485APOS 1 i23004_etfzsc-485apos.htm

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2023

 

Securities Act Registration No. 333-196273

Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-22930

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  
Pre-Effective Amendment No. __ o
Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 x

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  
Amendment No. 145 x

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

 

USCF ETF Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640, Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

 

(510) 522-9600

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

Daphne G. Frydman

Chief Legal Officer

USCF Advisers LLC

1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copy to:

Cynthia R. Beyea

Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP

700 Sixth Street NW, Suite 700

Washington, DC 20001

Phone: (202) 383-0100

Facsimile: (202) 637-3593

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after this filing becomes effective.

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

oImmediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
oOn (date) pursuant to paragraph (b).
o60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
oOn (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
x75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
oOn (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

oThis post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION – PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 10, 2023

 

Prospectus

 

USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund

NYSE: ZSC

 

[     ], 2023

 

USCF ETF TRUST

* Principal U.S. Listing Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”)

 

NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (“SEC”) NOR THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (“CFTC”) HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

 

INVESTMENT PRODUCTS • ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • MAY LOSE VALUE • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

FUND SUMMARY — USCF SUSTAINABLE COMMODITY STRATEGY FUND 1
   
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGY, AND RISK INFORMATION 10
   
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION 24
   
MANAGEMENT 24
   
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT 26
   
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS 27
   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES 28
   
SHARE TRADING PRICES 29
   
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE 29
   
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION 29
   
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 29
   
BOOK ENTRY 30
   
DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS – HOUSEHOLDING 30
   
FREQUENT TRADING 30
   
TAX INFORMATION 30
   
ADDITIONAL NOTICES 33
   
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 33
   
PRIVACY POLICY 34

 

 

FUND SUMMARY — USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund

Investment Objective

The USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund (the “Fund”) seeks total return.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. Investors may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table or example below. The fees and expenses are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees(1)   [   ]%
Other Expenses(2)   0.00%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3)   [   ]%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses   [   ]%

 

(1)The Fund pays USCF Advisers LLC (the “Adviser”) an annual unitary management fee based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets at the rate set forth above. The Adviser is responsible for all expenses of the Fund except expenses for taxes and governmental fees; brokerage fees; commissions and other transaction expenses; costs of borrowing money, including interest expenses; securities lending expenses; extraordinary expenses (such as litigation and indemnification expenses); and fees and expenses of any independent legal counsel.
(2)Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
(3)Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the Fund’s current fiscal year.

Example

 

The following example is intended to help investors compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that investors would incur over various periods if they were to invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of the shares at the end of those periods. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% per year and that operating expenses remain the same. This example does not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay to buy and sell shares of the Fund. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:

 

1 Year 3 Years
$[   ] $[   ]

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities or financial instruments (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate will cause the Fund to incur additional transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, may affect the Fund’s performance. Importantly, this rate excludes the value of the portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind creations or redemptions of the Fund’s shares. The Fund is newly organized and, as a result, no portfolio turnover information is available as of the date of this Prospectus.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

 

The Fund seeks to provide broad exposure to commodities across three different sustainability focused themes: agriculture, renewable energy and electrification. In order to provide such exposure, the Fund will invest primarily in commodities derivative instruments (“Commodities Derivatives”) and equity securities (“Commodities Equities,” together with Commodities Derivatives, “Commodities Investments”). The Fund’s exposure to each of the three sustainability themes will be approximately equally weighted.

1 

 

Agriculture

 

The Adviser believes that global population growth will increase the demand for agricultural commodities, especially those that can be produced sustainably. The Fund will invest in agricultural commodities used for food and fiber. The agriculture portion of the Fund will consist primarily of Commodities Derivatives as determined by the selection methodology described below.

 

Renewable Energy

 

The Adviser believes that global demand for renewable energy will continue to increase as countries across the globe seek more sustainable ways to produce power and implement rules and regulations that encourage renewable energy production. The Adviser broadly defines renewable energy as energy from a renewable source (i.e., not depleted when used), such as wind, solar, water, and biomass.

 

While certain renewable energy sources are unable to be commoditized (such as the wind or the sun), governments and organizations across the globe have created programs that commoditize the use of renewable energy sources through renewable energy certificate programs. For example, under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Renewable Fuel Standard program, refiners and importers of gasoline or diesel fuel can generate renewable identification numbers (“RINs”) when they produce a gallon of renewable fuel. Similar to RINs, various regional organizations in the United States (such as the New England Power Pool Generation Information System) issue and track renewable energy certificates (“RECs”), which are generated when one megawatt-hour of electricity is produced from a renewable source. RINs and RECs can be used by fuel and electricity producers and generators to certify compliance with certain regulatory requirements related to renewable energy production, but they can also be traded on secondary markets.

 

The renewable energy portion of the Fund will consist of a mix of Commodities Derivatives and Commodities Equities, as determined by the selection methodology described below. For the renewable energy portion of the Fund, Commodities Derivatives will consist of renewable commodity futures (such as ethanol futures) and RIN and REC futures.

 

Electrification

 

“Electrification” refers to the process of replacing technologies that use fossil fuels with technologies that use electricity as a source of energy. The Adviser believes that the global desire to reduce fossil fuel consumption will continue to increase the rate of electrification. The process of electrification is heavily reliant on the production and development of batteries that contain certain industrial metals, precious metals, and rare earth metals (“Metals”). To gain exposure to Metals, the Adviser will primarily invest in Commodities Derivatives tied to Metals as determined by the selection methodology described below.

 

While the Fund is small, the Fund may pursue its electrification theme indirectly by investing in shares of the USCF Sustainable Battery Metals Commodity Strategy Fund. The Fund will waive any advisory fees received as a result of an investment in an affiliated fund.

 

Selection Methodology

 

The Adviser uses a proprietary multi-factor quantitative methodology to select the Commodities Investments. The propriety methodology first considers the universe of commodities across each theme: agricultural commodities, renewable energy sources, and electrification (as each is described above). Then, for a given theme, the methodology considers factors such as: the primary use of a specific commodity, the secondary and potential other uses of such commodity, and each commodity’s environmental impact. The methodology attempts to provide exposure to commodities in amounts that generally correspond to each commodity’s relative demand in connection with one of the sustainable themes described above. This means that the Fund will invest more heavily in those commodities that have a higher percentage of their total demand derived from sustainable uses.

 

Because Commodities Derivatives have the highest correlation to the prices of their underlying commodities, the methodology selects Commodities Derivatives when suitable derivatives are available. Suitable derivatives include exchange-traded and over-the-counter futures and swaps contracts on commodities. If these contracts are traded on an exchange, liquidity relative to the Fund’s size and trading needs are also considered in determining if a Commodities Derivative is suitable. Futures traded on U.S. or international exchanges with sufficient liquidity are prioritized. Swaps are used for any commodity that does not have a futures contract with sufficient liquidity. The Fund may also use options and forwards to supplement its futures and swaps positions or if adequate futures and swaps are not available. Because of the broad availability of suitable derivatives tied to the Fund’s agriculture and electrification themes, the Adviser expects that these portions of the Fund’s portfolio will consist primarily of such derivatives.

 

To the extent suitable Commodities Derivatives are not available to provide exposure to a commodity to which the Adviser desires to gain exposure, the Adviser’s methodology selects equities issued by companies that are economically tied to such commodity. The Adviser considers a company to be “economically tied” to a particular commodity if it generates at least 50% of its revenues from the production, extraction, use, distribution or other activities related to the commodity, or has projects that have the potential for the company to generate at least 50% of its revenues from these activities when developed. Once a company is selected for inclusion in the Fund by meeting the above criteria, it must continue to generate at least 25% of its revenues from activities related to the commodity or have projects with the potential for the company to generate at least 25% of its revenues from these activities when developed, in order to remain in the Fund. The Fund may not have exposure to every commodity used in agriculture, renewable energy, and electrification because there may not be a suitable derivative or equity security tied to each commodity across those themes. The Adviser’s propriety methodology will also exclude commodities that have only a de minimis connection to agriculture, renewable energy, or electrification. The Adviser will assess each Commodities Investment’s inclusion in the methodology on an annual basis.

2 

 

The portion of the Fund’s assets that are not invested in Commodities Investments or Carbon Offset Investments, will be primarily invested, directly or indirectly through the Subsidiary, in cash, cash equivalents, money market funds, or short maturity fixed-income investments or a combination thereof. The primary purpose of such investments will be to meet collateral requirements associated with the Fund’s Commodities Derivatives.

 

Net Zero Strategy

 

As an important component of the Fund’s sustainable strategy, the Fund seeks to achieve a “net-zero” carbon footprint by purchasing carbon offset investments (“Carbon Offset Investments”) in an amount equal to the estimated aggregate carbon emissions of the Fund’s holdings. The Fund’s goal of achieving a net-zero carbon footprint is equally as important as achieving its investment objective.

 

After all the Commodities Investments have been selected, the Adviser estimates the carbon emissions associated with each Commodities Investment. The Adviser relies on data published by governmental or multi-national organizations, scientific studies, investment bank/financial service companies, and internationally recognized environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) research firms to make such estimates. The Adviser then calculates the aggregate carbon emissions from all Commodities Investments in the portfolio and the Fund purchases Carbon Offset Investments in the form of carbon credit futures contracts in an amount equal to the net emissions. The resulting portfolio will exhibit an approximate, net-zero carbon footprint. Carbon emissions estimates will be updated annually.

 

Additional Investment Criteria

The Fund’s investments are not restricted in terms of geography. As such, the Fund may invest in both U.S. and non-U.S. companies, including companies located in emerging markets, and in instruments denominated in both U.S. dollars and foreign currencies. There is no limit to the percentage of the Fund’s equity investments that may be invested in emerging markets investments. In fact, to the extent the Fund invests in Commodities Equities related to the Fund’s electrification theme, a material portion of those investments will be issued by Chinese companies because globally, the majority of companies that derive their revenues from Metals are Chinese companies. The Fund will invest in Commodities Equities with a minimum capitalization of $100 million at the time of initial investment. Because many of the companies that are “economically tied” to Commodities used in agriculture, renewable energy, and electrification are smaller companies, it is expected that the Fund will invest in companies that would generally be classified as small- or mid-cap based on how such terms are defined by widely used indices. The Fund is “non-diversified” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

The Subsidiary

 

Although the Fund may invest in Commodities Derivatives directly, the Fund invests in Commodities Derivatives primarily through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund incorporated in the Cayman Islands, USCF Cayman Commodity [ ] (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser and has the same investment objective as the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in the Subsidiary.

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

 

You can lose money on your investment in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below.

 

Commodities Risk. Exposure to the commodities markets through investments in Commodities Investments may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The risks and hazards that are inherent in commodity production may cause the price of commodities to fluctuate widely. Significant changes in the value of commodities may lead to volatility in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and market price.

 

Derivatives Risk. The value of a derivative instrument, such as the Fund’s investments in Commodities Derivatives, depends largely on (and is derived from) an underlying asset (or a reference rate or index). Derivatives create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by owning the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset of a derivative could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. The Fund may not be able to close out a derivative transaction at a favorable time or price, particularly during adverse market conditions or market disruptions, including periods of increased volatility. Derivatives may also be harder to value, less tax efficient, and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. Also, derivatives used to gain or limit exposure to a particular market segment may not provide the expected benefits, particularly during adverse market conditions, such as current market conditions. These risks are greater for the Fund than most other exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) because the Fund will implement its investment strategy primarily through investments in Commodities Derivatives.

3 

 

Futures RiskFutures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of an asset at a specified future date (the expiration date) at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts and options are: (a) the imperfect correlation between the futures contract and the underlying commodity; (b) the possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which can, in certain instances, be unlimited; and (d) unfavorable execution prices. The Fund may need to sell a futures contract at an inopportune time for an unfavorable price, for example, as a futures contract approaches the expiration date, in order to avoid taking delivery of the underlying commodity the contract may be replaced by a similar contract that has a later expiration. This process is referred to as “rolling.” If the market for these contracts is in “contango,” meaning that the prices of futures contracts in the nearer months are lower than the price of contracts in the distant months, the sale of the near-term month contract would be at a lower price than the longer-term contract, resulting in a cost to “roll” the futures contract. Contango and backwardation (if the price of the near month futures contract is higher than the next futures month contract) may impact the total return on investment in shares of the Fund relative to spot prices of the commodities on which the Fund holds futures. It is impossible to predict with any degree of certainty whether backwardation or contango will occur in the future. It is likely that both conditions will occur during different periods.

 

Options Risk. An option is a type of derivative instrument that gives the holder the right (but not the obligation) to buy (“call”) or sell (“put”) an asset in the future at an agreed upon price prior to the expiration date of the option. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The value of options can be highly volatile, and their use can result in loss if the Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of price fluctuations.

 

Swaps RiskSwap agreements are two-party contracts entered into for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which can be adjusted for an interest factor. Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to pay the other party to the agreement. Swap agreements may also be illiquid, and in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position.

Asset Class Risk. Commodities Investments and other assets in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to other securities, assets or indexes that track other issuers, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries, markets, asset classes or sectors (including the futures markets). Various types of securities or assets may experience cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the general financial markets depending upon a number of factors including, among other things, inflation, interest rates, productivity, global demand for local products or resources, and regulation and governmental controls. This may cause the Fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes.

Equity Securities Risk. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by the Fund. Also, prices of equity securities are sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the prices of equity securities to which the Fund has exposure. Equity security prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. In addition, equity security prices may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase.

Common Stock Risk. Common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price for a variety of reasons including if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments. Common stock in which the Fund will invest is structurally subordinated as to income and residual value to preferred stock, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stock or debt instruments of such issuers.

 

Small and Mid-Capitalization Risk. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers that have comparatively smaller capitalizations relative to issuers whose securities are included in major equity benchmark indices, which presents unique investment risks. These companies often have limited product lines, markets, distribution channels or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent upon one or a few key people. The market movements of equity securities issued by issuers with smaller capitalizations may be more abrupt or erratic than the market movements of equity securities of larger, more established companies or the stock market in general. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

4 

 

Agriculture Companies Risk. Investments in the agricultural sector may be volatile and change unpredictably as a result of many factors, such as legislative or regulatory developments relating to food safety, the imposition of tariffs or other trade restraints, and the supply and demand of each commodity. Increased competition and changes in consumer tastes and spending can also influence the demand for agricultural products, affecting the price of such commodities and the performance of the Fund.

 

Renewable Energy Companies Risk. Renewable and alternative energy companies can be significantly affected by the following factors: obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, legislation resulting in more strict government regulations and enforcement policies, fluctuations in energy prices and supply and demand of alternative energy fuels, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, the supply of and demand for oil and gas, world events and economic conditions. In addition, shares of renewable energy companies have been significantly more volatile than shares of companies operating in other more established industries and such securities may be subject to sharp price declines. The renewable energy industry is relatively nascent in comparison to more established and mature sectors, and should therefore be regarded as having greater investment risk.

 

Metals and Mining Companies Risk. The Fund invests in securities that are issued by and/or have exposure to, companies primarily involved in the metals and mining industry. Investments in metals and mining companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices and extraction and production and/or processing costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and as a result, the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, trade treaties, and government regulation and intervention, and events in the regions that the companies to which the Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property, the imposition of restrictions on non-U.S. investments or repatriation of capital, military coups, social or political unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry. The mining, production, processing, refining and/or manufacturing of metals may be significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. For example, China, which produces approximately 80% of the world’s rare earth supplies, has ended its former export quota for rare earth metals following a World Trade Organization ruling. Future moves by China or other countries essential to the producing, refining or recycling of rare earth metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the Fund invests. Moreover, while it is expected that China will consume a large percentage of the rare earth metals produced within the country to support its growing economy, China has shown a willingness to flood the market for rare earth metals, which could cause companies in other countries to shut down.

 

Market Risk. The trading prices of commodities and other financial instruments fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting a specific market segment or the entire market, including global pandemics, such as the recent outbreak of COVID-19. The Fund’s NAV and market price may fluctuate significantly due to market risk. The Fund, and investors, could lose money over short periods due to short term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns, such as a recession. The loss of the entire principal amount of an investment is possible.

 

Infectious Illness Risk. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness, COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus has resulted in travel restrictions, disruption of healthcare systems, prolonged quarantines, cancellations, supply chain disruptions, lower consumer demand, layoffs, ratings downgrades, defaults and other significant economic impacts. Certain markets have experienced temporary closures, extreme volatility, severe losses, reduced liquidity and increased trading costs. There remains significant uncertainty around the duration of the impacts from COVID-19, including uncertainty regarding new variants that have emerged. Other infectious illness outbreaks in the future may result in similar impacts.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund will pursue its investment strategy without regard to whether its investment strategy presents adequate diversification among individual holdings. If there are adverse changes in the financial condition of a particular investment, the resulting adverse impact on the performance of the Fund may be more pronounced than if the Fund were more diversified.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in securities that are traded in foreign markets and that are not subject to the requirements of the U.S. securities laws, markets and accounting requirements. Investments in foreign securities involve certain considerations and risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign companies are not generally subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements as those applicable to U.S. companies. Foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision and regulation than is applicable to U.S. exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, dividend and interest income from foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments. There may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad, and it may be difficult to effect repatriation of capital invested in certain countries. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there are risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. Foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, so the value of the securities held by the Fund may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, shares of the Fund may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed, so there may be changes between the last quoted price from the portfolio security’s closed foreign market and the value of the foreign security during the Fund’s domestic trading day. These factors may result in differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

5 

 

Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in companies located in emerging market countries. The Fund’s investments in emerging market securities impose risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; and restrictions on foreign investment. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments and may present the risk of nationalization of businesses, expropriation, and confiscatory taxation or, in certain instances, reversion to closed market, centrally planned economies. Emerging market economies may also experience more severe downturns. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register or pay taxes or tariffs on the proceeds of securities sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.

 

China Risk. The Adviser anticipates that a material percentage of the Fund’s equity investment will be in the securities of Chinese issuers. China is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to developed markets. Therefore, in addition to the risks associated with investments in non-U.S. securities generally, the Fund is subject to certain risks associated specifically with investments in securities of Chinese issuers, including those issuers with securities listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. These risks include, among others: (i) frequent trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency fluctuations, (iii) intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or territorial conflicts or natural disasters and (x) increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other trade limitations.

 

Stock Connect Investing Risk. The Fund may invest in China A-shares through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the Fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to daily quotas that limit the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day, which may restrict or preclude the Fund’s ability to invest in Stock Connect A-shares. In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in China, which could pose risks to the Fund. Furthermore, securities purchased via Stock Connect will be held via a book entry omnibus account in the name of Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (“HKSCC”), Hong Kong’s clearing entity, at the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation (“CSDCC”). The Fund’s ownership interest in Stock Connect securities will not be reflected directly in book entry with CSDCC and will instead only be reflected on the books of its Hong Kong sub-custodian. The Fund may therefore depend on HKSCC’s ability or willingness as record-holder of Stock Connect securities to enforce the Fund’s shareholder rights. Chinese law did not historically recognize the concept of beneficial ownership; while Chinese regulations and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have issued clarifications and guidance supporting the concept of beneficial ownership via Stock Connect, the interpretation of beneficial ownership in China by regulators and courts may continue to evolve. Moreover, Stock Connect A-shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules.

 

A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-shares. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-shares are generally subject to Chinese securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. The Fund will not benefit from access to Hong Kong investor compensation funds, which are set up to protect against defaults of trades, when investing through Stock Connect. Stock Connect is only available on days when markets in both mainland China and Hong Kong are open, which may limit the Fund’s ability to trade when it would be otherwise attractive to do so. Since the inception of Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the Fund) investing in A-shares through Stock Connect have been temporarily exempt from the Chinese corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-shares. Dividends are subject to Chinese corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Additionally, uncertainties in permanent Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund.

 

The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further interpretation and guidance. There can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and mainland China, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the Fund’s investments and returns.

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Global Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The price of any non-U.S. investment and, therefore, the potential profit and loss on such investment, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time the order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset, or exercised. As a result, changes in the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar may cause losses to the Fund even if the investment would otherwise be profitable. The Fund does not intend to hedge against currency risk.

 

Carbon Market Risk. The Fund may invest in carbon offset credit derivatives (such as futures) and other carbon-related derivatives, the values of which are linked to emissions allowances related to so-called “cap and trade” programs established by governments and regulators. These programs could be discontinued or the demand for carbon credits could decline, adversely affecting the value of the Fund. The price of carbon offset credits is subject to national and global political events, such as governmental regulation and intervention.

 

Net-Zero Carbon Target Risk. The ability of the Fund to achieve its net-zero carbon target will be subject to the Adviser’s assessment of the carbon emissions of the Fund’s Commodities Investments. Although the Adviser only intends to reevaluate the emissions estimates of its investments on an annual basis, the emissions profile of a Commodities Investment may change more frequently. Moreover, the Adviser’s methodology for assessing the Fund’s carbon emissions exposure may differ from the methodology used by others. Furthermore, the Adviser’s methodology for measuring carbon emissions of an investment or the net carbon exposure of the Fund may differ from an investor’s assessment of either due to a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, use of different carbon emission data sources and differing views on how net-zero carbon exposure is achieved. The Adviser’s methodology for calculating the Fund’s carbon emissions exposure could prove to be imperfect or may not achieve its intended results.

 

Rare Earth Metal Companies Risk. Rare earth metals have more specialized uses and are often more difficult to extract. The use of strategic metals in modern technology has increased dramatically over the past years. Consequently, the demand for these metals has strained supply, which has the potential to result in a shortage of such materials, which could adversely affect the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, production, processing, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals tend to be small-, medium- and micro- capitalization companies with volatile share prices, are highly dependent on the price of rare earth metals, which may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time. The value of such companies may be significantly affected by events relating to international, national and local political and economic developments, energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects, commodity prices, tax and other government regulations, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. The mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals can be capital intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well, the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the underlying rare earth metals are rising. In addition, companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals may be at risk for environmental damage claims.

 

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may not always be able to liquidate its positions at the desired price or time (or at all) or at prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them. It may be difficult for the Fund to value illiquid holdings accurately. Unexpected market illiquidity may cause major losses at any time.

 

Illiquid Investments Risk. The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without significantly changing the market value of the investment. To the extent the Fund holds illiquid investments, the illiquid investments may reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may be unable to transact at advantageous times or prices.

 

Valuation Risk. The sale price the Fund could receive for a security or other asset may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security or asset, particularly for securities or assets that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities or assets in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares.

 

Fluctuation of NAV Risk. The market prices of the Fund’s shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of and demand for the Fund’s shares on the NYSE Arca. The Adviser cannot predict whether the Fund’s shares will trade below, at, or above NAV.

 

Secondary Market Risk. Although the Fund’s shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than NYSE Arca, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the market for an ETF’s shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings. Further, decisions by market makers or authorized participants to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying values of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. This reduced liquidity and effectiveness could result in shares trading at a discount to NAV and also in greater than normal intra-day bid-ask spreads for shares. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers and will incur the cost of the difference between “bid” and “ask” prices of the Fund’s shares.

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Long-Term Objective; Not a Complete Investment Program. The Fund is intended for investors seeking total return over the long term. An investment in shares of the Fund should not be considered a complete investment program. Each shareholder should take into account the Fund’s investment objectives as well as the shareholder’s other investments when considering an investment in the Fund.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because its portfolio will be actively managed. The Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results.

 

Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and its service providers seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

 

Position Limits Risk. Accountability levels, position limits, and daily price fluctuation limits set by the futures exchanges and regulations imposed by the CFTC may prevent the Fund from trading certain futures contracts or employing its investment strategies, which could harm the performance of the Fund.

 

Intermediary and Counterparty Risk. Futures and options contracts, and other forms of derivatives, as well as fixed income instruments, involve intermediaries or counterparties and therefore subject the Fund to the risk that an intermediary or counterparty could default on its obligations under an agreement, either through the intermediary’s or counterparty’s bankruptcy or general failure to perform its obligations. In the event of default, the Fund may not be able to recover its assets. Moreover, even if the Fund is able to recover some or all of its assets, such recovery could involve lengthy delays. During any such period, the Fund may have difficulty determining the value of its investments associated with the intermediary or counterparty, which in turn could result in the overstatement or understatement of the Fund’s NAV. This may negatively affect the Fund’s share price and may cause the Fund’s shares to trade at a premium or discount to NAV. For exchange-traded derivatives, including the Fund’s investments in futures contracts, a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) serves as the intermediary to the Fund (the FCM, in turn, serves as an intermediary to the applicable clearing organization). In such cases, the Fund faces the risk that the FCM would default on its obligations, including the FCM’s obligation to return margin posted by the Fund.

 

Commodity Market Regulatory Risk. The commodity interest markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the CFTC and futures exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the retroactive implementation of speculative position limits or higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits, and the suspension of trading. The regulation of commodity interest transactions (i.e., futures, options and swaps) in the United States is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund is impossible to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 

New Fund Risk. Since the Fund is new, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size. If a new fund were to fail to successfully implement its investment strategies or achieve its investment objectives, performance may be negatively impacted, and any resulting liquidation could create negative transaction costs for the fund and tax consequences for investors.

