49
Capitalization	50
Dilution	52
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	53
Corporate History and Structure	69
The Manager	71
Business	85
Management	101
Executive Compensation	108
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions	112
Principal Shareholders	113
Description of Securities	114
Shares Eligible For Future Sale	127
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations	128
Plan of Distribution	137
Legal Matters	140
Experts	140
Where You Can Find More Information	140
Documents Incorporated By Reference	141
Financial Statements	F-1

Neither we nor the placement agent has authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the placement agent are offering to sell our securities and seeking offers to buy our securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the placement agent has done anything that would permit this offering, or possession or distribution of this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States. See the section of this prospectus entitled “Plan of Distribution” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional information on these restrictions.

Unless otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus concerning economic conditions, our industries and our markets is based on a variety of sources, including information from third-party industry analysts and publications and our own estimates and research. This information involves a number of assumptions, estimates and limitations. The industry publications, surveys and forecasts and other public information generally indicate or suggest that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. None of the third-party industry publications used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf. The industries in which we operate are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications.

We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our businesses. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but the omission of such references is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable owner of these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

i 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding to invest in our securities. You should carefully read this entire prospectus before making an investment decision, including the information presented under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus and the historical financial statements and the notes thereto included in this prospectus. You should pay special attention to the information contained under the caption titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus before deciding to buy our securities.

Unless otherwise indicated by the context, reference in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” and similar references are to the combined business of 1847 Holdings LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Our Company

Overview

We are an acquisition holding company focused on acquiring and managing a group of small businesses, which we characterize as those that have an enterprise value of less than $50 million, in a variety of different industries headquartered in North America.

Through our structure, we offer investors an opportunity to participate in the ownership and growth of a portfolio of businesses that traditionally have been owned and managed by private equity firms, private individuals or families, financial institutions or large conglomerates. We believe that our management and acquisition strategies will allow us to achieve our goals to make and grow regular distributions to our common shareholders and increase common shareholder value over time.

We seek to acquire controlling interests in small businesses that we believe operate in industries with long-term macroeconomic growth opportunities, and that have positive and stable earnings and cash flows, face minimal threats of technological or competitive obsolescence and have strong management teams largely in place. We believe that private company operators and corporate parents looking to sell their businesses will consider us to be an attractive purchaser of their businesses. We make these businesses our majority-owned subsidiaries and actively manage and grow such businesses. We expect to improve our businesses over the long term through organic growth opportunities, add-on acquisitions and operational improvements.

Our Manager

We have engaged 1847 Partners LLC, which we refer to as our manager, to manage our day-to-day operations and affairs, oversee the management and operations of our businesses and perform certain other services on our behalf, subject to the oversight of our board of directors. We believe that our manager’s expertise and experience is a critical factor in executing our strategy to make and grow regular distributions to our common shareholders and increase common shareholder value over time. Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, is the sole manager of our manager and, as a result, our manager is an affiliate of Mr. Roberts.

At our inception, our manager engaged Ellery W. Roberts as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Roberts is also an employee of our manager and is seconded to our company, which means that he has been assigned by our manager to work for our company during the term of the management services agreement. Although Mr. Roberts is an employee of our manager, he reports directly to our board of directors.

We entered into a management services agreement with our manager on April 15, 2013, pursuant to which we are required to pay our manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of our company’s adjusted net assets for services performed.

Our manager owns all of our allocation shares, which are a separate class of limited liability company interests. The allocation shares generally will entitle our manager to receive a 20% profit allocation upon the sale of a particular subsidiary, calculated based on whether the gains generated by such sale (in excess of a high-water mark) plus certain historical profits of the subsidiary exceed an annual hurdle rate of 8% (which rate is multiplied by the subsidiary’s average share of our consolidated net assets). Once such hurdle rate has been exceeded then the profit allocation becomes payable to our manager as described in “The Manager—Our Manager as an Equity Holder—Manager’s Profit Allocation.”

1

Our Market Opportunity

We acquire and manage small businesses, which we characterize as those that have an enterprise value of less than $50 million. We believe that the merger and acquisition market for small businesses is highly fragmented and provides significant opportunities to purchase businesses at attractive prices. For example, according to GF Data, in 2023 platform acquisitions with enterprise values greater than $50.0 million commanded valuation premiums over 30% higher than platform acquisitions with enterprise values less than $50.0 million (8.0x to 9.9x trailing twelve month adjusted EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) versus 6.0x to 7.1x trailing twelve month adjusted EBITDA, respectively).

We believe that the following factors contribute to lower acquisition multiples for small businesses:

● there are typically fewer potential acquirers for these businesses;

● third-party financing generally is less available for these acquisitions;

● sellers of these businesses may consider non-economic factors, such as continuing board membership or the effect of the sale on their employees; and

● these businesses are generally less frequently sold pursuant to an auction process.

We believe that our management team’s strong relationships with business brokers, investment and commercial bankers, accountants, attorneys and other potential sources of acquisition opportunities offers us substantial opportunities to purchase small businesses. See “Management” for more information about our management team.

We also believe that significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of the businesses upon their acquisition. In the past, our manager has acquired businesses that are often formerly owned by seasoned entrepreneurs or large corporate parents. In these cases, our manager has frequently found that there have been opportunities to further build upon the management teams of acquired businesses. In addition, our manager has frequently found that financial reporting and management information systems of acquired businesses may be improved, both of which can lead to substantial improvements in earnings and cash flow. Finally, because these businesses tend to be too small to have their own corporate development efforts, we believe opportunities exist to assist these businesses in meaningful ways as they pursue organic or external growth strategies that were often not pursued by their previous owners.

Our Strategy

Our long-term goals are to make and grow regular distributions to our common shareholders and to increase common shareholder value over the long-term. We plan to continue focusing on acquiring businesses. Therefore, we intend to continue to identify, perform due diligence on, negotiate and consummate platform acquisitions of small businesses in attractive industry sectors.

We plan to limit the use of third-party (i.e., external) acquisition leverage so that our debt will not exceed the market value of the assets we acquire and so that our debt to EBITDA ratio will not exceed 1.25x to 1 for our operating subsidiaries. We believe that limiting leverage in this manner will avoid the imposition on stringent lender controls on our operations that would otherwise potentially hamper the growth of our operating subsidiaries and otherwise harm our business even during times when we have positive operating cash flows. Additionally, in our experience, leverage rarely leads to “break-out” returns and often creates negative return outcomes that are not correlated with the profitability of the business.

Our Management Strategy

Our management strategy involves the identification, performance of due diligence, negotiation and consummation of acquisitions. After acquiring businesses, we attempt to grow the businesses both organically and through add-on or bolt-on acquisitions. Add-on or bolt-on acquisitions are acquisitions by a company of other companies in the same industry. Following the acquisition of companies, we seek to grow the earnings and cash flow of acquired companies and, in turn, grow regular distributions to our common shareholders and to increase common shareholder value over time. We believe we can increase the cash flows of our businesses by applying our intellectual capital to improve and grow our businesses.

We seek to acquire and manage small businesses. We believe that the merger and acquisition market for small businesses is highly fragmented and provides opportunities to purchase businesses at attractive prices. We believe we will be able to acquire small businesses for multiples ranging from three to six times EBITDA. We also believe, and our manager has historically found, that significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of these businesses upon their acquisition.

2

In general, our manager oversees and supports the management team of our businesses by, among other things:

● recruiting and retaining managers to operate our businesses by using structured incentive compensation programs, including minority equity ownership, tailored to each business;

● regularly monitoring financial and operational performance, instilling consistent financial discipline, and supporting management in the development and implementation of information systems;

● assisting the management teams of our businesses in their analysis and pursuit of prudent organic growth strategies;

● identifying and working with business management teams to execute on attractive external growth and acquisition opportunities;

● identifying and executing operational improvements and integration opportunities that will lead to lower operating costs and operational optimization;

● providing the management teams of our businesses the opportunity to leverage our experience and expertise to develop and implement business and operational strategies; and

● forming strong subsidiary level boards of directors to supplement management teams in their development and implementation of strategic goals and objectives.

We also believe that our long-term perspective provides us with certain additional advantages, including the ability to:

● recruit and develop management teams for our businesses that are familiar with the industries in which our businesses operate;

● focus on developing and implementing business and operational strategies to build and sustain shareholder value over the long term;

● create sector-specific businesses enabling us to take advantage of vertical and horizontal acquisition opportunities within a given sector;

● achieve exposure in certain industries in order to create opportunities for future acquisitions; and

● develop and maintain long-term collaborative relationships with customers and suppliers.

We intend to continually increase our intellectual capital as we operate our businesses and acquire new businesses and as our manager identifies and recruits qualified operating partners and managers for our businesses.

Our Acquisition Strategy

Our acquisition strategies involve the acquisition of small businesses in various industries that we expect will produce positive and stable earnings and cash flow, as well as achieve attractive returns on our invested capital. In this respect, we expect to make acquisitions in industries wherein we believe an acquisition presents an attractive opportunity from the perspective of both (i) return on assets or equity and (ii) an easily identifiable path for growing the acquired businesses. We believe that attractive opportunities will increasingly present themselves as private sector owners seek to monetize their interests in longstanding and privately held businesses and large corporate parents seek to dispose of their “non-core” operations.

We believe that the greatest opportunities for generating consistently positive annual returns and, ultimately, residual returns on capital invested in acquisitions will result from targeting capital light businesses operating in niche geographical markets with a clearly identifiable competitive advantage within the following industries: business services, consumer services, consumer products, consumable industrial products, industrial services, niche light manufacturing, distribution, alternative/specialty finance and in select cases, specialty retail. While we believe that the professional experience of our management team within the industries identified above will offer the greatest number of acquisition opportunities, we will not eschew opportunities if a business enjoys an inarguable moat around its products and services in an industry which our management team may have less familiarity.

3

From a financial perspective, we expect to make acquisitions of small businesses that are stable, have minimal bad debt, and strong accounts receivable. In addition, we expect to acquire companies that have been able to generate positive pro forma cash available for distribution for a minimum of three years prior to acquisition. Our previous acquisitions met these acquisition criteria.

We benefit from our manager’s ability to identify diverse acquisition opportunities in a variety of industries. In addition, we rely upon our management teams’ experience and expertise in researching and valuing prospective target businesses, as well as negotiating the ultimate acquisition of such target businesses. In particular, because there may be a lack of information available about these target businesses, which may make it more difficult to understand or appropriately value such target businesses, our manager will:

● engage in a substantial level of internal and third-party due diligence;

● critically evaluate the management team;

● identify and assess any financial and operational strengths and weaknesses of any target business;

● analyze comparable businesses to assess financial and operational performances relative to industry competitors;

● actively research and evaluate information on the relevant industry; and

● thoroughly negotiate appropriate terms and conditions of any acquisition.

The process of acquiring new businesses is time-consuming and complex. Our manager has historically taken from 2 to 24 months to perform due diligence on, negotiate and close acquisitions. Although we expect our manager to be at various stages of evaluating several transactions at any given time, there may be significant periods of time during which it does not recommend any new acquisitions to us.

Upon an acquisition of a new business, we rely on our manager’s experience and expertise to work efficiently and effectively with the management of the new business to jointly develop and execute a business plan.

While primarily seek to acquire controlling interests in a business, we may also acquire non-control or minority equity positions in businesses where we believe it is consistent with our long-term strategy.

As discussed in more detail below, we intend to raise capital for additional acquisitions primarily through debt financing, primarily at our operating company level, additional equity offerings by our company, the sale of all or a part of our businesses or by undertaking a combination of any of the above.

Our primary corporate purpose is to own, operate and grow our operating businesses.  However, in addition to acquiring businesses, we expect to sell businesses that we own from time to time. Our decision to sell a business will be based upon financial, operating and other considerations rather than a plan to complete a sale of a business within any specific time frame.  We may also decide to own and operate some or all of our businesses in perpetuity if our board believes that it makes sense to do so. Upon the sale of a business, we may use the resulting proceeds to retire debt or retain proceeds for future acquisitions or general corporate purposes. Generally, we do not expect to make special distributions at the time of a sale of one of our businesses; instead, we expect that we will seek to gradually increase regular common shareholder distributions over time.

Our Current Businesses

Construction

Our construction business is operated through our subsidiaries Kyle’s Custom Wood Shop, Inc., an Idaho corporation, or Kyle’s, and Sierra Homes, LLC d/b/a Innovative Cabinets & Design, a Nevada limited liability company, or Innovative Cabinets, and prior to September 30, 2024, High Mountain Door & Trim Inc., a Nevada corporation, or High Mountain. Kyle’s was acquired in the third quarter of 2020 and Innovative Cabinets and High Mountain were acquired in the fourth quarter of 2021. This business segment accounted for approximately 57.8% and 64.9% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and for approximately 67.6% and 67.3% of our total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

4

Our construction business specializes in designing, building, and installing custom cabinetry and countertops. We primarily service large homebuilders and homeowners of single-family homes and commercial and multi-family developers in the greater Reno-Sparks-Fernley metro area in Nevada and in the Boise, Idaho area.

Automotive Supplies

Our automotive supplies business is operated by Wolo Mfg. Corp., a New York corporation, and Wolo Industrial Horn & Signal, Inc., a New York corporation, which we collectively refer to as Wolo. This business segment accounted for approximately 6.6% and 13.3% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and for approximately 9.5% and 8.7% of our total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our automotive supplies business is headquartered in Deer Park, New York and was founded in 1965. We design and sell horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle and industrial equipment), and offer vehicle emergency and safety warning lights for cars, trucks, industrial equipment and emergency vehicles. Focused on the automotive and industrial after-market, we sell our products to big-box national retail chains, through specialty and industrial distributors, as well as on- line/mail order retailers and original equipment manufacturers.

Recent Dispositions

Sale of High Mountain

On September 30, 2024, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with BFS Group LLC and our majority owned subsidiary High Mountain, pursuant to which we sold substantially all of the assets of High Mountain to BFS Group LLC for an aggregate cash only purchase price of $17,000,000, subject to certain pre-closing and post-closing adjustments.

ICU Eyewear Foreclosure Sale

Our company is a limited guarantor of an amended and restated credit and security agreement, or Loan Agreement, that was entered into on September 11, 2023 between AB Lending SPV I LLC d/b/a Mountain Ridge Capital, or the ICU Lender, and our subsidiaries ICU Eyewear, Inc., or ICU Eyewear, ICU Eyewear Holdings, Inc. and 1847 ICU Holdings Inc. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the ICU Lender had a security interest in all the assets of ICU Eyewear. ICU Eyewear was in default under the Loan Agreement and consented to a foreclosure by the ICU Lender and private sale of substantially all of its assets in an Article 9 sale process, pursuant to Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York and Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of California. On August 5, 2024, ICU Eyecare Solutions Inc., an entity that is not affiliated with our company, was the successful bidder with a cash bid of $4,250,000. Pursuant to an agreement dated August 5, 2024 and in consideration for such purchase price, the ICU Lender having foreclosed on its security interest in all of the assets of ICU Eyewear then conveyed all of its rights, title, and interest in all of such assets to ICU Eyecare Solutions Inc.

Asien’s Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors

On February 26, 2024, Asien’s Appliance, Inc., or Asien’s, a wholly owned subsidiary of our subsidiary 1847 Asien Inc., or 1847 Asien, entered into a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors with SG Service Co., LLC. Pursuant to the general assignment, Asien’s transferred ownership of all or substantially all of its right, title, and interest in, as well as custody and control of, its assets to SG Service Co., LLC. 

Our Structure

Our company is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed on January 22, 2013. Your rights as a holder of common shares, and the fiduciary duties of our board of directors and executive officers, and any limitations relating thereto, are set forth in the operating agreement governing our company and differ from those applying to a Delaware corporation. See “Description of Securities” for more information about the operating agreement. However, subject to certain exceptions, the documents governing our company specify that the duties of our directors and officers will be generally consistent with the duties of directors and officers of a Delaware corporation.

Our company is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the partnership income tax provisions, our company is not expected to incur any U.S. federal income tax liability; rather, each of our shareholders will be required to take into account his or her allocable share of company income, gain, loss, deduction and credit. As a holder of our shares, you may not receive cash distributions sufficient in amount to cover taxes in respect of your allocable share of our net taxable income. We will file a partnership return with the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and will issue you with tax information, including a Schedule K-1, setting forth your allocable share of our income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and other items. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply to partnerships are complex, and complying with the reporting requirements may require significant time and expense. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information.

We currently have five classes of limited liability company interests - the common shares, the series A senior convertible preferred shares, the series C senior convertible preferred shares, the series D senior convertible preferred shares and the allocation shares. All of our allocation shares have been and will continue to be held by our manager. See “Description of Securities” for more information about our shares.

5

Our Competitive Advantages

We believe that our manager’s collective investment experience and approach to executing our investment strategy provide us with several competitive advantages. These competitive advantages, certain of which are discussed below, have enabled our management to generate very attractive risk- adjusted returns for investors in their predecessor firms.

Robust Network. Through their activities with their predecessor firms and their comprehensive marketing capabilities, we believe that the management team of our manager has established a “top of mind” position among investment bankers and business brokers targeting small businesses. By employing an institutionalized, multi-platform marketing strategy, we believe our manager has established a robust national network of personal relationships with intermediaries, seasoned operating executives, entrepreneurs and managers, thereby firmly establishing our presence and credibility in the small business market. In contrast to many other buyers of and investors in small businesses, we believe that we can buy businesses at value-oriented multiples and through our asset management activities with a group of professional, experienced and talented operating partners, create appreciable value. We believe our experience, track record and consistent execution of our marketing and investment activities will allow us to maintain a leadership position as the preferred partner for today’s small business market.

Disciplined Deal Sourcing. We employ an institutionalized, multi-platform approach to sourcing new acquisition opportunities. Our deal sourcing efforts include leveraging relationships with more than 3,000 qualified deal sources through regular calling, mail and e-mail campaigns, assignment of regional marketing responsibilities, in-person visits and high-profile sponsorship of important conferences and industry events. We supplement these activities by retaining selected intermediary firms to conduct targeted searches for opportunities in specific categories on an opportunistic basis. As a result of the significant time and effort spent on these activities, we believe we established close relationships and unique “top of mind” awareness with many of the most productive intermediary sources for small business acquisition opportunities in the United States. While reinforcing our market leadership, this capability enables us to generate a large number of attractive acquisition opportunities.

Differentiated Acquisition Capabilities in the Small Business Market. We deploy a differentiated approach to acquiring businesses in the small business market. Our management concentrates their efforts on mature companies with sustainable value propositions, which can be supported by our resources and institutional expertise. Our evaluation of acquisition opportunities typically involves significant input from a seasoned operating partner with relevant experience, which we believe enhances both our diligence and ongoing monitoring capabilities. In addition, we approach every acquisition opportunity with creative structures, which we believe enables us to engineer mutually attractive scenarios for sellers, whereas competing buyers may be limited by their rigid structural requirements. We believe our commitment to conservative capital structures and valuation will enhance each acquired operating subsidiary’s ability to deliver consistent levels of cash available for distribution, while additionally supporting reinvestment for growth.