 

Investing in Other Investment Companies Risk. An investment in other investment companies (including money market funds) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund’s shareholders will incur certain duplicative fees and expenses, including investment advisory fees. The return on such investments will be reduced by the operating expenses, including investment advisory and administration fees, of such investment companies, and will be further reduced by the Fund’s own expenses, including management fees; that is, there will be a layering of certain fees and expenses.

 

Subsidiary Investment Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, the Fund, as an investor in the Subsidiary, will not have all the protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. A shareholder’s cost of investing in the Fund may be higher because shareholders bear the expenses of the Subsidiary. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary are organized or incorporated, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) and could negatively affect the Fund.

 

Cash Management Risk. To the extent the Fund holds cash, the Fund will earn reduced income (if any) on the cash and will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash and any fees imposed on large cash balances. If a significant amount of the Fund’s assets are invested in cash and cash equivalents, the Fund may underperform other funds that do not similarly invest in cash and cash equivalents for investment purposes and/or to collateralize derivative instruments.

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Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. Recently, inflation rates have risen to the highest levels seen in many decades. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s shares and distributions therefore may decline. Inflation may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

 

Fixed Income Investment Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income instruments, the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value. Other risk factors associated with fixed income investments include credit risk (the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates as the Federal Reserve continues to increase interest rates after a period of historically low rates.

 

Treasuries Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities or obligations (“Treasuries”). The value of Treasuries generally moves inversely with movements in interest rates. The prices of longer maturity securities are generally subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. If the Fund is required to sell Treasuries or other U.S. government obligations at a price lower than the price at which they were acquired, the Fund will experience a loss.

 

Leverage Risk. Borrowing transactions, derivatives transactions, and other investment transactions may create investment leverage. If the Fund engages in transactions that have a leveraging effect on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the value of the Fund will be potentially more volatile and all other risks will tend to be compounded. The use of leverage is considered to be a speculative investment practice and may result in losses to the Fund. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy repayment, interest payment, or margin obligations or other requirements.

 

Commodities Tax Risk. The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If it qualifies as a RIC and satisfies certain minimum distribution requirements, the Fund will not be subject to fund-level U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it timely distributes to shareholders. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must satisfy certain source-of-income requirements. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued a revenue ruling indicating that certain direct investments in commodity-linked instruments would not produce qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. Subsequent to this ruling, the IRS issued an additional revenue ruling and several private letter rulings in which it concluded that certain commodity-linked instruments and certain investments in foreign subsidiaries holding commodity-linked instruments would produce qualifying income. As discussed above, the Fund intends to gain exposure to the commodities market primarily through its investment in the Subsidiary. The Fund anticipates that its inclusion of income from the Subsidiary will be qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. This tax treatment may be adversely affected by additional changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from the Subsidiary is treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a RIC, in which case, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Fund level. Such adverse effects could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy. The Fund seeks to manage its investment in the Subsidiary and in Commodities Investments as necessary to maintain its qualifications as a RIC.

 

Authorized Participants Risk. Only certain institutions or large investors (typically, market makers or other broker-dealers) that have entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor (“Authorized Participants”) may purchase or redeem shares at NAV. The Distributor has entered into Authorized Participant Agreements with a limited number of institutions on behalf of the Fund. Should these Authorized Participants cease to act as such or, for any reason, be unable to create or redeem Shares of the Fund and new Authorized Participants are not appointed in their place, shares of the Fund may trade at a discount to the Fund’s NAV and possibly face delisting.

 

Cash Transaction Risk. Creation and redemption transactions may settle through payments consisting substantially of cash, which will cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage and other transaction costs, that it would not incur if it made solely in-kind redemptions.

 

Ukraine War Risk. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine. This invasion and sanctions brought by the United States and other countries against Russia have caused disruptions in many business sectors and have resulted in significant market disruptions, including increased volatility in certain commodity prices.

 

Fund Performance

 

The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. Performance information for the Fund will be provided in this section once the Fund has annual returns for a full calendar year. Current performance information is available at www.uscfinvestments.com.

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Performance information, when available, will give some indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by comparing the Fund’s performance with a broad measure of market performance. Please remember that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of its future performance and does not guarantee future results. The Fund may perform better or worse in the future.

Management

USCF Advisers LLC serves as the investment adviser to the Fund and the Subsidiary.

Portfolio Managers

 

Andrew F Ngim, a Management Director and Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in [ ].

 

Darius Coby, Director of Operations and Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in [ ].

 

Seth Lancaster, a Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in [ ].

 

Buying and Selling Fund Shares

 

The Fund is an ETF. This means that individual shares of the Fund may only be purchased and sold in the secondary market on a national securities exchange, such as NYSE Arca, through a broker-dealer. The price of the Fund’s shares is based on market price. Because Fund shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). When buying or selling shares in the secondary market, an investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the Fund (ask). This is known as the “bid-ask spread”.

 

Information about the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spread is available on the Fund’s website at www.uscfinvestments.com.

 

The Fund issues and redeems shares at NAV only in large blocks of shares (“Creation Units”), which only Authorized Participants that have entered into an agreement with ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) may purchase or redeem. Creation Units consist of 25,000 shares, though this may change from time to time. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units for a designated amount of cash, however, the Fund has adopted policies and procedures that allow it to utilize custom baskets and issue and redeem Creation Units partially in-kind (i.e., in exchange for a “basket” of securities). Authorized Participants are required to pay a transaction fee of $350 to compensate the Fund for brokerage and transaction expenses when purchasing and redeeming Creation Units.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms, and/or reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the Fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGY, AND RISK INFORMATION

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund seeks total return. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

Because the Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy, the Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Board without a vote of shareholders upon 60 days’ written notice to the Fund’s shareholders.

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Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

 

The Fund seeks to provide broad exposure to commodities across three different sustainability focused themes: agriculture, renewable energy and electrification. In order to provide such exposure, the Fund will invest primarily in Commodities Derivatives and Commodities Equities (together, “Commodities Investments”). The Fund’s exposure to each of the three sustainability themes will be approximately equally weighted.

 

Agriculture

 

The Adviser believes that global population growth will increase the demand for agricultural commodities, especially those that can be produced sustainably. The Fund will invest in agricultural commodities used for food and fiber. The agriculture portion of the Fund will consist primarily of Commodities Derivatives as determined by the selection methodology described below.

 

Renewable Energy

 

The Adviser believes that global demand for renewable energy will continue to increase as countries across the globe seek more sustainable ways to produce power, and implement rules and regulations that encourage renewable energy production. The Adviser broadly defines renewable energy as energy from a renewable source (i.e., not depleted when used), such as wind, solar, water, and biomass.

 

While certain renewable energy sources are unable to be commoditized (such as the wind or the sun), governments and organizations across the globe have created programs that commoditize the use of renewable energy sources through renewable energy certificate programs. For example, under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Renewable Fuel Standard program, refiners and importers of gasoline or diesel fuel can generate RINs when they produce a gallon of renewable fuel. Similar to RINs, various regional organizations in the United States (such as the New England Power Pool Generation Information System) issue and track RECs, which are generated when one megawatt-hour of electricity is produced from a renewable source. RINs and RECs can be used by fuel and electricity producers and generators to certify compliance with certain regulatory requirements related to renewable energy production, but they can also be traded on secondary markets.

 

The renewable energy portion of the Fund will consist of a mix of Commodities Derivatives and Commodities Equities, as determined by the selection methodology described below. For the renewable energy portion of the Fund, Commodities Derivatives will consist of renewable commodity futures (such as ethanol futures) and RIN and REC futures. The Adviser may invest in other renewable commodity futures (such as methanol and biodiesel futures) if and when markets for those futures mature and are able to support active trading.

 

Electrification

 

“Electrification” refers to the process of replacing technologies that use fossil fuels with technologies that use electricity as a source of energy. The Adviser believes that the global desire to reduce fossil fuel consumption will continue to increase the rate of electrification. The process of electrification is heavily reliant on the production and development of batteries that contain certain industrial metals, precious metals, and rare earth metals (“Metals”). The Fund’s metals investments will initially include metals such as cobalt, copper, iron ore, lithium, nickel, and other metals currently used in electrification. Specific metals may be added or removed as eligible metals when changes occur in the evolution of battery and electrification technology, and when exposure to these metals can be obtained. To gain exposure to Metals, the Adviser will primarily invest in Commodities Derivatives tied to Metals as determined by the selection methodology described below.

 

While the Fund is small, the Fund may pursue its electrification theme indirectly by investing in shares of the USCF Sustainable Battery Metals Commodity Strategy Fund. The Fund will waive any advisory fees received as a result of an investment in an affiliated fund.

 

Selection Methodology

 

The Adviser uses a proprietary multi-factor quantitative methodology to select the Commodities Investments. The propriety methodology first considers the universe of commodities across each theme: agricultural commodities, renewable energy sources, and electrification (as each is described above). Then, for a given theme, the methodology considers factors such as: the primary use of a specific commodity, the secondary and potential other uses of such commodity, and each commodity’s environmental impact. The methodology attempts to provide exposure to commodities in amounts that generally correspond to each commodity’s relative demand in connection with one of the sustainable themes described above. This means that the Fund will invest more heavily in those commodities that have a higher percentage of their total demand derived from sustainable uses.

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Because Commodities Derivatives have the highest correlation to the prices of their underlying commodities, the methodology selects Commodities Derivatives when suitable derivatives are available. Suitable derivatives include exchange-traded and over-the-counter futures and swaps contracts on commodities. If these contracts are traded on an exchange, liquidity relative to the Fund’s size and trading needs are also considered in determining if a Commodities Derivative is suitable. Futures traded on U.S. or international exchanges with sufficient liquidity are prioritized. Swaps are used for any commodity that does not have a futures contract with sufficient liquidity. The Fund may also use options and forwards to supplement its futures and swaps positions or if adequate futures and swaps are not available. Because of the broad availability of suitable derivatives tied to the Fund’s agriculture and electrification themes, the Adviser expects that these portions of the Fund’s portfolio will consist primarily of such derivatives.

 

To the extent suitable Commodities Derivatives are not available to provide exposure to a commodity to which the Adviser desires to gain exposure, the Adviser’s methodology selects equities issued by companies that are economically tied such commodity. The Adviser considers a company to be “economically tied” to a particular commodity if it generates at least 50% of its revenues from the production, extraction, use, distribution or other activities related to the commodity, or has projects that have the potential for the company to generate at least 50% of its revenues from these activities when developed. Once a company is selected for inclusion in the Fund by meeting the above criteria, it must continue to generate at least 25% of its revenues from activities related to the commodity or have projects with the potential for the company to generate at least 25% of its revenues from these activities when developed, in order to remain in the Fund. The Fund may not have exposure to every commodity used in agriculture, renewable energy, and electrification because there may not be a suitable derivative or equity security tied to each commodity across those themes. The Adviser’s propriety methodology will also exclude commodities that have only a de minimis connection to agriculture, renewable energy, or electrification. The Adviser will assess each Commodities Investment’s inclusion in the methodology on an annual basis.

 

The portion of the Fund’s assets that are not invested in Commodities Investments or Carbon Offset Investments, will be primarily invested, directly or indirectly through the Subsidiary, in cash, cash equivalents, money market funds, or short maturity fixed-income investments or a combination thereof. The primary purpose of such investments will be to meet collateral requirements associated with the Fund’s Commodities Derivatives.

 

Net Zero Strategy

 

As an important component of the Fund’s sustainable strategy, the Fund seeks to achieve a “net-zero” carbon footprint by purchasing Carbon Offset Investments in an amount equal to the estimated aggregate carbon emissions of the Fund’s holdings. The Fund’s goal of achieving a net-zero carbon footprint is equally as important as achieving its investment objective.

 

After all the Commodities Investments have been selected, the Adviser estimates the carbon emissions associated with each Commodities Investment. The Adviser relies on data published by governmental or multi-national organizations, scientific studies, investment bank/financial service companies, and internationally recognized ESG research firms to make such estimates. The Adviser then calculates the aggregate carbon emissions from all Commodities Investments in the portfolio and the Fund purchases Carbon Offset Investments in the form of carbon credit futures contracts in an amount equal to the net emissions. The resulting portfolio will exhibit an approximate, net-zero carbon footprint. Carbon emissions estimates will be updated annually.

 

Additional Investment Criteria

The Fund’s investments are not restricted in terms of geography. As such, the Fund may invest in both U.S. and non-U.S. companies, including companies located in emerging markets, and in instruments denominated in both U.S. dollars and foreign currencies. There is no limit to the percentage of the Fund’s equity investments that may be invested in emerging markets investments. In fact, to the extent the Fund invests in Commodities Equities related to the Fund’s electrification theme, a material portion of those investments will be issued by Chinese companies because globally, the majority of companies that derive their revenues from Metals are Chinese companies. The Fund will invest in Commodities Equities with a minimum capitalization of $100 million at the time of initial investment. Because many of the companies that are “economically tied” to Commodities used in agriculture, renewable energy, and electrification are smaller companies, it is expected that the Fund will invest in companies that would generally be classified as small- or mid-cap based on how such terms are defined by widely used indices. The Fund is “non-diversified” within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

 

The Subsidiary

 

Although the Fund may invest in Commodities Derivatives directly, the Fund invests in Commodities Derivatives primarily through the Subsidiary. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is able to obtain greater exposure to Commodities Derivatives while maintaining compliance with federal taxation requirements applicable to investment companies. The Fund will not invest more than 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary, as determined at the end of each fiscal quarter.

 

The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser and has the same investment objective as the Fund. The assets of the Subsidiary are subject to the same investment restrictions and limitations, and follow the same compliance policies and procedures as the Fund, except that the Subsidiary may invest without limitation in Commodities Derivatives and carbon derivatives and does not invest in Commodities Equities. The Subsidiary’s investments are considered to be part of the Fund’s portfolio. Neither the Fund nor the Subsidiary invests directly in commodities.

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Additional Information about the Fund’s Commodities Derivatives

Commodities are tangible assets that may be bought and sold. Commodities may be physically traded at their current market prices (referred to as “spot prices”), but are more commonly traded through the purchase and sale of derivative instruments, such as commodities futures contracts and swaps.

 

A commodities futures contract is a financial instrument in which a party agrees to pay a fixed price for a fixed quantity of a commodity at a specified future date. Such futures contracts expire on a monthly basis, while other derivative instruments are typically customized. Investors can close futures contracts prior to expiration, “roll” to a later contract, or allow the contract to expire and take settlement of the underlying commodity or financial instrument specified by the contract.

 

Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and another party (the swap counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” or value of predetermined underlying reference instruments. The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular investment, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular non-U.S. currency, or a “basket” of securities or investments representing a particular index. Swaps can also be based on credit and other events.

 

In a cleared swap, the Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses. When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver initial margin to the central counterparty (via the FCM). During the term of the swap agreement, variation margin will be paid by the Fund or received by the Fund in accordance with the rules of the relevant clearinghouse. Specifically, if the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional variation margin payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of the Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional variation margin to the Fund’s account.

 

In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. The Fund would enter into uncleared swaps based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the over-the-counter derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts. In the event that one party to a swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the other. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting or non-defaulting party, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. During the term of an uncleared swap, the Fund is usually required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if the swap were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument. Likewise, the counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.

 

Additional Information about the Fund’s Sustainable Net-Zero Strategy

 

The Fund’s sustainability-focused investment strategy allocates assets to Commodities Investments across three different sustainability focused themes: agriculture, renewable energy, and electrification.

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The Fund is purposefully designed for its investment portfolio to achieve a net-zero carbon emissions profile. This means that the Fund’s investment portfolio, in aggregate, will be “climate neutral.” The Fund gauges its carbon emissions profile by considering a variety of factors, including the carbon emissions profile of each company in which the Fund invests, the carbon emitted into the atmosphere by the production and/or processing of the commodities in which the Fund invests, and any of the Fund’s investments in Carbon Offset Investments.

 

The Fund considers carbon offset derivatives to be derivatives, such as futures contracts, where the underlying investment is a carbon credit. A carbon offset credit is a transferrable instrument certified by governments or other independent bodies to represent an emission reduction of a certain amount of carbon or other greenhouse gas.

 

More broadly, the Adviser believes that its Commodities Investments will promote access to, and availability of, renewable energy and metals that are crucial for modern climate solutions, and will facilitate capital formation and the development of technology that will advance global and national progress towards net-zero carbon emissions goals. The Fund’s investments in Commodities Derivatives will assist in facilitating the availability of capital and liquidity for these markets and which the Adviser believes will assist the companies producing and processing the commodities required for climate solutions.

Other Information about Investments in Commodities and Futures Generally

In futures markets, a situation known as “contango” arises when contracts for the closest month to delivery trade at lower prices than contracts for the next closest month to delivery. As a futures contract nears expiration, an investor who wishes to maintain a continuous investment must “roll” from the expiring contract to a later-dated contract. If the market is in contango, then, absent beneficial movements in spot prices, the later-dated contract will tend to decline in value as it approaches its own expiration. The process of holding futures contracts while the market is in contango may result in significant underperformance for a futures-based investment relative to the total return of other price indices, such as an index tracking a commodity’s spot price.

 

The CFTC has adopted certain requirements that subject a registered investment company and its investment adviser to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its net asset value in CFTC-regulated futures, options, or swaps, or if the registered investment company markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. Due to the Fund’s expected use of such CFTC- regulated instruments above the prescribed levels, the Fund is considered a “commodity pool” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”).

Other Investments and Activities

During market closures or under other circumstances where the Fund is unable to gain exposure to certain Commodities Derivatives, the Fund may, on a temporary basis, invest in exchange traded products that provide exposure to the specific Commodities Derivatives to which the Fund seeks exposure. For the purpose of calculating the carbon emissions associated with these investments, the Fund will look through to the underlying fund’s investments. The Fund may from time to time invest in high-yield debt instruments.

 

Additional Principal Risk Information about the Fund

 

This section provides additional information regarding the principal risks described under “Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund” in the Fund Summary. Each risk factor below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance and trading prices.

 

Commodities Risk. The value of a commodity is based upon the price movements of the commodity in the market. The risks and hazards that are inherent in commodity production may cause the price of commodities to fluctuate widely. These price changes may be magnified by computer- driven algorithmic trading, which is becoming more prevalent in the commodities markets. Because the Fund has exposure to the commodity markets, developments affecting commodities may have an impact on the Fund. Such developments may include, among other things:

 

·governmental, trade, fiscal, import, monetary and exchange control programs and policies;
·weather and climate conditions;
·changing supply and demand relationships;
·changes in international balances of payments and trade;
·U.S. and international rates of inflation;
·currency devaluations and revaluations;
·U.S. and international political and economic events;
·changes in interest and foreign currency/exchange rates;
·market liquidity; and
·changes in philosophies and emotions of market participants.

 

Exposure to the commodities markets through investments in commodity-linked instruments, including Commodities Derivatives, may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Significant changes in the value of commodities may lead to volatility in the Fund’s NAV and market price.

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Derivatives Risk. The value of a derivative instrument depends largely on (and is derived from) an underlying asset (or a reference rate or index). Derivatives create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by owning the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset of a derivative could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. The Fund may not be able to close out a derivative transaction at a favorable time or price, particularly during adverse market conditions or market disruptions, including periods of increased volatility. Derivatives may also be harder to value, less tax efficient, and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. Also, derivatives used to gain or limit exposure to a particular market segment may not provide the expected benefits, particularly during adverse market conditions, such as current market conditions. These risks are greater for the Fund than most other ETFs because the Fund will implement its investment strategy primarily through investments in Commodities Investments, which are derivative instruments.

 

SEC Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) regulates the ability of the Fund to enter into derivative transactions and other leveraged transactions. The Derivatives Rule defines the term “derivatives” to include short sales and forward contracts, in addition to instruments traditionally classified as derivatives, such as swaps, futures, and options. The Derivatives Rule also regulates other types of leveraged transactions, such as reverse repurchase agreements. Under the Derivatives Rule, a fund is prohibited from entering into derivatives transactions except in reliance on the provisions of the Derivatives Rule. The Derivatives Rule establishes limits on the derivatives transactions that a fund may enter into based on the value-at-risk (“VaR”) of the fund inclusive of derivatives.

 

Due to the nature of the Fund’s investments, the Fund is required to establish a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager, and carry out enhanced reporting to the Board, the SEC and the public regarding the Fund’s derivatives activities. These requirements will apply unless the Fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” which the Derivatives Rule defines as a fund that limits its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. It is possible that the limits and compliance costs imposed by the Derivatives Rule may adversely affect the Fund’s performance, efficiency in implementing its strategy, liquidity and/or ability to pursue its investment objectives and may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.

 

Futures Risk. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of an asset at a specified future date (the expiration date) at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts and options are: (a) the imperfect correlation between the futures contract and the underlying commodity; (b) the possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which can, in certain instances, be unlimited; and (d) unfavorable execution prices. The Fund may need to sell a futures contract at an inopportune time for an unfavorable price, for example, as a futures contract approaches the expiration date, in order to avoid taking delivery of the underlying commodity the contract may be replaced by a similar contract that has a later expiration. This process is referred to as “rolling.” If the market for these contracts is in “contango,” meaning that the prices of futures contracts in the nearer months are lower than the price of contracts in the distant months, the sale of the near-term month contract would be at a lower price than the longer-term contract, resulting in a cost to “roll” the futures contract. Contango and backwardation (if the price of the near month futures contract is higher than the next futures month contract) may impact the total return on investment in shares of the Fund relative to spot prices of the commodities on which the Fund holds futures. It is impossible to predict with any degree of certainty whether backwardation or contango will occur in the future. It is likely that both conditions will occur during different periods.

 

Options Risk. An option is a type of derivative instrument that gives the holder the right (but not the obligation) to buy (“call”) or sell (“put”) an asset in the future at an agreed upon price prior to the expiration date of the option. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The value of options can be highly volatile, and their use can result in loss if the Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of price fluctuations or the degree of correlation between the options and asset markets. The Fund may “cover” a call option by owning the security underlying the option or through other means. When options are purchased over the counter, the Fund bears counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Such options may also be illiquid, and in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position.

 

Swaps Risk. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into for ranging periods of time. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which can be adjusted for an interest factor. Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to pay the other party to the agreement. Swap agreements may also be illiquid, and in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position.

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Asset Class Risk. The Commodities Investments and other assets in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to other securities, assets or indexes that track other issuers, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries, markets, asset classes or sectors (including the futures market). Various types of securities or assets may experience cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the general financial markets depending upon a number of factors including, among other things, inflation, interest rates, productivity, global demand for local products or resources, and regulation and governmental controls. This may cause the Fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes.

 

Equity Securities Risk. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by the Fund. Also, prices of equity securities are sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the prices of equity securities to which the Fund has exposure. Equity security prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. In addition, equity security prices may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase.

 

Common Stock Risk. Common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price for a variety of reasons including if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments. Common stock in which the Fund will invest is structurally subordinated as to income and residual value to preferred stock, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stock or debt instruments of such issuers.

 

Small and Mid-Capitalization Risk. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers that have comparatively smaller capitalizations relative to issuers whose securities are included in major equity benchmark indices, which presents unique investment risks. These companies often have limited product lines, markets, distribution channels or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent upon one or a few key people. The market movements of equity securities issued by issuers with smaller capitalizations may be more abrupt or erratic than the market movements of equity securities of larger, more established companies or the stock market in general. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

 

Agriculture Companies Risk. The agricultural sector is subject to government subsidy policies and environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Specific governmental policies, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies and import and export restrictions on agricultural commodities and commodity products can influence the profitability of investing in agriculture. Import restrictions and tariffs that have recently been imposed by foreign countries on U.S. agricultural products are expected to negatively impact the profitability of investing in these products. The agricultural sector may also be adversely affected by changes in commercial and consumer demand for certain products. A growing competitive landscape and increased availability of such commodities can influence: (i) the planting and production of certain crops versus other uses of resources; (ii) the location and size of crop production; (iii) whether unprocessed or processed commodity products are traded; and (iv) the volume and types of imports and exports. Economic recession or labor difficulties may also lead to a decrease in demand for the products and services involved in agriculture. As a result, the price of agricultural commodities could decline, which would affect the performance of the Fund. The agricultural sector is also particularly sensitive to changing weather conditions, such as floods or droughts, natural disasters and other factors, such as disease outbreaks and pollution.