Value Proposition for Business Owners. We employ a creative, flexible approach by tailoring each acquisition structure to meet the specific liquidity needs and certain qualitative objectives of the target’s owners and management team. In addition to serving as an exit pathway for sellers, we seek to align our interests with the sellers by enabling them to retain and/or earn (through incentive compensation) a substantial economic interest in their businesses following the acquisition and by typically allowing the incumbent management team to retain operating control of the acquired operating subsidiary on a day-to-day basis. We believe that our company is an appealing buyer for small business owners and managers due to our track record of capitalizing portfolio companies conservatively, enhancing our ability to execute on its strategic initiatives and adding equity value. As a result, we believe business owners and managers will find our company to be a dynamic, value-added buyer that brings considerable resources to achieve their strategic, capital and operating needs, resulting in substantial value creation for the operating subsidiary.

Operating Partner. Our manager has consistently worked with a strong network of seasoned operating partners - former entrepreneurs and executives with extensive experience building, managing and optimizing successful small businesses across a range of industries. We believe that our operating partner model will enable us to make a significant improvement in the operating subsidiary, as compared to other buyers, such as traditional private equity firms, which rely principally upon investment professionals to make acquisition/investment and monitoring decisions regarding not only the business, financial and legal due diligence aspects of a business but also the more operational aspects including industry dynamics, management strength and strategic growth initiatives. We typically engage an operating partner soon after identifying a target business for acquisition, enhancing our acquisition judgment and building the acquisition team’s relationship with the subsidiary’s management team. Operating partners usually serve as a member of the board of directors of an operating subsidiary and spend two to four days per month working with the subsidiary’s management team. We leverage the operating partner’s extensive experience to build the management team, improve operations and assist with strategic growth initiatives, resulting in value creation.

Small Business Market Experience. We believe the history and experience of our manager’s partnering with companies in the small business market allows us to identify highly attractive acquisition opportunities and add significant value to our operating subsidiaries. Our manager’s investment experience in the small business market prior to forming our company has further contributed to our institutional expertise in the acquisition, strategic and operational decisions critical to the long-term success of small businesses. Since 2000, the management team of our manager has collectively been presented with several thousand investment opportunities and actively worked with more than 30 small businesses on all facets of their strategy, development and operations, which we have successfully translated into unique, institutionalized capabilities directed towards creating value in small businesses.

6

Our Risks and Challenges

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks summarized below. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section immediately following this Prospectus Summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Structure

● Our auditors have issued a going concern opinion on our audited financial statements.

● We may not be able to effectively integrate the businesses that we acquire.

● We may experience difficulty as we evaluate, acquire and integrate businesses that we may acquire, which could result in drains on our resources, including the attention of our management, and disruptions of our on-going business.

● We may not be able to successfully fund acquisitions due to the unavailability of debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, which could impede the implementation of our acquisition strategy.

● If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from the anticipated dividends and interest payments that we expect to receive from our businesses, we may not be able to make distributions to our shareholders.

Risks Related to Our Construction Business

● The loss of any of our key customers could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

● Our business primarily relies on U.S. home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels, all of which are impacted by risks associated with fluctuations in the housing market. 

● Increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing for home improvements may cause our sales and profitability to decrease.

● The nature of our construction business exposes us to product liability, workmanship warranty, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract and other claims and legal proceedings.

● We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key finished goods and raw materials to us.

Risks Related to Our Automotive Supply Business

● If we fail to offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices or fail to maintain sufficient inventory to meet customer demands, our revenue could decline.

● We are highly dependent upon key suppliers and an interruption in such relationships or our ability to obtain products from such suppliers could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

● We are dependent upon relationships with manufacturers in Taiwan and China, which exposes us to complex regulatory regimes and logistical challenges.

● If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline and our reputation could be harmed.

● We face exposure to product liability lawsuits.

● Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.

7

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager

● Termination of the management services agreement will not affect our manager’s rights to receive profit allocations and removal of our manager may cause us to incur significant fees.

● Our manager and the members of our management team may engage in activities that compete with us or our businesses.

● The management fee and profit allocation to be paid to our manager may significantly reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to shareholders and for operations.

● Our manager’s influence on conducting our business and operations, including acquisitions, gives it the ability to increase its fees and compensation to our Chief Executive Officer, which may reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares

● We may not be able to maintain a listing of our common shares on NYSE American.

● The market price, trading volume and marketability of our common shares may, from time to time, be significantly affected by numerous factors beyond our control, which may materially adversely affect the market price of your common shares, the marketability of your common shares and our ability to raise capital through future equity financings.

● There is no public market for the series A warrants, series B warrants or pre-funded warrants being offered.

● Holders of the series A warrants, series B warrants and pre-funded warrants will have no rights as shareholders until such holders exercise such warrants.

● The best efforts structure of this offering may have an adverse effect on our business plan.

● You will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.

● Future sales of our securities may affect the market price of our common shares and result in material dilution.

● We may issue additional debt and equity securities, which are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 590 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10022 and our telephone number is 212-417-9800. We maintain a website at www.1847holdings.com. Kyle’s maintains a website at www.kylescabinets.com, Innovative Cabinets maintains a website at www.innovativecabinetsanddesign.com and Wolo maintains a website at www.wolo-mfg.com. Information available on our websites is not incorporated by reference in and is not deemed a part of this prospectus.

Reverse Splits

On September 11, 2023, we effected a 1-for-25 reverse split of our outstanding common shares. On January 8, 2024, we effected a 1-for-4 reverse split of our outstanding common shares. On July 8, 2024, we effected a 1-for-13 reverse split of our outstanding common shares. All share and per share data set forth in this prospectus have been retroactively adjusted to reflect these reverse share splits.

8

The Offering

Securities being offered:	We are up to 10,000,000 common units, based on an assumed public offering price of $1.20 per common unit, which was the closing price of our common shares on NYSE American on October 8, 2024. Each common unit consists of one common share, one series A warrant to purchase one common share each and one series B warrant to purchase one common share. We are also offering to each purchaser of common units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding common shares immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase pre-funded units consisting of one pre-funded warrant (in lieu of one common share), one series A warrant and one series B warrant. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of pre-funded warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its pre-funded warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of common shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The purchase price of each pre-funded unit will be equal to the price per common unit, minus $0.01, and the remaining exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will equal $0.01 per share. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. For each pre-funded unit we sell (without regard to any limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of common units we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. The common shares and pre-funded warrants can each be purchased in this offering only with the accompanying series A warrants and series B warrants that are part of a unit, but the components of the units will be immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.
Best efforts offering:	We have agreed to offer and sell the securities offered hereby to the purchasers through a placement agent. The placement agent is not required to buy or sell any specific number or dollar amount of the securities offered hereby, but it will use its reasonable best-efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered by and under this prospectus. See “Plan of Distribution” section beginning on page 137 for more information.
Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants:	Each series A warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance for one common share at an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the units and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Each series B warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance for one common share at an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the units and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Under an alternate cashless exercise option contained in the series A warrants, the holders of the series A warrants will have the right to receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (i) the aggregate number of common shares that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the series A warrants and (ii) 2.0. In addition, the series A warrants and series B warrants will contain a reset of the exercise price to a price equal to the lesser of (i) the then exercise price and (ii) lowest volume weighted average price for the five trading days immediately preceding and immediately following the date we effect a reverse share split in the future with a proportionate adjustment to the number of shares underlying the series A warrants and series B warrants, subject to a floor price of $0.10. Finally, with certain exceptions, the series B warrants will provide for an adjustment to the exercise price and number of shares underlying the series B warrants upon our issuance of our common shares or common share equivalents at a price per share that is less than the exercise price of the series B warrant, subject to a floor price of $0.10. See “Description of Securities” for more information

9

	We have inquired of officials at NYSE American whether the price resets set forth in each of the series A and series B warrants would require shareholder approval notwithstanding the fact that this offering is intended to qualify as a “public offering” under Rule 713 of the NYSE American Company Guide.  We have been informed by officials at NYSE American that if this transaction is deemed to be a public offering under the rules of NYSE American, then shareholder approval would not be required. However, NYSE American has not made a determination at this time as to whether this is or is not a public offering and may not make such determination prior to the effective date of this offering. Should NYSE American determine that this offering does or did not qualify as a “public offering” under the rules of the exchange, the alternative cashless exercise option in the series A warrants and certain anti-dilution provisions in the series B warrants would at such time and will thereafter not be effective until, and unless, we obtain the approval of our shareholders. Should NYSE American notify us that the exchange has determined that this offering does or did not qualify as a “public offering” under the rules of the exchange, no later than ninety (90) days following such notice, we will use reasonable best efforts to obtain, at a special meeting of our shareholders at which a quorum is present, such approval. In such an event, we will prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a proxy statement under Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, to be sent to shareholders in connection with such shareholder meeting. If we do not obtain shareholder approval at the first meeting, we shall call a meeting at least every ninety (90) days thereafter to seek shareholder approval until the earlier of the date on which such shareholder approval is obtained or the warrants are no longer outstanding. While we intend to promptly seek shareholder approval in such an instance, there is no guarantee that shareholder approval would ever be obtained. If we are required to and are unable to obtain shareholder approval, the series A warrants and series B warrants will have substantially less value. In addition, in such an event, we will incur substantial cost, and management will devote substantial time and attention, in attempting to obtain shareholder approval.
Common shares to be outstanding after this offering:(1)	10,684,413 common shares if the maximum number of common units being offered are sold (assuming that no pre-funded units are issued).
Use of proceeds:	We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $10.6 million if the maximum number of common units being offered are sold, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay certain debt and for working capital and general corporate purposes, which could include future acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 48 for more information.
Risk factors:	Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 20.
Trading market and symbol:	Our common shares are listed on NYSE American under the symbol “EFSH.” We do not intend to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants, series A warrants or series B warrants on NYSE American or any other national securities exchange, and we do not expect a market to develop for such warrants.
Transfer agent:	The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is VStock Transfer, LLC.

(1) The number of common shares outstanding immediately following this offering is based on 684,413 common shares outstanding as of October 8, 2024 and excludes:

● 9,420 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares;

● 83,603 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series C senior convertible preferred shares;

● 484,081 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series D senior convertible preferred shares;

● 18,225 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $267.05 per share;

10

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $24,110,000, which are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $0.13 (subject to adjustment);

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $724,281, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of 20% OID subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,164,060, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of a 20% OID subordinated promissory note in the principal amount of $625,000, which is convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● 38,462 common shares that are reserved for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan; and

● the common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in this offering.

11

Summary Consolidated Financial Information

The following tables summarize certain financial data regarding our business and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Our summary consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years then ended are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived our summary consolidated financial data as of June 30, 2024 and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

All financial statements included in this prospectus are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The summary financial information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with our historical financial statements and related notes. Our financial statements fully represent our financial condition and operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023			2023			2022
	(unaudited)			(unaudited)
Statements of Operations Data
Total revenues	$	30,414,856		$	30,327,696		$	68,681,818		$	48,929,124
Total operating expenses		36,068,930			30,729,543			88,616,961			54,668,632
Loss from operations		(5,654,074	)		(401,847	)		(19,935,143	)		(5,739,508	)
Total other income (expense)		(10,554,567	)		(1,104,533	)		(11,280,929	)		(6,739,405	)
Net loss from continuing operations before income taxes		(16,208,641	)		(1,506,380	)		(31,216,072	)		(12,478,913	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		145,250			(703,321	)		(391,855	)		1,677,000	)
Net loss from continuing operations		(16,063,391	)		(2,209,701	)		(31,607,927	)		(10,801,913	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(262,577	)		(712,854	)		-			-
Gain on disposition of Asien’s		1,060,095			-			-			-
Net loss	$	(15,265,873	)	$	(2,922,555	)	$	(31,607,927	)	$	(10,801,913	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations		49,435			228,715			1,602,779			642,313
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations		(59,304	)		35,643			-			-
Net loss attributable to company	$	(15,275,742	)		(2,658,197	)	$	(30,005,148	)	$	(10,159,600	)
Preferred share dividends		(130,786	)		(328,092	)		(512,967	)		(899,199	)
Deemed dividends		(1,000	)		(2,369,000	)		(2,398,000	)		(9,012,730	)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(15,407,528	)	$	(5,355,289	)	$	(32,916,115	)	$	(20,071,529	)
Loss per share from continuing operations – basic and diluted	$	(41.60	)	$	(1,182.53	)	$	(328.82	)	$	(271.79	)

	As of June 30, 2024			As of December 31, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents	$	800,989		$	766,414		$	1,079,355
Total current assets		16,428,816			18,714,632			11,225,701
Total assets		34,421,110			39,368,197			45,484,699
Total current liabilities		38,522,356			28,139,223			14,161,291
Total liabilities		64,945,119			59,408,886			42,594,865
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)		(30,524,009	)		(20,040,689	)		2,889,834
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$	34,421,110		$	39,368,197		$	45,484,699

12

Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information presented below sets forth the financial position and results of operations of our company after giving effect to the dispositions of High Mountain, ICU Eyewear and Asien’s described above. The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the regulations of the SEC.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 was prepared as if the dispositions had occurred on June 30, 2024, the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was prepared as if the dispositions had occurred on January 1, 2024 and the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was prepared as if the dispositions had occurred on January 1, 2023.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent what the actual consolidated results of operations or the consolidated financial position of our company would have been had the dispositions occurred on the dates assumed, nor are the necessarily indicative of future consolidated results of operations or financial position.

The pro forma financial information has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

13

1847 HOLDINGS LLC

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

AS OF JUNE 30, 2024

	1847 Holdings LLC			HMDT Pro Forma Adjustments (Note H-1)			ICU Pro Forma Adjustments (Note I-1)			Other Pro Forma Adjustments			Notes	Pro Forma Condensed
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	800,989		$	(15,551	)	$	(196,794	)	$	928,263		(G-4)	$	1,516,907
Receivables, net		7,629,202			(4,425,836	)		(1,248,973	)		-				1,954,393
Contract assets		66,003			-			-			-				66,003
Inventories, net		6,730,114			(973,875	)		(4,874,332	)		-				881,907
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,202,508			(4,565	)		(39,041	)		7,000,000		(G-5)		8,158,902
Total Current Assets		16,428,816			(5,419,827	)		(6,359,140	)		7,928,263				12,578,112
Property and equipment, net		1,349,771			(356,853	)		(145,423	)		-				847,495
Operating lease right-of-use assets		3,304,287			(1,056,111	)		(1,547,770	)		-				700,406
Long-term deposits		153,735			(29,400	)		(74,800	)		-				49,535
Intangible assets, net		4,133,449			(2,053,614	)		-			-				2,079,835
Goodwill		9,051,052			(6,959,898	)		-			-				2,091,154
TOTAL ASSETS	$	34,421,110		$	(15,875,703	)	$	(8,127,133	)	$	7,928,263			$	18,346,537
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	15,423,374		$	(2,866,931	)	$	(6,552,717	)	$	(1,635,479	)	(G-3)	$	4,062,647
											(305,600	)	(G-2)
Contract liabilities		2,136,106			(583,362	)		-			-				1,552,744
Due to related parties		193,762			-			-			-				193,762
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,096,428			(343,050	)		(301,685	)		-				451,693
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		177,030			-			-			-				177,030
Current portion of notes payable, net		8,880,042			(172,897	)		(500,000	)		-				8,207,145
Current portion of convertible notes payable, net		3,198,231			(1,236,975	)		-			(1,236,975	)	(G-2)		724,281
Current portion of related party note payable		578,290			-			-			-				578,290
Revolving line of credit		3,691,558			-			(3,691,558	)		-				-
Derivative liabilities		2,882,435			-			-			-				2,882,435
Warrant liabilities		265,100			-			-			-				265,100
Total Current Liabilities		38,522,356			(5,203,215	)		(11,045,960	)		(3,178,054	)			19,095,127
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		2,372,922			(776,496	)		(1,303,445	)		-				292,981
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		515,490			-			-			-				515,490
Notes payable, net of current portion		213,663			(199,913	)		-			-				13,750
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion		22,646,688			-			-			-				22,646,688
Deferred tax liability, net		674,000			(302,000	)		-			-				372,000
Inter-Company		-			(1,582,455	)		(1,241,228	)		2,823,683		(G-1)		-
TOTAL LIABILITIES		64,945,119			(8,064,079	)		(13,590,633	)		(354,371	)			42,936,036
Shareholders’ Equity
Series A convertible preferred shares		38,177			-			-			-				38,177
Series D convertible preferred shares		214,000			-			-			-				214,000
Allocation shares		1,000			-			-			-				1,000
Common shares		614			-			-			-				614
Distribution receivable		(2,000,000	)		-			-			-				(2,000,000	)
Additional paid-in capital		62,769,531	)		-			-			-				62,769,531	)
Accumulated deficit		(90,242,920	)		(7,409,551	)		5,463,500			8,282,634		(G-6)		(83,906,337	)
TOTAL 1847 HOLDINGS SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		(29,219,598	)		(7,409,551	)		5,463,500			8,282,634				(22,883,015	)
NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS		(1,304,411	)		(402,073	)		-			-				(1,706,484	)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		(30,524,009	)		(7,811,624	)		5,463,500			8,282,634				(24,589,499	)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	34,421,110		$	(15,875,703	)	$	(8,127,133	)	$	7,928,263			$	18,346,537

14

1847 HOLDINGS LLC

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024

	1847 Holdings LLC			HMDT Pro Forma Adjustments (Note H-1)			ICU Pro Forma Adjustments (Note I-1)			Other Pro Forma Adjustments		Notes	Pro Forma Condensed
Revenues	$	30,414,856		$	(15,810,081	)	$	(6,973,068	)	$	-		$	7,631,707
Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		18,083,074			(9,110,445	)		(4,420,530	)		-			4,552,099
Personnel		6,522,258			(2,699,643	)		(1,253,954	)		-			2,568,661
Depreciation and amortization		845,930			(296,418	)		(209,192	)		-			340,320
General and administrative		4,528,480			(2,158,914	)		(1,210,132	)		-			1,159,434
Professional fees		4,872,222			(88,594	)		(625,333	)		-			4,158,295
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		1,216,966			-			(1,216,966	)		-			-
Total Operating Expenses		36,068,930			(14,354,014	)		(8,936,107	)		-			12,778,809
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(5,654,074	)		(1,456,067	)		1,963,039			-			(5,147,102	)
Other Income (Expenses)
Other income (expense)		27,837			(275	)		(19,953	)		-			7,609
Gain (loss) on disposal of property and equipment		(13,815	)		13,815			-			-			-
Interest expense		(2,619,489	)		244,455			380,187			-			(1,994,847	)
Amortization of debt discounts		(6,604,925	)		52,242			683,029			-			(5,869,654	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,200,750	)		-			-			-			(1,200,750	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,759,600			-			-			-			1,759,600	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(1,903,025	)		-			-			-			(1,903,025	)
Total Other Expenses		(10,554,567	)		310,237			1,043,263			-			(9,201,067	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(16,208,641	)		(1,145,830	)		3,006,302			-			(14,348,169	)
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)		145,250			260,000			(11,250	)		-			394,000
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	$	(16,063,391	)	$	(885,830	)	$	2,995,052		$	-		$	(13,954,169	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		(262,577	)		885,830			(2,995,052	)		-			(2,371,799	)
Gain on disposition of subsidiary		1,060,095			-			-			9,668,724	(G-6)		10,728,819
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	(15,265,873	)	$	-		$	-		$	9,668,724		$	(5,597,149	)
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS		49,435			66,437			-			-			115,872
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		(59,304	)		-			-			-			(59,304	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS	$	(15,275,742	)	$	66,437		$	-		$	9,668,724		$	(5,540,581	)
NET LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS		(16,013,956	)		(819,393	)		2,995,052			-			(13,838,297	)
NET LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS		738,214			885,830			(2,995,052	)		9,668,724			8,297,716
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS	$	(15,275,742	)	$	66,437		$	-		$	9,668,724		$	(5,540,581	)
PREFERRED SHARE DIVIDENDS		(130,786	)		-			-			-			(130,786	)
DEEMED DIVIDENDS		(1,000	)		-			-			-			(1,000	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS COMMON SHAREHOLDERS	$	(15,407,528	)	$	66,437		$	-		$	9,668,724		$	(5,672,367	)
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	$	(41.60	)										$	(35.99	)
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		1.90												21.38
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE	$	(39.70	)										$	(14.61	)
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING – BASIC AND DILUTED		388,136												388,136

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1847 HOLDINGS LLC

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

	1847 Holdings LLC			Asien’s Pro Forma Adjustments (Note A-1)			HMDT Pro Forma Adjustments (Note H-1)			ICU Pro Forma Adjustments (Note I-1)			Other Pro Forma Adjustments		Notes	Pro Forma Condensed
Revenues	$	68,681,818		$	(8,961,248	)	$	(30,076,338	)	$	(15,454,097	)	$	-		$	14,190,135
Operating Expenses														-
Cost of revenues		45,139,169			(7,083,662	)		(18,679,372	)		(11,738,639	)		-			7,637,496
Personnel		13,593,090			(1,052,118	)		(4,757,201	)		(2,793,210	)		-			4,990,561
Depreciation and amortization		2,240,680			(151,362	)		(555,361	)		(371,662	)		-			1,162,295
General and administrative		9,743,565			(1,538,954	)		(3,755,111	)		(1,542,980	)		-			2,906,520
Professional fees		3,252,409			(185,935	)		(164,674	)		(157,797	)		-			2,744,003
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		14,648,048			(1,484,229	)		(2,707,732	)		-			-			10,456,087
Total Operating Expenses		88,616,961			(11,496,260	)		(30,619,451	)		(16,604,288	)		-			29,896,962
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(19,935,143	)		2,535,012			543,113			1,150,191			-			(15,706,827	)
Other Income (Expenses)														-
Other income (expense)		(213,391	)		(4,674	)		(35	)		230,711			-			12,611
Gain (loss) on disposal of property and equipment		18,026			-			(18,026	)		-			-			-
Interest expense		(11,442,802	)		312,605			1,200,226			1,069,546			-			(8,860,425	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(27,900	)		-			-			-			-			(27,900	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		385,138			-			-			-			-			385,138
Total Other Expenses		(11,280,929	)		307,931			1,182,165			1,300,257			-			(8,490,576	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(31,216,072	)		2,842,943			1,725,278			2,450,448			-			(24,197,403	)
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)		(391,855	)		(37,145	)		620,000			18,000			-			209,000
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	$	(31,607,927	)	$	2,805,798		$	2,345,278		$	2,468,448		$	-		$	(23,988,403	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		-			(2,805,798	)		(2,345,278	)		(2,468,448	)		-			(7,619,524	)
Gain on disposition of subsidiary		-			-			-			-			10,557,307	(G-6)		10,557,307
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	(31,607,927	)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	10,557,307		$	(21,050,620	)
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS		1,602,779			(140,290	)		(175,896	)		-			-			1,286,593
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		-			140,290			175,896			-			-			316,186
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS	$	(30,005,148	)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	10,557,307		$	(19,447,841	)
NET LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS		(30,005,148	)		2,665,508			2,169,382			2,468,448			-			(22,701,810	)
NET LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS		-			(2,665,508	)		(2,169,382	)		(2,468,448	)		10,557,307			3,253,969
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS	$	(30,005,148	)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	10,557,307		$	(19,447,841	)
PREFERRED SHARE DIVIDENDS		(512,967	)		-			-			-			-			(512,967	)
DEEMED DIVIDENDS		(2,398,000	)		-			-			-			-			(2,398,000	)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS COMMON SHAREHOLDERS	$	(32,916,115	)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	10,557,307		$	(22,358,808	)
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO 1847 HOLDINGS COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	$	(328.82	)													$	(255.86	)
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	-														$	32.51
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE	$	(328.82	)													$	(223.35	)
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING – BASIC AND DILUTED		100,105															100,105

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1847 HOLDINGS LLC

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSACTIONS

Sale of High Mountain

On September 30, 2024, 1847 Holdings LLC (the “Company”) entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with BFS Group LLC (the “Buyer”), and the Company’s majority owned subsidiary High Mountain Door & Trim Inc. (“HMDT”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell substantially all of the assets of HMDT to the Buyer (the “HMDT Disposition”). The closing of the HMDT Disposition was completed on September 30, 2024.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Buyer acquired HMDT for an aggregate cash only purchase price of $17,000,000, subject to certain pre-closing and post-closing adjustments (the “Purchase Price”). At closing, the Purchase Price was subject to a working capital adjustment and was also reduced by the amount of outstanding indebtedness repaid at closing (as more particularly described below) or assumed by the Buyer, as well as certain transaction expenses. Additionally, the Purchase Price was reduced by $1,700,000, which may be used for certain post-closing payments (the “Holdback Amount”).

The Purchase Price is also subject to a post-closing adjustment. Under this provision, HMDT delivered to the Buyer an estimated closing statement forth the estimated closing date payment amount, which included, among other things, HMDT’s estimate of the net working capital of HMDT and its business (the “Net Working Capital”) as of the closing date, calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. Within 90 to 120 days following the closing date, the Buyer must deliver to HMDT a final closing statement setting forth its determination of the actual closing date payment amount, including, among other things, the Buyer’s determination of the Net Working Capital as of the closing date (the “Final Net Working Capital Calculation”). If the actual closing date payment amount exceeds the estimated closing date payment amount, the Buyer must, within ten business days, pay to HMDT an amount of cash that is equal to such excess. If the estimated closing date payment amount exceeds the actual closing date payment amount, HMDT must, within ten business days, pay to the Buyer an amount in cash equal to such excess. If HMDT fails to make such payment, the Buyer will have the right to recover such amount from the Holdback Amount.

Under the Purchase Agreement, the Buyer must use commercially reasonable efforts in the ordinary course of business to collect accounts receivable in a manner no less rigorous than the collection efforts used in Buyer’s own business operations, but is entitled to compensation for any uncollected accounts from the Holdback Amount. In addition, the Purchase Agreement provides that the Buyer must use commercially reasonable efforts in the ordinary course of business to finish and sell any special order or custom inventory that was included in the final net working capital, but is entitled to compensation, on the one-year anniversary of the closing, for any unsold special order or custom inventory from the Holdback Amount.

Original Issue Discount Promissory Note

On June 28, 2024, the Company’s subsidiary, 1847 Cabinet Inc., a Delaware corporation (“1847 Cabinet”), issued an original issue discount promissory note to Breadcrumbs Capital LLC with a principal amount of up to $2,472,000 (the “Breadcrumbs Note”), which is secured by a lien on all the assets of 1847 Cabinet and its subsidiaries, including the assets of HMDT. In connection with the HMDT Disposition and the release of the lien on HMDT’s assets in connection therewith, $1,102,038 of the Purchase Price was used to pay down the Breadcrumbs Note.

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Secured Convertible Promissory Notes

On October 8, 2021, the Company issued two secured convertible promissory notes in the principal amount of $16,900,000 and $7,860,000 to SILAC Insurance Company (“SILAC”) and a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 to Leonite Capital LLC (“Leonite”). Thereafter, (i) on September 1, 2023, SILAC entered into a securities purchase agreement with Altimir Partners LP (“Altimir”), pursuant to which Altimir agreed to purchase the secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $16,900,000, $765,306.12 of which was then acquired by Leonite, and (ii) on December 1, 2023, SILAC entered into a securities purchase agreement with Beaman Special Opportunities Partners, LP (“Beaman”), pursuant to which Beaman purchased that the secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $7,860,000. All of the foregoing notes were secured by all of the assets of HMDT. In connection with the HMDT Disposition, $5,815,767.91 of the Purchase Price was paid to Altimir and $2,819,710.83 of the Purchase Price was paid to Beaman. These funds are being held by Altimir and Beauman in a reserve account for the Company’s use in connection with a potential acquisition. If such potential acquisition is not completed by November 15, 2024, then these funds will be used to pay down these notes.

6% Subordinated Convertible Promissory Notes

On October 8, 2021, 1847 Cabinet issued 6% subordinated convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,880,345 to Steven J. Parkey and Jose D. Garcia-Rendon. In connection with the HMDT Disposition, $3,207,057.94 of the Purchase Price was used to repay the remaining principal and interest of the notes in full.

ICU Eyewear Foreclosure Sale

The Company is a limited guarantor of an Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) that was entered into on September 11, 2023, between AB Lending SPV I LLC d/b/a Mountain Ridge Capital (the “ICU Lender”), and the Company’s subsidiaries ICU Eyewear, Inc. (“ICU Eyewear”), ICU Eyewear Holdings, Inc., and 1847 ICU Holdings Inc. (the “ICU Parties”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the ICU Lender had a security interest in all the assets of ICU Eyewear. ICU Eyewear was in default under the Loan Agreement and, with the approval of the other ICU Parties, consented to a foreclosure by the ICU Lender and private sale of substantially all of its assets in an Article 9 sale process, pursuant to Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York and Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of California (the “ICU Asset Sale”). On August 5, 2024, ICU Eyecare Solutions Inc. (“ICU Solutions”), an entity that is not affiliated with the Company, was the successful bidder of the ICU Asset Sale with a cash bid of $4,250,000. Pursuant to an agreement dated August 5, 2024 and in consideration for such purchase price, the ICU Lender having foreclosed on its security interest in all of the assets of ICU Eyewear then conveyed all of its rights, title, and interest in all of such assets to ICU Solutions.

Asien’s Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors

On February 26, 2024, Asien’s Appliance, Inc. (“Asien’s”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company’s subsidiary 1847 Asien Inc. (“1847 Asien”), entered into a general assignment (the “Assignment Agreement”), for the benefit of its creditors, with SG Service Co., LLC (the “Assignee”). Pursuant to the Assignment Agreement, Asien’s transferred ownership of all or substantially all of its right, title, and interest in, as well as custody and control of, its assets to the Assignee in trust (the “Asien’s Assignment,” and together with the HMDT Disposition and the ICU Asset Sale, the “Dispositions”). 

NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRO FORMA PRESENTATION

The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 was prepared as if the Dispositions had occurred on June 30, 2024, the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was prepared as if the Dispositions had occurred on January 1, 2024 and the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was prepared as if the Dispositions had occurred on January 1, 2023.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent what the actual consolidated results of operations or the consolidated financial position of the Company would have been had the Dispositions occurred on the dates assumed, nor are the necessarily indicative of future consolidated results of operations or financial position.

18

NOTE 3 – PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements are as follows:

(A-1)	Reflects the Asien’s Assignment.
(H-1)	Reflects the HMDT Disposition (including HMDT indebtedness repayments from proceeds).
(I-1)	Reflects the ICU Asset Sale.
(G-1)	Reflects the amounts due to the Company from subsidiaries (previously eliminated at consolidation) that were forgiven by the Company upon the Dispositions.
(G-2)	Reflects the amounts due to the former sellers of HMDT paid from closing proceeds.
(G-3)	Reflects the amounts of accrued interest due from the Company under the secured convertible promissory notes described above for accrued interest.
(G-4)	Reflects the net proceeds received in the HMDT Disposition.
(G-5)	Reflects the amounts held in reserves/escrow for working capital holdback.
(G-6)	Reflects the preliminary net gain on the Dispositions.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before purchasing our securities. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) what we believe to be the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable. Any of the following factors could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Structure

Our auditors have issued a going concern opinion on our audited financial statements.

Although our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm that accompanies our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 contains a going concern qualification in which such firm expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, based on the financial statements at that time. We have generated losses since inception and have relied on cash on hand, sales of securities, external bank lines of credit, and issuance of third-party and related party debt to support cashflow from operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred a net loss of $31.6 million (before deducting losses attributable to non-controlling interests) and cash flows used in operations of $7.5 million.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, management believes, based on our operating plan, that current working capital and current and expected additional financing is sufficient to fund operations and satisfy our obligations as they come due for at least one year from the financial statement issuance date. However, we do believe additional funds are required to execute our business plan and our strategy of acquiring additional businesses. The funds required to execute our business plan will depend on the size, capital structure and purchase price consideration that the seller of a target business deems acceptable in a given transaction. The amount of funds needed to execute our business plan also depends on what portion of the purchase price of a target business the seller of that business is willing to take in the form of seller notes or our equity or equity in one of our subsidiaries.

Although we do not believe that we will require additional cash to continue our operations over the next twelve months, there are no assurances that we will be able to raise our revenues to a level which supports profitable operations and provides sufficient funds to pay obligations in the future. Our prior losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, continued operations and our ability to acquire additional businesses may be dependent on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, and there are no assurances that such financing will be available to us at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we are unable to generate additional funds in the future through our operations, financings or from other sources or transactions, we will exhaust our resources and will be unable to continue operations. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our shareholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us.

We may not be able to effectively integrate the businesses that we acquire.

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions will depend on our ability to integrate those businesses with our own. The combination of multiple independent businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate businesses into our business, or if such integration is successfully accomplished, that such integration will not be costlier or take longer than presently contemplated. Integration of future acquisitions may include various risks and uncertainties, including the factors discussed in the paragraph below. If we cannot successfully integrate and manage the businesses within a reasonable time, we may not be able to realize the potential and anticipated benefits of such acquisitions, which could have a material adverse effect on our share price, business, cash flows, results of operations and financial position.

20

We will consider other acquisitions that we believe will complement, strengthen and enhance our growth. We evaluate opportunities on a preliminary basis from time to time, but these transactions may not advance beyond the preliminary stages or be completed. Such acquisitions are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including:

● the inability to integrate effectively the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies (some of which are in diverse geographic regions) and achieve expected synergies;

● the potential disruption of existing business and diversion of management’s attention from day-to-day operations;

● the inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies;

● the need or obligation to divest portions of the acquired companies;

● the potential failure to identify material problems and liabilities during due diligence review of acquisition targets;

● the potential failure to obtain sufficient indemnification rights to fully offset possible liabilities associated with acquired businesses; and

● the challenges associated with operating in new geographic regions.

Our future success is dependent on the employees of our manager, our manager’s operating partners and the management team of our business, the loss of any of whom could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.

Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of the employees of our manager. The loss of their services may materially adversely affect our ability to manage the operations of our businesses. The employees of our manager may leave our manager and go to companies that compete with us in the future. In addition, we depend on the assistance provided by our manager’s operating partners in evaluating, performing diligence on and managing our businesses. The loss of any employees of our manager or any of our manager’s operating partners may materially adversely affect our ability to implement or maintain our management strategy or our acquisition strategy.

The future success of our existing and future businesses also depends on the respective management teams of those businesses because we intend to operate our businesses on a stand-alone basis, primarily relying on their existing management teams for day-to-day operations. Consequently, their operational success, as well as the success of any organic growth strategy, will be dependent on the continuing efforts of the management teams of our businesses. We will seek to provide these individuals with equity incentives and to have employment agreements with certain persons we have identified as key to their businesses. However, these measures may not prevent these individuals from leaving their employment. The loss of services of one or more of these individuals may materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.

We may experience difficulty as we evaluate, acquire and integrate businesses that we may acquire, which could result in drains on our resources, including the attention of our management, and disruptions of our on-going business.

We acquire small businesses in various industries. Generally, because such businesses are privately held, we may experience difficulty in evaluating potential target businesses as much of the information concerning these businesses is not publicly available. Therefore, our estimates and assumptions used to evaluate the operations, management and market risks with respect to potential target businesses may be subject to various risks and uncertainties. Further, the time and costs associated with identifying and evaluating potential target businesses and their industries may cause a substantial drain on our resources and may divert our management team’s attention away from the operations of our businesses for significant periods of time.

In addition, we may have difficulty effectively integrating and managing acquisitions. The management or improvement of businesses we acquire may be hindered by a number of factors, including limitations in the standards, controls, procedures and policies implemented in connection with such acquisitions. Further, the management of an acquired business may involve a substantial reorganization of the business’ operations resulting in the loss of employees and customers or the disruption of our ongoing businesses. We may experience greater than expected costs or difficulties relating to an acquisition, in which case, we might not achieve the anticipated returns from any particular acquisition.

We face competition for businesses that fit our acquisition strategy and, therefore, we may have to acquire targets at sub-optimal prices or, alternatively, forego certain acquisition opportunities.

We have been formed to acquire and manage small businesses. In pursuing such acquisitions, we expect to face strong competition from a wide range of other potential purchasers. Although the pool of potential purchasers for such businesses is typically smaller than for larger businesses, those potential purchasers can be aggressive in their approach to acquiring such businesses. Furthermore, we expect that we may need to use third-party financing in order to fund some or all of these potential acquisitions, thereby increasing our acquisition costs. To the extent that other potential purchasers do not need to obtain third-party financing or are able to obtain such financing on more favorable terms, they may be in a position to be more aggressive with their acquisition proposals. As a result, in order to be competitive, our acquisition proposals may need to be aggressively priced, including at price levels that exceed what we originally determined to be fair or appropriate. Alternatively, we may determine that we cannot pursue on a cost-effective basis what would otherwise be an attractive acquisition opportunity.

21

We may not be able to successfully fund acquisitions due to the unavailability of debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, which could impede the implementation of our acquisition strategy.

In order to make acquisitions, we intend to raise capital primarily through debt financing, primarily at our operating company level, additional equity offerings, the sale of equity or assets of our businesses, offering equity in our company or our businesses to the sellers of target businesses or by undertaking a combination of any of the above. Because the timing and size of acquisitions cannot be readily predicted, we may need to be able to obtain funding on short notice to benefit fully from attractive acquisition opportunities. Such funding may not be available on acceptable terms. In addition, the level of our indebtedness may impact our ability to borrow at our company level. The sale of additional shares of any class of equity will also be subject to market conditions and investor demand for such shares at prices that may not be in the best interest of our shareholders. These risks may materially adversely affect our ability to pursue our acquisition strategy.

We may change our management and acquisition strategies without the consent of our shareholders, which may result in a determination by us to pursue riskier business activities.

We may change our strategy at any time without the consent of our shareholders, which may result in our acquiring businesses or assets that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the strategy described in this prospectus. A change in our strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate and currency fluctuations, subject us to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Company Act, or subject us to other risks and uncertainties that affect our operations and profitability.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from the anticipated dividends and interest payments that we expect to receive from our businesses, we may not be able to make distributions to our shareholders.

Our primary business is the holding and managing of controlling interests in our operating businesses. Therefore, we will be dependent upon the ability of our businesses to generate cash flows and, in turn, distribute cash to us in the form of interest and principal payments on indebtedness and distributions on equity to enable us, first, to satisfy our financial obligations and, second, to make distributions to our common shareholders. The ability of our businesses to make payments to us may also be subject to limitations under the laws of the jurisdictions in which they are incorporated or organized. If, as a consequence of these various restrictions or otherwise, we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from our businesses, we may not be able to declare, or may have to delay or cancel payment of, distributions to our common shareholders.

In addition, the put price and profit allocation will be payment obligations and, as a result, will be senior in right to the payment of any distributions to our shareholders. Further, we are required to make a profit allocation to our manager upon satisfaction of applicable conditions to payment. See “The Manager—Our Manager as an Equity Holder” for more information about our manager’s put right and profit allocation.

Our loans with third parties contain certain terms that could materially adversely affect our financial condition.