 

Renewable Energy Companies Risk. Renewable and alternative energy companies can be significantly affected by the following factors: obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, legislation resulting in more strict government regulations and enforcement policies, fluctuations in energy prices and supply and demand of alternative energy fuels, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, the supply of and demand for oil and gas, world events and economic conditions. In addition, shares of renewable energy companies have been significantly more volatile than shares of companies operating in other more established industries and such securities may be subject to sharp price declines due to factors such as events relating to international politics, the success of project development and tax and other governmental regulatory policies. Weak demand for the companies’ products or services or for renewable energy products and services in general, may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. The renewable energy industry is relatively nascent in comparison to more established and mature sectors, and should therefore be regarded as having greater investment risk. In addition, certain methods used to value companies involved in the alternative power and power technology sectors, particularly those companies that have not yet traded profitably, have not been in widespread use for a significant period of time. As a result, the use of these valuation methods may serve to increase further the volatility of certain alternative power and power technology company share prices.

 

Metals and Mining Companies Risk. The Fund invests in securities that are issued by and/or have exposure to, companies primarily involved in the metals and mining industry. Investments in metals and mining companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and as a result, the Fund’s Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, trade treaties, and government regulation and intervention, and events in the regions that the companies to which the Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property, the imposition of restrictions on non-U.S. investments or repatriation of capital, military coups, social or political unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry.

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The mining, refining and/or manufacturing of metals may be significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. For example, China, which produces approximately 80% of the world’s rare earth supplies, has ended its former export quota for rare earth metals following a World Trade Organization ruling. Future moves by China or other countries essential to the producing, refining or recycling of rare earth metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the Fund invests. Moreover, while it is expected that China will consume a large percentage of the rare earth metals produced within the country to support its growing economy, China has shown a willingness to flood the market for rare earth metals, which could cause companies in other countries to shut down.

 

Market Risk. The trading prices of commodities and other financial instruments fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting a specific market segment or the entire market, including global pandemics, such as the recent outbreak of COVID-19. The Fund’s NAV and market price may fluctuate significantly due to market risk. The Fund, and investors, could lose money over short periods due to short term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns, such as a recession. The loss of the entire principal amount of an investment is possible.

 

Infectious Illness Risk. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness, COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus has resulted in travel restrictions, disruption of healthcare systems, prolonged quarantines, cancellations, supply chain disruptions, lower consumer demand, layoffs, ratings downgrades, defaults and other significant economic impacts. Certain markets have experienced temporary closures, extreme volatility, severe losses, reduced liquidity and increased trading costs. There remains significant uncertainty around the duration of the impacts from COVID-19, including uncertainty regarding new variants that have emerged. Other infectious illness outbreaks in the future may result in similar impacts.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund will pursue its investment strategy without regard to whether its investment strategy presents adequate diversification among individual holdings. If there are adverse changes in the financial condition of a particular investment, the resulting adverse impact on the performance of the Fund may be more pronounced than if the Fund were more diversified.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in securities that are traded in foreign markets and that are not subject to the requirements of the U.S. securities laws, markets and accounting requirements. Investments in foreign securities involve certain considerations and risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign companies are not generally subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements as those applicable to U.S. companies. Foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision and regulation than is applicable to U.S. exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, dividend and interest income from foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments. There may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad, and it may be difficult to effect repatriation of capital invested in certain countries. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there are risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. Foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, so the value of the securities held by the Fund may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, shares of the Fund may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed, so there may be changes between the last quoted price from the portfolio security’s closed foreign market and the value of the foreign security during the Fund’s domestic trading day. These factors may result in differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in companies located in emerging market countries. The Fund’s investments in emerging market securities impose risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; and restrictions on foreign investment. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments and may present the risk of nationalization of businesses, expropriation, and confiscatory taxation or, in certain instances, reversion to closed market, centrally planned economies. Emerging market economies may also experience more severe downturns. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register or pay taxes or tariffs on the proceeds of securities sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.

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China Risk. The Adviser anticipates that a material percentage of the Fund’s equity investment will be in the securities of Chinese issuers. China is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to developed markets. Therefore, in addition to the risks associated with investments in non-U.S. securities generally, the Fund is subject to certain risks associated specifically with investments in securities of Chinese issuers, including those issuers with securities listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. These risks include, among others: (i) frequent trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency fluctuations, (iii) intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers, (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) market volatility caused by any potential regional or territorial conflicts or natural disasters and (x) increased trade tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, investment restrictions and other trade limitations. The central government has historically exercised substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation and/or state ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in China. Furthermore, China’s economy is dependent on the economies of other Asian countries and can be significantly affected by currency fluctuations and increasing competition from Asia’s other emerging economies. China has experienced security concerns, such as terrorism and strained international relations. Incidents involving China’s or the region’s security may cause uncertainty in Chinese markets and may adversely affect the Chinese economy and the value of the Fund’s investments. Export growth continues to be a major driver of China’s rapid economic growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers, or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy. Recent developments in relations between the U.S. and China have heightened concerns of increased tariffs and restrictions on trade between the two countries. An increase in tariffs or trade restrictions, or even the threat of such developments, could lead to a significant reduction in international trade, which could have a negative impact on China’s export industry and a commensurately negative impact on the Fund. China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other public health threats, infectious illnesses, diseases or similar issues in the future. Any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the Fund’s investments.

 

Certain investments in Chinese companies may be made through special structures known as variable interest entities or “VIEs.” Under the VIE structure, foreign investors such as the Fund own stock in a shell company rather than direct interests in the VIE, which must be owned by Chinese nationals (including Chinese companies) in order to operate in restricted or prohibited sectors in China. The value of the shell company is derived from its ability to consolidate the VIE into its financial statements based on contractual arrangements that enable the shell company to exert a degree of control over, and accrue economic benefits from, the VIE without formal legal ownership. While the use of VIEs is a longstanding industry practice well known by Chinese officials and regulators, the Chinese government’s acceptance of the VIE structure is evolving. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials and regulators will withdraw their acceptance of the structure. For investments using a VIE structure, all or most of the value of such an investment depends on the enforceability of the contracts between the listed company and the China-based VIE. It is uncertain whether the contractual arrangements, which may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest between the legal owners of the VIE and foreign investors, would be enforced by Chinese courts or arbitration bodies. Prohibitions by the Chinese government on the continued use of VIE structures, or the inability to enforce the underlying contracts from which the shell company derives its value, would likely cause the VIE-structured holdings to suffer significant, possibly permanent losses, and in turn, adversely affect the Fund’s returns and net asset value.

 

Stock Connect Investing Risk. The Fund may invest in China A-shares through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the Fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to daily quotas that limit the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day, which may restrict or preclude the Fund’s ability to invest in Stock Connect A-shares. In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in China, which could pose risks to the Fund. Furthermore, securities purchased via Stock Connect will be held via a book entry omnibus account in the name of HKSCC, Hong Kong’s clearing entity, at the CSDCC. The Fund’s ownership interest in Stock Connect securities will not be reflected directly in book entry with CSDCC and will instead only be reflected on the books of its Hong Kong sub-custodian. The Fund may therefore depend on HKSCC’s ability or willingness as record-holder of Stock Connect securities to enforce the Fund’s shareholder rights. Chinese law did not historically recognize the concept of beneficial ownership; while Chinese regulations and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have issued clarifications and guidance supporting the concept of beneficial ownership via Stock Connect, the interpretation of beneficial ownership in China by regulators and courts may continue to evolve. Moreover, Stock Connect A-shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules.

 

A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-shares. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-shares are generally subject to Chinese securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. The Fund will not benefit from access to Hong Kong investor compensation funds, which are set up to protect against defaults of trades, when investing through Stock Connect. Stock Connect is only available on days when markets in both mainland China and Hong Kong are open, which may limit the Fund’s ability to trade when it would be otherwise attractive to do so. Since the inception of Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the Fund) investing in A-shares through Stock Connect have been temporarily exempt from the Chinese corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-shares. Dividends are subject to Chinese corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Additionally, uncertainties in permanent Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund.

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The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further interpretation and guidance. There can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and mainland China, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the Fund’s investments and returns.

 

Global Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The price of any non-U.S. Commodities Investment and, therefore, the potential profit and loss on such investment, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time the order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset, or exercised. As a result, changes in the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar may cause losses to the Fund even if the Commodities Investment is profitable. The Fund does not intend to hedge against currency risk.

 

Carbon Market Risk. The Fund may invest in carbon offset credit derivatives (such as futures) and other carbon-related derivatives, the values of which are linked to emissions allowances related to so-called “cap and trade” programs established by governments and regulators. These programs could be discontinued, the demand for carbon credits could decline, or technologies may arise that may diminish or eliminate the need for cap and trade programs, adversely affecting the value of carbon offset credits and the Fund. The price of carbon offset credits is subject to national and global political events, such as governmental regulation and intervention. A “cap and trade” program is a regulatory program designed to limit, or cap, the total level of emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, by companies in regulated industries, such as manufacturers or energy producers. The regulator, such as a governmental entity or supranational organization, issues a limited number of annual emission allowances that allow companies to emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases. Companies are then taxed if they produce a higher level of emissions than allowed. If a company reduces its emissions levels, it can sell, or “trade,” unused emissions allowances to other companies on the open market. Over time, regulators lower the number of emissions allowances available each year, thereby lowering the total cap on emissions, making emissions allowances more expensive, thereby incentivizing regulated entities to reduce their emissions. A large scale reduction in emissions due to the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies, economic downturns, natural disasters or other such events or occurrences may suppress the demand for carbon offset credits, thereby reducing their value and adversely impacting the performance of the Fund.

 

Net-Zero Carbon Target Risk. The ability of the Fund to achieve its net-zero carbon target will be subject to the Adviser’s assessment of the carbon emissions of the Fund’s Commodities Investments. Although the Adviser only intends to reevaluate the emissions estimates of its investments on an annual basis, the emissions profile of a Commodities Investment may change more frequently. Moreover, the Adviser’s methodology for assessing the Fund’s carbon emissions exposure may differ from the methodology used by others. Furthermore, the Adviser’s methodology for measuring carbon emissions of an investment or the net carbon exposure of the Fund may differ from an investor’s assessment of either due to a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, use of different carbon emission data sources and differing views on how net-zero carbon exposure is achieved. The Adviser’s methodology for calculating the Fund’s carbon emissions exposure could prove to be imperfect or may not achieve its intended results.

 

Rare Earth Metal Companies Risk. Rare earth metals have more specialized uses and are often more difficult to extract. The use of strategic metals in modern technology has increased dramatically over the past years. Consequently, the demand for these metals has strained supply, which has the potential to result in a shortage of such materials which could adversely affect the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals tend to be small-, medium- and micro- capitalization companies with volatile share prices, are highly dependent on the price of rare earth metals, which may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time. The value of such companies may be significantly affected by events relating to international, national and local political and economic developments, energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects, commodity prices, tax and other government regulations, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. The mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals can be capital intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well, the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the underlying rare earth metals are rising. In addition, companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals may be at risk for environmental damage claims.

 

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may not always be able to liquidate its positions in its Commodities Investments at the desired price or time (or at all) or at prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them. It may be difficult for the Fund to value illiquid holdings accurately. A market disruption, including a pandemic such as COVID-19, or a foreign government taking political actions that disrupt the market for its currency, its crude oil production or exports, or another major export, can also make it difficult to liquidate a position. The market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Alternatively, limits imposed by the Futures Exchanges or other regulatory organizations, such as accountability levels, position limits, or daily price fluctuation limits, may contribute to a lack of liquidity. Unexpected market illiquidity may cause major losses at any time. The Fund does not intend at this time to establish a credit facility, which could provide an additional source of liquidity. Instead, the Fund relies only on its assets for liquidity. The anticipated large value of the positions that the Fund will acquire or enter into increases the risk of illiquidity. Disposal of illiquid securities may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for liquid securities.

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Illiquid Investments Risk. The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without significantly changing the market value of the investment. To the extent the Fund holds illiquid investments, the illiquid investments may reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may be unable to transact at advantageous times or prices. An investment may be illiquid due to, among other things, the reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in securities or instruments or the lack of an active market for such securities or instruments. To the extent that the Fund invests in securities or instruments with substantial market and/or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have increased exposure to the risks associated with illiquid investments. Liquid investments may become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. There can be no assurance that a security or instrument that is deemed to be liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid for as long as it is held by the Fund, and any security or instrument held by the Fund may be deemed an illiquid investment pursuant to the Fund’s liquidity risk management program. Illiquid investments may be harder to value, especially in changing markets. If the Fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss. This may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where redemptions from the Fund may be greater than normal. Other market participants may be attempting to liquidate holdings at the same time as the Fund, causing increased supply of the Fund’s underlying investments in the market and contributing to illiquid investments risk and downward pricing pressure. During periods of market volatility, liquidity in the market for the Fund’s shares may be impacted by the liquidity in the market for the underlying securities or instruments held by the Fund, which could lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV.

 

Valuation Risk. The sale price the Fund could receive for a security or other asset may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security or asset, particularly for securities or assets that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. Some portfolio holdings, potentially a large portion of the Fund’s investment portfolio, may be valued on the basis of factors other than market quotations. This may occur more often in times of market turmoil or reduced liquidity. There are multiple methods that can be used to value a portfolio holding when market quotations are not readily available. The value established for any portfolio holding at a point in time might differ from what would be produced using a different methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio holdings that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including “fair valued” securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their valuations from one day to the next than if market quotations were used. Investors who purchase or redeem Fund shares on days when the Fund is holding fair-valued investments may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the Fund had not fair-valued the holding(s) or had used a different valuation methodology. In addition, the value of the securities or assets in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares.

 

Fluctuation of NAV Risk. The market prices of the Fund’s shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of and demand for the Fund’s shares on NYSE Arca. The Adviser cannot predict whether the Fund’s shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. Price differences may be due in large part to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for the Fund’s shares will be closely related to, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the Fund’s holdings, trading individually or in the aggregate, at any point in time. The market prices of Fund shares may deviate significantly from the NAV of Fund shares during periods of market volatility. However, given that the shares can be purchased and redeemed in Creation Units (unlike shares of closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their NAVs), the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of the Fund’s shares should not be sustained over long periods. If an investor purchases the Fund’s shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV of the Fund’s shares or sells at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV of the Fund’s shares, then the investor may sustain losses.

 

Secondary Market Risk. Although the Fund’s shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than NYSE Arca, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s shares, and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In times of market stress, market makers or other Authorized Participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in shares of the Fund and in executing purchase or redemption orders, and this could, in turn, lead to variances between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares. Trading in shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of NYSE Arca, make trading in shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in shares on NYSE Arca is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to NYSE Arca “circuit breaker” rules. In stressed market conditions, the market for an ETF’s shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can result in wider bid/ask spreads and differences between the ETF’s NAV and market price. There can be no assurance that the requirements of NYSE Arca necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that Fund shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers and will incur the cost of the difference between “bid” and “ask” prices of the Fund’s shares.

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Long-Term Objective; Not a Complete Investment Program. The Fund is intended for investors seeking total return over the long term. An investment in shares of the Fund should not be considered a complete investment program. Each shareholder should take into account the Fund’s investment objectives as well as the shareholder’s other investments when considering an investment in the Fund.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because its portfolio will be actively managed. The Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results.

 

Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and its service providers seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

 

Position Limits Risk. Accountability levels, position limits, and daily price fluctuation limits set by futures exchanges have the potential to prevent the Fund from trading certain futures contracts or employing its investment strategies. Futures exchanges have established accountability levels and position limits on the maximum net long or net short positions that any person or group of persons under common trading control may hold, own, or control. In addition to accountability levels and position limits, futures exchanges also set daily price fluctuation limits on futures contracts. The Fund may be unable to trade futures contracts due to such limitations.

 

In addition, limitations imposed by the CFTC may also prevent the Fund from trading certain futures contracts or employing its investment strategies. On October 15, 2020, the CFTC adopted rules to impose limits on speculative positions in 25 “core” physical commodity futures contracts and swaps that are economically equivalent to such contracts, in the agriculture, energy and metals markets (the “Position Limit Rules”). Among other things, the Position Limit Rules: identify which contracts are subject to speculative position limits; set thresholds that restrict the size of speculative positions that a person may hold in the spot month; create an exemption for positions that constitute bona fide hedging transactions; impose responsibilities on designated contract markets (“DCMs”) and swap execution facilities (“SEFs”) to establish position limits or, in some cases, position accountability rules; and apply to both futures and swaps across four relevant venues: OTC, DCMs, SEFs as well as certain non-U.S. located platforms.

 

For the purpose of the Position Limit Rules, a market participant is generally required, subject to certain narrow exceptions, to aggregate all positions for which that participant controls the trading decisions with all positions for which that participant has a 10 percent or greater ownership interest in an account or position, as well as the positions of two or more persons acting pursuant to an express or implied agreement or understanding with that market participant (the “Aggregation Rules”).

 

The Position Limit Rules became effective on March 15, 2021 and compliance with the Position Limit Rules is required for the “core” energy and metals futures contracts as of January 2022, and will be required for economically equivalent swaps as of January 2023. The Position Limit Rules may negatively impact the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objective through limits that may inhibit the Adviser’s ability to sell additional Creation Units of the Fund.

 

Intermediary and Counterparty Risk. Futures agreements, and other forms of derivatives, as well as fixed income instruments, involve intermediaries or counterparties and therefore subject the Fund to the risk that an intermediary or counterparty could default on its obligations under an agreement, either through the intermediary’s or counterparty’s bankruptcy or general failure to perform its obligations. In the event of default, the Fund may not be able to recover its assets. Moreover, even if the Fund is able to recover some or all of its assets, such recovery could involve lengthy delays. During any such period, the Fund may have difficulty determining the value of its investments associated with the intermediary or counterparty, which in turn could result in the overstatement or understatement of the Fund’s NAV. This may negatively affect the Fund’s share price and may cause the Fund’s shares to trade at a premium or discount to NAV. Contractual provisions and applicable law may prevent or delay the Fund from exercising its rights to terminate an investment or transaction with a financial institution experiencing financial difficulties, or to realize on collateral (i.e., access the collateral in the event of a counterparty’s default). Further, another institution may be substituted for the struggling financial institution without the consent of the Fund. For exchange-traded derivatives, including the Fund’s investments in futures contracts, an FCM serves as the intermediary to the Fund (the FCM, in turn, serves as an intermediary to the applicable clearing organization). In such cases, the Fund faces the risk that the FCM would default on its obligations, including the FCM’s obligation to return margin posted by the Fund. If any intermediary or counterparty to the Fund becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding.

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Commodity Market Regulatory Risk. The commodity interest markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the CFTC and futures exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the retroactive implementation of speculative position limits or higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits, and the suspension of trading. The regulation of commodity interest transactions (i.e., futures, options and swaps) in the United States is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund is impossible to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 

The Fund and the Subsidiary are deemed “commodity pools” and the Adviser is considered a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund under the CEA. The Adviser is therefore subject to regulation by the SEC and the CFTC. The Adviser is also subject to regulation by the National Futures Association (“NFA”). The regulatory requirements governing the use of commodity futures, or options, certain swaps or certain other investments could change at any time.

 

The CFTC and the U.S. commodities exchanges impose limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short speculative positions that any person may hold or control in any particular futures, options contracts or swaps traded on U.S. commodities exchanges, as described under “Additional Principal Risk Information about the Fund – Position Limits Risk” in this section of this prospectus.

 

New Fund Risk. Since the Fund is new, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size. If a new fund were to fail to successfully implement its investment strategies or achieve its investment objectives, performance may be negatively impacted, and any resulting liquidation could create negative transaction costs for the fund and tax consequences for investors.

 

Investing in Other Investment Companies Risk. An investment in other investment companies (including money market funds) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund’s shareholders will incur certain duplicative fees and expenses, including investment advisory fees. The return on such investments will be reduced by the operating expenses, including investment advisory and administration fees, of such investment companies, and will be further reduced by the Fund’s own expenses, including management fees; that is, there will be a layering of certain fees and expenses.

 

Subsidiary Investment Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, the Fund, as an investor in the Subsidiary, will not have all the protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. A shareholder’s cost of investing in the Fund may be higher because shareholders bear the expenses of the Subsidiary. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary are organized or incorporated, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and the SAI and could negatively affect the Fund.

 

Cash Management Risk. To the extent the Fund holds cash, the Fund will earn reduced income (if any) on the cash and will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash and any fees imposed on large cash balances. If a significant amount of the Fund’s assets are invested in cash and cash equivalents, the Fund may underperform other funds that do not similarly invest in cash and cash equivalents for investment purposes and/or to collateralize derivative instruments.

 

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. Recently, inflation rates have risen to the highest levels seen in many decades. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s shares and distributions therefore may decline. Inflation rates may change frequently and significantly as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy and changes in economic policies, and the Fund’s investments may not keep pace with inflation, which may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

 

Fixed Income Investment Risk. When the Fund invests in fixed income instruments, the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value. In general, the market price of fixed income instruments with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term instruments. Issuers of fixed income instruments may have their debt downgraded by ratings agencies, or the public may perceive an issuer of a fixed income instrument as not being creditworthy, in which case there is a greater risk that the issuer will default on its obligations to the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. Also, a debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates as the Federal Reserve continues to increase interest rates after a period of historically low rates.

 

Treasuries Risk. The Fund invests in U.S. government obligations. U.S. government obligations include Treasuries and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. government or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. Treasuries are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The value of Treasuries generally moves inversely with movements in interest rates. The prices of longer maturity securities are generally subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. If the Fund is required to sell Treasuries or other U.S. government obligations at a price lower than the price at which they were acquired, the Fund will experience a loss.

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Leverage Risk. Borrowing transactions, derivatives transactions, and other investment transactions may create investment leverage. If the Fund engages in transactions that have a leveraging effect on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the value of the Fund will be potentially more volatile and all other risks will tend to be compounded. This is because leverage generally creates investment risk with respect to a larger base of assets than the Fund would otherwise have and so magnifies the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s underlying assets. The use of leverage is considered to be a speculative investment practice and may result in losses to the Fund. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy repayment, interest payment, or margin obligations or to meet other requirements.

 

Commodities Tax Risk. The Fund intends to qualify as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code. If it qualifies as a RIC and satisfies certain minimum distribution requirements, the Fund will not be subject to fund-level U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it timely distributes to shareholders. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must satisfy certain source-of-income requirements. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued a revenue ruling indicating that certain direct investments in commodity-linked instruments would not produce qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. Subsequent to this ruling, the IRS issued an additional revenue ruling and several private letter rulings in which it concluded that certain commodity-linked instruments and certain investments in foreign subsidiaries holding commodity-linked instruments would produce qualifying income. As discussed above, the Fund intends to gain exposure to the commodities market primarily through its investment in the Subsidiary. The Fund expects that the Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (or “CFC”), and that the Fund will be required to include the income of the Subsidiary in its taxable income each taxable year regardless of whether or not the Subsidiary distributes such income. The Code provides that the income inclusion from a CFC will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements if the CFC distributes such income in the same taxable year that such income is includable in the RIC’s taxable income. Recently, the IRS and the U.S. Department of Treasury issued final regulations consistent with the private letter rulings discussed above, concluding that, even if a CFC does not make a current distribution of its income, the income inclusion from a CFC will nonetheless be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements as long as it was derived with respect to the RIC’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As a result, the Fund anticipates that its income inclusion from the Subsidiary will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. This tax treatment may be adversely affected by additional changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from the Subsidiary was treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a RIC, in which case, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Fund level. Should the IRS issue guidance (which could apply to the Fund retroactively) or Congress enact legislation that adversely affects the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary, it could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy. The Fund seeks to manage its investments in the Subsidiary and Commodities Investments as necessary to maintain its qualification as a RIC.

 

Authorized Participants Risk. The Distributor has entered into Authorized Participant Agreements with a limited number of institutions on behalf of the Fund. Should these Authorized Participants cease to act as such or, for any reason, be unable to create or redeem shares of the Fund and new Authorized Participants are not appointed in their place, shares of the Fund may trade at a discount to the Fund’s NAV and possibly face delisting.

 

Cash Transaction Risk. Creation and redemption transactions may settle through payments of cash, which will cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage and other transaction costs, that it would not incur if it made in-kind redemptions. With in-kind redemptions, the Fund is able to avoid realized gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. If the Fund affects redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind distributions, it may be required to sell financial instruments in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute the redemption proceeds. Such cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees. These brokerage fees, which will be higher than if the Fund redeemed its shares in kind, will be passed on to redeemers of creation units in the form of redemption transaction fees. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the Fund’s shares. Because the Fund may settle creation and redemption transactions through cash, an investment in the Fund’s shares may be less tax efficient than investments in shares of a Fund that exclusively uses in-kind redemptions, and there may be a difference in the after-tax rate of return.

 

Ukraine War Risk. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and future market disruptions in the region are impossible to predict, but could be significant and may have a severe adverse effect on the region. Among other things, the conflict has resulted in increased volatility in the markets for certain commodities.

 

The United States and other countries and certain international organizations have imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia and certain Russian individuals, banking entities and corporations as a response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and additional sanctions may be imposed in the future. Such sanctions (and any future sanctions) will adversely impact the economies of Russia and Ukraine, and certain sectors of each country’s economy may be particularly affected, including but not limited to, financials, energy, metals and mining, engineering and defense and defense-related materials sectors. Among other things, the extent and duration of the military action, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia’s actions, including sanctions, future market or supply disruptions, and Ukraine’s military response and the potential for wider conflict may increase financial market volatility generally, have severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets, and cause volatility in the markets for commodities including the price of commodity futures, and the NAV or share price of the Fund.