We and our subsidiaries are parties to certain loans with third parties, which are secured by the assets of our subsidiaries.  The loans agreements contain customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative financial and other covenants. If an event of default were to occur under any of these loans, the lender thereto may pursue all remedies available to it, including declaring the obligations under its respective loan immediately due and payable, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion regarding our borrowing activities.

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In the future, we may seek to enter into other credit facilities to help fund our acquisition capital and working capital needs. These credit facilities may expose us to additional risks associated with leverage and may inhibit our operating flexibility and reduce cash flow available for payment of distributions to our shareholders.

We may seek to enter into other credit facilities with third-party lenders to help fund our acquisitions. Such credit facilities will likely require us to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn amount and will likely contain a number of affirmative and restrictive covenants.

If we violate any such covenants, our lenders could accelerate the maturity of any debt outstanding and we may be prohibited from making any distributions to our shareholders. Such debt may be secured by our assets, including the stock we may own in businesses that we acquire and the rights we have under intercompany loan agreements that we may enter into with our businesses. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations may be affected by events beyond our control and will depend primarily upon cash produced by businesses that we currently manage and may acquire in the future and distributed or paid to us. Any failure to comply with the terms of our indebtedness may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

In addition, we expect that such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates which will generally change as interest rates change. We will bear the risk that the rates that we are charged by our lenders will increase faster than we can grow the cash flow from our businesses or businesses that we may acquire in the future, which could reduce profitability, materially adversely affect our ability to service our debt, cause us to breach covenants contained in our third-party credit facilities and reduce cash flow available for distribution.

We may engage in a business transaction with one or more target businesses that have relationships with our executive officers, our directors, our manager, our manager’s employees or our manager’s operating partners, or any of their respective affiliates, which may create or present conflicts of interest.

We may decide to engage in a business transaction with one or more target businesses with which our executive officers, our directors, our manager, our manager’s employees, our manager’s operating partners, or any of their respective affiliates, have a relationship, which may create or present conflicts of interest. Regardless of whether we obtain a fairness opinion from an independent investment banking firm with respect to such a transaction, conflicts of interest may still exist with respect to a particular acquisition and, as a result, the terms of the acquisition of a target business may not be as advantageous to our shareholders as it would have been absent any conflicts of interest.

The operational objectives and business plans of our businesses may conflict with our operational and business objectives or with the plans and objective of another business we own and operate.

Our businesses operate in different industries and face different risks and opportunities depending on market and economic conditions in their respective industries and regions. A business’ operational objectives and business plans may not be similar to our objectives and plans or the objectives and plans of another business that we own and operate. This could create competing demands for resources, such as management attention and funding needed for operations or acquisitions, in the future.

If, in the future, we cease to control and operate our businesses or other businesses that we acquire in the future or engage in certain other activities, we may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

We have the ability to make investments in businesses that we will not operate or control. If we make significant investments in businesses that we do not operate or control, or that we cease to operate or control, or if we commence certain investment-related activities, we may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Our decision to sell a business will be based upon financial, operating and other considerations rather than a plan to complete a sale of a business within any specific time frame. If we were deemed to be an investment company, we would either have to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, obtain exemptive relief from the SEC or modify our investments or organizational structure or our contract rights to fall outside the definition of an investment company. Registering as an investment company could, among other things, materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations, materially limit our ability to borrow funds or engage in other transactions involving leverage and require us to add directors who are independent of us or our manager and otherwise will subject us to additional regulation that will be costly and time-consuming.

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The impact of geopolitical conflicts may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We acquire inventory in regions outside the United States, including Asia. As a result, our operations are affected by economic, political and other conditions in the foreign countries in which we do business as well as U.S. laws regulating international trade. Specifically, instability in the geopolitical environment in many parts of the world (including as a result of the on-going Russia and Ukraine war, the conflict between Israel and Hamas and increasingly tense China-Taiwan relations) and other disruptions may continue to put pressure on global economic conditions. Notably, approximately 90% of Wolo’s vendor base is located in China and supply chain issues have escalated shipping costs in recent years. In addition, all of ICU Eyewear’s manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturers, including many located in China and Taiwan. Our inability to respond to and manage the potential impact of such events effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, countries across the globe are instituting sanctions and other penalties against Russia and are becoming more wary of China. While we do not have operations in, and do not obtain products from, Russia or Ukraine, the retaliatory measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by the U.S., NATO, and other countries have created global security concerns that could result in broader European military and political conflicts and otherwise have a substantial impact on regional and global economies, any or all of which could adversely affect our business.

While the broader consequences are uncertain at this time, the continuation and/or escalation of the Russian and Ukraine conflict or the Israel and Hamas conflict, along with any expansion of the conflict to surrounding areas, create a number of risks that could adversely impact our business, including:

● increased inflation and significant volatility in commodity prices;

● disruptions to our technology infrastructure, including through cyberattacks, ransom attacks or cyber-intrusion;

● adverse changes in international trade policies and relations;

● our ability to maintain or increase our prices, including freight in response to rising fuel costs;

● disruptions in global supply chains;

● increased exposure to foreign currency fluctuations; and

● constraints, volatility or disruption in the credit and capital markets.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results and prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial statements, which would harm the trading price of our common shares.

Companies that file reports with the SEC, including us, are subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX 404. SOX 404 requires management to establish and maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting and annual reports on Form 10-K filed under the Exchange Act to contain a report from management assessing the effectiveness of a company’s internal control over financial reporting. Separately, under SOX 404, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, public companies that are large accelerated filers or accelerated filers must include in their annual reports on Form 10-K an attestation report of their regular auditors attesting to and reporting on management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting. Non-accelerated filers and smaller reporting companies, like us, are not required to include an attestation report of their auditors in annual reports.

A report of our management is included under Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. We are a smaller reporting company and, consequently, are not required to include an attestation report of our auditor. However, if and when we become subject to the auditor attestation requirements under SOX 404, we can provide no assurance that we will receive a positive attestation from our independent auditors.

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During its evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, management identified material weaknesses as described under Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. We are undertaking remedial measures, which measures will take time to implement and test, to address these material weaknesses. There can be no assurance that such measures will be sufficient to remedy the material weaknesses identified or that additional material weaknesses or other control or significant deficiencies will not be identified in the future. If we continue to experience material weaknesses in our internal controls or fail to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, such circumstances could cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements, or adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and, if required, annual auditor attestation reports. Each of the foregoing results could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and lead to a decline in our share price.

Risks Related to Our Construction Business

The loss of any of our key customers could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

Historically, a few long-term recurring contractor customers have accounted for a majority of our revenues. There can be no assurance that we will maintain or improve the relationships with those customers. Our major customers often change each period based on when a given order is placed. If we cannot maintain long-term relationships with major customers or replace major customers from period to period with equivalent customers, the loss of such sales could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business primarily relies on U.S. home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels, all of which are impacted by risks associated with fluctuations in the housing market. Downward changes in the general economy, the housing market or other business conditions could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. 

Our business primarily relies on home improvement, repair and remodel and new home construction activity levels in the United States. The housing market is sensitive to changes in economic conditions and other factors, such as the level of employment, access to labor, consumer confidence, consumer income, availability of financing and interest rate levels. Adverse changes in any of these conditions generally, or in any of the markets where we operate, including due to the global pandemic, could decrease demand and could adversely impact our businesses by: causing consumers to delay or decrease homeownership; making consumers more price conscious resulting in a shift in demand to smaller, less expensive homes; making consumers more reluctant to make investments in their existing homes, including large kitchen and bath repair and remodel projects; or making it more difficult to secure loans for major renovations.

Increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing for home improvements may cause our sales and profitability to decrease.

In general, demand for home improvement products may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates and the reduced availability of financing. Also, trends in the financial industry which influence the requirements used by lenders to evaluate potential buyers can result in reduced availability of financing. If interest rates or lending requirements increase and consequently, the ability of prospective buyers to finance purchases of home improvement products is adversely affected, our business, financial condition and results of operations may also be adversely impacted and the impact may be material.

Our construction business is subject to seasonal and other periodic fluctuations, and affected by factors beyond our control, which may cause our sales and operating results to fluctuate significantly.

Our construction business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. We believe that we can more effectively control and balance our direct labor resources and costs during seasonal variations in our construction business, depending on the dynamics of the market served. However, extreme winter weather conditions can have an adverse effect on appointments and installations, which typically occur during our fourth and first quarters and can also negatively affect our net sales and operating results. In addition, sales and revenues may decline in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season.

Difficulties in recruiting adequate personnel may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our growth expectations.

In order to fulfill our growth expectations, we must recruit, hire, train and retain qualified sales and installation personnel. In particular, during the pandemic, we may experience greater difficulty in fulfilling our personnel needs since our employees are not able to work remotely for installations. When new construction and remodeling are on the rise, recruiting independent contractors to perform our installations becomes more difficult. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient contractors or employees to fulfill our installation requirements. Our inability to fulfill our personnel needs could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our growth expectations.

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Increases in the cost of labor, union organizing activity and work stoppages at our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers could materially affect our financial performance.

Our business is labor intensive, and, as a result, our financial performance is affected by the availability of qualified personnel and the cost of labor. Currently, none of our employees are represented by labor unions. Strikes or other types of conflicts with personnel could arise or we may become a target for union organizing activity. Some of our direct and indirect suppliers have unionized work forces. Strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns experienced by these suppliers could result in slowdowns or closures of facilities where components of our products are manufactured. Any interruption in the production of our products could reduce sales of our products and increase our costs.

In the event of a catastrophic loss of our key manufacturing facility, our business would be adversely affected.

While we maintain insurance covering our facility, including business interruption insurance, a catastrophic loss of the use of all or a portion of our manufacturing facility due to accident, labor issues, weather conditions, natural disaster or otherwise, whether short or long-term, could have a material adverse effect on us.

The nature of our constructions business exposes us to product liability, workmanship warranty, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract and other claims and legal proceedings.

We are subject to product liability, workmanship warranty, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract and other claims and legal proceedings relating to the products we install or manufacture that, if adversely determined, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We rely on manufacturers and other suppliers to provide us with most of the products we install. Other than for products manufactured by Kyle’s, we generally do not have direct control over the quality of such products manufactured or supplied by such third-party suppliers. As such, we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of such products. In the event that any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to recall or redesign such products, which would result in significant unexpected costs.

We are also exposed to potential claims arising from the conduct of our employees and contractors, for which we may be contractually liable. We have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to penalties and other liabilities in connection with injury or damage incurred in conjunction with the installation of our products.

In addition, our contracts, particularly those with large single-family and multi-family homebuilders, contain certain performance and installation schedule requirements. Many factors, some of which our outside of our control, may affect our ability to meet these requirements, including shortages of material or skilled labor, unforeseen engineering problems, work stoppages, weather interference, floods, unanticipated cost increases, and legal or political challenges. If we do not meet these requirements, we may be subject to liquidated damages or other penalties, as well as claims for breach of contract.

Product liability, workmanship warranty, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract and other claims and legal proceedings can be expensive to defend and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for significant periods of time, regardless of the ultimate outcome. In addition, lawsuits relating to construction defects typically have statutes of limitations that can run as long as ten years. Claims of this nature could also have a negative impact on customer confidence in us and our services. Although we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate insurance, we may be unable to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms or such insurance may not provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. In addition, some liabilities may not be covered by our insurance. Current or future claims could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to compete successfully with our competitors, our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

We operate in a highly fragmented and very competitive industry. Our competitors include national and local carpentry manufacturers. These can be large, consolidated operations which house their manufacturing facilities in large and efficient plants, as well as relatively small, local cabinetmakers. Although we believe that we have superior name and reputation of direct marketing of custom designed carpentry, we compete with numerous competitors in our primary markets in which we operate, with reputation, price, workmanship and services being the principal competitive factors. Some of our competitors have achieved substantially more market penetration in certain of the markets in which we operate. Some of our competitors have greater resources available and are less highly leveraged, which may provide them with greater financial flexibility. We also compete against retail chains, including Sears, Costco, Builders Square, Sam’s Warehouse Club and other stores, which offer similar products and services through licensees. We compete, to a lesser extent, with small home improvement contractors and with large “home center” retailers such as Home Depot and Lowes. As a result of the implementation of our business strategy to conduct more remodel, condo/multi-family, and commercial projects in the new construction markets, we anticipate that we will compete to a greater degree with large “home center” retailers. To remain competitive, we will need to invest continuously in manufacturing, customer service and support, marketing and our dealer network. We may have to adjust the prices of some of our products to stay competitive, which would reduce our revenues or harm our financial condition and results of operations. We may not have sufficient resources to continue to make such investments or maintain our competitive position within each of the markets we serve.

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We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key finished goods and raw materials to us. Failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these finished goods and raw materials in a timely fashion and at reasonable costs could significantly delay our delivery of products, which would cause us to breach our sales contracts with our customers.

We have historically purchased certain key finished goods and raw materials, such as pre-manufactured doors, cabinets, countertops, lumber and hardware, from a limited number of suppliers. We purchased finished goods and raw materials on the basis of purchase orders. In the absence of firm and long-term contracts, we may not be able to obtain a sufficient supply of these finished goods and raw materials from our existing suppliers or alternates in a timely fashion or at a reasonable cost. If we fail to secure a sufficient supply of key finished goods and raw materials in a timely fashion, it would result in a significant delay in our delivery of products, which may cause us to breach our sales contracts with our customers. Furthermore, failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these finished goods and raw materials at a reasonable cost could also harm our revenue and gross profit margins.

Increased prices for finished goods or raw materials could increase our cost of revenues and decrease demand for our products, which could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.

Our profitability is affected by the prices of the finished goods and raw materials used in the manufacturing and sale of our products. These prices may fluctuate based on a number of factors beyond our control, including, among others, changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions, labor costs, competition, import duties, tariffs, currency exchange rates and, in some cases, government regulation. Increased prices could adversely affect our profitability or revenues. We do not have long-term supply contracts for finished goods and raw materials; however, we enter into pricing agreements with certain customers which fix their pricing for specified periods ranging from one to twelve months. Significant increases in the prices of finished goods and raw materials could adversely affect our profit margins, especially if we are not able to recover these costs by increasing the prices we charge our customers for our products.

Interruptions in deliveries of finished goods and raw materials could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.

Our dependency upon regular deliveries from particular suppliers means that interruptions or stoppages in such deliveries could adversely affect our operations until arrangements with alternate suppliers could be made. If any of our suppliers were unable to deliver finished goods and raw materials to us for an extended period of time, as the result of financial difficulties, catastrophic events affecting their facilities or other factors beyond our control, or if we were unable to negotiate acceptable terms for the supply of finished goods and raw materials with these or alternative suppliers, our business could suffer. We may not be able to find acceptable alternatives, and any such alternatives could result in increased costs for us. Even if acceptable alternatives are found, the process of locating and securing such alternatives might be disruptive to our business. Extended unavailability of a necessary finished good or raw material could cause us to cease manufacturing or selling one or more of our products for a period of time.

Environmental requirements applicable to our facilities may impose significant environmental compliance costs and liabilities, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Our facilities are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to pollution and the protection of the environment, including those governing emissions to air, discharges to water, storage, treatment and disposal of waste, remediation of contaminated sites and protection of worker health and safety. We believe we are in substantial compliance with all applicable requirements. However, our efforts to comply with environmental requirements do not remove the risk that we may be held liable, or incur fines or penalties, and that the amount of liability, fines or penalties may be material, for, among other things, releases of hazardous substances occurring on or emanating from current or formerly owned or operated properties or any associated offsite disposal location, or for contamination discovered at any of our properties from activities conducted by previous occupants.

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Changes in environmental laws and regulations or the discovery of previously unknown contamination or other liabilities relating to our properties and operations could result in significant environmental liabilities. In addition, we might incur significant capital and other costs to comply with increasingly stringent air emission control laws and enforcement policies which would decrease our cash flow.

We may fail to fully realize the anticipated benefits of our growth strategy within the multi-family and commercial properties channels.

Part of our growth strategy depends on expanding our business in the multi-family and commercial properties channels. We may fail to compete successfully against other companies that are already established providers within those channels. Demand for our products within the multi-family and commercial properties channels may not grow, or might even decline. In addition, trends within the industry change often, we may not accurately gauge consumer preferences and successfully develop, manufacture and market our products. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react to changes in these trends could lead to, among other things, rejection of a new product line, reduced demand and price reductions for our products, and could adversely affect our sales. Further, the implementation of our growth strategy may place additional demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources and may divert management’s attention away from our existing business and increase the demands on our financial systems and controls. If our management is unable to effectively manage growth, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. If our growth strategy is not successful then our revenue and earnings may not grow as anticipated or may decline, we may not be profitable, or our reputation and brand may be damaged. In addition, we may change our financial strategy or other components of our overall business strategy if we believe our current strategy is not effective, if our business or markets change, or for other reasons, which may cause fluctuations in our financial results.

Risks Related to Our Automotive Supply Business

If we fail to offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices or fail to maintain sufficient inventory to meet customer demands, our revenue could decline.

In order to expand our business, we must successfully offer, on a continuous basis, a broad selection of products that meet the needs of our customers, including by being the first to market with new products. In addition, to be successful, our product offerings must be broad and deep in scope, competitively priced, well-made, innovative and attractive to a wide range of consumers. We cannot predict with certainty that we will be successful in offering products that meet all of these requirements. Moreover, even if we offer a broad selection of products at competitive prices, we must maintain sufficient in-stock inventory to meet consumer demand. If our product offerings fail to satisfy our customers’ requirements or respond to changes in customer preferences or we otherwise fail to maintain sufficient in-stock inventory, our revenue could decline.

We are highly dependent upon key suppliers and an interruption in such relationships or our ability to obtain products from such suppliers could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In 2023 and 2022, Wolo purchased a substantial portion of finished goods from four third-party vendors which comprised 81.3% and 92.0% of its purchases, respectively. Our ability to acquire products from our suppliers in amounts and on terms acceptable to us is dependent upon a number of factors that could affect our suppliers and which are beyond our control. For example, financial or operational difficulties that some of our suppliers may face could result in an increase in the cost of the products we purchase from them. If we do not maintain our relationships with our existing suppliers or develop relationships with new suppliers on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to continue to offer a broad selection of merchandise at competitive prices and, as a result, we could lose customers and our sales could decline.

We also have limited control over the products that our suppliers purchase or keep in stock. Our suppliers may not accurately forecast the products that will be in high demand or they may allocate popular products to other resellers, resulting in the unavailability of certain products for delivery to our customers. Any inability to offer a broad array of products at competitive prices and any failure to deliver those products to our customers in a timely and accurate manner may damage our reputation and brand and could cause us to lose customers and our sales could decline.

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In addition, the increasing consolidation among auto parts suppliers may disrupt or end our relationship with some suppliers, result in product shortages and/or lead to less competition and, consequently, higher prices. Furthermore, as part of our routine business, suppliers extend credit to us in connection with our purchase of their products. In the future, our suppliers may limit the amount of credit they are willing to extend to us in connection with our purchase of their products. If this were to occur, it could impair our ability to acquire the types and quantities of products that we desire from the applicable suppliers on acceptable terms, severely impact our liquidity and capital resources, limit our ability to operate our business and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent upon relationships with manufacturers in Taiwan and China, which exposes us to complex regulatory regimes and logistical challenges.

Most of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturers in China and Taiwan, resulting in additional factors could interrupt our relationships or affect our ability to acquire the necessary products on acceptable terms, including:

● political, social and economic instability and the risk of war or other international incidents in Asia or abroad;

● fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may increase our cost of products;

● imposition of duties, taxes, tariffs or other charges on imports;

● difficulties in complying with import and export laws, regulatory requirements and restrictions;

● natural disasters and public health emergencies, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic;

● import shipping delays resulting from foreign or domestic labor shortages, slow-downs, or stoppage; and

● the failure of local laws to provide a sufficient degree of protection against infringement of our intellectual property;

● imposition of new legislation relating to import quotas or other restrictions that may limit the quantity of our products that may be imported into the U.S. from countries or regions where we do business;

● financial or political instability in any of the countries in which our products are manufactured;

● potential recalls or cancellations of orders for any products that do not meet our quality standards;

● disruption of imports by labor disputes or strikes and local business practices;

● political or military conflict involving the U.S. or any country in which our suppliers are located, which could cause a delay in the transportation of our products, an increase in transportation costs and additional risk to products being damaged and delivered on time;

● heightened terrorism security concerns, which could subject imported goods to additional, more frequent or more thorough inspections, leading to delays in deliveries or impoundment of goods for extended periods;

● inability of our non-U.S. suppliers to obtain adequate credit or access liquidity to finance their operations; and

● our ability to enforce any agreements with our foreign suppliers.

If we were unable to import products from China and Taiwan or were unable to import products from China and Taiwan in a cost-effective manner, we could suffer irreparable harm to our business and be required to significantly curtail our operations, file for bankruptcy or cease operations.

From time to time, we may also have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights with foreign suppliers. However, it may be more difficult to evaluate the level of legal protection we enjoy in Taiwan and China and the corresponding outcome of any administrative or court proceedings than in comparison to our suppliers in the United States.

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We depend on third-party delivery services, for both inbound and outbound shipping, to deliver our products to our distribution centers and subsequently to our customers on a timely and consistent basis, and any deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties or increases in the fees that they charge could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We rely on third parties for the shipment of our products, both inbound and outbound shipping logistics, and we cannot be sure that these relationships will continue on terms favorable to us, or at all. Shipping costs have increased from time to time, and may continue to increase, and we may not be able to pass these costs directly to our customers. Any increased shipping costs could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations by increasing our costs of doing business and reducing gross margins which could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, we utilize a variety of shipping methods for both inbound and outbound logistics. For inbound logistics, we rely on trucking and ocean carriers and any increases in fees that they charge could adversely affect our business and financial condition. For outbound logistics, we rely on “Less-than-Truckload” and parcel freight based upon the product and quantities being shipped and customer delivery requirements. These outbound freight costs have increased on a year-over-year basis and may continue to increase in the future. We also ship a number of oversized auto parts which may trigger additional shipping costs by third-party delivery services. Any increases in fees or any increased use of “Less-than-Truckload” shipping would increase our shipping costs which could negatively affect our operating results.

In addition, if our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired, or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether due to labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, deteriorating financial or business condition, responses to terrorist attacks or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our customers. Changing carriers could have a negative effect on our business and operating results due to reduced visibility of order status and package tracking and delays in order processing and product delivery, and we may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis, upon terms favorable to us, or at all.

If commodity prices such as fuel, plastic and steel increase, our margins may be negatively impacted.

Our third-party delivery services have increased fuel surcharges from time to time, and such increases negatively impact our margins, as we are generally unable to pass all of these costs directly on to consumers. Increasing prices in the component materials for the parts we sell may impact the availability, the quality and the price of our products, as suppliers search for alternatives to existing materials and increase the prices they charge. We cannot ensure that we can recover all the increased costs through price increases, and our suppliers may not continue to provide the consistent quality of product as they may substitute lower cost materials to maintain pricing levels, all of which may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to manage the challenges associated with our international operations, the growth of our business could be limited and our business could suffer.

In addition to our relationships with foreign suppliers, we have contracts with sales representatives from thirteen regional sales companies in North America, Mexico, Puerto Rico, the U.K., Europe, the Middle East and the industrial aftermarket. We are subject to a number of risks and challenges that specifically relate to our international operations. Our international operations may not be successful if we are unable to meet and overcome these challenges, which could limit the growth of our business and may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. These risks and challenges include:

● difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;

● restrictions imposed by local labor practices and laws on our business and operations;

● exposure to different business practices and legal standards;

● unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

● the imposition of government controls and restrictions;

● political, social and economic instability and the risk of war, terrorist activities or other international incidents;

● the failure of telecommunications and connectivity infrastructure;

● natural disasters and public health emergencies;

● potentially adverse tax consequences; and

● fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and relative weakness in the U.S. dollar.

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If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline and our reputation could be harmed.

Our success depends on our ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and to promptly deliver our products to our customers. Most of the orders for our products are filled from our inventory in our distribution centers, where all our inventory management, packaging, labeling and product return processes are performed. Increased demand and other considerations may require us to expand our distribution centers or transfer our fulfillment operations to larger or other facilities in the future. If we do not successfully expand our fulfillment capabilities in response to increases in demand, our sales could decline.

In addition, our distribution centers are susceptible to damage or interruption from human error, pandemics, fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquakes and similar events. We do not currently maintain back-up power systems at our fulfillment centers. We do not presently have a formal disaster recovery plan and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur in the event operations at our fulfillment center are interrupted. In addition, alternative arrangements may not be available, or if they are available, may increase the cost of fulfillment. Any interruptions in our fulfillment operations for any significant period of time, including interruptions resulting from the expansion of our existing facilities or the transfer of operations to a new facility, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We face intense competition and operate in an industry with limited barriers to entry, and some of our competitors may have greater resources than us and may be better positioned to capitalize on the growing auto parts market.

The aftermarket auto parts industry is competitive and highly fragmented, with products distributed through multi-tiered and overlapping channels. We compete with both online and offline retailers who offer original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and aftermarket auto parts. Current or potential competitors include FIAMM, Grote, Peterson Manufacturing Company, ECCO, Vixen Horns, Grover, HornBlasters, and Kleinn.

Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, large customer bases, superior brand recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical, management and other resources than we do. In addition, some of our competitors have used and may continue to use aggressive pricing tactics and devote substantially more financial resources to website and system development than we do. We expect that competition will further intensify in the future as Internet use and online commerce continue to grow worldwide. Increased competition may result in reduced sales, lower operating margins, reduced profitability, loss of market share and diminished brand recognition.

We rely on key personnel and may need additional personnel for the success and growth of our business.

Our business is largely dependent on the personal efforts and abilities of highly skilled executive, technical, managerial, merchandising and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. The loss of any key employee or our inability to attract or retain other qualified employees could harm our business and results of operations.

If our product catalog database is stolen, misappropriated or damaged, or if a competitor is able to create a substantially similar catalog without infringing our rights, then we may lose an important competitive advantage.

We have invested significant resources and time to build and maintain our product catalog, which is maintained in the form of an electronic database. We believe that our product catalog provides us with an important competitive advantage. We cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our product catalog from unauthorized copying or theft or that our product catalog will continue to operate adequately, without any technological challenges. In addition, it is possible that a competitor could develop a catalog or database that is similar to or more comprehensive than ours, without infringing our rights. In the event our product catalog is damaged or is stolen, copied or otherwise replicated to compete with us, whether lawfully or not, we may lose an important competitive advantage and our business could be harmed.

Economic conditions have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the demand for aftermarket auto parts and could adversely affect our sales and operating results.

Demand for our products has been and may continue to be adversely affected by general economic conditions. In declining economies, consumers often defer regular vehicle maintenance and may forego purchases of nonessential performance and accessories products, which can result in a decrease in demand for auto parts in general. Consumers also defer purchases of new vehicles, which immediately impacts performance parts and accessories, which are generally purchased in the first six months of a vehicle’s lifespan. In addition, during economic downturns, some competitors may become more aggressive in their pricing practices, which would adversely impact our gross margin. Certain suppliers may exit the industry, which may impact our ability to procure parts and may adversely impact gross margin as the remaining suppliers increase prices to take advantage of limited competition.

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Vehicle miles driven, vehicle accident rates and insurance companies’ willingness to accept a variety of types of parts in the repair process have fluctuated and may decrease, which could result in a decline of our revenues and negatively affect our results of operations.

We and our industry depend on the number of vehicle miles driven, vehicle accident rates and insurance companies’ willingness to accept a variety of types of parts in the repair process. Decreased miles driven reduce the number of accidents and corresponding demand for parts, and reduce the wear and tear on vehicles with a corresponding reduction in demand for vehicle repairs and parts. If consumers were to drive less in the future and/or accident rates were to decline, as a result of higher gas prices, increased use of ride-shares, the advancement of driver assistance technologies, or otherwise, our sales may decline and our business and financial results may suffer.

We will be required to collect and pay more sales taxes, and could become liable for other fees and penalties, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have historically collected sales or other similar taxes only on the shipment of goods to customers in the state of New York. However, following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, we are now required to collect sales tax in any state which passes legislation requiring out-of-state retailers to collect sales tax even where they have no physical nexus. We have historically enjoyed a competitive advantage to the extent our competitors are already subject to those tax obligations. By collecting sales tax in additional states, we will lose this competitive advantage as total costs to our customers will increase, which could adversely affect our sales.

Moreover, if we fail to collect and remit or pay required sales or other taxes in a jurisdiction or qualify or register to do business in a jurisdiction that requires us to do so or if we have failed to do so in the past, we could face material liabilities for taxes, fees, interest and penalties. If various jurisdictions impose new tax obligations on our business activities, our sales and net income in those jurisdictions could decrease significantly, which could harm our business.

Higher wage and benefit costs could adversely affect our business.

Changes in federal and state minimum wage laws and other laws relating to employee benefits could cause us to incur additional wage and benefit costs. Increased labor costs brought about by changes in minimum wage laws, other regulations or prevailing market conditions could increase our expenses and have an adverse impact on our profitability.

We face exposure to product liability lawsuits.

The automotive industry in general has been subject to a large number of product liability claims due to the nature of personal injuries that result from car accidents or malfunctions. As a distributor of auto parts, including parts obtained overseas, we could be held liable for the injury or damage caused if the products we sell are defective or malfunction regardless of whether the product manufacturer is the party at fault. While we carry insurance against product liability claims, if the damages in any given action were high or we were subject to multiple lawsuits, the damages and costs could exceed the limits of our insurance coverage or prevent us from obtaining coverage in the future. If we were required to pay substantial damages as a result of these lawsuits, it may seriously harm our business and financial condition. Even defending against unsuccessful claims could cause us to incur significant expenses and result in a diversion of management’s attention. In addition, even if the money damages themselves did not cause substantial harm to our business, the damage to our reputation and the brands offered on our websites could adversely affect our future reputation and our brand and could result in a decline in our net sales and profitability.

Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.

Weather, terrorist activities, war or other disasters, or the threat of them, may result in the closure of one or more of our facilities, or may adversely affect our ability to timely provide products to our customers, resulting in lost sales or a potential loss of customer loyalty.  Most of our products are imported from other countries and these goods could become difficult or impossible to bring into the United States, and we may not be able to obtain such products from other sources at similar prices.  Such a disruption in revenue could potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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We rely extensively on our computer systems to manage inventory, process transactions and timely provide products to our customers.  Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches or other catastrophic events.  If our systems are damaged or fail to function properly, we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to manage inventories or process customer transactions.  Such a disruption of our systems could negatively impact revenue and potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Security threats, such as ransomware attacks, to our IT infrastructure could expose us to liability, and damage our reputation and business.

It is essential to our business strategy that our technology and network infrastructure remain secure and is perceived by our customers to be secure. Despite security measures, however, any network infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Information security risks have significantly increased in recent years in part due to the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties, including foreign private parties and state actors. We may face cyber-attacks that attempt to penetrate our network security, including our data centers, to sabotage or otherwise disable our network of websites and online marketplaces, misappropriate our or our customers’ proprietary information, which may include personally identifiable information, or cause interruptions of our internal systems and services. If successful, any of these attacks could negatively affect our reputation, damage our network infrastructure and our ability to sell our products, harm our relationship with customers that are affected and expose us to financial liability.

We maintain a comprehensive system of preventive and detective controls through our security programs; however, given the rapidly evolving nature and proliferation of cyber threats, our controls may not prevent or identify all such attacks in a timely manner or otherwise prevent unauthorized access to, damage to, or interruption of our systems and operations, and we cannot eliminate the risk of human error or employee or vendor malfeasance.

In addition, any failure by us to comply with applicable privacy and information security laws and regulations could cause us to incur significant costs to protect any customers whose personal data was compromised and to restore customer confidence in us and to make changes to our information systems and administrative processes to address security issues and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal information, which could cause them to stop shopping on our sites altogether. Such events could lead to lost sales and adversely affect our results of operations. We also could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

Failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations and failure to adequately protect customer data could harm our business, damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers.

Federal and state regulations may govern the collection, use, sharing and security of data that we receive from our customers. In addition, we have and post on our websites our own privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of customer data. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any data-related consent orders, U.S. Federal Trade Commission requirements or other federal, state or international privacy-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, which could potentially harm our business. Further, failure or perceived failure to comply with our policies or applicable requirements related to the collection, use or security of personal information or other privacy-related matters could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers. The regulatory framework for privacy issues is currently evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.

Challenges by OEMs to the validity of the aftermarket auto parts industry and claims of intellectual property infringement could adversely affect our business and the viability of the aftermarket auto parts industry.

OEMs have attempted to use claims of intellectual property infringement against manufacturers and distributors of aftermarket products to restrict or eliminate the sale of aftermarket products that are the subject of the claims. The OEMs have brought such claims in federal court and with the United States International Trade Commission. We have received in the past, and we anticipate we may in the future receive, communications alleging that certain products we sell infringe the patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade names or other intellectual property rights of OEMs or other third parties.

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The United States Patent and Trademark Office records indicate that OEMs are seeking and obtaining more design patents and trademarks than they have in the past. In some cases, we have entered into license agreements that allow us to sell aftermarket parts that replicate OEM patented parts in exchange for a royalty. In the event that our license agreements, or other similar license arrangements are terminated, or we are unable to agree upon renewal terms, we may be subject to restrictions on our ability to sell aftermarket parts that replicate parts covered by design patents or trademarks, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Litigation or regulatory enforcement could also result in interpretations of the law that require us to change our business practices or otherwise increase our costs and harm our business. We may not maintain sufficient, or any, insurance coverage to cover the types of claims that could be asserted. If a successful claim were brought against us, it could expose us to significant liability.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our reputation and brand could be impaired and we could lose customers.

We regard our patents, trademarks, trade secrets and similar intellectual property as important to our success. We rely on patent, trademark and copyright law, and trade secret protection, and confidentiality and/or license agreements with employees, customers, partners and others to protect our proprietary rights. We cannot be certain that we have taken adequate steps to protect our proprietary rights, especially in countries where the laws may not protect our rights as fully as in the United States. In addition, our proprietary rights may be infringed or misappropriated, and we could be required to incur significant expenses to preserve them. In the past we have filed litigation to protect our intellectual property rights. The outcome of such litigation can be uncertain, and the cost of prosecuting such litigation may have an adverse impact on our earnings. We have patent and trademark registrations for several patents and marks. However, any registrations may not adequately cover our intellectual property or protect us against infringement by others. Effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services may be made available online. We also currently own or control a number of Internet domain names and have invested time and money in the purchase of domain names and other intellectual property, which may be impaired if we cannot protect such intellectual property. We may be unable to protect these domain names or acquire or maintain relevant domain names in the United States and in other countries. If we are not able to protect our patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property, we may experience difficulties in achieving and maintaining brand recognition and customer loyalty.

Because we are involved in litigation from time to time and are subject to numerous laws and governmental regulations, we could incur substantial judgments, fines, legal fees and other costs as well as reputational harm.

We are sometimes the subject of complaints or litigation from customers, employees or other third parties for various reasons. The damages sought against us in some of these litigation proceedings could be substantial. Although we maintain liability insurance for some litigation claims, if one or more of the claims were to greatly exceed our insurance coverage limits or if our insurance policies do not cover a claim, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Existing or future government regulation could expose us to liabilities and costly changes in our business operations and could reduce customer demand for our products and services.

We are subject to federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations, including laws protecting the privacy of customer non-public information and regulations prohibiting unfair and deceptive trade practices, as well as laws and regulations governing businesses in general and the Internet and e-commerce and certain environmental laws. Additional laws and regulations may be adopted with respect to the Internet. These laws may cover issues such as user privacy, spyware and the tracking of consumer activities, marketing e-mails and communications, other advertising and promotional practices, money transfers, pricing, content and quality of products and services, taxation, electronic contracts and other communications, intellectual property rights, and information security. Furthermore, it is not clear how existing laws such as those governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, trespass, data mining and collection, and personal privacy apply to the Internet and e-commerce. To the extent we expand into international markets, we will be faced with complying with local laws and regulations, some of which may be materially different than U.S. laws and regulations. Any such foreign law or regulation, any new U.S. law or regulation, or the interpretation or application of existing laws and regulations to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations by, among other things, subjecting us to fines, penalties, damages or other liabilities, requiring costly changes in our business operations and practices, and reducing customer demand for our products and services. We may not maintain sufficient, or any, insurance coverage to cover the types of claims or liabilities that could arise as a result of such regulation.

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We may be affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory, or market responses to such change.

The growing political and scientific sentiment is that global weather patterns are being influenced by increased levels of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. This growing sentiment and the concern over climate change have led to legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions which warm the earth’s atmosphere. These warmer weather conditions could result in a decrease in demand for auto parts in general. Moreover, proposals that would impose mandatory requirements on greenhouse gas emissions continue to be considered by policy makers in the United States. Laws enacted that directly or indirectly affect our suppliers (through an increase in the cost of production or their ability to produce satisfactory products) or our business (through an impact on our inventory availability, cost of revenues, operations or demand for the products we sell) could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Significant increases in fuel economy requirements or new federal or state restrictions on emissions of carbon dioxide that may be imposed on vehicles and automobile fuels could adversely affect demand for vehicles, annual miles driven or the products we sell or lead to changes in automotive technology. Compliance with any new or more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter interpretations of existing laws, could require additional expenditures by us or our suppliers. Our inability to respond to such changes could adversely impact the demand for our products and our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Possible new tariffs that might be imposed by the United States government could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Changes in U.S. and foreign governments’ trade policies have resulted in, and may continue to result in, tariffs on imports into and exports from the U.S., among other restrictions. Throughout 2018 and 2019, the U.S. imposed tariffs on imports from several countries, including China. If further tariffs are imposed on imports of our products, or retaliatory trade measures are taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, we could be forced to raise prices on all of our imported products or make changes to our operations, any of which could materially harm our revenue or operating results. Any additional future tariffs or quotas imposed on our products or related materials may impact our sales, gross margin and profitability if we are unable to pass increased prices on to our customers.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager

Termination of the management services agreement will not affect our manager’s rights to receive profit allocations and removal of our manager may cause us to incur significant fees.

Our manager owns all of our allocation shares, which generally will entitle our manager to receive a profit allocation as a form of preferred distribution. In general, this profit allocation is designed to pay our manager 20% of the excess of the gains upon dispositions of our subsidiaries, plus an amount equal to the net income of such subsidiaries since their acquisition by us, over an annualized hurdle rate. If our manager resigns or is removed, for any reason, it will remain the owner of our allocation shares. It will therefore remain entitled to all profit allocations while it holds our allocation shares regardless of whether it is terminated as our manager. If we terminate our manager, it may therefore be difficult or impossible for us to find a replacement to serve the function of our manager, because we would not be able to force our manager to transfer its allocation shares to a replacement manager so that the replacement manager could be entitled to a profit allocation. Therefore, as a practical matter, it may be difficult for us to replace our manager without its cooperation. If it becomes necessary to replace our manager and we are unable to replace our manager without its cooperation, we may be unable to continue to manage our operations effectively and our business may fail.