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A resolution to the war in Ukraine also could impact the markets for certain commodities, and may have collateral impacts, including increased volatility, and cause disruptions to availability of certain commodities, commodity and futures prices and the supply chain globally. The longer-term impact on commodities and futures prices is difficult to predict and depends on a number of factors that may have a negative impact on the Fund in the future.

 

Other Investment Risks

Physical Delivery Risk. It is not the current intention of the Fund to take physical delivery of commodities. Futures contracts are traditionally not cash-settled contracts, but it is possible to take delivery under these and some other investments. Storage costs associated with purchasing commodities could result in costs and other liabilities that could impact the value of the Fund’s shares.

 

ETN Risk. ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities that are based upon the performance of a market index and are issued by an underwriting bank. The value of an ETN will fluctuate as the value of the market index fluctuates, which can cause sudden and unpredictable changes in the value of the ETN. ETNs are subject to risk of default by the issuer and risk of downgrade of the issuer’s credit rating. ETNs are also exposed to illiquidity risk. There may be no willing purchaser or the issuer may restrict the redemption amount or its redemption date.

 

ETP Risk. In addition to ETNs, the Fund may invest in other ETPs. Through its positions in ETPs, the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with such ETP’s investments, including the possibility that the value of the securities or instruments held by or linked to an ETP could decrease. An ETP’s lack of liquidity can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio investment or reference asset/benchmark component. In addition, certain ETPs may hold common portfolio positions, thereby reducing any diversification benefits.

 

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

 

The Fund’s portfolio holdings will be disclosed each day on its website at www.uscfinvestments.com. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings is available in the SAI.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Adviser

 

The Adviser has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since July 1, 2014, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of USCF Investments, Inc. (formerly Wainwright Holdings, Inc.) (“USCF Investments”). USCF Investments is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Marygold Companies, Inc., (formerly Concierge Technologies, Inc.), a company publicly traded under the ticker symbol “MGLD” (“Marygold”). Mr. Nicholas Gerber, along with certain family members and certain other shareholders, own the majority of the shares in Marygold. USCF Investments continues to operate its business as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Marygold.

 

The Adviser’s offices are located at 1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640, Walnut Creek, CA 94596. As of [ ], 2022, the Adviser and its affiliates had approximately $[ ] billion in assets under management.

 

The Adviser has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Fund and the Subsidiary. The Adviser provides an investment program for the Fund and the Subsidiary. The Adviser is responsible for the retention of sub-advisers to manage the investment of the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s assets in conformity with their investment policies if the Adviser does not provide those services directly. The Adviser has arranged for custody, distribution, fund administration, transfer agency, and all other services necessary for the Fund and the Subsidiary to operate. The Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and the expenses of the members of the Board who are affiliated with the Adviser. The Adviser may make payments from its own resources to broker-dealers and other financial institutions in connection with the sale of Fund shares.

 

On November 8, 2021, the United States Oil Fund, LP (“USO”), as well as its general partner, the United States Commodity Funds LLC (“USCF”), announced a resolution with each of the SEC and the CFTC relating to matters set forth in certain Wells Notices issued by the staffs of each of the SEC and CFTC as more fully described below. Like the Adviser, USCF is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Marygold.

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On August 17, 2020, USCF, USO, and John P. Love, the president and chief executive officer of USCF, received a “Wells Notice” from the staff of the SEC (the “SEC Wells Notice”). The SEC Wells Notice stated that the SEC staff made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC file an enforcement action against USCF, USO, and Mr. Love alleging violations of Sections 17(a)(1) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, in each case with respect to its disclosures and USO’s actions.

 

Subsequently, on August 19, 2020, USCF, USO, and Mr. Love received a Wells Notice from the staff of the CFTC (the “CFTC Wells Notice”). The CFTC Wells Notice stated that the CFTC staff made a preliminary determination to recommend that the CFTC file an enforcement action against USCF, USO, and Mr. Love alleging violations of Sections 4o(1)(A) and (B) and 6(c)(1) of the CEA, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6o(1)(A) and (B) and 9(1) (2018), and CFTC Regulations 4.26, 4.41, and 180.1(a), 17 C.F.R. §§ 4.26, 4.41, 180.1(a) (2019), in each case with respect to its disclosures and USO’s actions. 

 

On November 8, 2021, acting pursuant to an offer of settlement submitted by USCF and USO, the SEC issued an order instituting cease-and-desist proceedings, making findings, and imposing a cease-and-desist order pursuant to Section 8A of the 1933 Act, directing USCF and USO to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of Section 17(a)(3) of the 1933 Act, 15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)(3) (the “SEC Order”). In the SEC Order, the SEC made findings that, from April 24, 2020 to May 21, 2020, USCF and USO violated Section 17(a)(3) of 1933 Act, which provides that it is “unlawful for any person in the offer or sale of any securities . . . to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the purchaser.” USCF and USO consented to entry of the SEC Order without admitting or denying the findings contained therein, except as to jurisdiction.

 

Separately, on November 8, 2021, acting pursuant to an offer of settlement submitted by USCF, the CFTC issued an order instituting cease-and-desist proceedings, making findings, and imposing a cease-and-desist order pursuant to Section 6(c) and (d) of the CEA, directing USCF to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of Section 4o(1)(B) of the CEA, 7 U.S.C. § 6o(1)(B), and CFTC Regulation 4.41(a)(2), 17 C.F.R. § 4.41(a)(2) (the “CFTC Order”). In the CFTC Order, the CFTC made findings that, from on or about April 22, 2020 to June 12, 2020, USCF violated Section 4o(1)(B) of the CEA and CFTC Regulation 4.41(a)(2), which make it unlawful for any commodity pool operator (“CPO”) to engage in “any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or participant or prospective client or participant” and prohibit a CPO from advertising in a manner which “operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or participant or prospective client or participant,” respectively. USCF consented to entry of the CFTC Order without admitting or denying the findings contained therein, except as to jurisdiction.

 

Pursuant to the SEC Order and the CFTC Order, in addition to the command to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of Section 17(a)(3) of the 1933 Act, Section 4o(1)(B) of the CEA, and CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(2), civil monetary penalties totaling two million five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000) in the aggregate was required to be paid to the SEC and CFTC, of which one million two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($1,250,000) has been paid by USCF to each of the SEC and the CFTC, respectively, pursuant to the offsets permitted under the orders. 

 

The SEC Order can be accessed at www.sec.gov and the CFTC Order can be accessed at www.cftc.gov

 

Commodity Pool Operation

The Fund and the Subsidiary invest in commodity interests and are considered commodity pools, thereby subjecting the Fund and the Subsidiary to further regulation by the CFTC and the NFA. The NFA is designated by the CFTC as a registered futures association and is the self-regulatory organization for the U.S. derivatives industry.

In connection with its role as investment adviser to the Fund and the Subsidiary, the Adviser has registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) under the CEA. Accordingly, the Adviser is subject to registration and regulation as a CPO under the CEA, and must comply with various regulatory requirements under the CEA and the rules and regulations of the CFTC and the NFA, including antifraud provisions, disclosure requirements, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements. The Adviser is also subject to periodic inspections and audits by the CFTC and NFA.

The CFTC’s harmonization rules regarding the disclosure, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements apply to the Fund as a result of the Adviser’s registration as a CPO. Generally, these rules allow for substituted compliance with CFTC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements, based on the Adviser’s compliance with comparable SEC requirements. This means that for most of the CFTC’s disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements applicable to the Adviser as the Fund’s CPO, the Fund’s compliance with SEC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements will be deemed to fulfill the Adviser’s CFTC compliance obligations.

 

The Fund’s status as a commodity pool and the Adviser’s registration as a CPO are not expected to materially adversely affect the Fund’s ability to carry out its investment strategies. However, there may be additional compliance and other expenses for the Fund. In addition, registration as a CPO subjects the Adviser to additional laws, regulations, and enforcement policies, all of which could increase compliance costs and may affect operations and the financial performance of the Fund.

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Manager of Managers Structure

 

The Adviser and the Trust have received an exemptive order from the SEC to operate under a manager of managers structure that permits the Adviser, with the approval of the Board, to appoint and replace sub-advisers, enter into sub-advisory agreements, and materially amend and terminate sub-advisory agreements on behalf of the Fund and the Subsidiary without shareholder approval (the “Manager of Managers Structure”). Under the Manager of Managers Structure, the Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight of the Board, for overseeing the Trust’s sub-advisers and recommending to the Board their hiring, termination, or replacement.

 

The Manager of Managers Structure enables the Trust to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approvals for matters relating to sub-advisers or sub- advisory agreements. Operation of the Fund under the Manager of Managers Structure does not: (1) permit management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser to be increased without shareholder approval; or (2) diminish the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Fund or the Subsidiary, including the Adviser’s overall responsibility for overseeing the portfolio management services furnished by its sub-advisers. Shareholders will be notified of any changes made to sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements within 90 days of the change.

 

Advisory Agreements

 

The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) and as investment adviser to the Subsidiary pursuant to a separate investment advisory agreement (the “Subsidiary Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to investment advisory contracts with respect to both the Fund and the Subsidiary.

 

The Advisory Agreement and the Subsidiary Advisory Agreement were approved by the Board at the [ ] meeting of the Board. The basis for the Board’s approval of these agreements will be explained in the Fund’s [ ] report to shareholders for the period ending [ ], 2023.

 

Management Fees

 

The Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee as compensation for its services and its assumption of all Fund expenses, including the costs of investing in the Fund’s Subsidiary. The Adviser is responsible for all expenses of the Fund except expenses for taxes and governmental fees; brokerage fees; commissions and other transaction expenses; costs of borrowing money, including interest expenses; securities lending expenses; extraordinary expenses (such as litigation and indemnification expenses); and fees and expenses of any independent legal counsel. The Adviser may voluntarily waive any portion of its management fee from time to time, and may discontinue or modify any such voluntary limitations in the future at its discretion. The Subsidiary does not pay management fees to the Adviser.

 

The following table lists the total management fee paid by the Fund.

 

Fund  Management Fee
USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund  [ ]%

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

The Adviser supervises and manages the investment portfolio of the Fund and directs the purchase and sale of the Fund’s investments. The Adviser utilizes a team of investment professionals acting together to manage the assets of the Fund. The team meets regularly to review the Fund’s portfolio holdings and to discuss purchase and sale activity. The team adjusts holdings in in the Fund’s portfolio as they deem appropriate in the pursuit of the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund and the Subsidiary are jointly managed by the Adviser.

 

In managing the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s portfolios, the Adviser will comply with the investment policies and restrictions that apply to the management of the Fund. The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies and capital structure and leverage on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary’s principal investment strategies and principal risks constitute principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund. Both the Fund and the Subsidiary comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to affiliated transactions and custody.

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The members of the team primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolios are:

 

Andrew F Ngim co-founded United States Commodity Funds, LLC (“USCF”) in 2005 and has served as a Management Director since May 2005 and, since August 15, 2016, has served as the Chief Operating Officer of USCF. Mr. Ngim has served as the portfolio manager for United States Commodity Index Fund, United States Copper Index Fund, and United States Agriculture Index Fund since January 2013. Mr. Ngim also served as USCF’s Treasurer from June 2005 to February 2012. In addition, he has been on the Board of Managers and has served as the Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of the Adviser since its inception in June 2013. Prior to and concurrent with his services to USCF and the Adviser, from January 1999 to January 2013, Mr. Ngim served as a Managing Director for Ameristock Corporation, a California-based investment adviser, which he co-founded in March 1995, and was Co-Portfolio Manager of Ameristock Mutual Fund, Inc. from January 2000 to January 2013. Mr. Ngim also served or is serving as portfolio manager of the Stock Split Index Fund (from September 2014 through September 2017), the USCF Restaurant Leaders Fund (from November 2016 through September 2017), USCF SummerHaven SHPEI Index Fund (November 2017 through present), USCF SummerHaven SHPEN Index Fund (November 2017 through present), and the USCF SummerHaven Dynamic Commodity Strategy No K-1 Fund (May 2018 through present), each of which was or is a series of USCF ETF Trust. Mr. Ngim has also served as a Management Trustee of USCF ETF Trust from August 2014 through the present and of the USCF Mutual Funds Trust from October 2016 through the present. Mr. Ngim served as the portfolio manager of the USCF Commodity Strategy Fund, a series of USCF Mutual Funds Trust, from its inception in 2017 through March 2019. Mr. Ngim has been a principal listed with the CFTC and NFA of USCF since November 2005 and of the Adviser since January 2017. Mr. Ngim earned his B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley.

 

Darius Coby is a Portfolio Manager for the Adviser and USCF since March 2022. He also serves as the Director of Operations of USCF since March 2022 and oversees the technical operations of all USCF products including trading. Mr. Coby joined USCF in February 2015 and prior to joining USCF, he was the Customer Service Manager for Mechanics Bank.

 

Seth Lancaster is a portfolio manager for the Adviser. Prior to joining the Adviser in June 2022, Mr. Lancaster worked as Team Lead of ETF Portfolio Management Analysts for Invesco, an investment manager that manages a broad suite of exchange-traded funds and products, from May 2016 to May 2022. From June 2013 to April 2016, Mr. Lancaster worked as a Senior Analyst at Performance Trust Capital Partners LLC, a full-service investment bank. Mr. Lancaster obtained his M.B.A. from Elmhurst College in 2016 and his B.A. in Financial Economics from Capital University in 2012.

 

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of shares in the Fund.

 

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

Fund Administrator, Custodian, and Transfer Agent

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”), located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as the Fund’s administrator, custodian, and transfer agent.

 

Under a fund administration and accounting agreement, BNY Mellon serves as administrator for the Fund and provides necessary valuation and computation accounting services, financial reporting services, tax services, fund administration services, and regulatory administration services for the Fund.

 

Distributor

 

ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203, serves as the distributor of the Fund’s Creation Units on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in shares.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[    ], located at [     ], serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust and the Fund.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP, 700 Sixth Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001-3980, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.

 

Management of the Subsidiary

 

The Subsidiary is wholly-owned by the Fund. The Subsidiary is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, and shares in the Subsidiary will not be sold or offered to other investors. The Adviser serves as the investment adviser of the Subsidiary. The Fund and the Subsidiary are jointly managed by the Adviser to comply with the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund.

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The Fund and the Subsidiary are jointly managed by the Adviser to comply with the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund. As a result, in managing the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s portfolios, the Adviser will comply with the investment policies and restrictions that apply to the management of the Fund.

 

The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, the Fund, as an investor in the Subsidiary, will not have all the protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. Nonetheless, the Fund wholly-owns and controls the Subsidiary, and the Fund and the Subsidiary are both managed by the Adviser, making it unlikely that the Subsidiary would take action contrary to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.

 

The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies and capital structure and leverage on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary’s principal investment strategies and principal risks constitute principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund. Both the Fund and the Subsidiary comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to affiliated transactions and custody.

 

The Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer oversees implementation of the Subsidiary’s policies and procedures and makes periodic reports to the Board regarding the Subsidiary’s compliance therewith. In addition, the Subsidiary is a commodity pool, like the Fund, and the Adviser is the commodity pool operator of the Subsidiary, as well as the Fund. BNY Mellon serves as the custodian and transfer agent for the Subsidiary.

 

CYBERSECURITY RISK

The Trust and its service providers depend heavily upon computer systems to perform necessary business functions. As such, the Trust and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity. While the Trust and its service providers engage in actions to maintain cybersecurity and mitigate the risks associated cybersecurity breaches, there is no guarantee that the Trust or its service providers will successfully prevent cybersecurity breaches or that cybersecurity breaches or threats will not interrupt the Trust’s operations, result in increased costs to the Trust, or negatively affect you or your investment in the Fund.

A breach in cybersecurity refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause the Trust or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, or lose operational capacity. Breaches in cybersecurity include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information, or various other forms of cyber-attacks. A breach in cybersecurity may also include or result from a natural catastrophe, industrial accident, failure of disaster recovery systems, or employee error. Breaches in cybersecurity may become particularly acute if they affect electronic data processing; affect transmission, storage, or retrieval systems; or impact the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of data. Despite the implementation of security measures, computer systems, networks, and data related to the Trust’s operations, like those of other companies, could be subject to cyber-attacks and unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction, such as from physical and electronic break-ins or unauthorized tampering.

Cybersecurity breaches may interfere with the processing of transactions, impact the Trust’s ability to calculate its NAVs, cause the release of private information or confidential business information, impede trading, cause the Trust to incur costs associated with mitigation or remediation, subject the Trust to regulatory fines or financial losses, and/or cause customer dissatisfaction or reputational harm to the Trust. The Trust may also incur additional costs to increase cybersecurity. Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Trust may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Trust’s investments to lose value.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES

 

Trading Fund Shares

 

Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Fund through brokers on the secondary market. Shares of the Fund trade on NYSE Arca and elsewhere during the trading day and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly-traded securities. When buying or selling shares through a broker, investors will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction.

 

Shares of the Fund trade under the trading symbol ZSC.

 

Transaction Fees on Creation and Redemption Transactions

 

Authorized Participants are required to pay a transaction fee of $350 to compensate the Fund for brokerage and transaction expenses when purchasing or redeeming Creation Units. The transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant purchases or redeems a Creation Unit. The Fund reserves the right to waive transaction fees, if doing so is in the best interest of the Fund.

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The following table shows the transaction fee and maximum additional charges for creations and redemptions by Authorized Participants (as described above):

 

Creation Unit Size   Standard Creation/
Redemption Transaction Fee
25,000   $350

 

SHARE TRADING PRICES

Transactions in the Fund’s shares will be priced at NAV only for Authorized Participants transacting in Creation Units. All other investors buy and sell shares of the Fund through brokers at prices established throughout the day in the secondary market. As with other types of securities, the trading prices of shares in the secondary market can be affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions, and other factors. Accordingly, the price most investors pay or receive when they buy or sell your shares in the secondary market may be more or less than the NAV of such shares.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The NAV of the Fund’s shares is calculated each day the national securities exchanges are open for trading as of the close of regular trading on NYSE Arca, generally 4:00 p.m. New York time (the “NAV Calculation Time”). NAV per share is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by the number of the Fund’s outstanding shares.

 

In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. Debt obligations with maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost.

 

Fair value pricing is used by the Fund when reliable market valuations are not readily available or are not deemed to reflect current market values. Securities that may be valued using “fair value” pricing may include, but are not limited to, securities for which there are no current market quotations or whose issuer is in default or bankruptcy, securities subject to corporate actions (such as mergers or reorganizations), securities subject to non-U.S. investment limits or currency controls, and securities affected by “significant events.” An example of a significant event is an event, occurring after the close of the market in which a security trades but before the Fund’s next NAV Calculation Time, that may materially affect the value of the Fund’s investment (e.g., government action, natural disaster, or significant market fluctuation). When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

 

Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act sets forth the requirements for determining fair value in good faith. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board, including a majority of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, designated the Adviser to perform fair value determinations and act as “valuation designee.” As valuation designee, the Adviser must (i) periodically assess and manage valuation risks; (ii) establish and apply fair value methodologies; (iii) test fair value methodologies; (iv) oversee and evaluate independent pricing services; (v) provide the Board with the reporting required under Rule 2a-5; and (vi) maintain records as required under Rule 31a-4 under the 1940 Act.

 

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary offers to redeem all or a portion of its shares every Business Day. The value of the Subsidiary’s shares will fluctuate with the value of its portfolio investments. The Subsidiary uses the same methodologies described above to price its shares.

 

PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION

Information regarding the extent and frequency with which market prices of the Fund’s shares have traded at a premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV for the most recently completed calendar year and the completed calendar quarters thereafter will be available without charge at www.uscfinvestments.com.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

The Fund intends to pay out dividends on a quarterly basis. Nonetheless, the Fund may not make a dividend payment every quarter. The Fund intends to distribute its net realized capital gains, if any, to investors annually. The Fund may occasionally be required to make supplemental distributions at some other time during the year. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole shares only if the broker through whom you purchased shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.

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BOOK ENTRY

Shares of the Fund are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding shares of the Fund.

 

Investors owning shares of the Fund are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares of the Fund. Participants include DTC, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” form. Your broker will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales, and tax information.

DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS – HOUSEHOLDING

Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.

 

FREQUENT TRADING

Shares of the Fund may be purchased and redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation Units by Authorized Participants. The vast majority of trading in the Fund’s shares occurs on the secondary market and does not involve the Fund directly. Cash trades on the secondary market are unlikely to cause many of the harmful effects of frequent trading. Cash purchases and redemptions of Creation Units can result in disruption of portfolio management, dilution to the Fund and increased transaction costs, all of which could negatively impact the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, and may lead to the realization of capital gains. These consequences may become magnified as the frequency of cash purchases and redemptions of Creation Units by Authorized Participants increases. However, direct trading by Authorized Participants is critical to ensuring that Shares trade at or close to NAV.

To minimize these potential negative consequences, the Fund employs fair valuation pricing and imposes transaction fees on Creation Unit transactions to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, if in the discretion of the Adviser, it is determined to be necessary or appropriate, the Adviser will monitor trades by Authorized Participants for patterns of abusive trading, and in such case, the Fund reserves the right to not accept orders from Authorized Participants that the Adviser has determined may be disruptive to the management of the Fund or otherwise not in the best interests of the Fund.

The Fund does not impose restrictions on, or monitor for, frequent trading activity in the secondary market. In determining not to restrict the frequency of purchases or sales, the Board determined that it is unlikely that (a) market timing would be attempted by the Fund’s shareholders and (b) any attempts to market time by the Fund’s shareholders would result in negative impact to the Fund or its shareholders.

INVESTMENTS BY REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies (and companies relying on Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), including shares of the Fund. However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive rule (Rule 12d1-4), including that any such investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund.

TAX INFORMATION

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment in the Fund may have tax implications. Please consult your tax adviser about the tax consequences of an investment in Fund shares, including the possible application of U.S. federal estate and gift tax and foreign, state, and local tax laws, in light of your unique circumstances. Additional tax information is contained in the SAI, which is incorporated herein and made a part of this Prospectus.

The Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet a number of requirements, including requirements as to the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. If it meets those requirements, as well as certain minimum distribution requirements, the Fund will not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the fund-level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. The Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in U.S. federal income tax imposed on income derived by the Fund and consequently a reduction in cash available for distribution to shareholders.

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Subject to certain reasonable cause and de minimis exceptions, if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC or fails to satisfy the distribution requirement for any taxable year, the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates on its taxable income (even if such income were distributed to its shareholders) and all distributions of its earnings and profits will be taxed to you as dividend income, which, in general and subject to limitations under the Code, under current law will constitute qualified dividend income in the case of individual shareholders and would be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of a corporate shareholder. In such event, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund might be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make certain distributions. This would cause investors to incur higher tax liabilities that they otherwise would have incurred and would have a negative impact on Fund returns. In such event, the Board may determine to reorganize or close the Fund or materially change the Fund’s investment objective and strategies.

Subject to the discussion below in “Tax Information about Investments in Commodities and the Subsidiary,” the Fund intends to treat any income it may derive from the Subsidiary as “qualifying income” for RIC source-of-income purposes. The remainder of this summary assumes that the Fund will qualify as a RIC and meet the minimum distribution requirements.

Unless you make your investment in shares through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences of the Fund making distributions or you selling shares. If you hold your investment in shares through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, you should consult your own tax adviser to determine the tax consequences to you of an investment in the Fund’s shares.

Taxes on Dividends and Distributions

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated such gains, rather than how long you owned your Fund shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of realized net long-term capital gain over realized net short-term capital loss) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to the Fund’s Shareholders as long-term capital gains. For noncorporate shareholders, long-term capital gains are generally subject to tax at reduced maximum rates. Distributions of short-term capital gain will be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to noncorporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding periods and other requirements are met by the Fund and by you. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares, and thereafter, as gain from the sale of shares. A shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares will be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of any distribution treated as a non-taxable return of capital.

In general, distributions are subject to U.S. federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid for your shares).

Distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends or dividends properly reported by us as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends) paid to individual shareholders that are neither citizens nor residents of the United States or to non-U.S. entities (excluding pass-through entities or arrangements) will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies.

The Fund (or financial intermediaries, such as brokers, through which shareholders own Fund shares) generally is required to backup withhold and remit to the U.S. Department of the Treasury a percentage of the distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct U.S. taxpayer identification number, who was notified by the IRS that such shareholder has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that such shareholder is not subject to such withholding.

In addition, withholding under Chapter 4 of the Code (commonly referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,” or “FATCA”) may apply if the foreign intermediary does not enter into an agreement with the Internal Revenue Service regarding reporting and is not located in a jurisdiction that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the United States.