If we terminate the management services agreement with our manager, any fees, costs and expenses already earned or otherwise payable to our manager upon termination would become immediately due. Moreover, if our manager were to be removed and our management services agreement terminated by a vote of our board of directors and a majority of our common shares other than common shares beneficially owned by our manager, we would also owe a termination fee to our manager on top of the other fees, costs and expenses. In addition, the management services agreement is silent as to whether termination of our manager “for cause” would result in a termination fee; there is therefore a risk that the agreement may be interpreted to entitle our manager to a termination fee even if terminated “for cause”. The termination fee would equal twice the sum of the amount of the quarterly management fees calculated with respect to the four fiscal quarters immediately preceding the termination date of the management services agreement. As a result, we could incur significant management fees as a result of the termination of our manager, which may increase the risk that our business may be unable to meet its financial obligations or otherwise fail.

Mr. Ellery W. Roberts, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, controls our manager. If some event were to occur to cause Mr. Roberts (or his designated successor, heirs, beneficiaries or permitted assigns) not to control our manager without the prior written consent of our board of directors, our manager would be considered terminated under our agreement.

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Our manager and the members of our management team may engage in activities that compete with us or our businesses.

Although our Chief Executive Officer intends to devote substantially all of his time to the affairs of our company and our manager must present all opportunities that meet our acquisition and disposition criteria to our board of directors, neither our manager nor our Chief Executive Officer is expressly prohibited from investing in or managing other entities. In this regard, the management services agreement and the obligation to provide management services will not create a mutually exclusive relationship between our manager and its affiliates, on the one hand, and our company, on the other.

Our manager need not present an acquisition opportunity to us if our manager determines on its own that such acquisition opportunity does not meet our acquisition criteria.

Our manager will review any acquisition opportunity to determine if it satisfies our acquisition criteria, as established by our board of directors from time to time. If our manager determines, in its sole discretion, that an opportunity fits our criteria, our manager will refer the opportunity to our board of directors for its authorization and approval prior to signing a letter of intent, indication of interest or similar document or agreement. Opportunities that our manager determines do not fit our criteria do not need to be presented to our board of directors for consideration. In addition, upon a determination by our board of directors not to promptly pursue an opportunity presented to it by our manager, in whole or in part, our manager will be unrestricted in its ability to pursue such opportunity, or any part that we do not promptly pursue, on its own or refer such opportunity to other entities, including its affiliates. If such an opportunity is ultimately profitable, we will not have participated in such opportunity. See “The Manager—Acquisition and Disposition Opportunities” for more information about our current acquisition criteria.

Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ellery W. Roberts, controls our manager and, as a result, we may have difficulty severing ties with Mr. Roberts.

Under the terms of the management services agreement, our board of directors may, after due consultation with our manager, at any time request that our manager replace any individual seconded to us, and our manager will, as promptly as practicable, replace any such individual. However, because Mr. Roberts controls our manager, we may have difficulty completely severing ties with Mr. Roberts absent terminating the management services agreement and our relationship with our manager. Further, termination of the management services agreement could give rise to a significant financial obligation, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. See “The Manager” for more information about our relationship with our manager.

If the management services agreement is terminated, our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, has the right to cause us to purchase its allocation shares, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

If: (i) the management services agreement is terminated at any time other than as a result of our manager’s resignation, subject to (ii); or (ii) our manager resigns, our manager will have the right, but not the obligation, for one year from the date of termination or resignation, as the case may be, to cause us to purchase the allocation shares for the put price. The put price shall be equal to, as of any exercise date: (i) if we terminate the management services agreement, the sum of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of the “base put price amount” as of such exercise date; or (ii) if our manager resigns, the average of two separate, independently made calculations of the aggregate amount of the “base put price amount” as of such exercise date. If our manager elects to cause us to purchase its allocation shares, we are obligated to do so and, until we have done so, our ability to conduct our business, including our ability to incur debt, to sell or otherwise dispose of our property or assets, to engage in certain mergers or consolidations, to acquire or purchase the property, assets or stock of, or beneficial interests in, another business, or to declare and pay distributions, would be restricted. These financial and operational obligations may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations. See “The Manager—Our Manager as an Equity Holder—Supplemental Put Provision” for more information about our manager’s put right and our obligations relating thereto, as well as the definition and calculation of the base put price amount.

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If the management services agreement is terminated, we will need to change our name and cease our use of the term “1847”, which in turn could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations as we would be required to expend funds to create and market a new name.

Our manager controls our rights to the term “1847” as it is used in the name of our company. We and any businesses that we acquire must cease using the term “1847,” including any trademark based on the name of our company that may be licensed to them by our manager under the license provisions of our management services agreement, entirely in their businesses and operations within 180 days of our termination of the management services agreement. The sublicense provisions of the management services agreement would require our company and its businesses to change their names to remove any reference to the term “1847” or any reference to trademarks licensed to them by our manager. This also would require us to create and market a new name and expend funds to protect that name, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We have agreed to indemnify our manager under the management services agreement that may result in an indemnity payment that could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations.

The management services agreement provides that we will indemnify, reimburse, defend and hold harmless our manager, together with its employees, officers, members, managers, directors and agents, from and against all losses (including lost profits), costs, damages, injuries, taxes, penalties, interests, expenses, obligations, claims and liabilities of any kind arising out of the breach of any term or condition in the management services agreement or the performance of any services under such agreement except by reason of acts or omissions constituting fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence. If our manager is forced to defend itself in any claims or actions arising out of the management services agreement for which we are obligated to provide indemnification, our payment of such indemnity could have a material adverse impact upon our business and results of operations.

Our manager can resign on 120 days’ notice, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as the market price of our shares.

Our manager has the right, under the management services agreement, to resign at any time on 120 days written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our manager resigns, we may not be able to contract with a new manager or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 120 days, or at all, in which case our operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay distributions are likely to be materially adversely affected and the market price of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management, acquisition activities and supervision of our business is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the experience and expertise possessed by our manager and its affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with our businesses may result in additional costs and time delays that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as the market price of our shares.

The amount recorded for the allocation shares may be subject to substantial period-to-period changes, thereby significantly adversely impacting our results of operations.

We will record the allocation shares at the redemption value at each balance sheet date by recording any change in fair value through our income statement as a dividend between net income and net income available to common shareholders. The redemption value of the allocation shares is largely related to the value of the profit allocation that our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, will receive. The redemption value of the allocation shares may fluctuate on a period-to-period basis based on the distributions we pay to our common shareholders, the earnings of our businesses and the price of our common shares, which fluctuation may be significant, and could cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations. See “The Manager—Our Manager as an Equity Holder” for more information about the terms and calculation of the profit allocation and any payments under the supplemental put provisions of our operating agreement.

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We cannot determine the amount of the management fee that will be paid to our manager over time with certainty, which management fee may be a significant cash obligation and may reduce the cash available for operations and distributions to our shareholders.

Our manager’s management fee will be calculated by reference to our adjusted net assets, which will be impacted by the following factors:

● the acquisition or disposition of businesses;

● organic growth, add-on acquisitions and dispositions by our businesses; and

● the performance of our businesses.

We cannot predict these factors, which may cause significant fluctuations in our adjusted net assets and, in turn, impact the management fee we pay to our manager. Accordingly, we cannot determine the amount of management fee that will be paid to our manager over time with any certainty, which management fee may represent a significant cash obligation and may reduce the cash available for our operations and distributions to our shareholders.

We must pay our manager the management fee regardless of our performance. Therefore, our manager may be induced to increase the amount of our assets rather than the performance of our businesses.

Our manager is entitled to receive a management fee that is based on our adjusted net assets, as defined in the management services agreement, regardless of the performance of our businesses. In this respect, the calculation of the management fee is unrelated to our net income. As a result, the management fee may encourage our manager to increase the amount of our assets by, for example, recommending to our board of directors the acquisition of additional assets, rather than increase the performance of our businesses. In addition, payment of the management fee may reduce or eliminate the cash we have available for distributions to our shareholders.

The management fee is based solely upon our adjusted net assets; therefore, if in a given year our performance declines, but our adjusted net assets remain the same or increase, the management fee we pay to our manager for such year will increase as a percentage of our net income and may reduce the cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

The management fee we pay to our manager will be calculated solely by reference to our adjusted net assets. If in a given year our performance declines, but our adjusted net assets remain the same or increase, the management fee we pay to our manager for such year will increase as a percentage of our net income and may reduce the cash available for distributions to our shareholders. See “The Manager—Our Manager as a Service Provider—Management Fee” for more information about the terms and calculation of the management fee.

The amount of profit allocation to be paid to our manager could be substantial. However, we cannot determine the amount of profit allocation that will be paid over time or the put price with any certainty.

We cannot determine the amount of profit allocation that will be paid over time or the put price with any certainty. Such determination would be dependent on, among other things, the number, type and size of the acquisitions and dispositions that we make in the future, the distributions we pay to our shareholders, the earnings of our businesses and the market value of common shares from time to time, factors that cannot be predicted with any certainty at this time. Such factors will have a significant impact on the amount of any profit allocation to be paid to our manager, especially if our share price significantly increases. See “The Manager—Our Manager as an Equity Holder—Manager’s Profit Allocation” for more information about the calculation and payment of profit allocation. Any amounts paid in respect of the profit allocation are unrelated to the management fee earned for performance of services under the management services agreement.

The management fee and profit allocation to be paid to our manager may significantly reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to shareholders and for operations.

Under the management services agreement, we will be obligated to pay a management fee to and, subject to certain conditions, reimburse the costs and out-of-pocket expenses of our manager incurred on our behalf in connection with the provision of services to us. Similarly, our businesses will be obligated to pay fees to and reimburse the costs and expenses of our manager pursuant to any offsetting management services agreements entered into between our manager and our businesses, or any transaction services agreements to which such businesses are a party. In addition, our manager, as holder of the allocation shares, will be entitled to receive a profit allocation upon satisfaction of applicable conditions to payment and may be entitled to receive the put price upon the occurrence of certain events. While we cannot quantify with any certainty the actual amount of any such payments in the future, we do expect that such amounts could be substantial. The management fee, put price and profit allocation are payment obligations and, as a result, will be senior in right to the payment of any distributions to our shareholders. Likewise, the profit allocation may also significantly reduce the cash available for operations.

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Our manager’s influence on conducting our business and operations, including acquisitions, gives it the ability to increase its fees and compensation to our Chief Executive Officer, which may reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

Under the terms of the management services agreement, our manager is paid a management fee calculated as a percentage of our adjusted net assets for certain items and is unrelated to net income or any other performance base or measure. See “The Manager—Our Manager as a Service Provider—Management Fee” for more information about the calculation of the management fee. Our manager, which Ellery W. Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, controls, may advise us to consummate transactions, incur third-party debt or conduct our operations in a manner that may increase the amount of fees paid to our manager which, in turn, may result in higher compensation to Mr. Roberts because his compensation is paid by our manager from the management fee it receives from us.

Fees paid by our company and our businesses pursuant to transaction services agreements do not offset fees payable under the management services agreement and will be in addition to the management fee payable by our company under the management services agreement.

The management services agreement provides that businesses that we may acquire in the future may enter into transaction services agreements with our manager pursuant to which our businesses will pay fees to our manager. See “The Manager—Our Manager as a Service Provider” for more information about these agreements. Unlike fees paid under the offsetting management services agreements, fees that are paid pursuant to such transaction services agreements will not reduce the management fee payable by us. Therefore, such fees will be in addition to the management fee payable by us or offsetting management fees paid by businesses that we may acquire in the future.

The fees to be paid to our manager pursuant to these transaction service agreements will be paid prior to any principal, interest or dividend payments to be paid to us by our businesses, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

Our manager’s profit allocation may induce it to make decisions and recommend actions to our board of directors that are not optimal for our business and operations.

Our manager, as holder of all of the allocation shares, will receive a profit allocation based on the extent to which gains from any sales of our subsidiaries plus their net income since the time they were acquired exceed a certain annualized hurdle rate. As a result, our manager may be encouraged to make decisions or to make recommendations to our board of directors regarding our business and operations, the business and operations of our businesses, acquisitions or dispositions by us or our businesses and distributions to our shareholders, any of which factors could affect the calculation and payment of profit allocation, but which may otherwise be detrimental to our long-term financial condition and performance.

The obligations to pay the management fee and profit allocation, including the put price, may cause us to liquidate assets or incur debt.

If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the management fee and profit allocation, including the put price, when such payments are due and payable, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to make such payments. This circumstance could materially adversely affect our liquidity and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Risks Related to Taxation

Our shareholders will be subject to taxation on their share of our taxable income, whether or not they receive cash distributions from us.

Our company is a limited liability company and is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Consequently, our shareholders are subject to U.S. federal income taxation and, possibly, state, local and foreign income taxation on their share of our taxable income, whether or not they receive cash distributions from us. There is, accordingly, a risk that our shareholders may not receive cash distributions equal to their allocated portion of our taxable income or even in an amount sufficient to satisfy the tax liability that results from that income. This risk is attributable to a number of variables, such as results of operations, unknown liabilities, government regulations, financial covenants relating to our debt, the need for funds for future acquisitions and/or to satisfy short- and long-term working capital needs of our businesses, and the discretion and authority of our board of directors to make distributions or modify our distribution policy.

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As a partnership, our company itself will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax (except as may be imposed under certain recently enacted partnership audit rules), although it will file an annual partnership information return with the IRS. The information return will report the results of our activities and will contain a Schedule K-1 for each company shareholder reflecting allocations of profits or losses (and items thereof) to our members, that is, to the shareholders. Each partner of a partnership is required to report on his or her income tax return his or her share of items of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and other items of the partnership (in each case, as reflected on such Schedule K-1) without regard to whether cash distributions are received. Each holder will be required to report on his or her tax return his or her allocable share of company income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and other items for our taxable year that ends with or within the holder’s taxable year. Thus, holders of common shares will be required to report taxable income (and thus be subject to significant income tax liability) without a corresponding current receipt of cash if we were to recognize taxable income and not make cash distributions to the shareholders.

Generally, the determination of a holder’s distributive share of any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership is governed by the operating agreement, but it is also subject to income tax laws governing the allocation of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and credits. These laws are complex, and there can be no assurance that the IRS would not successfully challenge any allocation set forth in any Schedule K-1 issued by us. Whether an allocation set forth in any particular K-1 issued to a shareholder will be accepted by the IRS also depends on a facts and circumstances analysis of the underlying economic arrangement of our shareholders. If the IRS were to prevail in challenging the allocations provided by the operating agreement, the amount of income or loss allocated to holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes could be increased or reduced or the character of allocated income or loss could be modified. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information.

All of our income could be subject to an entity-level tax in the United States, which could result in a material reduction in cash flow available for distribution to shareholders and thus could result in a substantial reduction in the value our shares.

Given the number of shareholders that we have, and because our shares are listed for trading on the over-the-counter market, we believe that our company will be regarded as a publicly traded partnership. Under the federal tax laws, a publicly traded partnership generally will be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A publicly traded partnership will be treated as a partnership, however, and not as a corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes so long as 90% or more of its gross income for each taxable year in which it is publicly traded constitutes “qualifying income,” within the meaning of section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and we are not required to register under the Investment Company Act. Qualifying income generally includes dividends, interest (other than interest derived in the conduct of a lending or insurance business or interest the determination of which depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person), certain real property rents, certain gain from the sale or other disposition of real property, gains from the sale of stock or debt instruments which are held as capital assets, and certain other forms of “passive-type” income. We expect to realize sufficient qualifying income to satisfy the qualifying income exception. We also expect that we will not be required to register under the Investment Company Act.

In certain cases, income that would otherwise qualify for the qualifying income exception may not so qualify if it is considered to be derived from an active conduct of a business. For example, the IRS may assert that interest received by us from our subsidiaries is not qualifying income because it is derived in the conduct of a lending business. If we fail to satisfy the qualifying income exception or is required to register under the Investment Company Act, we will be classified as a corporation for U.S. federal (and certain state and local) income tax purposes, and shareholders would be treated as shareholders in a domestic corporation. We would be required to pay federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its income. In addition, we would likely be liable for state and local income and/or franchise taxes on our income. Distributions to the shareholders would constitute ordinary dividend income (taxable at then existing ordinary income rates) or, in certain cases, qualified dividend income (which is generally subject to tax at reduced tax rates) to such holders to the extent of our earnings and profits, and the payment of these dividends would not be deductible to us. Shareholders would receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV in respect of such dividend income and would not receive a Schedule K-1. Taxation of our company as a corporation could result in a material reduction in distributions to our shareholders and after-tax return and would likely result in a substantial reduction in the value of, or materially adversely affect the market price of, our shares.

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The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in our shares may be modified by administrative, legislative, or judicial interpretation at any time, and any such action may affect investments previously made. For example, changes to the U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could make it more difficult or impossible to meet the qualifying income exception for our company to be classified as a partnership, and not as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, necessitate that our company restructure its investments, or otherwise adversely affect an investment in our shares.

In addition, we may become subject to an entity level tax in one or more states. Several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise, or other forms of taxation. If any state were to impose a tax upon our company as an entity, our distributions to you would be reduced.

Complying with certain tax-related requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive business or investment opportunities or enter into acquisitions, borrowings, financings, or arrangements we may not have otherwise entered into.

In order for our company to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, we must meet the qualifying income exception discussed above on a continuing basis and must not be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. In order to effect such treatment, we may be required to invest through foreign or domestic corporations, forego attractive business or investment opportunities or enter into borrowings or financings we (or any of our subsidiaries, as the case may be) may not have otherwise entered into. This may adversely affect our ability to operate solely to maximize our cash flow. In addition, we may not be able to participate in certain corporate reorganization transactions that would be tax free to our shareholders if we were a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Non-corporate investors who are U.S. taxpayers will not be able to deduct certain fees, costs or other expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

We will pay a management fee (and possibly certain transaction fees) to our manager. We will also pay certain costs and expenses incurred in connection with the activities of our manager. We intend to deduct such fees and expenses to the extent that they are reasonable in amount and are not capital in nature or otherwise nondeductible. It is expected that such fees and other expenses will generally constitute miscellaneous itemized deductions for non-corporate U.S. taxpayers who hold our shares. Under current law in effect for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, non-corporate U.S. taxpayers may not deduct any such miscellaneous itemized deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-corporate U.S. taxpayer’s inability to deduct such items could result in such holder reporting as his or her share of company taxable income an amount that exceeds any cash actually distributed to such U.S. taxpayer for the year. U.S. holders of our shares that are corporations generally will be able to deduct these fees, costs and expenses in accordance with applicable U.S. federal income tax law.

A portion of the income arising from an investment in our shares may be treated as unrelated business taxable income and taxable to certain tax-exempt holders despite such holders’ tax-exempt status.