Taxes When Fund Shares are Sold

Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Fund shares is generally treated as a long-term gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Fund shares held for one year or less is generally treated as a short-term gain or loss, except that any capital loss on a sale of shares held for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent that Capital Gain Dividends were paid with respect to such shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited depending on your circumstances.

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Tax Information about Investments in Commodities and the Subsidiary

Income from commodities is generally not qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements, and the IRS issued a revenue ruling indicating that certain direct investments in commodity-linked derivatives would not produce qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. The IRS subsequently issued a revenue ruling and several private letter rulings in which it concluded that certain commodity-linked notes and other commodity-linked derivatives qualifying as securities and certain investments in foreign subsidiaries holding commodity-linked derivatives would produce qualifying income for this purpose. As discussed above, the Fund intends to gain exposure to the commodities market primarily through its investment in the Subsidiary. The Fund expects that the Subsidiary will be treated as a CFC, and that the Fund will be required to include the income of the Subsidiary in its taxable income each taxable year regardless of whether or not the Subsidiary distributes such income. The Code provides that the income inclusion from a CFC will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements if the CFC distributes such income in the same taxable year that such income is includable in the RIC’s taxable income. Recently, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued final regulations consistent with the private letter rulings discussed above, concluding that even if a CFC does not make a current distribution of its income, the income inclusion from a CFC will nonetheless be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements as long as it was derived with respect to the RIC’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As a result, the Fund anticipates that its income inclusion from the Subsidiary will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. This tax treatment may be adversely affected by additional changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from the Subsidiary was treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a RIC, in which case, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Fund level. Should the IRS issue guidance (which could be applied to the Fund retroactively) or Congress enact legislation that adversely affects the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary, it could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy or cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC.

In addition, to maintain its qualification as a RIC, the Fund intends to limit its investment in the Subsidiary so that it does not constitute more than 25% of its total assets as of the end of any quarter. The Fund also intends to limit its investments in other commodity-linked derivatives in an effort to maintain its qualification as a RIC.

Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary are organized or incorporated, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund or its shareholders. For example, Cayman Islands law does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands governmental authority taxes, the Fund’s shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns. There remains a risk that the tax treatment of derivative instruments, such as commodity-linked notes, commodity options, futures, and options on futures, may be affected by future regulatory or legislative changes that could affect the character, timing and/or amount of the Fund’s taxable income or gains and distributions.

The Government of the Cayman Islands will not, under existing legislation, impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax upon the Subsidiary or its shareholder(s). The Cayman Islands are not party to a double tax treaty with any country that is applicable to any payments made to or by the Subsidiary.

Additional Medicare Tax

 

Dividends and distributions from the Fund and capital gain on the sale of Fund shares are generally taken into account in determining a shareholder’s “net investment income” for purposes of the 3.8% Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates, and trusts.

32 

 

Taxes on Creation and Redemption of Creation Units

 

An Authorized Participant that exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the fair market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and any amount of cash received by the Authorized Participant in the exchange and (ii) the sum of the Authorized Participant’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the securities surrendered and any amount of cash paid. An Authorized Participant who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units and (ii) the Authorized Participant’s adjusted tax basis in the Creation Units. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss that is realized by an Authorized Participant upon an exchange of securities for shares cannot be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.

 

Persons exchanging securities or non-U.S. currency for Creation Units should consult their own tax adviser with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES

 

Shares of the Trust are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by NYSE Arca. NYSE Arca has no obligation or liability to owners of Fund shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Fund shares. NYSE Arca is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Fund shares are redeemable. The Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Fund shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The Fund is newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

33 

 

USCF ADVISERS LLC

USCF ETF TRUST

PRIVACY POLICY

 

Effective Date: January 1, 2020

Last Updated: September 16, 2021

 

Introduction

 

This document sets forth the Privacy Policy of USCF Advisers LLC (the “Company”) and the USCF ETF Trust (the “ETF Trust”), and each series of the ETF Trust (individually, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”, as set forth in Appendix A, which may be amended from time to time) relating to the collection, maintenance and use of nonpublic personal information about the Funds’ investors, as required under federal legislation. The Company is an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and a commodity pool operator registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. This Privacy Policy applies to the nonpublic personal information of Fund investors who are individuals and who obtain financial products or services primarily for personal, family or household purposes.

 

Collection of Investor Information

 

In the course of doing business with Fund shareholders, the Company and the Trusts may collect or have access to nonpublic personal information about Fund shareholders. “Nonpublic personal information” is personally identifiable financial information about Fund shareholders. For example, it includes Fund shareholders’ social security numbers, account balances, bank account information and investors’ holdings and transactions in shares of the Funds.

 

The Company and the Trusts may collect this information from the following sources:

 

·Information about shareholder transactions with us and our service providers, or others;
·Information we receive from consumer reporting agencies (including credit bureaus);
·Information we may receive from shareholders.

Disclosure of Nonpublic Personal Information

 

The Company and the Trusts do not sell or rent investor information of the Funds. The Company and the Trusts only disclose nonpublic personal information collected about Fund investors as permitted by law. For example, the Company and the Trusts may disclose nonpublic personal information about Fund investors:

 

·To companies that act as service providers in connection with the administration and servicing of the Funds, which may include attorneys, accountants, auditors and other professionals; maintain shareholder accounts, and in connection with the servicing or processing of transactions of the Trusts or the Funds;
·To government entities, in response to subpoenas, court orders, judicial process or to comply with laws or regulations;
·To protect against fraud, unauthorized transactions (such as money laundering), claims or other liabilities, or to collect unpaid debts; and
·When shareholders direct us to do so or consent to the disclosure, including authorization to disclose such information to persons acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity on behalf of the investor.

 

Fund investors have no right to opt out of the disclosure by the Company or the Trusts of non-public personal information under the circumstances described above.

 

Protection of Investor Information

 

The Company and the Trusts hold Fund investor information in the strictest confidence. Accordingly, the Company’s policy is to require that all employees, financial professionals and companies providing services on its behalf keep client information confidential. In addition, access to nonpublic personal information about shareholders is limited to our employees and in some cases to third parties (for example, the service providers described above) as permitted by law.

34 

 

The Company and the Trusts maintains safeguards that comply with federal standards to protect Fund investor information. The Company restricts access to the personal and account information of investors to those employees who need to know that information in the course of their job responsibilities. Third parties with whom the Company and the Trusts share Fund investor information must agree to follow appropriate standards of security and confidentiality, which includes safeguarding such information physically, electronically and procedurally.

 

The privacy policy of the Company and the Trusts applies to both current and former Fund investors. The Company and the Trusts will only disclose nonpublic personal information about a former Fund investor to the same extent as for a current Fund investor.

 

Your California Privacy Rights

 

If you are a California resident, California law provides you with specific rights regarding your personal information, including the right to request that we disclose certain information to you about the collection and use of your personal information over the past 12 months; the right to request that we delete any of your personal information that we have collected from you, subject to certain exceptions; and the right to opt-out of the “sale” of your personal information, as defined by California law. To make such a request, contact us at 1-800-920-0259 or uscfinvestments.com. Please note that we are only required to respond to two such requests per customer each year.

 

You also have the right not to be discriminated against if you exercise any of your rights under California privacy law.

 

The Company may have collected the following categories of personal information of California residents in the past 12 months:

 

·Identifiers such as a name, Internet Protocol address, email address, or other similar identifiers.
·Categories of personal information described in subdivision (e) of California Civil Code Section 1798.80.
·Commercial information, including records of sales or purchases.
·Internet or other electronic network activity information.
·Geolocation data.
·Professional or employment-related information.

 

Please note that these rights do not apply to personal information collected, processed, sold, or disclosed pursuant to the federal Gramm- Leach-Bliley Act and implementing regulations. Please review the privacy notices in the Appendix below for more information about how we collect, process, sell, and disclose personal information pursuant to these laws and regulations.

 

This information is collected and used for the purposes disclosed in this Privacy Policy. The Company has not sold personal information of California residents in the past 12 months. The Company may have disclosed any of the above categories of personal information pursuant to an individual’s consent or under a written contract with a service provider for a business purpose in the past 12 months.

 

Changes to Privacy Policy

 

The Company and the Trusts may modify or amend this Privacy Policy from time to time. The Company will indicate the date when it was most recently updated and its effective date. If there are changes to the privacy policy in the future, a revised privacy policy with those changes will be communicated through an appropriate channel to Fund investors as long as they continue to be Fund investors.

35 

 

USCF ADVISERS LLC
USCF ETF TRUST
Privacy Notice

FACTS WHAT DO USCF ADVISERS LLC (THE “COMPANY”) AND THE USCF ETF TRUST (THE “ETF TRUST”) DO WITH PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?

The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:

·       Social Security number

·       account balances

·       account transactions

·       transaction history

·       wire transfer instructions

·       checking account information

When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

How? All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons the Company and the ETF Trust choose to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal information Do we share? Can you limit this sharing?

For our everyday business purposes - such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus

Yes No

For our marketing purposes - to offer our products and services to you

No We don’t share
For joint marketing with other financial companies No We don’t share

For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your transactions and experiences

Yes No

For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your creditworthiness

No We don’t share
For our affiliates to market to you No We don’t share
For non-affiliates to market to you No We don’t share
Questions?       Call 1-800-394-5065 or go to www.uscfinvestments.com
       

 

 

USCF ADVISERS LLC
USCF ETF TRUST
Privacy Notice

What we do  
How do the Company and the ETF Trust protect my personal information? To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
How do the Company and the ETF Trust collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

■        open an account

■        provide account information

■        give us your contact information

■        make a wire transfer

■        tell us where to send the money

We also collect your information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

■        sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your creditworthiness

■        affiliates from using your information to market to you

■        sharing for non-affiliates to market to you

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

Definitions  
Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies.

Our affiliates include companies which are subsidiaries of USCF Investments, Inc., such as United States Commodity Funds LLC.

Non-affiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies.

The Company and the ETF Trust do not share with non-affiliates so they can market to you.

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.

The Company and the ETF Trust do not conduct joint marketing.

 

 

USCF ETF Trust

The SAI provides additional detailed information about the Fund. The Trust has electronically filed the SAI with the SEC. It is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.

 

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year, as applicable.

 

To make shareholder inquiries, for more detailed information about the Fund, or to request the SAI or annual or semi-annual shareholder reports, as applicable, free of charge, please:

 

Call:     1-800-920-0259

Monday through Friday

8:30 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. (Eastern Time)

 

Write: USCF ETF Trust

c/o ALPS Distributors, Inc.

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, Colorado 80203 Visit: www.uscfinvestments.com

Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representations about the Fund or its shares not contained in this Prospectus, and you should not rely on any other information. Read and keep this Prospectus for future reference.

 

USCF ETF Trust

1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640 Walnut Creek, CA 94596

 

The Fund is distributed by ALPS Distributors, Inc. 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, Colorado 80203

 

USCF Advisers® is a registered mark of United States Commodity Funds LLC

Investment Company Act File No. 811-22930

 

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT COMPLETE AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DATED JANUARY 10, 2023

Statement of Additional Information

 

USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund

NYSE: ZSC

 

[     ], 2023

 

USCF ETF TRUST

 * Principal U.S. Listing Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc.

 

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectus (the “Prospectus”) for the USCF Sustainable Commodity Strategy Fund (the “Fund”), a series of USCF ETF Trust (the “Trust”). A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained, without charge, by calling 1-800-920-0259 or visiting www.uscfinvestments.com, or writing to the Trust, c/o ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.

 

Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted.

 

No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this SAI and the Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations may not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Trust. This SAI does not constitute an offer to sell securities.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND THE FUND 1
   
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING 1
   
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES 2
   
MANAGEMENT 21
   
PROXY VOTING POLICES 28
   
MANAGEMENT SERVICES 28
   
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS 30
   
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE 31
   
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 32
   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES 33
   
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS 35
   
CONTINUOUS OFFERING 39
   
TAXATION 40
   
OTHER INFORMATION 49

 

 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND THE FUND

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on November 8, 2013, and operates pursuant to an Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated June 16, 2014. The Trust is authorized to have multiple segregated series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Trust currently consists of multiple series and the Fund is a non-diversified series of the Trust. This SAI relates only to the Fund. Other series may be added to the Trust in the future. The shares of the Fund are referred to herein as “shares.” The offering of shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”).

 

The Fund and its wholly-owned Cayman Islands Subsidiary, USCF Cayman Commodity [ ] (the “Subsidiary”) are managed by USCF Advisers LLC (the “Adviser”). The Adviser has been registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) since July 1, 2014, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of USCF Investments, Inc. (formerly Wainwright Holdings, Inc.) (“USCF Investments”). USCF Investments is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Marygold Companies, Inc., (formerly Concierge Technologies, Inc.), a company publicly traded under the ticker symbol “MGLD” (“Marygold”). Mr. Nicholas Gerber, along with certain family members and certain other shareholders, own the majority of the shares in Marygold. USCF Investments continues to operate its business as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Marygold.

 

Shares trade on NYSE Arca, Inc., (the “Listing Exchange”) at market prices that may be below, at, or above the shares’ net asset values (“NAVs”). The Fund’s share price will fluctuate with market, economic and, to the extent applicable, foreign exchange conditions. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program.

The Fund issues and redeems shares at NAV only in large blocks of shares (“Creation Units”), which only certain institutions or large investors (typically, market makers or other broker-dealers) that have entered into an agreement with ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) may purchase or redeem. Such institutions and large investors are referred to herein as “Authorized Participants.” The Fund generally offers, issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for designated amounts of cash.

The Fund has adopted policies and procedures that allow it to utilize custom baskets (the “Custom Basket Procedures”) consistent with the rules under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s Custom Basket Procedures govern the construction and acceptance of baskets, including heightened requirements for certain types of custom baskets, and provide detailed parameters for the construction and acceptance of custom baskets that are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Pursuant to the Custom Basket Procedures, the Fund may, for example, issue and redeem Creation Units partially in-kind. A partially in-kind Creation Unit transaction involves the exchange of a basket of representative or non-representative Fund securities (“Deposit Securities”) and a designated amount of cash for a Creation Unit.

Creation Units are aggregations of stipulated “blocks” of shares, and each block is currently 25,000 shares. In the event of the liquidation of the Fund, the Fund may lower the number of shares in the Fund’s Creation Units.

 

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

 

There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the Listing Exchange’s requirements for listing shares. The Listing Exchange will consider the suspension of trading and delisting of the Fund’s shares if: (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares; (ii) the Fund fails to satisfy applicable continued listing requirements of the Listing Exchange; or (iii) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further trading on the Listing Exchange inadvisable.

 

As in the case of other stocks traded on the Listing Exchange, brokers’ commissions on transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

 

The Fund reserves the right to adjust the price levels of the shares in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund. 

1

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

Investment Objectives

 

The Fund’s investment objective is disclosed in the Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s objective will be achieved. The investment objective of the Fund, and all other investment policies and practices of the Fund, other than the investment restrictions set forth immediately below, are considered by the Fund not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. Additional information about the Fund, its policies, and the investment instruments that it may hold is provided below.

  

Fundamental Investment Policies

 

The investment restrictions set forth below have been adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) as the Fund’s fundamental policies. These policies cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund. For purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund means the lesser of the vote of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.

 

If any percentage restriction described below is complied with at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in the value will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.

 

As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:

 

  A. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by applicable law. To the extent that the Fund borrows money, asset coverage of at least 300% (as defined in the 1940 Act), inclusive of any amounts borrowed, must be maintained at all times.

 

  B. Make loans except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

  C. Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Fund may be considered an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act, in the disposition of restricted securities or in connection with investments in other investment companies.

 

  D. Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although the Fund may purchase and sell securities or other investments that are secured by real estate or invest in securities or other instruments issued by issuers that invest in real estate.

 

  E. Purchase or sell physical commodities except through its wholly-owned subsidiary, and to the maximum extent as permitted by the 1940 Act.

 

  F.

Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief granted by the SEC.

 

  G. Purchase any security if, as a result of that purchase, 25% or more of its total assets would be invested in securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this restriction does not limit the Fund’s investments in (i) securities or other instruments issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, and (ii) securities of other investment companies. When determining compliance with this fundamental policy of the Fund, the Fund will consider the concentration of affiliated and unaffiliated underlying investment companies.

 

2

 

As noted above, the Fund may not make loans except as permitted under the 1940 Act. Operating in compliance with provisions of the 1940 Act, such as Section 17 (Transactions of Certain Affiliated Persons and Underwriters) and Section 18 (Capital Structure) can inhibit the Fund’s ability to make loans.

 

Section 18 of the 1940 Act defines “senior security” and describes asset coverage requirements and permissible classes; such restrictions have been interpreted by the SEC Staff and subsequent rules and regulations have been issued.

 

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS

The Prospectus discloses the principal investment strategies and principal investment risks of the Fund. This section of the SAI provides additional information about the Fund’s investment strategies and its investment risks. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.

Additional Information about Investment Strategies

Commodities Investments. The Fund intends to invest primarily in Commodities Investments, as that term is defined in the Prospectus. Investing in commodities in this manner carries risks. The Fund’s exposure to the commodities markets and derivatives may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of Commodities Investments and other derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, and other risks affecting a particular industry or commodity.

Carbon Offset Investments.  The Fund may invest in carbon credit futures in order to offset the aggregate carbon emissions of the Fund’s Commodities Investments. Carbon credit futures are commodity futures contracts linked to the value of emission allowances or credits. Under certain regulatory regimes, a limit is set by a regulator, such as a government entity, on the total amount of specific greenhouse gases, such as CO2, that can be emitted by regulated entities, such as manufacturers or energy producers. The regulator then may issue or sell individual “emission allowances” to regulated entities, which can then be traded on the open market. The regulator may gradually reduce the market cap on emission allowances, thereby increasing the value of such allowances and forcing regulated entities to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

 

Cayman Islands Subsidiary. Although the Fund may invest its assets directly in Commodities Derivatives, the Fund primarily invests in Commodities Derivatives indirectly by investing up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser and has the same investment objective as the Fund. The assets of the Subsidiary are subject to the same investment restrictions and limitations, and follow the same compliance policies and procedures, as the Fund, except that the Subsidiary may invest without limitation in Commodities Derivatives. The Subsidiary may invest in certain investments that the Fund is restricted or limited from investing in directly. Investing in the Subsidiary will permit the Fund to have greater exposure to commodities markets while maintaining compliance with U.S. federal tax requirements applicable to investment companies under the 1940 Act.

 

The Fund and the Subsidiary are each subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a commodity pool. The Adviser is registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) of the Fund and the Subsidiary under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (“CEA”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and, therefore, is subject to the rules and regulations of the CFTC and the National Futures Association. The Adviser does not currently rely on an exclusion from the definition of CPO in CFTC Rule 4.5 with respect to the Fund.

 

The Subsidiary is not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. However, the Fund will wholly own and control the Subsidiary, and the Fund and the Subsidiary are managed by the Adviser, making it unlikely that the Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders. The Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary and the Fund’s role as sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary follows the same compliance policies and procedures as the Fund. The Fund and the Subsidiary test for compliance with certain investment restrictions and limitations on a consolidated basis. Changes in the laws of the Cayman Islands, under which the Subsidiary is incorporated, could result in the inability of the Fund to effect its desired investment strategy. In addition, changes in the tax laws in either the U.S. or the Cayman Islands might negatively impact the Fund and its investors.

3

 

The Cayman Islands currently does not impose any income, corporate, or capital gains tax, or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If the laws of the Cayman Islands were changed and the Subsidiary were required to pay Cayman Islands taxes, this may impact the Fund’s return based upon the percentage of assets allocated to commodities at that time.

 

To the extent that this SAI references securities, Commodities Investments or other assets in which the Fund may or may not invest, or the Fund’s expectations, risks or obligations with respect to any such investments, the Subsidiary may or may not invest in those same assets and would have the same expectations and would be subject to the same risks and obligations.

Commodity Contracts. The Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts in the form of futures and options, and may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions in compliance with applicable commodities laws. The Fund may also invest in other instruments related to commodities, including structured notes, and securities of commodities finance and operating companies. In the commodity futures market, there are often costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund is invested in futures with respect to that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodities markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Fund. The commodities that underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of the supplies of other materials.

Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, including securities quoted or denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars. Investments in foreign securities may offer potential benefits not available from investments solely in U.S. dollar-denominated or quoted securities of domestic issuers. Such benefits may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Adviser, to offer the potential for better long term growth of capital and income than investments in U.S. securities, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the U.S. and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers also involves, however, certain special risks, including those discussed in the Fund’s Prospectus and those set forth below, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Many of these risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging economies.

With respect to investments in certain foreign countries, there exist certain economic, political and social risks, including the risk of adverse political developments, nationalization, military unrest, social instability, war and terrorism, confiscation without fair compensation, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the movement of funds and other assets between different countries, or diplomatic developments, any of which could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in those countries. Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and dividend payments.

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Investments in foreign securities often involve currencies of foreign countries. Accordingly, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund may be subject to currency exposure independent of its securities positions. To the extent that the Fund is fully invested in foreign securities while also maintaining net currency positions, it may be exposed to greater combined risk.

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent that a portion of the Fund’s total assets, adjusted to reflect the Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries. The Fund’s net currency positions may expose it to risks independent of its securities positions.

Because foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets are less than in the U.S. and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The securities of foreign issuers may be listed on foreign securities exchanges or traded in foreign over-the-counter markets. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed and unlisted companies than in the U.S., and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain foreign laws to insider trading and similar investor protections that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the U.S. Mail service between the U.S. and foreign countries may be slower or less reliable than within the U.S., thus increasing the risk of delayed settlement of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities.

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when some of the Fund’s assets are uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, in possible liability to the purchaser.

As described more fully below, the Fund may invest in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. Political and economic structures in many of such countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of such countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of, or ignored internationally accepted standards of due process against, private companies. In addition, a country may take these and other retaliatory actions against a specific private company, including the Fund or the Adviser. There may not be legal recourse against these actions. In addition, the Fund or the Adviser may determine not to invest in, or may limit its overall investment in, a particular issuer, country or geographic region due to, among other things, heightened risks regarding repatriation restrictions, confiscation of assets and property, expropriation or nationalization. See “Investing in Emerging Countries” below.

Futures and Options on Futures. The Fund may purchase futures and options on futures. A commodities futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and the purchase by the other party of a specified amount of a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural or metal commodity, at a specified price, date, time and place. A foreign currency futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and the purchase by the other party of a certain amount of a specified non-U.S. currency at a specified price, date, time and place. An interest rate futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and the purchase by the other party of a certain amount of a specific interest rate sensitive financial instrument (e.g., a debt security) at a specified price, date, time and place. A futures contract on an index is an agreement to be settled by delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified multiplier times the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day on the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. The clearing house of the exchange on which a futures contract is entered into becomes the counterparty to each purchaser and seller of the futures contract.

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The Fund may purchase and sell futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price upon expiration of, or at any time during the period of, the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.

When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its futures commission merchant (“FCM”) a specified amount of liquid assets (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn taxable interest income on its initial margin deposits.

 

A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price on the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the FCM of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions. The Fund also is required to deposit and to maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option and other futures positions held by the Fund. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying assets, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (involving the same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs also must be included in these calculations. As discussed below, however, the Fund may not always be able to make an offsetting purchase or sale. In the case of a physically settled futures contract, this could result in the Fund being required to deliver, or receive, the underlying physical commodity, which could be adverse to the Fund.

At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may seek to close the position by seeking to take an opposite position, which would operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract. Positions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they were entered into (or through a linked exchange). No secondary market for such contracts exists. Although the Fund may purchase futures contracts only if there is an active market for such contracts, there is no assurance that an active market will exist at any particular time. Most Futures Exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the day. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions at an advantageous price and subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In such event, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Fund had insufficient cash, it might have to sell assets to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, if the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, in such circumstances the Fund may realize a loss on a futures contract or option that is not offset by an increase in the value of the hedged position. Losses incurred in futures transactions and the costs of these transactions will affect the performance of the Fund. When the Fund purchases futures contracts, it will collateralize its position by depositing an amount of cash or liquid securities in an account with the FCM.

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When the Fund invests in Commodities Investments (including swaps), it may be required to segregate cash and/or liquid securities to the extent the Fund’s obligations are not covered or otherwise offset. Generally, if the Fund does not cover its obligations to pay or deliver securities or other assets, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the current amount of the obligation. With respect to investments in futures contracts, the Fund will deposit initial margin and any applicable daily variation margin in addition to segregating cash or liquid securities sufficient to satisfy its obligation to purchase or provide securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the contract’s expiration.

 

Money Market Instruments. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in high-quality money market instruments on an ongoing basis. The instruments in which the Fund may invest include: (1) short-term obligations issued by the U.S. government; (2) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), fixed time deposits and bankers’ acceptances of U.S. and foreign banks and similar institutions; (3) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or “A-1+” or “A-1” by S&P Global, or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; and (4) money market mutual funds. CDs are short-term negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Banker’s acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

Other Investment Companies and Pooled Investment Vehicles. The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including registered investment companies that are ETFs. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in pooled investment vehicles other than registered investment companies. For example, some vehicles which are commonly referred to as “exchange traded funds” may not be registered investment companies because of the nature of their underlying investments. As a stockholder in an investment company or other pooled vehicle, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s or vehicle’s expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the fund’s or vehicle’s advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested.

The 1940 Act limits the extent to which the Fund may invest in other investment companies. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(A), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired fund”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (1) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired fund; (2) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (3) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. The limitations described above do not apply to investments in money market funds subject to certain conditions. The Fund may exceed certain limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) by relying on statutory exemptions, such as Section 12(d)(1)(F) and accompanying Rule 12d1-3, or by complying with Rule 12d1-4. Rule 12d1-4 permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain conditions, including that the funds enter into a fund of funds investment agreement. Under the 1940 Act, private funds relying on Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) are subject to the 3% limitation on investments in registered funds, however, private funds are not permitted to rely on Rule 12d1-4 to invest beyond any of the Section 12(d)(1)(A) limitations that are applicable to them.

Swaps. The Fund may enter into swap agreements and options on swap agreements. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and another party (the swap counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” or value of predetermined underlying reference instruments. The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular investment, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular non-U.S. currency, or a “basket” of securities or investments representing a particular index. Swaps can also be based on credit and other events.

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In a cleared swap, the Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses. When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver initial margin to the central counterparty (via the FCM). During the term of the swap agreement, a variation margin amount may also be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set forth for such accounts. If the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional variation margin payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of the Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional variation margin to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.

In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. The Fund customarily enters into uncleared swaps based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the over-the-counter derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts. In the event that one party to a swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the other. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting or non-defaulting party, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. During the term of an uncleared swap, the Fund is usually required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if the swap were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument. Likewise, the counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.

An option on a swap agreement generally is an over-the-counter option that gives the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, in return for payment of a premium to the seller, to enter into a previously negotiated swap agreement, or to extend, terminate or otherwise modify the terms of an existing swap agreement. The writer (seller) of an option on a swap agreement receives premium payments from the buyer and, in exchange, becomes obligated to enter into or modify an underlying swap agreement upon the exercise of the option by the buyer. When the Fund purchases an option on a swap agreement, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised, plus any related transaction costs.

 

Treasuries. The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. U.S. government securities include U.S. Treasury obligations (“Treasuries”) and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. government, or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. Treasuries are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

Additional Information about Investment Risks

 

Change of Tax Law Risks. Tax laws are subject to change. Any changes in tax laws could impact an investor’s return from the Fund, the ability of the Fund to qualify as a RIC, or the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objectives.

Common Stock Risk. Equity securities are especially susceptible to general market movements and to volatile increases and decreases of value as market confidence in and perceptions of the issuers change. These perceptions are based on unpredictable factors including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. The Adviser cannot predict the direction or scope of any of these factors. Shareholders of common stock have rights to receive payments from the issuers of that common stock, which rights are generally subordinate to those of creditors of, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks of, such issuers.

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Shareholders of common stock of the type held by the Fund have a right to receive dividends only when and if, and in the amounts, declared by the issuer’s board of directors and have a right to participate in amounts available for distribution by the issuer only after all other claims on the issuer have been paid. Common stocks do not represent an obligation of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer any assurance of income or provide the same degree of protection of capital as do debt securities. The issuance of additional debt securities or preferred stock will create prior claims for payment of principal, interest and dividends which could adversely affect the ability and inclination of the issuer to declare or pay dividends on its common stock or the rights of holders of common stock with respect to assets of the issuer upon liquidation or bankruptcy. The value of common stock is subject to market fluctuations for as long as the common stock remains outstanding, and thus the value of the equity securities in the Fund will fluctuate over the life of the Fund and may be more or less than the price at which they were purchased by the Fund. The equity securities held in the Fund may appreciate or depreciate in value (or pay dividends) depending on the full range of economic and market influences affecting these securities, including the impact of the Fund’s purchase and sale of the equity securities and other factors.

Holders of common stock incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the entity, have generally inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors of, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stock issued by, the issuer. Cumulative preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, and any cumulative preferred stock dividend omitted is added to future dividends payable to the holders of cumulative preferred stock. Preferred stockholders are also generally entitled to rights on liquidation, which are senior to those of common stockholders.

COVID-19 Risk. An outbreak of infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19 has resulted in numerous deaths, travel restrictions, closed international borders, enhanced health screenings at ports of entry and elsewhere, disruption of and delays in healthcare service preparation and delivery, prolonged quarantines and the imposition of both local and more widespread “work from home” measures, cancellations, supply chain disruptions, and lower consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The ongoing pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on local economies in the affected jurisdictions and also on the global economy, as cross border commercial activity and market sentiment have been and continue to be impacted by the pandemic and government and other measures seeking to mitigate or contain its spread. The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future, could adversely affect individual issuers and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, actions taken by government and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, may affect the value, volatility, pricing and liquidity of some securities or other assets, including those held by or invested in by the Fund. Public health crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. The duration of COVID-19 related economic disruption and its ultimate impact on the Fund, and on the global economy, cannot be determined with certainty. The COVID-19 pandemic and its effects may last for an extended period of time, and could result in significant and continued market volatility, exchange trading suspensions and closures, declines in global financial markets, higher default rates, and a substantial economic downturn or recession. The foregoing could impair the Fund’s ability to maintain operational standards (such as with respect to satisfying redemption requests), disrupt the operations of the Fund’s service providers, adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, and negatively impact the Fund’s performance and your investment in the Fund. The extent to which COVID-19 will affect the Fund and the Fund’s service providers and portfolio investments will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

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Credit Risk. Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.

When the Fund purchases futures contracts and invests in Commodities Investments, it is exposed to the credit risk that the counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations. The counterparty for a futures contract is the clearinghouse associated with the particular exchange. In general, in addition to margin required to be posted by the clearinghouse in connection with cleared trades, clearinghouses are backed by their members who may be required to share in the financial burden resulting from the nonperformance of one of their members and, therefore, this additional member support should significantly reduce credit risk. Neither the Fund nor the Subsidiary is currently a member of any clearinghouse. Some foreign exchanges are not backed by their clearinghouse members but may be backed by a consortium of banks or other financial institutions. There can be no assurance that any counterparty or clearinghouse, or their members or their financial backers, will satisfy their obligations in such circumstances. The Adviser attempts to manage credit risk by following various trading limitations and policies. In particular, the Fund generally posts margin and/or holds liquid assets that are approximately equal to the market value of its obligations to counterparties under the futures contracts and other Commodities Investments it holds. The Adviser intends to execute and clear trades only with parties perceived to be creditworthy and/or requiring the posting of collateral or margin by such parties to limit credit exposure. Each FCM of the Fund, or any other broker that may be retained by the Fund in the future, when accepting orders to purchase or sell futures contracts on U.S. exchanges on behalf of the Fund, is required by CFTC regulations to separately account for and segregate as belonging to the Fund all assets of such entity relating to its domestic futures contracts trading. These FCMs are not allowed to commingle assets of the Fund with the FCM’s other assets. In addition, the CFTC requires commodity brokers to hold in a secure account the assets of the Fund related to foreign futures contracts trading.

Currency Risk. Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make investments traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the U.S. The Adviser attempts to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in investments denominated in a particular foreign currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.

Investing in currencies or investments denominated in a foreign currency entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law.

Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks.

Cybersecurity Risk. The Trust and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity. A breach in cybersecurity refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause the Trust to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, or lose operational capacity. Breaches in cybersecurity include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber-attacks. Cybersecurity breaches affecting the Trust or its service providers may adversely impact the Trust. For instance, cybersecurity breaches may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Trust to regulatory fines or financial losses, and/or cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cybersecurity risk management purposes. Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investments to lose value.

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Depositary Receipts Risk. Depositary Receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs, are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. European Depositary Receipts, or EDRs, are receipts issued by a European bank or trust company evidencing ownership of securities issued by a foreign corporation. Global Depositary Receipts, or GDRs, are receipts issued throughout the world that evidence a similar arrangement. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may trade in foreign currencies that differ from the currency the underlying security for each ADR, EDR or GDR principally trades in. Global shares are the actual (ordinary) shares of a non-U.S. company which trade both in the home market and the U.S. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. EDRs, in registered form, are used to access European markets. GDRs, in registered form, are tradable both in the U.S. and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. Global shares are represented by the same share certificate in the U.S. and the home market, and separate registrars in the U.S. and the home country are maintained. In most cases, purchases occurring on a U.S. exchange would be reflected on the U.S. registrar. Global shares may also be eligible to list on exchanges in addition to the U.S. and the home country. The Fund may hold unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the U.S.; therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.

European Related Risk. A number of countries in the European Union (EU) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties. Additional EU member countries may also fall subject to such difficulties. These events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments in euro-denominated securities, securities of issuers located in the EU or with significant exposure to EU issuers or countries. If the euro is dissolved entirely, the legal and contractual consequences for holders of euro-denominated obligations would be determined by laws in effect at such time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law. These potential developments, or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could adversely affect the value of the shares.

In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, could be significant and far-reaching. Specifically, the United Kingdom recently left the EU. The impact that this withdrawal will have on the British economy and political situation and the economies and political situations of other EU countries is unknown at this time.

 

Futures Contracts and Position Limits Risk. Certain futures exchanges have established accountability levels and position limits on the maximum net long or net short futures contracts in commodities that any person or group of persons under common trading control (other than as a hedge, which is not applicable to the investments of the Fund or its Subsidiary) may hold, own or control. These levels and position limits apply to the futures contracts that the Fund or the Subsidiary invests in to meet its investment objective. In addition to accountability levels and position limits, certain futures exchanges also set daily price fluctuation limits on futures contracts. The daily price fluctuation limit established the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once that daily price fluctuation limit has been reached in a particular futures contract, no trades may be made at a price beyond that limit.

Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates may adversely affect the price of the securities held by the Fund. During periods of declining interest rates, the market price of debt securities generally rises, and the market price of equity securities that pay significant dividends or other income to holders may be similarly affected. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market price of such debt securities generally declines with the market price of equity securities that pay significant dividends or other income again similarly affected. Rising interest rates could increase the costs of capital thereby increasing operating costs and reducing the ability of issuers, to carry out acquisitions or expansions in a cost-effective manner. As a result, rising interest rates could negatively affect the financial performance of such issuers. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates as the Federal Reserve continues to increase interest rates after a period of historically low rates.

Interest rate changes have a greater effect on the price of fixed-income securities with longer durations. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security to changes in interest rates.

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Investing in Emerging Countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are less liquid and subject to greater price volatility, and have a smaller market capitalization, than securities traded in the U.S. markets. In certain countries, there may be fewer publicly traded securities and the market may be dominated by a few issuers or sectors. Issuers and securities markets in such countries are not subject to as stringent, extensive and frequent accounting, auditing, financial and other reporting requirements or as comprehensive government regulations as are issuers and securities markets in the U.S., and the degree of cooperation between issuers in emerging and frontier market countries with foreign and U.S. financial regulators may vary significantly. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of emerging country issuers may not reflect their financial position or results of operations in the same manner as financial statements for U.S. issuers. Substantially less information may be publicly available about emerging country issuers than is available about issuers in the U.S. In addition, U.S. regulators may not have sufficient access to adequately audit and oversee issuers. For example, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is responsible for inspecting and auditing the accounting practices and products of U.S.-listed companies, regardless of the issuer’s domicile. However, certain emerging market countries, including China, do not provide sufficient access to the PCAOB to conduct its inspections and audits. As a result, U.S. investors, including the Fund, may be subject to risks associated with less stringent accounting oversight.

 

Emerging country securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. The markets for securities in certain emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect the Fund’s ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests. In addition, emerging market countries are often characterized by limited reliable access to capital.

 

With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, antiquated legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

 

Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups, in emerging countries may be higher than in the U.S. and other developed securities markets. In addition, existing laws and regulations are often inconsistently applied. As legal systems in emerging countries develop, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In circumstances where adequate laws exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law.

 

Custodial and/or settlement systems in emerging and frontier market countries may not be fully developed. To the extent the Fund invests in emerging markets, Fund assets that are traded in such markets and which have been entrusted to such sub-custodians in those markets may be exposed to risks for which the sub-custodian will have no liability.

 

Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit the Fund’s investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer’s outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.

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The repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales from emerging countries may be subject to restrictions which require governmental consents or prohibit repatriation entirely for a period of time, which may make it difficult for the Fund to invest in such emerging countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for such repatriation. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operation of the Fund. The Fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before investing in certain emerging countries.

 

Emerging countries may be subject to a substantially greater degree of economic, political and social instability and disruption than is the case in the U.S., Japan and most Western European countries. This instability may result from, among other things, the following: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision making, including changes or attempted changes in governments through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic or social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection or conflict; and (vi) the absence of developed legal structures governing foreign private investments and private property. Such economic, political and social instability could disrupt the principal financial markets in which the Fund may invest and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s assets. The Fund’s investments can also be adversely affected by any increase in taxes or by political, economic or diplomatic developments.

 

The economies of emerging countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, self-sufficiency and balance of payments. Many emerging countries have experienced in the past, and continue to experience, high rates of inflation. In certain countries inflation has at times accelerated rapidly to hyperinflationary levels, creating a negative interest rate environment and sharply eroding the value of outstanding financial assets in those countries. Other emerging countries, on the other hand, have recently experienced deflationary pressures and are in economic recessions. The economies of many emerging countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners. In addition, the economies of some emerging countries are vulnerable to weakness in world prices for their commodity exports.

 

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund remain uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases or sales due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

Lending of Portfolio Securities. The Fund may lend portfolio securities constituting up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (as permitted by the 1940 Act) to unaffiliated broker-dealers, banks, or other recognized institutional borrowers of securities, provided that the borrower at all times maintains with the Fund cash, U.S. government securities, or equivalent collateral or provides an irrevocable letter of credit in favor of the Fund equal in value to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned. During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund an amount equivalent to any dividends or interest paid on such securities, and the Fund may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income (to be retained by the Fund) from a borrower who delivered equivalent collateral or provided a letter of credit. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may invest any cash collateral and earn additional income, or it may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income from the borrower who has delivered equivalent collateral or a letter of credit. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the income earned on the cash to the borrower or placing broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but could terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered important with respect to the investment.

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The primary risk in securities lending is a default by the borrower during a sharp rise in the price of the borrowed security resulting in a deficiency in the collateral posted by the borrower. The Fund will seek to minimize this risk by requiring that the value of the securities loaned be computed each day and additional collateral be furnished each day if required.

The Fund has not commenced operations, and as such does not have any securities lending activity to report as of the date of this SAI.

Industry Specific Risk. Metals companies are subject to risks that are specific to the industry they serve.

·The exploration and development of metals involves significant financial risks over a significant period of time, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. Few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenditures may be required to establish reserves by drilling and to construct mining and processing facilities at a site. In addition, metal exploration companies typically operate at a loss and are dependent on securing equity and/or debt financing, which might be more difficult to secure for an exploration company than for a more established counterpart.
·Investments in metals and mining companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and as a result, the Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, trade treaties, and government regulation and intervention, and events in the regions that the companies to which the Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property, the imposition of restrictions on non-U.S. investments or repatriation of capital, military coups, social or political unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry.
·Rare earth metals have more specialized uses and are often more difficult to extract. The use of strategic metals in modern technology has increased dramatically over the past years. Consequently, the demand for these metals has strained supply, which has the potential to result in a shortage of such materials which could adversely affect the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals tend to be small-, medium- and micro-capitalization companies with volatile share prices, are highly dependent on the price of rare earth metals, which may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time. The value of such companies may be significantly affected by events relating to international, national and local political and economic developments, energy conservation efforts, the success of exploration projects, commodity prices, tax and other government regulations, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. The mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals can be capital intensive and, if companies involved in such activities are not managed well, the share prices of such companies could decline even as prices for the underlying rare earth metals are rising. In addition, companies involved in the various activities that are related to the mining, refining and/or manufacturing of rare earth metals may be at risk for environmental damage claims.

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·The mining, refining and/or manufacturing of metals may be significantly affected by regulatory action and changes in governments. For example, China, which produces approximately 80% of the world’s rare earth supplies, has ended its former export quota for rare earth metals following a World Trade Organization ruling. Future moves by China or other countries essential to the producing, refining or recycling of rare earth metals to limit exports could have a significant adverse effect on industries around the globe and on the values of the businesses in which the Fund invests. Moreover, while it is expected that China will consume a large percentage of the rare earth metals produced within the country to support its growing economy, China has shown a willingness to flood the market for rare earth metals thereby causing many companies to shut down.
·The agricultural sector is subject to government subsidy policies and environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Specific governmental policies, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies and import and export restrictions on agricultural commodities and commodity products, can influence the profitability of investing in agriculture. Import restrictions and tariffs that have recently been imposed by foreign countries on U.S. agricultural products are expected to negatively impact the profitability of investing in these products. The agricultural sector may also be adversely affected by changes in commercial and consumer demand for certain products. A growing competitive landscape and increased availability of such commodities can influence: (i) the planting and production of certain crops versus other uses of resources; (ii) the location and size of crop production; (iii) whether unprocessed or processed commodity products are traded; and (iv) the volume and types of imports and exports. Economic recession or labor difficulties may also lead to a decrease in demand for the products and services involved in agriculture. As a result, the price of agricultural commodities could decline, which would affect the performance of the Fund. The agricultural sector is also particularly sensitive to changing weather conditions, such as floods or droughts, natural disasters and other factors, such as disease outbreaks and pollution.

Investing in Frontier Countries. In addition to the risks listed under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries,” investments in frontier countries present additional risks. Frontier market countries are generally considered to be more developed than the least developed countries but are smaller, less liquid and more risky than emerging market countries. Frontier market countries typically have less accessible capital markets than emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries may be magnified in frontier market countries. Frontier markets include, but are not limited to, countries such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, Morocco, Nigeria and Romania. Frontier markets may be more likely to experience inflation risk, political turmoil and rapid changes in economic conditions than emerging markets. Investments in frontier markets may also be subject to a greater risk of loss than investments in emerging markets. Frontier markets may have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation, government ownership or control of parts of the private sector and of certain companies, and greater risks associated with the custody of securities. Economic, political, liquidity and currency risks may be more pronounced with respect to investments in frontier markets than in emerging markets. In addition, investing in frontier markets includes the risk of share blocking. Share blocking refers to a practice where voting rights related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level, for a period of time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of prohibiting securities from being voted, or from trading within a specified number of days before, and in certain instances, after the shareholder meeting. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The specific practices may vary by market and the blocking period can last from one day to several weeks, typically terminating on a date established at the discretion of the issuer. Once blocked, the only manner in which to remove the block would be to withdraw a previously cast vote, or to abstain from voting all together. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be very difficult with the particular requirements varying widely by country. Additionally, in certain countries, the block cannot be removed.

Investing in Greater China. Investing in Greater China (Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or securities markets. Such risks may include: (a) greater social, economic and political uncertainty (including the risk of armed conflict); (b) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (c) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (d) the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers by the U.S. or foreign governments on exports from Mainland China; (e) increasing competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies; (f) greater price volatility and smaller market capitalization of securities markets; (g) decreased liquidity, particularly of certain share classes of Chinese securities; (h) currency exchange rate fluctuations (with respect to investments in Mainland China and Taiwan) and the lack of available currency hedging instruments; (i) higher rates of inflation; (j) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (k) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (l) uncertainty regarding the People’s Republic of China’s commitment to economic reforms; (m) the fact that Chinese companies may be smaller, less seasoned and newly-organized companies; (n) the differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; (o) the fact that statistical information regarding the economy of Greater China may be inaccurate or not comparable to statistical information regarding the U.S. or other economies; (p) less extensive, and still developing, legal systems and regulatory frameworks regarding the securities markets, business entities and commercial transactions; (q) the fact that the settlement period of securities transactions in foreign markets may be longer; (r) the fact that it may be more difficult, or impossible, to obtain and/or enforce a judgment than in other countries; and (s) the rapid and erratic nature of growth, particularly in the People’s Republic of China, resulting in inefficiencies and dislocations.

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Mainland China. Investments in Mainland China are subject to the risks associated with greater governmental control over the economy, political and legal uncertainties and currency fluctuations or blockage. In particular, the Chinese Communist Party exercises significant control over economic growth in Mainland China through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

Because the local legal system is still developing, it may be more difficult to obtain or enforce judgments with respect to investments in Mainland China. Chinese companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about Chinese companies than about most U.S. companies. Government supervision and regulation of Chinese stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be more or less rigorous than that present in the U.S. The procedures and rules governing transactions and custody in Mainland China also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. The imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers by the U.S. or other foreign governments on exports from Mainland China may also have an adverse impact on Chinese issuers and China’s economy as a whole.

Foreign investments in Mainland China are somewhat restricted. Securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges are divided into two classes of shares: A shares and B shares. Ownership of A shares is restricted to Chinese investors, Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (“QFIIs”) who have obtained a QFII license, and participants in the Shanghai-Hong Kong and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect programs (“Stock Connect”). B shares may be owned by Chinese and foreign investors. The Fund may obtain exposure to the A share market in the People’s Republic of China by either investing directly in A shares through participation in Stock Connect, or by investing in participatory notes issued by banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions, or other structured or derivative instruments that are designed to replicate, or otherwise provide exposure to, the performance of A shares of Chinese companies. The Fund may also invest directly in B shares on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges.

As a result of investing in the People’s Republic of China, the Fund may be subject to withholding and various other taxes imposed by the People’s Republic of China. To date, a 10% withholding tax has been levied on cash dividends, distributions and interest payments from companies listed in the People’s Republic of China to foreign investors, unless the withholding tax can be reduced by an applicable income tax treaty.

As of November 17, 2014, foreign mutual funds, which qualify as QFIIs and/or RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (“RQFIIs”), are temporarily exempt from enterprise income tax on capital gains arising from securities trading in the People’s Republic of China. It is currently unclear when this preferential treatment would end. If the preferential treatment were to end, such capital gains would be subject to a 10% withholding tax in the People’s Republic of China. Meanwhile, the purchase and sale of publicly traded equities by a QFII/RQFII is exempt from value-added tax in the People’s Republic of China.

The tax law and regulations of the People’s Republic of China are constantly changing, and they may be changed with retrospective effect to the advantage or disadvantage of shareholders. The interpretation and applicability of the tax law and regulations by tax authorities may not be as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary from region to region. It should also be noted that any provision for taxation made by the Adviser may be excessive or inadequate to meet final tax liabilities. Consequently, shareholders may be advantaged or disadvantaged depending upon the final tax liabilities, the level of provision and when they subscribed and/or redeemed their shares of the Fund.

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Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. Since Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, it has been governed by the Basic Law, a “quasi-constitution.” The Basic Law guarantees a high degree of autonomy in certain matters, including economic matters, until 2047. Attempts by the government of the People’s Republic of China to exert greater control over Hong Kong’s economic, political or legal structures or its existing social policy, could negatively affect investor confidence in Hong Kong, which in turn could negatively affect markets and business performance.

In addition, the Hong Kong dollar trades within a fixed trading band rate to (or is “pegged” to) the U.S. dollar. This fixed exchange rate has contributed to the growth and stability of the economy, but could be discontinued. It is uncertain what effect any discontinuance of the currency peg and the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system would have on the Hong Kong economy.

Taiwan. The prospect of political reunification of the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan has engendered hostility between the two regions’ governments. This situation poses a significant threat to Taiwan’s economy, as heightened conflict could potentially lead to distortions in Taiwan’s capital accounts and have an adverse impact on the value of investments throughout Greater China.

Investing through Stock Connect. The Fund may invest in eligible securities (“Stock Connect Securities”) listed and traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges through the Shanghai–Hong Kong and Shenzhen–Hong Kong Stock Connect (“Stock Connect”) program. Stock Connect is a mutual market access program that allows Chinese investors to trade Stock Connect Securities listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange via Chinese brokers and non-Chinese investors (such as the Fund) to purchase certain Shanghai and Shenzhen-listed equities (“China A-Shares”) via brokers in Hong Kong. Although Stock Connect allows non-Chinese investors to trade Chinese equities without obtaining a special license (in contrast to earlier direct investment programs), purchases of securities through Stock Connect are subject to market-wide trading volume and market cap quota limitations, which may prevent the Fund from purchasing Stock Connect securities when it is otherwise desirable to do so. Additionally, restrictions on the timing of permitted trading activity in Stock Connect Securities, including the imposition of local holidays in either Hong Kong or China and restrictions on purchasing and selling the same security on the same day, may subject the Fund’s Stock Connect Securities to price fluctuations at times where it is unable to add to or exit its position.