We expect to incur debt with respect to certain of our investments that will be treated as “acquisition indebtedness” under section 514 of the Code. To the extent we recognize income from any investment with respect to which there is “acquisition indebtedness” during a taxable year, or to the extent we recognize gain from the disposition of any investment with respect to which there is “acquisition indebtedness,” a portion of that income will be treated as unrelated business taxable income and taxable to tax-exempt investors. In addition, if the IRS successfully asserts that we are engaged in a trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes (for example, if it determines we are engaged in a lending business), tax-exempt holders, and in certain cases non-U.S. holders, would be subject to U.S. income tax on any income generated by such business. The foregoing would apply only if the amount of such business income does not cause us to fail to meet the qualifying income test (which would happen if such income exceeded 10% of our gross income, and in which case such failure would cause us to be taxable as a corporation).

A portion of the income arising from an investment in our shares may be treated as income that is effectively connected with our conduct of a U.S. trade or business, which income would be taxable to holders who are not U.S. taxpayers.

If the IRS successfully asserts that we are engaged in a trade or business in the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes (for example, if it determines we are engaged in a lending business), then in certain cases non-U.S. holders would be subject to U.S. income tax on any income that is effectively connected with such business. It could also cause the non-U.S. holder to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a sale of his or her interest in our company. The foregoing would apply only if the amount of such business income does not cause us to fail to meet the qualifying income test (which would happen if such income exceeded 10% of our gross income, and in which case such failure would cause us to be taxable as a corporation).

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Risks related to recently enacted legislation.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. No assurance can be given as to whether, when or in what form the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to us and our shareholders may be enacted. Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations of U.S. federal income tax laws could adversely affect an investment in our shares.

We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be issued, nor is the long-term impact of recently enacted tax legislation clear. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws on an investment in our shares.

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares

We may not be able to maintain a listing of our common shares on NYSE American.

Our common shares are listed on NYSE American, and we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain the listing of our common shares on NYSE American. If we fail to meet any listing standards or if we violate any listing requirements, our common shares may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our common shares from NYSE American may materially impair our shareholders’ ability to buy and sell our common shares and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common shares. The delisting of our common shares could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.

We have agreed that within twenty (20) days of that date which is the earlier of that date on which (i) we receive notification from NYSE American that our common shares are no longer suitable for listing pursuant to Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide due to the low selling price of our common shares or (ii) the trailing 30-trading day average of our common shares as quoted on NYSE American is less than $0.20 per share, we shall implement a reverse share split in such a ratio that, in the reasonable opinion of our counsel, is sufficient to maintain the listing of our common shares on NYSE American. 

The market price, trading volume and marketability of our common shares may, from time to time, be significantly affected by numerous factors beyond our control, which may materially adversely affect the market price of your common shares, the marketability of your common shares and our ability to raise capital through future equity financings.

The market price and trading volume of our common shares may fluctuate significantly. Many factors that are beyond our control may materially adversely affect the market price of your common shares, the marketability of your common shares and our ability to raise capital through equity financings. These factors include the following:

● actual or anticipated variations in our periodic operating results;

● increases in market interest rates that lead investors of our common shares to demand a higher investment return;

● changes in earnings estimates;

● changes in market valuations of similar companies;

● actions or announcements by our competitors;

● adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;

● additions or departures of key personnel;

● actions by shareholders;

● speculation in the media, online forums, or investment community; and

● our intentions and ability to maintain the listing our common shares on NYSE American.

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An active, liquid trading market for our common shares may not be sustained, which may make it difficult for you to sell the common shares you purchase.

We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will sustain a trading market or how active and liquid that market may remain. If an active and liquid trading market is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling any of our common shares that you purchase at a price above the price you purchase them or at all. The failure of an active and liquid trading market to continue would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of our common shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling securities and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our securities as consideration.

There is no public market for the series A warrants, series B warrants or pre-funded warrants being offered.

We do not intend to apply to list the series A warrants, series B warrants or pre-funded warrants on NYSE American or any other national securities exchange. Accordingly, there is no established public trading market for these warrants being offered pursuant to this offering, nor do we expect such a market to develop. Without an active market, the liquidity of such warrants will be limited.

Holders of the series A warrants, series B warrants and pre-funded warrants will have no rights as shareholders until such holders exercise such warrants.

Holders of the series A warrants, series B warrants and pre-funded warrants purchased in this offering only acquire our common shares upon exercise thereof, meaning holders will have no rights with respect to our common shares underlying such warrants. Upon the exercise of the warrants purchased, such holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of shareholders only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

Provisions of the series A warrants and series B warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus could discourage an acquisition of us by a third-party.

Certain provisions of the series A warrants and series B warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus could make it more difficult or expensive for a third-party to acquire us. The series A warrants and series B warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions” unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the series A warrants and series B warrants. These and other provisions of the series A warrants and series B warrants could prevent or deter a third-party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.

The series A warrants and series B warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares and make it more difficult to effect a business combination.

To the extent we issue common shares to effect a future business combination, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional shares upon exercise of the series A warrants and series B warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle in the eyes of a target business. Such series A warrants and series B warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding common shares and reduce the value of the shares issued to complete the business combination. Accordingly, the series A warrants and series B warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business combination or increase the cost of acquiring a target business.

Additionally, the sale, or even the possibility of a sale, of the common shares underlying the series A warrants and series B warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our securities or on our ability to obtain future financing. If and to the extent the series A warrants and series B warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings. In addition, subject to certain exemptions, if we sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any option to purchase, or sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any common shares at an effective price per share less than the exercise price of the series B warrants then in effect, the exercise price of the series B warrants will be reduced to such price, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate exercise price will remain unchanged. In the event of such a dilutive issuance, the market price of our securities may be materially adversely affected.

We may not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the series A warrants.

The series A warrants may be exercised by way of an alternative cashless exercise, meaning that the holder may not pay a cash purchase price upon exercise, but instead would receive upon such exercise the net number of common shares determined according to the formula set forth in the series A warrants. Accordingly, we may not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the series A warrants.

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We may need to obtain shareholder approval in order to fully implement certain provisions contained in the series A warrants and series B warrants.

We have inquired of officials at NYSE American whether the price resets set forth in each of the series A and series B warrants would require shareholder approval notwithstanding the fact that this offering is intended to qualify as a “public offering” under Rule 713 of the NYSE American Company Guide. We have been informed by officials at NYSE American that if this transaction is deemed to be a public offering under the rules of NYSE American, then shareholder approval would not be required. However, NYSE American has not made a determination at this time as to whether this is or is not a public offering and may not make such determination prior to the effective date of this offering. Should NYSE American determine that this offering does or did not qualify as a “public offering” under the rules of the exchange, the alternative cashless exercise option in the series A warrants and certain anti-dilution provisions in the series B warrants would at such time and will thereafter not be effective until, and unless, we obtain the approval of our shareholders. Should NYSE American notify us that the exchange has determined that this offering does or did not qualify as a “public offering” under the rules of the exchange, no later than ninety (90) days following such notice, we will use reasonable best efforts to obtain, at a special meeting of our shareholders at which a quorum is present, such approval. In such an event, we will prepare and file with the SEC a proxy statement under Section 14 of the Exchange Act to be sent to shareholders in connection with such shareholder meeting. If we do not obtain shareholder approval at the first meeting, we shall call a meeting at least every ninety (90) days thereafter to seek shareholder approval until the earlier of the date on which such shareholder approval is obtained or the warrants are no longer outstanding. While we intend to promptly seek shareholder approval in such an instance, there is no guarantee that shareholder approval would ever be obtained. If we are required to and are unable to obtain shareholder approval, the series A warrants and series B warrants will have substantially less value. In addition, in such an event, we will incur substantial cost, and management will devote substantial time and attention, in attempting to obtain shareholder approval.

Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering.

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds of this offering. Accordingly, you will have to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of these proceeds. Our management may spend a portion or all of the net proceeds from this offering in ways that holders of our common shares may not desire or that may not yield a significant return or any return at all. Our management not applying these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may also invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. Please see “Use of Proceeds” below for more information.

The best efforts structure of this offering may have an adverse effect on our business plan.

The placement agent is offering the securities in this offering on a best efforts basis. The placement agent is not required to purchase any securities, but will use their reasonable best efforts to sell the securities offered. As a “best efforts” offering, there can be no assurance that the offering contemplated hereby will ultimately be consummated or will result in any proceeds being made available to us. The success of this offering will impact our ability to use the proceeds to execute our business plan.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.

As of June 30, 2024, our pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $(29,183,383), or approximately $(42.64) per share. Since the price per unit being offered in this offering is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per common share, you will suffer substantial dilution with respect to the net tangible book value of the units you purchase in this offering. Based on the assumed public offering price of $1.20 per unit being sold in this offering, the closing price of our common shares on October 8, 2024, and our pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024, if you purchase units in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution with respect to the net tangible book value of the common shares underlying the units of $2.94 per share if the maximum number of units being offered are sold. See “Dilution” for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase units in this offering.

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Future sales of our securities may affect the market price of our common shares and result in material dilution.

We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of our common shares, or the availability of common shares for future sale, will have on the market price of our common shares. Notably, we are obligated to issue 9,420 common shares upon the conversion of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares, 83,603 common shares upon the conversion of our outstanding series C senior convertible preferred shares, 484,081 common shares upon the conversion of our outstanding series D senior convertible preferred shares and 18,225 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $267.05 per share. We are also obliged to issue common shares upon the conversion of secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $24,110,000, which are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $0.13 (subject to adjustment), upon the conversion of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $724,281, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13, upon the conversion of 20% OID subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,064,060, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13, and upon the conversion of a 20% OID subordinated promissory note in the principal amount of $868,750, which is convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13. We have also reserved 38,462 common shares for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common shares at a time and price which you deem appropriate.

Rule 144 sales in the future may have a depressive effect on our share price.

All of the outstanding common shares held by the present officers, directors, and affiliate shareholders are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. As restricted shares, these shares may be resold only pursuant to an effective registration statement or under the requirements of Rule 144 or other applicable exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and as required under applicable state securities laws. Rule 144 provides in essence that a person who is an affiliate or officer or director who has held restricted securities for six months may, under certain conditions, sell every three months, in brokerage transactions, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1.0% of a company’s outstanding common shares. There is no limitation on the amount of restricted securities that may be sold by a non-affiliate after the owner has held the restricted securities for a period of six months if our company is a current reporting company under the Exchange Act. A sale under Rule 144 or under any other exemption from the Securities Act, if available, or pursuant to subsequent registration of common shares of present shareholders, may have a depressive effect upon the price of the common shares in any market that may develop.

Our series A senior convertible preferred shares, series C senior convertible preferred shares and series D senior convertible preferred shares are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders.

Holders of our series A senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to quarterly dividends, payable in cash or in common shares, at a rate per annum of 24.0% of the stated value ($2.20 per share), holders of our series C senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to accruing dividends, payable upon conversion or liquidation, at a rate per annum of 6.0% of the stated value ($10.00 per share) and holders of our series D senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to accruing dividends, payable upon conversion or liquidation, at a rate per annum of 10.0% of the stated value ($0.339 per share). In addition, upon any liquidation of our company or its subsidiaries, each holder of outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares will be entitled to receive an amount of cash equal to 115% of the stated value, plus an amount of cash equal to all accumulated accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not declared), and each holder of outstanding series C senior convertible preferred shares and series D senior convertible preferred shares will be entitled to receive an amount of cash equal to 100% of the stated value, plus an amount of cash equal to all accumulated accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not declared), all before any payment shall be made to or set apart for the holders of our common shares. This could limit our ability to make regular distributions to our common shareholders or distributions upon liquidation.

We may issue additional debt and equity securities, which are senior to our common shares as to distributions and in liquidation, which could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into additional debt or debt-like financing that is secured by all or up to all of our assets, or issuing debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes or shares. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of our debt securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to our shareholders.

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Any additional preferred securities, if issued by our company, may have a preference with respect to distributions and upon liquidation, which could further limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings and debt financing.

Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future. Thus, you will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the value of your common shares and diluting your interest in us. In addition, we can change our leverage strategy from time to time without approval of holders of our common shares, which could materially adversely affect the market share price of our common shares.

Our potential future earnings and cash distributions to our shareholders may affect the market price of our common shares.

Generally, the market price of our common shares may be based, in part, on the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future cash distributions, whether from operations, sales, acquisitions or refinancings, and on the value of our businesses. For that reason, our common shares may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net asset value per share. Should we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes or working capital reserves instead of distributing the cash flows to our shareholders, the retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares. Our failure to meet market expectations with respect to earnings and cash distributions and our failure to make such distributions, for any reason whatsoever, could materially adversely affect the market price of our common shares.        

Were our common shares to be considered penny stock, and therefore become subject to the penny stock rules, U.S. broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in our common shares.

Our common shares may be subject to the penny stock rules under the Exchange Act. These rules regulate broker-dealer practices for transactions in “penny stocks.” Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share. The penny stock rules require broker-dealers that derive more than 5% of their customer transaction revenues from transactions in penny stocks to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks, and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market, to any non-institutional customer to whom the broker-dealer recommends a penny stock transaction. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to completing the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction, the broker and/or dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. The transaction costs associated with penny stocks are high, reducing the number of broker-dealers who may be willing to engage in the trading of our common shares. These additional penny stock disclosure requirements are burdensome and may reduce all the trading activity in the market for our common shares. As long as our common shares are subject to the penny stock rules, holders of our common shares may find it more difficult to sell their shares.

Holders of our common shares may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under our operating agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Our operating agreement governing our common shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, holders of our common shares waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us arising out of or relating to our operating agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

If we opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of Delaware, which govern our operating agreement, by a federal or state court in the State of Delaware, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the operating agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to our operating agreement. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the operating agreement.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of our common shares bring a claim against us in connection with matters arising under our operating agreement, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us. If a lawsuit is brought against us under our operating agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the operating agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the operating agreement serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of our common shares or by us of compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “likely,” and similar expressions and variations thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Those statements appear in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of our management that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. You are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

● our ability to effectively integrate and operate the businesses that we acquire;

● our ability to successfully identify and acquire additional businesses;

● our organizational structure, which may limit our ability to meet our dividend and distribution policy;

● our ability to service and comply with the terms of indebtedness;

● our cash flow available for distribution and our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders;

● our ability to pay the management fee, profit allocation and put price to our manager when due;

● labor disputes, strikes or other employee disputes or grievances;

● the regulatory environment in which our businesses operate under;

● trends in the industries in which our businesses operate;

● the competitive environment in which our businesses operate;

● changes in general economic or business conditions or economic or demographic trends in the United States including changes in interest rates and inflation;

● our and our manager’s ability to retain or replace qualified employees of our businesses and our manager;

● casualties, condemnation or catastrophic failures with respect to any of our business’ facilities;

● costs and effects of legal and administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations and claims; and

● extraordinary or force majeure events affecting the business or operations of our businesses;

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein after we distribute this prospectus, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and although we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted a thorough inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

47

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $10.6 million if the maximum number of common units being offered are sold, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to use the proceeds of this offering to repay certain debt and for working capital and general corporate purposes, which could include future acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital. Pending these uses, we may invest the net proceeds in short- and intermediate-term interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States government.

We intend to use the proceeds from this offering to repay the following debt in full:

● On February 9, 2023, we issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $1,390,909 to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. and on February 22, 2023, we issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $878,000 to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. An aggregate principal amount of $724,281 remains outstanding under these notes. The notes bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum and matured on August 31, 2024.

● On August 11, 2023, we issued 20% OID subordinated promissory notes to certain investors which have an outstanding balance of $3,164,060. These notes are due and payable on October 10, 2024 and we may voluntarily prepay the notes in full at any time.

● On May 8, 2024, we issued a 20% OID subordinated note to an investor which has an outstanding balance of $868,750. The note is due and payable on November 30, 2024 and we may voluntarily prepay the note in full at any time (we are in the process of extending the maturity date of this note).

In addition, we intend to use the proceeds from this offering to reduce the balance of the following note by $1,434,375:

● On March 4, 2024, we issued a 20% OID subordinated note to an investor which has an outstanding balance of $4,250,000. This note is due and payable on November 30, 2024 and we may voluntarily prepay the note in full at any time.

Our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to this Offering and the Ownership of Our Common Shares—Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering.”

48

DIVIDEND AND DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Holders of our series A senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to dividends at a rate per annum of 24.0% of the stated value of $2.42 per share (subject to adjustment). Dividends shall accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and shall be cumulative. Dividends shall be payable quarterly in arrears on each dividend payment date in cash or common shares at our discretion. Dividends payable in common shares shall be calculated based on a price equal to eighty percent (80%) of the volume weighted average price for the common shares on our principal trading market during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the applicable dividend payment date; provided that if our common shares are not registered, any dividends payable in common shares shall be calculated based upon the fixed price of $1.57; and provided further that we may only elect to pay dividends in common shares based upon such fixed price if the volume weighted average price for the common shares on our principal trading market during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the applicable dividend payment date is $1.57 or higher.

Holders of our series C senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to dividends at a rate per annum of 6.0% of the stated value of $10.00 per share. Dividends shall accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and shall be cumulative. Dividends shall be payable only upon conversion or upon liquidation of our company.

Holders of our series D senior convertible preferred shares are entitled to dividends at a rate per annum of 10.0% of the stated value of $0.339 per share. Dividends shall accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and shall be cumulative. Dividends shall be payable only upon conversion or upon liquidation of our company.

We plan to make regular distributions on our outstanding common shares, subject to our operating subsidiaries generating sufficient cash flow to support such regular cash distributions. Our distribution policy will be based on the liquidity and capital of our businesses and on our intention to pay out as distributions to our shareholders most of the cash resulting from the ordinary operation of the businesses, and not to retain significant cash balances in excess of what is prudent for our company or our businesses, or as may be prudent for the consummation of attractive acquisition opportunities. If our strategy is successful, we expect to maintain and increase the level of regular distributions to common shareholders in the future.

The declaration and payment of any distribution to our common shareholders will be subject to the approval of our board of directors. Our board of directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and any contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of distributions by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and any other factors that the board of directors deems relevant. However, even if our board of directors were to decide to declare and pay distributions, our ability to pay such distributions may be adversely impacted due to unknown liabilities, government regulations, financial covenants of our debt, funds needed for acquisitions and to satisfy short- and long-term working capital needs of our businesses, or if our operating subsidiaries do not generate sufficient earnings and cash flow to support the payment of such distributions. In particular, we may incur debt in the future to acquire new businesses, which debt will have substantial debt commitments, which must be satisfied before we can make distributions. These factors could affect our ability to continue to make distributions to our common shareholders.

We may use cash flow from our operating subsidiaries, capital resources, including borrowings under any third-party credit facilities that we establish, or reduction in equity to pay a distribution. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more information about the tax treatment of distributions to our shareholders.

49

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2024:

● on an actual basis;

● on a pro forma basis to reflect (i) the dispositions of ICU Eyewear and High Mountain and the transactions related thereto described elsewhere in this prospectus, (ii) the issuance of 69,972 common shares upon the conversion of pre-funded warrants, (iii) the issuance of 5,137 series A senior convertible preferred shares in settlement of accrued dividends, (iv) the settlement of debt and issuance of 83,603 series C senior convertible preferred shares in connection therewith as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Settlement and Issuance of Series C Preferred Shares” below and (v) the issuance of an original issue discount promissory note and 6,293,022 series D senior convertible preferred shares as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Private Placements of OID Promissory Note and Series D Preferred Shares” below; and

● on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale of the maximum of 10,000,000 common units in this offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, and after giving effect to the use of proceeds described herein.

The as adjusted information below is illustrative only and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

	June 30, 2024
	Actual			Pro Forma			As Adjusted
Cash and cash equivalents	$	800,989		$	2,616,907		$	7,015,441
Long-term debt:
Notes payable		9,093,705			8,220,895			2,753,710
Convertible notes payable		25,844,919			23,370,969			22,646,688
Total long-term debt		34,938,624			31,591,864			25,400,398
Total shareholders’ equity:
Series A senior convertible preferred shares, 4,450,460 shares designated; 45,455 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 50,592 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and as adjusted		38,177			39,919			39,919
Series C senior convertible preferred shares, 83,603 shares designated; no shares issued and outstanding, actual; 83,603 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and as adjusted		-			214,860			214,860
Series D senior convertible preferred shares, 7,292,036 shares designated; 1,966,570 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 6,293,022 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and as adjusted		214,000			620,600			620,600
Allocation shares, 1,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual, pro forma and as adjusted		1,000			1,000			1,000
Common shares, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 614,441 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 684,413 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; and 10,684,413 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted		614			684			10,684
Distribution receivable		(2,000,000	)		(2,000,000	)		(2,000,000	)
Additional paid-in capital		62,769,531			62,148,364			74,138,364
Accumulated deficit		(90,242,920	)		(91,455,217	)		(91,455,217	)
Total 1847 Holdings shareholders’ deficit		(29,219,598	)		(30,429,790	)		(18,429,790	)
Non-controlling interests		(1,304,411	)		(1,304,411	)		(1,304,411	)
Total shareholders’ deficit		(30,524,009	)		(31,734,201	)		(19,734,201	)
Total capitalization	$	4,414,615		$	(142,337	)	$	5,666,197

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The table and discussion above exclude:

● 9,420 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares;

● 83,603 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series C senior convertible preferred shares;

● 484,081 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series D senior convertible preferred shares;

● 18,225 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $267.05 per share;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $24,110,000, which are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $0.13 (subject to adjustment);

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $724,281, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of 20% OID subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,164,060, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of a 20% OID subordinated promissory note in the principal amount of $868,750, which is convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● 38,462 common shares that are reserved for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan; and

● the common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in this offering.

51

DILUTION

If you invest in our securities in this offering, your ownership will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per common unit and the as adjusted net tangible book value per common share immediately after this offering. Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors is the amount by which the offering price paid by the purchasers of the common units sold in this offering exceeds the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per common share after this offering. Net tangible book value per share is determined at any date by subtracting our total liabilities from the total book value of our tangible assets and dividing the difference by the number of common shares deemed to be outstanding at that date.

As of June 30, 2024, our net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $(43,708,510), or approximately $(71.14) per share. After giving effect to (i) the dispositions of ICU Eyewear and High Mountain and the transactions related thereto described elsewhere in this prospectus, (ii) the issuance of 69,972 common shares upon the conversion of pre-funded warrants, (iii) the issuance of 5,137 series A senior convertible preferred shares in settlement of accrued dividends, (iv) the settlement of debt and issuance of 83,603 series C senior convertible preferred shares in connection therewith as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Settlement and Issuance of Series C Preferred Shares” below and (v) the issuance of an original issue discount promissory note and 6,293,022 series D senior convertible preferred shares as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Private Placements of OID Promissory Note and Series D Preferred Shares” below, the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) of our common shares as of June 30, 2024 is approximately $(29,183,383), or approximately $(42.64) per share.

After giving effect to the sale of the maximum of 10,000,000 common units in this offering, and after deducting the placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value (deficit) as of June 30, 2024 would have been approximately $(18,593,383), or approximately $(1.74) per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $40.90 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $2.94 per share to purchasers of our common units in this offering, as illustrated in the following table.

Assumed public offering price per common unit				$	1.20
Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of June 30, 2024	$	(71.14	)
Increase per share attributable to the pro forma adjustments described above		28.50
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of Juen 30, 2024		(42.64	)
Increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing common units in this offering		40.90
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value (deficit) per share after this offering					(1.74	)
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing common units in this offering				$	2.94

The table and discussion above exclude:

● 9,420 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series A senior convertible preferred shares;

● 83,603 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series C senior convertible preferred shares;

● 484,081 common shares issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding series D senior convertible preferred shares;

● 18,225 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $267.05 per share;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of secured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $24,110,000, which are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $0.13 (subject to adjustment);

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $724,281, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of 20% OID subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,164,060, which are convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● common shares issuable upon the conversion of a 20% OID subordinated promissory note in the principal amount of $868,750, which is convertible into our common shares only upon an event of default at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of our common shares on any trading day during the 5 trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.13;

● 38,462 common shares that are reserved for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan; and

● the common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in this offering.

52

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are an acquisition holding company focused on acquiring and managing a group of small businesses, which we characterize as those that have an enterprise value of less than $50 million, in a variety of different industries headquartered in North America.

Through our structure, we offer investors an opportunity to participate in the ownership and growth of a portfolio of businesses that traditionally have been owned and managed by private equity firms, private individuals or families, financial institutions or large conglomerates. We believe that our management and acquisition strategies will allow us to achieve our goals to make and grow regular distributions to our common shareholders and increase common shareholder value over time.

We seek to acquire controlling interests in small businesses that we believe operate in industries with long-term macroeconomic growth opportunities, and that have positive and stable earnings and cash flows, face minimal threats of technological or competitive obsolescence and have strong management teams largely in place. We believe that private company operators and corporate parents looking to sell their businesses will consider us to be an attractive purchaser of their businesses. We make these businesses our majority-owned subsidiaries and actively manage and grow such businesses. We expect to improve our businesses over the long term through organic growth opportunities, add-on acquisitions and operational improvements.

Recent Developments

Sale of High Mountain

On September 30, 2024, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with BFS Group LLC, or the Buyer, and High Mountain, pursuant to which we sold substantially all of the assets of High Mountain to the Buyer.

Pursuant to the terms of the asset purchase agreement, the Buyer acquired High Mountain for an aggregate cash only purchase price of $17,000,000, subject to certain pre-closing and post-closing adjustments. At closing, the purchase price was subject to a working capital adjustment and was also reduced by the amount of outstanding indebtedness repaid at closing (as more particularly described below) or assumed by the Buyer, as well as certain transaction expenses. Additionally, the purchase price was reduced by $1,700,000, which may be used for certain post-closing payments, or the Holdback Amount.

The purchase price is also subject to a post-closing adjustment. Under this provision, High Mountain delivered to the Buyer an estimated closing statement forth the estimated closing date payment amount, which included, among other things, High Mountain’s estimate of the net working capital of High Mountain and its business as of the closing date, calculated in accordance with the asset purchase agreement. Within 90 to 120 days following the closing date, the Buyer must deliver to High Mountain a final closing statement setting forth its determination of the actual closing date payment amount, including, among other things, the Buyer’s determination of the net working capital as of the closing date. If the actual closing date payment amount exceeds the estimated closing date payment amount, the Buyer must, within ten business days, pay to High Mountain an amount of cash that is equal to such excess. If the estimated closing date payment amount exceeds the actual closing date payment amount, High Mountain must, within ten business days, pay to the Buyer an amount in cash equal to such excess. If High Mountain fails to make such payment, the Buyer will have the right to recover such amount from the Holdback Amount.

Under the asset purchase agreement, the Buyer must use commercially reasonable efforts in the ordinary course of business to collect accounts receivable in a manner no less rigorous than the collection efforts used in Buyer’s own business operations, but is entitled to compensation for any uncollected accounts from the Holdback Amount. In addition, the asset purchase agreement provides that the Buyer must use commercially reasonable efforts in the ordinary course of business to finish and sell any special order or custom inventory that was included in the final net working capital, but is entitled to compensation, on the one-year anniversary of the closing, for any unsold special order or custom inventory from the Holdback Amount.

The asset purchase agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including customary restrictive covenants.

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Original Issue Discount Promissory Note

On June 28, 2024, our subsidiary 1847 Cabinet Inc., or 1847 Cabinet, issued an original issue discount promissory note to Breadcrumbs Capital LLC with a principal amount of up to $2,472,000, which is secured by a lien on all the assets of 1847 Cabinet and its subsidiaries, including the assets of High Mountain. In connection with the sale of High Mountain and the release of the lien on High Mountain’s assets in connection therewith, $1,102,038 of the purchase price was used to pay down this note.

6% Subordinated Convertible Promissory Notes

On October 8, 2021, 1847 Cabinet issued 6% subordinated convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,880,345 to Steven J. Parkey and Jose D. Garcia-Rendon. In connection with the sale of High Mountain, $3,207,057.94 of the purchase price was used to repay the remaining principal and interest of the notes in full.

Secured Convertible Promissory Notes

On October 8, 2021, we issued two secured convertible promissory notes in the principal amount of $16,900,000 and $7,860,000 to SILAC Insurance Company, or SILAC, and a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 to Leonite Capital LLC, or Leonite. Thereafter, (i) on September 1, 2023, SILAC entered into a securities purchase agreement with Altimir Partners LP, or Altimir, pursuant to which Altimir agreed to purchase the secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $16,900,000, $765,306.12 of which was then acquired by Leonite, and (ii) on December 1, 2023, SILAC entered into a securities purchase agreement with Beaman Special Opportunities Partners, LP, or Beaman, pursuant to which Beaman purchased the secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $7,860,000. All of the foregoing notes were secured by all of the assets of High Mountain. In connection with the sale of High Mountain, $5,815,767.91 of the purchase price was paid to Altimir and $2,819,710.83 of the purchase price was paid to Beaman. These funds are being held by Altimir and Beauman in a reserve account for our use in connection with a potential acquisition. If such potential acquisition is not completed by November 15, 2024, then these funds will be used to pay down these notes.

ICU Eyewear Foreclosure Sale

Our company is a limited guarantor of the Loan Agreement that was entered into on September 11, 2023 between the ICU Lender and our subsidiaries 1847 ICU Holdings Inc., or 1847 ICU, and ICU Eyewear Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiary ICU Eyewear. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the ICU Lender had a security interest in all the assets of ICU Eyewear. ICU Eyewear was in default under the Loan Agreement and consented to a foreclosure by the Lender and private sale of substantially all of its assets in an Article 9 sale process, pursuant to Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York and Section 9-610 of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of California (which we refer to as the Asset Sale). On August 5, 2024, ICU Eyecare Solutions Inc., an entity that is not affiliated with our company, was the successful bidder of the Asset Sale with a cash bid of $4,250,000. Pursuant to an agreement, dated August 5, 2024, and in consideration for such purchase price, the ICU Lender having foreclosed on its security interest in all of the assets of ICU Eyewear then conveyed all of its rights, title, and interest in all of such assets to ICU Eyecare Solutions Inc.

In connection with the Asset Sale, we entered into a non-competition agreement pursuant to which we agreed that, from and after August 5, 2024 and ending on August 5, 2029, we will not own, manage, control, participate in, or in any manner engage in the sale at wholesale or retail of (i) eyewear products, including eyeglasses, sunglasses, reading glasses, frames for eyeglasses, sunglasses, and reading glasses, and (ii) eyewear accessories, including cases, chains, cords and lanyards.

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OID Note Extensions

On July 10, 2024, we and the holders of the 20% OID subordinated promissory notes originally issued on August 11, 2023 entered into amendments to the notes, pursuant to which the parties agreed to extend the maturity date of these notes to October 10, 2024. As additional consideration for the amendments, we agreed to increase the outstanding principal by 25% of the outstanding principal amounts of the notes as an amendment fee.

On August 20, 2024, we and the holder of the 20% OID subordinated note originally issued on March 4, 2024 entered into a note extension agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed to extend the maturity date of this note to November 30, 2024. As additional consideration, we agreed to increase the outstanding principal to $4,250,000 as an amendment fee.

On September 26, 2024, we and the holder of the 20% OID subordinated note originally issued on May 8, 2024 entered in an amendment to (i) increase the original issue discount to $218,750, (ii) increase the principal amount to $868,750, (iii) increase the default amount (as defined in the note) to 140% and (iv) extend the maturity date to November 30, 2024.

Private Placements of OID Promissory Note and Series D Preferred Shares

On June 28, 2024, our subsidiaries 1847 Cabinet, High Mountain, Innovative Cabinets and Kyle’s issued an original issue discount promissory note in the principal amount of up to $2,472,000, to be advanced in one or more tranches, to Breadcrumbs Capital LLC, or Breadcrumbs. In connection with the issuance of the note, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with Breadcrumbs, pursuant to which we agreed to issue to Breadcrumbs upon the closing of each tranche under the note series D senior convertible preferred shares with a stated value equal to the principal amount of each such tranche.

On June 28, 2024, the parties executed tranche No. 1 in the principal amount of $666,667 for total cash proceeds of $475,000. In connection with such tranche, we issued 1,966,570 series D senior convertible preferred shares to Breadcrumbs.

On July 3, 2024, the parties executed tranche No. 2 in the principal amount of $466,667 for total cash proceeds of $350,000. In connection with such tranche, we issued 1,376,599 series D senior convertible preferred shares to Breadcrumbs.

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On July 16, 2024, the parties executed tranche No. in the principal amount of $233,333 for total cash proceeds of $175,000. In connection with such tranche, we issued 688,298 series D senior convertible preferred shares to Breadcrumbs.

On August 12, 2024, the parties executed tranche No. 4 in the principal amount of $466,667 for total cash proceeds of $350,000. In connection with such tranche, we issued 1,376,599 series D senior convertible preferred shares to Breadcrumbs.

On August 22, 2024, the parties executed tranche No. 5 in the principal amount of $300,000 for total cash proceeds of $350,000. In connection with such tranche, we issued 884,956 series D senior convertible preferred shares to Breadcrumbs.

Settlement and Issuance of Series C Preferred Shares

On August 19, 2024, we and our subsidiary 1847 Asien entered into a settlement and release agreement with Joerg Christian Wilhelmsen and Susan Kay Wilhelmsen, as Trustees of the Wilhelmsen Family Trust, U/D/T dated May 1, 1992, or the Trust, pursuant to which the Trust surrendered that certain 6% amortizing promissory note issued to it by 1847 Asien on July 29, 2020 and forgave the entire outstanding balance of the note in the amount of $831,027 in exchange for which we issued 83,603 series C senior convertible preferred shares to the Trust. The settlement agreement also includes a customary release of claims and covenant not to sue by the Trust.

Management Fees

On April 15, 2013, we and our manager entered into a management services agreement, pursuant to which we are required to pay our manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.5% of our adjusted net assets for services performed (which we refer to as the parent management fee). The amount of the parent management fee with respect to any fiscal quarter is (i) reduced by the aggregate amount of any management fees received by our manager under any offsetting management services agreements with respect to such fiscal quarter, (ii) reduced (or increased) by the amount of any over-paid (or under-paid) parent management fees received by (or owed to) our manager as of the end of such fiscal quarter, and (iii) increased by the amount of any outstanding accrued and unpaid parent management fees. We did not expense any parent management fees for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 or the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Following the assignment of Asien’s assets as described under “—Discontinued Operations” below, our manager ceased to provide services to 1847 Asien for quarterly management fees. 1847 Asien expensed management fees of $50,000 and $150,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $300,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are included in discontinued operations.

On August 21, 2020, 1847 Cabinet entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager, which was amended on October 8, 2021. Pursuant to the amended management services agreement, our manager will provide certain services to 1847 Cabinet in exchange for a quarterly management fee. This fee will be the greater of $125,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined within the amended management services agreement). 1847 Cabinet expensed management fees of $250,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and $500,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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On March 30, 2021, our subsidiary 1847 Wolo Inc., or 1847 Wolo, entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager. Pursuant to the management services agreement, our manager will provide certain services to 1847 Wolo in exchange for a quarterly management fee. This fee will be the greater of $75,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined within the management services agreement). 1847 Wolo expensed management fees of $150,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and $300,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

On February 9, 2023, 1847 ICU entered into an offsetting management services agreement with our manager. Pursuant to the management services agreement, our manager will provide certain services to 1847 ICU in exchange for a quarterly management fee. This fee will be the greater of $75,000 or 2% of adjusted net assets (as defined within the management services agreement). 1847 ICU expensed management fees of 150,000 and $75,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $225,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In addition, if the aggregate amount of management fees paid or to be paid to our manager under the offsetting management services agreements, exceeds, or is expected to exceed, 9.5% of our gross income in any fiscal year or the parent management fee in any fiscal quarter, then the management fee to be paid by such entities shall be reduced, on a pro rata basis determined by reference to the other management fees to be paid to our manager under other offsetting management services agreements.

On a consolidated basis, our company expensed total management fees from continued operations of $550,000 and $475,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1,325,000 and $1,100,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Segments

Following the divesture of the 1847 Asien retail and appliances segment, we had three reportable segments as of June 30, 2024:

● The retail and eyewear segment provides a wide variety of eyewear products (non-prescription reading glasses, sunglasses, blue light blocking eyewear, sun readers, outdoor specialty sunglasses and other eyewear-related products) as well as personal protective equipment (face masks and select health and personal care items).

● The construction segment provides finished carpentry products and services (door frames, base boards, crown molding, cabinetry, bathroom sinks and cabinets, bookcases, built-in closets, fireplace mantles, windows, and custom design and build of cabinetry and countertops).

● The automotive supplies segment provides horn and safety products (electric, air, truck, marine, motorcycle, and industrial equipment) and vehicle emergency and safety warning lights (cars, trucks, industrial equipment, and emergency vehicles).

We report all other business activities that are not reportable in the corporate services segment. We provide general corporate services to our segments; however, these services are not considered when making operating decisions and assessing segment performance. The corporate services segment includes costs associated with executive management, financing activities and other public company-related costs.

Discontinued Operations

On February 26, 2024, our subsidiary Asien’s Appliance, Inc., or Asien’s, entered into a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors with SG Service Co., LLC, or the Assignee. Pursuant to the assignment, Asien’s transferred ownership of all or substantially all of its right, title, and interest in, as well as custody and control of, its assets to the Assignee in trust. Following the assignment, we retained no financial interest in Asien’s. Accordingly, the results of operations of Asien’s are reported as discontinued operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth key components of our results of continued operations during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenues.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024						2023
	Amount			% of Revenues			Amount			% of Revenues
Revenues	$	30,414,856			100.0	%	$	30,327,696			100.0	%
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues		18,083,074			59.5	%		19,488,597			64.3	%
Personnel		6,522,258			21.4	%		5,416,230			17.9	%
Depreciation and amortization		845,930			2.8	%		1,099,200			3.6	%
General and administrative		4,528,480			14.9	%		3,851,794			12.7	%
Professional fees		4,872,222			16.0	%		873,722			2.9	%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		1,216,966			4.0			-			-
Total operating expenses		36,068,930			118.6	%		30,729,543			101.3	%
Loss from operations		(5,654,074	)		(18.6	)%		(401,847	)		(1.3	)%
Other income (expenses)
Other income		27,837			0.1	%		51,594			0.2	%
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		(13,815	)		(0.0	)%		-			-
Interest expense		(2,619,489	)		(8.6	)%		(2,610,777	)		(8.6	)%
Amortization of debt discounts		(6,604,925	)		(21.7	)%		(1,185,211	)		(3.9	)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,200,750	)		(3.9	)%		-			-
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liabilities		1,759,600	)		5.8	)%		-			-
Loss on change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(1,903,025	)		(6.3	)%		-			-
Preliminary gain on bargain purchase		-			-			2,639,861			8.7	%
Total other expense		(10,554,567	)