The eligibility of China A-shares to be accessed through Stock Connect is subject to change by Chinese regulators. Only certain securities are accessible through Stock Connect and such eligibility may be revoked at any time, resulting in the Fund’s inability to add to (but not subtract from) any existing positions in Stock Connect Securities. There can be no assurance that further regulations will not affect the availability of securities in the program or impose other limitations.

Because Stock Connect is relatively new, its effects on the market for trading China A-shares are uncertain. In addition, the trading, settlement and information technology systems used to operate Stock Connect are relatively new and are continuing to evolve. In the event that these systems do not function properly, trading through Stock Connect could be disrupted.

Stock Connect is subject to regulation by both Hong Kong and China. Regulators in both jurisdictions may suspend or terminate Stock Connect trading in certain circumstances. In addition, Chinese regulators have previously suspended trading in Chinese issuers (or permitted such issuers to suspend trading) during market disruptions and may do so again in the event of future disruptions and/or various company-specific events. Such suspensions may be widespread and may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to trade Stock Connect Securities during periods of heightened market volatility. There can be no assurance that any such suspensions or terminations will not be exercised against certain market participants.

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Stock Connect transactions are not subject to the investor protection programs of the Hong Kong, Shanghai or Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, though established Hong Kong law may provide other remedies as to any default by a Hong Kong broker. In China, Stock Connect Securities are held on behalf of ultimate investors (such as the Fund) by the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (“HKSCC”) as nominee. Although Chinese regulators have affirmed that ultimate investors hold a beneficial interest in Stock Connect Securities, the legal mechanisms available to beneficial owners for enforcing their rights are untested and therefore may expose ultimate investors to risks. Further, Chinese law surrounding the rights of beneficial owners of securities is relatively underdeveloped and courts in China have relatively limited experience in applying the concept of beneficial ownership. As the law continues to evolve, there is a risk that the Fund’s ability to enforce its ownership rights may be uncertain, which could subject the Fund to significant losses.

The Fund may be unable to participate in corporate actions affecting Stock Connect Securities due to time constraints or for other operational reasons. In addition, the Fund will not be able to vote in shareholders’ meetings except through HKSCC and will not be able to attend shareholders’ meetings.

Trades in Stock Connect Securities are subject to certain pre-trade requirements and checks designed to confirm that, for purchases, there is sufficient Stock Connect quota to complete the purchase, and, for sales, the seller has sufficient Stock Connect Securities to complete the sale. Investment quota limitations are subject to change. In addition, these pre-trade requirements may, in practice, limit the number of brokers that the Fund may use to execute trades. While the Fund may use special segregated accounts in lieu of pre-trade requirements and checks, some market participants in Stock Connect Securities, either in China or others investing through Stock Connect or other foreign direct investment programs, have yet to fully implement information technology systems necessary to complete trades involving shares in such accounts in a timely manner. Market practice with respect to special segregated accounts is continuing to evolve.

The Fund will not be able to buy or sell Stock Connect Securities when either the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed for trading, and the Chinese and/or Hong Kong markets may be closed for trading for extended periods of time because of local holidays. When the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are not both open on the same day, the Fund may be unable to buy or sell a Stock Connect Security at the desired time. Stock Connect trades are settled in Renminbi (RMB), the official Chinese currency, and investors must have timely access to a reliable supply of RMB in Hong Kong, which cannot be guaranteed.

The Fund and the Adviser (on behalf of itself and its other clients) will also be subject to restrictions on trading (including restriction on retention of proceeds) in China A-shares as a result of their interest in China A-shares and are responsible for compliance with all notifications, reporting and other applicable requirements in connection with such interests. For example, under current Chinese law, once an investor (and, potentially, related investors) holds up to 5% of the shares of a Chinese-listed company, the investor is required to disclose its interest within three days in accordance with applicable regulations and during the reporting period it cannot trade the shares of that company. The investor is also required to disclose any change in its holdings and comply with applicable trading restrictions in accordance with Chinese law.

Trades in Stock Connect Securities may also be subject to various fees, taxes and market charges imposed by Chinese market participants and regulatory authorities. These fees may result in greater trading expenses, which could be borne by the Fund.

VIE Structures. Mainland Chinese operating companies sometimes rely on variable interest entity (“VIE”) structures to raise capital from non-Chinese investors. In a VIE structure, a Mainland China-based operating company establishes an entity (typically offshore) that enters into service and other contracts with the Mainland Chinese company designed to provide economic exposure to the company. The offshore entity then issues exchange-traded shares that are sold to the public, including non-Chinese investors (such as the Fund). Shares of the offshore entity are not equity ownership interests in the Mainland Chinese operating company and therefore the ability of the offshore entity to control the activities at the Mainland Chinese company are limited and the Mainland Chinese company may engage in activities that negatively impact investment value. The VIE structure is designed to provide the offshore entity (and in turn, investors in the entity) with economic exposure to the Mainland Chinese company that replicates equity ownership, without actual equity ownership. VIE structures are used due to Mainland Chinese government prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies in certain industries and it is not clear that the contracts are enforceable or that the structures will otherwise work as intended.

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Although VIEs have been a long-standing industry practice to gain efficient, tradeable shares that are economically tied to operating companies in Mainland China that do not permit direct investment for foreign investors, China has never formally recognized the VIE structure. Intervention by the Mainland Chinese government with respect to VIE structures could adversely affect the Mainland Chinese operating company’s performance, the enforceability of the offshore entity’s contractual arrangements with the Mainland Chinese company and the value of the offshore entity’s shares. Further, if the Mainland Chinese government determines that the agreements establishing the VIE structure do not comply with Mainland Chinese law and regulations, including those related to prohibitions on foreign ownership, the Mainland Chinese government could subject the Mainland Chinese company to penalties, revocation of business and operating licenses or forfeiture of ownership interests. The offshore entity’s control over the Mainland Chinese company may also be jeopardized if certain legal formalities are not observed in connection with the agreements, if the agreements are breached or if the agreements are otherwise determined not to be enforceable. If any of the foregoing were to occur, the market value of a Fund’s associated portfolio holdings would likely fall, causing substantial investment losses for the Fund.

Recently, the government of China proposed draft regulations that would apply to Mainland China-based companies raising capital offshore, including through VIE structures. These regulations have not been adopted, but would impose filing and disclosure obligations upon covered companies. It is unclear whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their implicit acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what impact they would have on the interests of foreign shareholders. There can be no guarantee about future actions by China’s government that could adversely affect a VIE’s financial performance and the enforceability of the VIE’s contractual arrangements with operating companies.

Liquidity Risk. Trading opportunities are more limited for investments that are not widely held. This may make it more difficult to sell or buy an investment at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell an investment, sell other investments to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of investments may also lead to an increase in their price volatility.

Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell an investment at a desired time or price. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the investment or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.

 

Futures positions cannot always be liquidated at the desired price. It is difficult to execute a trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in a market. A market disruption, including a pandemic such as COVID-19, or a foreign government taking political actions that disrupt the market for its currency, its crude oil production or exports, or another major export, can also make it difficult to liquidate a position. Because Commodities Investments, including futures contracts, options and cleared and uncleared swaps, may be illiquid, the Fund’s investments in Commodities Investments may be more difficult to liquidate at favorable prices in periods of illiquid markets and losses may be incurred during the period in which positions are being liquidated. The large size of the positions that the Fund may acquire increases the risk of illiquidity both by making its positions more difficult to liquidate and by potentially increasing losses while trying to do so.

Over-the-counter swap contracts that are not subject to clearing may be even less marketable than futures contracts because they are not traded on an exchange, do not have uniform terms and conditions, and are entered into based upon the creditworthiness of the parties and the availability of credit support, such as collateral, and in general, they are not transferable without the consent of the counterparty. These conditions make such contracts less liquid than standardized futures contracts traded on a commodities exchange and could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to realize the full value of such contracts. In addition, even if collateral is used to reduce counterparty credit risk, sudden changes in the value of over-the-counter swap contracts may leave a party open to financial risk due to a counterparty default since the collateral held may not cover a party’s exposure on the transaction in such situations.

Non-Diversified Status. The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in one or more issuers or in fewer issuers than diversified funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments. Because the Fund is “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act, it is subject only to certain federal tax diversification requirements. Pursuant to such requirements, the Fund must diversify its holdings so that, in general, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the fair market value of the Fund’s total (gross) assets is comprised of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total (gross) assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government Securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), two or more issuers controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or certain publicly traded partnerships.

19

 

Prepayment and Call Risk. Debt securities, especially debt securities that are subject to “calls,” are subject to prepayment risk if their terms allow the payment of principal and other amounts due before their stated maturity. Amounts invested in a debt security that has been “called” or “prepaid” will be returned to an investor holding that security before expected by the investor. In such circumstances, the investor, such as the Fund, may be required to re-invest the proceeds it receives from the called or prepaid security in a new security which, in periods of declining interest rates, will typically have a lower interest rate. Prepayment risk is especially prevalent in periods of declining interest rates and will result for other reasons. Securities subject to prepayment risk are often called during a declining interest rate environment and generally offer less potential for gains and greater price volatility than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity. Call risk is similar to prepayment risk and results from the ability of an issuer to call, or prepay, a debt security early. If interest rates decline enough, the debt security’s issuer can save money by repaying its callable debt securities and issuing new debt securities at lower interest rates.

 

RIC Qualification Risk. The Fund intends to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and to qualify each taxable for taxation as a RIC. To qualify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund must be certain source-of-income, asset-diversification, and minimum distributions requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as RIC, it could significantly reduce the amounts available for distribution from the Fund.

 

Short Selling Risk. A short sale by the Fund involves borrowing investments from a lender which are then sold in the open market. At a future date, the investments are repurchased by the Fund and returned to the lender. While the investments are borrowed, the proceeds from the sale are deposited with the lender and the Fund pays interest to the lender. If the value of the investments declines between the time that the Fund borrows the investments and the time it repurchases and returns the investments to the lender, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any interest the Fund is required to pay the lender). Short selling involves risk. There is no assurance that investments will decline in value during the period of the short sale and make a profit for the Fund. Investments sold short may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. The Fund also may experience difficulties repurchasing and returning the borrowed investments if a liquid market for the securities does not exist. The lender may also recall borrowed investments at any time. The lender from whom the Fund has borrowed securities may go bankrupt and the Fund may lose the collateral it has deposited with the lender. The Fund will adhere to controls and limits that are intended to offset these risks by short selling only liquid securities and by limiting the amount of exposure for short sales. 

 

RIC Qualification Risk. The Fund intends to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and intends to qualify for taxation as a RIC. To qualify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund must be certain source-of-income, asset-diversification, and minimum distributions requirements. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, it could significantly reduce the amounts available for distribution from the Fund.

Change of Tax Law Risks. Tax laws are subject to change. Any changes in tax laws could impact an investor’s return from the Fund, the ability of the Fund to qualify as a RIC, or the ability of the Fund to meet its investment objectives.

20

 

MANAGEMENT

Board Responsibilities

 

The business of the Trust and each of its series is overseen by the Board in accordance with the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. The Board has considered and approved contracts, as described herein, under which certain companies provide essential management and administrative services to the Fund. The day-to-day business of the Fund, including the day-to-day management of risk, is performed by the service providers of the Fund such as the Adviser, the Distributor, and BNY Mellon. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Fund’s service providers and, therefore, has oversight responsibility with respect to the risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and eliminate or mitigate the potential effects of risks such as events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance, or reputation of the Trust or the Fund. The Board’s role in risk management oversight begins prior to the launch of a new series of the Trust, when the Board is first presented with information concerning the investment objective, strategies, and risks of the fund, and information about the fund’s adviser and/or sub-adviser, including investment philosophy, brokerage practices, and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board oversees the risk management of the fund, in part, by requesting and reviewing periodic reports from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer and the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust, and communicating with the fund’s service providers.

 

The Board and, with respect to identified risks that relate to its scope of expertise, the Audit Committee of the Board, oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage the risks to which the Fund may be exposed. Under the overall supervision of the Board and the Audit Committee (discussed in more detail below), the Fund’s service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures, and controls to identify risks relevant to the operations of the Fund to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Fund’s business and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that activity.

 

The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Adviser, and the Board receives information about those services at its meetings. In addition, on at least an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Advisory Agreement and Subsidiary Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, the Board receives detailed information from the Adviser. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser’s adherence, as applicable, to the Fund’s investment restrictions and compliance with various policies and procedures of the Trust and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Fund’s performance history and investments.

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer meets regularly with the Board to review and discuss compliance and other issues. At least annually, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and material compliance matters since the date of the last report.

 

The Board receives reports from the Trust’s service providers regarding operational risks, portfolio valuation, and other matters. Annually, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm reviews its audit of the financial statements of the Fund with the Audit Committee, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Trust and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Trust’s internal controls.

 

The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures, and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, despite the periodic reports that the Board receives, and the Board’s discussions with the service providers to the Trust, the Board may not be made aware of all the relevant information of a particular risk. Most of the Trust’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management, but whose policies and methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Trust’s and each other’s, including with respect to priorities, allocation of resources, and effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.

21

 

Members of the Board and Officers of the Trust

 

Set forth below is the name, date of birth, position with the Trust, term of office, principal occupations and other directorships for a minimum of the last five years of each person currently serving as a member of the Board or as an executive officer of the Trust. The members of the Board serve as Trustees for the life of the Trust or until retirement, removal, or their office is terminated pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust.

 

The Board is currently comprised of seven Trustees, four of whom are “Independent Trustees” (as described below). The Chairman of the Board, Nicholas D. Gerber, and Messrs. Andrew F. Ngim and Stuart P. Crumbaugh are “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, because of their affiliation with the Adviser. They are referred to herein as “Interested Trustees.” The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as liaison between the Trustees and the Adviser, counsel, and other service providers generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time.

 

Messrs. Thomas E. Gard, Jeremy Henderson, John D. Schwartz, and H. Abram Wilson, and their immediate family members, have no affiliation or business connection with the Adviser, any of the Trust’s sub-advisers, the Distributor, or any of their affiliated persons, and do not own any stock or other securities issued by the Adviser, any of the Trust’s sub-advisers, or the Distributor. These Trustees are not interested persons of the Trust and are referred to herein as “Independent Trustees.” Mr. Henderson serves as the lead Independent Trustee. The lead Independent Trustee’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Independent Trustees and to act as liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Adviser, counsel, and other service providers generally between meetings. The lead Independent Trustee may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time.

 

The Board has two standing committees, an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee, each of which is chaired by an Independent Trustee and comprised solely of Independent Trustees. The chair for each Committee is responsible for running the Committee meetings, formulating agendas for those meetings, and coordinating with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of the responsibilities of such Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter.

The Board has determined that the foregoing leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust and the Fund. The Board made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees constitute a majority of the Board, the assets under management of the Trust, the number of portfolios overseen by the Board, and the total number of Trustees on the Board.

22

 

Independent Trustees

 

Name and
Age(1)
  Position(s)
Held with
Trust
  Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served(2)
  Principal
Occupation(s)
During
Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
  Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
(Past 5 Years)
Thomas E. Gard
Year of Birth: 1959
  Independent Trustee   Since 2015   Partner of Armanino LLP from 1995 - 2019; Member of Armanino Executive Committee from 2001 - 2015; and Partner in Charge of Armanino LLP Audit Department from 2004 - 2013. Mr. Gard has been retired from 2019 - present.   [   ]   None
                     
Jeremy Henderson
Year of Birth: 1956
  Independent Trustee   Since 2014   Chief Operating Officer, North Island LLC from 2017 - present; Retired from 2007 - 2017; Managing Director of Societe Generale from 1991 - 2007.   [   ]   None
                     
John D. Schwartz
Year of Birth: 1968
  Independent Trustee   Since 2014   President of Sam CLAR Office Furniture from 1996 - present.   [   ]   None
                     
H. Abram Wilson
Year of Birth: 1946
  Independent Trustee   Since 2014   San Ramon City, CA Council member from 1999 - 2011, including Mayor of San Ramon City, CA from 2002 - 2009. Mr. Wilson has been retired from 2011 – present.   [   ]   None

23

 

Interested Trustees and Officers of the Trust

 

Name and
Age(1)
  Position(s)
Held with
Trust
  Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served(2)
  Principal
Occupation(s)
During
Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
  Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
(Past 5 Years)
Nicholas D. Gerber(3)
Year of Birth: 1962
  Chairman and Trustee   Since 2014   Chairman of the Board of Directors of United States Commodity Funds LLC (“USCF”), which is the sponsor of a family of commodity pools whose shares are registered under the Securities Act since 2005; President and Chief Executive Officer of USCF from 2005 - June 2015; Serves on Board of Managers of USCF Advisers LLC (“USCF Advisers”) since June 2014 and President and Chief Executive Officer of USCF Advisers  from June 2014 - June 2015; Vice President of USCF since June 2015; Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary of Marygold since January 2015; CEO and a member of the Board of Directors of Marygold & Co., a subsidiary of Marygold, since November 2019; Executive Director and member of the Board of Directors of Marygold & Co. (UK) Limited, a newly formed subsidiary of Marygold from August 2021; Co-founded Ameristock Corporation in March 1995, a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 from March 1995 until January 2013; and Portfolio Manager of the Ameristock Mutual Fund, Inc. a mutual fund registered under the 1940 Act, from August 1995 - January 2013.   [   ]   Management Director of USCF;  Chairman of the Board of Marygold since January 26, 2015
                     
John P. Love
Year of Birth: 1971
  President (Principal Executive Officer)   Since 2015   Chief Executive Officer and President of USCF since June 2015 and Management Director of USCF since October 2016 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of USCF since 2019; Senior Portfolio Manager of USCF from March 2010 - June 2015; Portfolio Manager of USCF from April 2006 - March 2010; President of USCF Advisers since June 2015 and serves on Board of Managers of USCF Advisers since November 2016.   N/A   N/A
                     
Stuart P. Crumbaugh(3)
Year of Birth: 1963
  Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Principal Financial Officer), Treasurer and Trustee   CFO and Treasurer since May 2015; Secretary from May 2015 - October 2016; Independent Trustee of USCF ETF Trust from inception - February 2015 and Interested Trustee since February 2015  

Chief Financial Officer of Concierge since December 2017; Treasurer and a member of the Board of Directors of Marygold & Co. since November 2019; Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer), Treasurer and Secretary of USCF Advisers and USCF since June 2015 and May 2015, respectively; Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Sikka Software Corporation from April 2014 - April 2015; Vice President, Corporate Controller and Treasurer of Auction.com, LLC from December 2012 - December 2013; Chief Financial Officer of IP Infusion Inc. from March 2011 - September 2012; Consultant from January 2010 - February 2011.

 

  [   ]   None

24

 

Name and
Age(1)
  Position(s)
Held with
Trust
  Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served(2)
  Principal
Occupation(s)
During
Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
  Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
(Past 5 Years)
Andrew F Ngim(3)
Year of Birth: 1960
  Trustee, Vice President, and Portfolio Manager   Trustee from 2014 to February 2015 and May 2015 to Present. Secretary from October 2016 to May 2018   Co-founded USCF in 2005 and has served as a Management Director since May 2005 and Chief Operating Officer since August 2016; Portfolio Manager for the United States Commodity Index Funds Trust since January 2013; Treasurer of USCF from June 2005 - February 2012; Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of USCF Advisers since June 2013; Prior to and concurrent with his services to USCF, from January 1999 - January 2013, Mr. Ngim served as Managing Director for Ameristock Corporation which he co-founded in March 1995 and was Co-Portfolio manager of Ameristock Mutual Fund, Inc. from January 2000 - January 2013; Portfolio Manager for USCF ETF Trust since 2014.   [   ]   Management Director of USCF since May 2005.
                     

Kenneth Kalina

c/o ACA Foreside

3 Canal Plaza,

Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

Year of Birth: 1959

  Chief Compliance Officer and AML Officer   Chief Compliance Officer and AML Officer Since 2022   Fund Chief Compliance Officer, Foreside Fund Officer Services, LLC (June 2017 to present); Chief Compliance Officer, Henderson Global Funds (December 2005 to June 2017).   N/A   N/A
                     
Daphne G. Frydman
Year of Birth: 1974
  Chief Legal Officer; Secretary   Chief Legal Officer since May 2018; Secretary since 2021   General Counsel of USCF and USCF Advisers since May 2018; Director of Compliance of USCF since May 2022; Deputy General Counsel of USCF from May 2016 - April 2018; Assistant Secretary from October 2016 – May 2018; Partner at Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP from January 2011 - April 2016; and counsel and associate at the same from 2009 - 2010 and from 2001 - 2008, respectively.   N/A   N/A

 

(1) The address of each Trustee and officer, unless otherwise noted, is c/o USCF ETF Trust, 1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640, Walnut Creek, CA 94596.
(2) The Trustees and Officers serve until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
(3) Messrs. Gerber, Crumbaugh and Ngim are “interested persons” of the Trust (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) because of their affiliation with the Adviser.

25

 

Description of Standing Board Committees

 

Audit Committee. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee are the appointment, compensation, and oversight of the Trust’s independent auditors, including the resolution of disagreements regarding financial reporting between Trust management and such independent auditors.

 

The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include, without limitation, to (i) oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and its internal control over financial reporting and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal control over financial reporting of certain third-party service providers; (ii) oversee the quality and integrity of the Fund’s financial statements and the independent auditors thereof; (iii) oversee or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting, and independent audits; (iv) approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence, and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors; and (v) act as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee. Each of the Independent Trustees serves on the Trust’s Audit Committee. Mr. Henderson is the chairperson of the Audit Committee. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Audit Committee met six (6) times.

 

Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board in matters involving fund governance and industry practices; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or election to serve as Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, the Adviser, or the Distributor (as the term “interested persons” is defined in the 1940 Act); and (iii) advise the Board on ways to improve its effectiveness. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing address stated in the Prospectus and should be directed to the attention of the USCF ETF Trust Nominating Committee. The following Independent Trustees serve on the Trust’s Nominating Committee: Messrs. Gard, Wilson, and Schwartz. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Nominating Committee did not meet.

 

Individual Trustee Qualifications

 

The Trust has concluded that the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their collective ability to review and understand information about the Trust and the Fund, to identify and request information that they deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and service providers regarding the operation and administration of the Trust and the Fund, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.

 

The Trust has also concluded that the Trustees should serve on the Board based on their individual experiences, qualifications, attributes, and skills. In concluding that Thomas E. Gard should serve as a Trustee, the Board considered his extensive accounting background, including the fact that he served as the partner-in-charge of Armanino LLP’s audit department for over 10 years. In concluding that Jeremy Henderson should serve as a Trustee, the Board considered his extensive business background, including the fact that he served as a managing director at Societe Generale for 16 years. In concluding that John D. Schwartz should serve as Trustee, the Board considered his extensive business background and the number of years for which he has served in a senior executive position. In concluding that H. Abram Wilson should serve as Trustee, the Board considered his past experience as a banker and federal funds trader and his role in serving on San Ramon’s finance committee. In concluding that Nicholas D. Gerber should serve as a Trustee, the Board considered his broad business experiences in the industry including: forming and managing investment companies and commodity pools, raising capital for such entities, and founding and managing non-finance related companies. In concluding that Stuart P. Crumbaugh should serve as a Trustee, the Board considered his background in accounting and finance, as well as his experience as an Independent Trustee of the Trust. In concluding that Andrew F Ngim should serve as a Trustee, the Board considered his background as a portfolio manager for the Ameristock Mutual Fund, as well as his experience with United States Commodity Funds LLC.

26

 

Trustees’ Ownership of Fund Shares

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees owned the following amounts of securities in the Fund, and in all funds in the same family of investment companies as the Fund:

 

Name of Person, Position  Dollar Range of
Equity Securities
in the Fund
   Aggregate Dollar Range
Of Equity Securities
In All Funds Overseen
by the Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies
 
Independent Trustees          
Thomas E. Gard  $0   $0 
Jeremy Henderson  $0   $0 
John D. Schwartz  $0   $0 
H. Abram Wilson  $0   $0 
Interested Trustees          
Nicholas D. Gerber  $0   $0 
Stuart P. Crumbaugh  $0   $10,000 – 50,000 
Andrew F Ngim  $0   $0 

 

Board Compensation

 

Currently, each Independent Trustee receives annual compensation of $25,000, with 1/3 of that amount being paid in the form of an annual retainer at the beginning of the year, and the remaining 2/3 paid in quarterly installments contingent on attendance at that quarter’s quarterly Board meeting. For each special Board Meeting, each Independent Trustee receives $500. The Chair of the Audit Committee receives an annual retainer of $500 at the beginning of the Trust’s fiscal year on July 1. In addition, the Independent Trustees are reimbursed for all reasonable travel expenses relating to their attendance at the Board Meetings. Trustee fees are paid by the Adviser as part of its unitary fee arrangement with the Fund. 

 

The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Adviser for service on the Board during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.

 

Name of Person, Position  Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
   Total Compensation
from Fund Complex
Paid to Trustees
 
Independent Trustees          
Thomas E. Gard  $25,500   $25,500 
Jeremy Henderson  $26,000   $26,000 
John D. Schwartz  $25,500   $25,500 
H. Abram Wilson  $25,500   $25,500 
Interested Trustees          
Nicholas D. Gerber  $0   $0 
Stuart P. Crumbaugh  $0   $0 
Andrew F Ngim  $0   $0 

 

Code of Ethics

 

The Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

27

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES

 

The Board believes that the voting of proxies on securities held by the Fund is an important element of the overall investment process. As such, the Board has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by the Fund to the Adviser. The Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures, a summary of which is included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Board will periodically review the Fund’s proxy voting records.

 

The Trust is required to disclose annually the Fund’s complete proxy voting records on Form N-PX during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31 of each year. The Fund’s Form N-PX filing will be available at no charge upon request by calling 1-866-909-9473. It will also be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledged the existence of control. A shareholder who controls the Fund may be able to control the outcome of any proposal submitted to the shareholders for approval, including changes to the Fund’s fundamental policies or the terms of the management agreement with the Adviser.

 

The Fund is newly formed and did not have any shares outstanding as of the date of this SAI.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Changes may be made in the Fund’s portfolio consistent with the investment objective and corresponding investment policies of the Fund when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio holdings for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio holdings owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the holdings in the Fund’s portfolio holdings, with the exception of holdings whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions.

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI, so it does not have portfolio turnover rates to report. 

 

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section of the Prospectus entitled “Management.”

 

Adviser

 

The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Trust pursuant to the investment advisory agreement between the Trust and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser also serves as investment adviser to the Subsidiary, pursuant to a Subsidiary Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Subsidiary (the “Subsidiary Advisory Agreement”, together with the Advisory Agreement, the “Advisory Agreements”).

 

Under the Advisory Agreements, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board, provides an investment program for the Fund and the Subsidiary. The Adviser is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of the Fund and the Subsidiary. The Adviser is responsible for the retention of sub-advisers to manage the investment of the Fund’s and Subsidiary’s assets in conformity with its investment policies if the Adviser does not provide these services directly. The Adviser also arranges for the provision of distribution, transfer agency, custody, administration, and all other services necessary for the Fund and Subsidiary to operate.

28

 

In addition to providing advisory services, the Adviser also: (i) supervises all non-advisory operations of the Fund and Subsidiary; (ii) provides personnel to perform such executive, administrative, and clerical services as are reasonably necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund and Subsidiary; (iii) arranges for (a) the preparation of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders, (c) the periodic updating of the Trust’s registration statement, and (d) the preparation of reports to be filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (iv) maintains the Fund’s and Subsidiary’s records; and (v) provides office space and all necessary office equipment and services.

 

The Advisory Agreements have an initial term of two years, and will continue in effect from year to year with respect to the Fund and Subsidiary provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Board, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

 

The Advisory Agreements will terminate automatically if “assigned” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreements are also terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice to the Trust.

 

Advisory Fees

 

The Fund is newly formed and has not paid any advisory fees as of the date of this SAI. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund will pay the Adviser an annual unitary management fee based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets at the rate of [ - ]%. In connection with the annual unitary management fee, the Adviser is responsible for all expenses of the Fund except expenses for taxes and governmental fees; brokerage fees; commissions and other transaction expenses; costs of borrowing money, including interest expenses; securities lending expenses; extraordinary expenses (such as litigation and indemnification expenses); and fees and expenses of any independent legal counsel. The Adviser does not receive a separate advisory fee from the Subsidiary.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

The persons primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are Andrew F Ngim, Darius Coby, and Seth Lancaster.

The following table provides information about the other accounts for which the portfolio managers are primarily responsible. The reporting information is provided as of [ - ]:

    Andrew F. Ngim   Darius Coby   Seth Lancaster  
Registered Investment Companies                    
Number of Accounts     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles                    
Number of Accounts     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Other Accounts                    
Number of Accounts     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Number of Accounts Subject to Performance     [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
Total Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions)   $ [ - ]     [ - ]     [ - ]  
                     

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Material Conflicts Of Interest

Because the portfolio managers manage multiple portfolios for multiple clients, the potential for conflicts of interest exists. Each portfolio manager may manage portfolios having substantially the same investment style as the Fund. However, the portfolios managed by a portfolio manager may not have portfolio compositions identical to that of the Fund due, for example, to specific investment limitations or guidelines present in some portfolios or accounts, but not others. The portfolio manager may purchase or sell securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio, and the performance of securities purchased or sold for one portfolio may vary from the performance of securities purchased or sold for other portfolios. A portfolio manager may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Fund depending on market conditions. For example, a portfolio manager may purchase a security in one portfolio while appropriately selling that same security in another portfolio. In addition, some of these portfolios have fee structures that are, or have the potential to be, higher than the advisory fees paid by the Fund, which can cause potential conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between the Fund and the other accounts. However, the compensation structure for the portfolio manager does not generally provide incentive to favor one account over another because that part of a manager’s bonus based on performance is not based on the performance of one account to the exclusion of others. There are many other factors considered in determining the portfolio manager’s bonus and there is no formula that is applied to weight the factors listed (see “Compensation – The Adviser”). In addition, current trading practices do not allow the Adviser to intentionally favor one portfolio over another as trades are executed as trade orders are received. Portfolio rebalancing dates also generally vary from portfolio to portfolio.

 

Compensation

The Adviser compensates its portfolio management personnel through cash remuneration. The cash portion consists of market-based base salary and a year-end discretionary bonus. Base salary is determined by the employee’s experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses. Base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or when a market adjustment of the position occurs. The discretionary cash component is driven by both individual performance and the performance of the firm overall, as measured by assets under management, revenues, and profitability.

Ownership of Securities

 

As of the date of this SAI, the portfolio managers do not own shares of the Fund.

 

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

Administrator, Custodian, and Transfer Agent

 

Under the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), the Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”) serves as administrator for the Fund. BNY Mellon’s principal address is 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286. Under the Administration Agreement, BNY Mellon provides necessary valuation and computation accounting services, financial reporting services, tax services, fund administration services, and regulatory administration services for the Trust and the Fund.

As the administrator, BNY Mellon assists with the overall administration of the Trust and the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, assisting in the preparation and filing of documents required for compliance by the Fund with applicable laws and regulations and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund.

 

BNY Mellon also serves as custodian of the Fund’s assets. As the custodian, BNY Mellon has agreed to (1) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of the Fund; (2) collect and receive all income and other payments and distributions on account of the Fund’s portfolio investments; and (3) make periodic reports to the Fund concerning the Fund’s operations. BNY Mellon does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities.

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BNY Mellon also serves as transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Fund. As the transfer agent, BNY Mellon has agreed, among other duties, to (1) issue and redeem shares of the Fund; (2) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; (3) maintain shareholder accounts; (4) maintain certain books and records relating to, among other things, the issuance and redemption of fund shares, dividend records, and year-end tax statements and forms; and (5) make periodic reports to the Fund.

As compensation for the foregoing services, BNY Mellon receives certain out of pocket costs, transaction fees, and asset based fees, which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser. 

Distributor

 

ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Distributor, is located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).

Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in whole Creation Units, as described in the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units.” The Distributor also acts as an agent for the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to persons purchasing shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Fund or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Fund.

As compensation for the foregoing services, the Distributor receives certain out of pocket costs, and asset based fees, all of which are paid by the Adviser out of its own assets. The Distributor receives no compensation from the Trust.

The Adviser and its affiliates may, out of their own resources, pay amounts to third parties for distribution or marketing services on behalf of the Fund. The making of these payments could create a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[ ], located at [ ], serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust and the Fund. [ ] performs the annual audit of the financial statements of the Fund; prepares the Fund’s U.S. federal, state, and excise tax returns; and advises the Fund on matters of accounting and U.S. federal and state income taxation.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP, 700 Sixth Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001-3980, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Subject to the general supervision by the Board, the Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions (which may be affiliates of the Adviser), and the negotiation of brokerage commissions. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealers who receive compensation for their services in conformity with the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder. Compensation may also be paid in connection with riskless principal transactions (in NASDAQ or over-the-counter securities and securities listed on an exchange) and agency NASDAQ or over-the-counter transactions executed with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system.

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The Fund will give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions in implementing trading policy. Consistent with this policy, when securities are traded on an exchange, the Fund’s policy will be to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Adviser believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund from obtaining a high quality of brokerage services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon their experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations will be necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases an exact dollar figure appropriate for those services is not ascertainable.

 

The Adviser does not consider sales of shares by broker-dealers as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions.

 

As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, the Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer a commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund that is in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction, if the Adviser makes a good faith determination that the broker’s commission paid by the Fund is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the Fund and its other investment advisory clients. The practice of using a portion of the Fund’s commission dollars to pay for brokerage and research services provided to the Adviser is sometimes referred to as “soft dollars.” Section 28(e) is sometimes referred to as a “safe harbor,” because it permits this practice, subject to a number of restrictions, including the Adviser’s compliance with certain procedural requirements and limitations on the type of brokerage and research services that qualify for the safe harbor.

 

Research products and services may include, but are not limited to, general economic, political, business, and market information and reviews; industry and company information and reviews; evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities; financial data on a company or companies; performance and risk measuring services and analysis; stock price quotation services; computerized historical financial databases and related software; credit rating services; analysis of corporate responsibility issues; brokerage analysts’ earnings estimates; computerized links to current market data; software dedicated to research; and portfolio modeling. Research services may be provided in the form of reports, computer-generated data feeds and other services, telephone contacts, and personal meetings with securities analysts, as well as in the form of meetings arranged with corporate officers and industry spokespersons, economists, academics, and governmental representatives. Brokerage products and services assist in the execution, clearance, and settlement of securities transactions, as well as functions incidental thereto, including but not limited to related communication and connectivity services and equipment, software related to order routing, market access, algorithmic trading, and other trading activities. On occasion, a broker-dealer may furnish the Adviser with a service that has a mixed use (that is, the service is used both for brokerage and research activities that are within the safe harbor and for other activities). In this case, the Adviser is required to reasonably allocate the cost of the service, so that any portion of the service that does not qualify for the safe harbor is paid for by the Adviser from its own funds, and not by portfolio commissions paid by the Fund.

 

Brokerage Commissions Paid

 

The Fund has not yet commenced operations, and, as a result, has no brokerage commissions to report.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

Portfolio Disclosure Policy

 

The Trust has adopted a Portfolio Holdings Policy (the “Policy”) designed to govern the disclosure of portfolio holdings and the use of material non-public information about Fund holdings. The Policy applies to all officers, employees, and agents of the Trust, including the Adviser. The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings is consistent with applicable legal requirements and otherwise in the best interest of the Fund.

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The Fund’s portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through financial reporting and news services, including the Fund’s website, www.uscfinvestments.com. In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for Creation Units, together with estimates and actual cash components is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Listing Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (the “NSCC”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC. The basket represents one Creation Unit of each Fund.

 

The Trust, Adviser, custodian, and Distributor will not disseminate non-public information concerning the Trust or the Fund. Daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings is permitted to personnel of the Adviser, the Distributor, the administrator, the custodian and the Trust’s other agents and service providers who have need of such information in connection with the ordinary course of their respective duties to the Fund. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings.

 

The Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC on a quarterly basis, based on the Fund’s fiscal year, within sixty (60) days of the end of the quarter, and provides that information to shareholders, as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder.

 

No person is authorized to disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings or other investment positions except in accordance with the Policy. The Board reviews the implementation of the Policy on a periodic basis.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES

 

Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest

 

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and a registered investment company. The Trust was organized on November 8, 2013, and has authorized capital of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001, which may be issued in more than one class or series.

 

Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual shareholder meeting if the 1940 Act does not require such a meeting. Generally, annual meetings of Trust shareholders will not be held. Meetings of Shareholders shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of the holders of no less than 25% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote upon the matter requested. Such request shall state the purpose of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted upon. Shareholders holding two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a Trustee from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent.

 

All shares of the Trust are freely transferable; provided, however, that shares may not be redeemed individually, but only in Creation Units. The shares will not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the shares will have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption, or any other feature. Shares have equal voting rights, except that only shares of a particular series may be entitled to vote on a matter affecting that series. Trust shareholders are entitled to require the Trust to redeem Creation Units if such shareholders are Authorized Participants. The Declaration of Trust confers upon the Board the power, by resolution, to alter the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that shares of the Trust may be individually redeemable. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.

 

The Trust’s Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders or the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust which are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by the Trust for all loss and expense of the Fund’s shareholders held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund itself would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations, and this risk should be considered remote. If the Fund does not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Fund may cease operations. In such an event, shareholders may be required to liquidate or transfer their shares at an inopportune time and shareholders may lose money on their investment.

33

 

Book Entry Only System

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Book Entry.”

 

The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depository for the Fund’s shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.

 

DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, LLC (the “NYSE”) and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

 

Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.

 

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows: Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of the Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participants a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

 

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

 

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

 

DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost. The DTC Participants’ rules and policies are made publicly available through its website at: www.dtcc.com.

34

 

PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS

 

Creation

 

The Trust issues and sells shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor at the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), for an order received in proper form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust may, but is not required to, permit non-standard orders (cash, cash in lieu, custom) until 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or until the market close (in the event an exchange closes early).

 

A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of the Prospectus, the NYSE observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr. Day; President’s Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day.

 

Generally, Creation Units of the Fund are issued for cash and calculated based on the NAV per Share multiplied by the number of Shares representing a Creation Unit, plus a transaction fee, as discussed below.

 

Fund Deposit. The Fund generally accepts only cash for the purchase of a Creation Unit. However, the Fund reserves the right to permit or require full or partial in-kind purchases of Creation Units under certain circumstances. If a Fund permits an in-kind transaction, the consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit consists of Deposit Securities constituting a substantial replication, or a representation, or a non-representative sampling as allowed by the Trust’s Custom Basket Procedures, of the securities included in the Fund’s portfolio and an amount of cash (the “Cash Component”) computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit. The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the market value of the Deposit Securities. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash from the Fund in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities.

 

BNY Mellon, through the NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, in order to effect creations of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities is made available.

 

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the portfolio manager(s) with a view to the investment objective of the Fund.

 

In addition to the list of names and numbers of securities constituting the current Deposit Securities of the Fund Deposit, BNY Mellon, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day, the estimated Cash Component, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per outstanding Creation Unit of the Fund.

 

Cash Purchase. Due to the nature of the securities held by the Fund, the Fund will generally require the substitution of an amount of cash to replace any Deposit Security which may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or which may not be eligible for transfer through the Clearing Process (discussed below), or which may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting (a “cash in lieu” amount).

 

When, in the sole discretion of the Trust, cash purchases of all or part of a Creation Unit are required, such purchases shall be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser. In addition, to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with using the cash to purchase the requisite Deposit Securities, the Authorized Participant must pay the transaction fees required for the Fund.

35

 

Procedures for Creation of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders for a Creation Unit, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party”, i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”), and, in each case, must have executed an agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Participant Agreement”) (discussed below). A Participating Party and DTC Participant are collectively referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” Investors should contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants that have signed a Participant Agreement. All shares of the Fund, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.

 

All orders to purchase shares of the Fund directly from the Fund, including non-standard orders, must be placed for one or more Creation Unit-sized aggregations of shares (25,000 in the case of the Fund). All orders for Creation Units, whether through the Clearing Process (through a Participating Party) or outside the Clearing Process (through a DTC Participant), must be received by the Distributor no later than the close of the regular trading session on the Listing Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (“Closing Time”)) on the date such order is placed in order for the creation of Creation Unit to be effected based on the NAV of shares of the Fund as next determined on such date after receipt of the order in proper form. The date on which an order for purchase or redemption of a Creation Unit is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, as described below. Severe economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.

 

Orders for Creation Units of the Fund shall be placed with an Authorized Participant, as applicable, in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, the Authorized Participant may request the investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, i.e., to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, orders for Creation Units of the Fund have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement. Those placing orders for Creation Units through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Distributor prior to the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date.

 

Orders for creation or redemption that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of Deposit Securities and Cash Component.

 

Placement of Creation Orders and Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process. The Clearing Process is the process of creating or redeeming Creation Units through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC. Deposit Securities or cash in lieu amounts, as applicable, transferred through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a Participant Agreement. The Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through BNY Mellon to NSCC, on behalf of the Participating Party, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Participating Party’s creation order or redemption order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to deliver the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component (or any cash in lieu amount, if applicable) to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order for Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Distributor no later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided herein, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component, and cash in lieu amounts, as applicable, have been completed. The delivery of Creation Units generally will occur no later than the [second business day] following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor. However, the Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than the [second] business day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

36

 

Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units. The Fund reserves the right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor with respect to the Fund, for reasons including, but not limited to, (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (c) the Deposit Securities delivered are not as disseminated through the facilities of the Listing Exchange for that date by BNY Mellon, as described above; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; or (e) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Distributor, and the Adviser make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, or any other participant in the creation process; and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, BNY Mellon, and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

 

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.

 

Creation Transaction Fee. To compensate the Fund for transfer and other transaction costs involved in creation transactions through the Clearing Process, investors will be required to pay a creation transaction fee of $350. The Fund reserves the right to waive transaction fees, if doing so is in the best interest of the Fund.

 

The Fund may adjust the fee from time to time based upon actual experience. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary in addition to an Authorized Participant to effect a creation of a Creation Unit may be charged a fee for such services.

 

Redemption

 

For the Fund, shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor and the Fund through BNY Mellon and only on a Business Day. The Fund will not redeem shares in amounts less than the size of a Creation Unit. Beneficial Owners must accumulate enough shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such shares redeemed by the Fund. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

 

With respect to the Fund, BNY Mellon, through the NSCC, makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (“Fund Securities”) per each Creation Unit that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities, which are applicable to creations of Creation Units.

 

The Fund will generally provide cash in exchange for a Creation Unit. When in-kind redemptions are allowed, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, cash equivalents of Fund Securities, and cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (including cash equivalents of Fund Securities) (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a redemption transaction fee described below in the section entitled “Redemption Transaction Fee.” In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder.

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Cash Redemptions. Due to the nature of the securities held by the Fund, the Fund will generally permit or require full or partial cash redemptions of Creation Units of the Fund. Such redemptions will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions. In the case of full or partial cash redemptions, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Redemption Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.

 

Placement of Redemption Orders Using Clearing Process. For the Fund, orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed the Participant Agreement. An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process is deemed received on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by BNY Mellon not later than 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed; such order will be effected based on the NAV of the Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Fund after 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and will be effected at the NAV next determined on such Business Day. The requisite Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred by the second NSCC Business Day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.

Additional Redemption Procedures. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within [two] business days of the trade date. However, due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, the different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (that is the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold), and in certain other circumstances, the delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds may take longer than [two] business days after the day on which the redemption request is received in proper form. If neither the redeeming shareholder nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming shareholder has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Fund Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Trust may, in its discretion, exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming shareholders will be required to receive redemption proceeds in cash.

Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on the relevant exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not business days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares, or to purchase or sell shares on the Listing Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.

Redemption Transaction Fee. To compensate the Trust for transfer and other transaction costs involved in redemption transactions through the Clearing Process, investors will be required to pay a redemption transaction fee of $350 assessed per transaction. The Fund reserves the right to waive transaction fees, if doing so is in the best interest of the Fund.

 

The Fund may adjust the fee from time to time based upon actual experience. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary in addition to an Authorized Participant to effect a redemption of a Creation Unit may be charged a fee for such services.

Required Early Acceptance Of Orders. Because the securities held by the Fund may trade in foreign markets, notwithstanding the foregoing, as described in the Participant Agreement and/or the applicable order form, the Fund may require orders to be placed prior to the Transmittal Date in order to receive the Transmittal Date’s NAV. The cut-off time to receive the Transmittal Date’s NAV will not precede the calculation of the NAV of the Fund’s shares on the prior Business Day. Orders to purchase shares of the Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) that the equity markets in the relevant foreign market are closed may not be accepted. Authorized Participants may be notified that the cut-off time for an order may be earlier on a particular Business Day, as described in the Participant Agreement and the applicable order form. 

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CONTINUOUS OFFERING

 

The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

 

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares, and sells such shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are effecting transactions in shares of the Fund, whether or not participating in the distribution of such shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available with respect to such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to an ordinary secondary market transaction), and thus dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus-delivery obligation with respect to Shares are reminded that under Rule 153 under the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to a national securities exchange member in connection with a sale on the national securities exchange is satisfied if the Fund’s prospectus is made available upon request at the national securities exchange on which the shares of such fund trade. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange and not with respect to other transactions.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Determination of Net Asset Value.”

 

For the Fund, the NAV per share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fee, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of the Fund is determined as of the close of the regular trading session on the Listing Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that such exchange is open. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.

 

In computing the Fund’s NAV, the Fund’s portfolio securities are valued based on market quotations. When market quotations are not readily available for a portfolio security, the Fund must use such security’s fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with the Trust’s Fair Value Pricing Procedures, which are approved by the Board.

 

Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act sets forth the requirements for determining fair value in good faith. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board, including a majority of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, designated the Adviser to perform fair value determinations and act as “valuation designee.” As valuation designee, the Adviser must (i) periodically assess and manage valuation risks; (ii) establish and apply fair value methodologies; (iii) test fair value methodologies; (iv) oversee and evaluate independent pricing services; (v) provide the Board with the reporting required under Rule 2a-5; and (vi) maintain records as required under Rule 31a-4 under the 1940 Act.

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The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities is based on such securities’ closing price on local markets when available. If a portfolio security’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately reflect the fair value of such security, the portfolio security will be valued by another method that the Adviser believes will better reflect fair value in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board. The Fund may use fair value pricing in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to, situations when the value of the Fund’s portfolio security has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which such security is principally traded (such as a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of such security) or trading in such security has been suspended or halted. In addition, the Fund may fair value foreign equity portfolio securities each day the Fund calculates its NAV. Accordingly, the Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a portfolio security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of such security. With respect to securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges, the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or sell your shares.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

General Policies

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends and Distributions.”

 

Dividends from net investment income are declared and paid at least annually by the Fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Trust may make distributions on a more frequent basis for the Fund to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code, in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act. In addition, the Trust may distribute at least annually amounts representing the full dividend yield on the underlying portfolio securities of the Fund, net of expenses of the Fund, as if the Fund owned such underlying portfolio securities for the entire dividend period in which case some portion of each distribution may result in a return of capital for tax purposes for certain shareholders.

 

Dividends and other distributions on shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust. The Trust makes additional distributions to the minimum extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Trust, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Fund as a RIC or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service

 

No reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. If this service is used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund. Beneficial Owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require Beneficial Owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables.

 

TAXATION

The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and the purchase, ownership and disposition of Fund shares. It is based upon the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authorities, and administrative rulings, published guidance and practices as in effect as of the date of this SAI, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect), including the following information which also supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Tax Information.” Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and the purchase, ownership and disposition of Fund shares. It is based upon the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authorities, and administrative rulings, published guidance and practices as in effect as of the date of this SAI, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect), including the following information which also supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Tax Information.”

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This discussion does not constitute a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal income tax aspects affecting the Trust or Fund shareholders and does not purport to deal with the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be important to particular shareholders in light of their individual investment circumstances or to some types of shareholders subject to special tax rules, such as financial institutions; broker dealers; insurance companies; tax-exempt organizations; partnerships and pass-through entities; persons holding shares in connection with a hedging, straddle, conversion, or other integrated transaction; non-U.S. shareholders (as defined below) engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and who hold shares in connection with such business (determined under applicable U.S. federal income tax laws); or persons who have ceased to be U.S. citizens or to be taxed as resident aliens or individual non-U.S. shareholders present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during a taxable year. This discussion also does not address any aspects of U.S. estate or gift taxation or foreign, state, or local tax considerations. This discussion assumes that shareholders hold their shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, assets held for investment). No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS regarding any matter discussed herein.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of Fund shares who is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

·An individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
·A corporation or other entity treated as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
·An estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
·A trust if either (i) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all its substantial decisions, or (ii) if the trust was in existence on August 20, 1996, it was treated as a U.S. person prior to that date, and has made a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person.

A “Non-U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of Fund shares who is neither a U.S. Shareholder nor a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Non-U.S. Shareholders that hold Fund shares as part of a U.S. trade or business should consult their own tax adviser as to the tax consequences of holding and disposing of Fund shares.

If a partnership, or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds Fund shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the partnership and each partner generally depends on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. A partnership (and any partner in such partnership) considering an investment in Fund shares should consult its own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of shares by the partnership.

Tax matters are very complicated and the tax consequences to an investor of an investment in shares will depend on the facts of his, her, or its particular situation. The Trust encourages investors to consult their own tax advisers regarding the specific consequences of such an investment, including tax reporting requirements, the applicability of U.S. federal income, estate and gift tax laws; state, local, and foreign tax law; eligibility for the benefits of any applicable tax treaty; and the effect of any possible changes in the tax laws.

Tax Treatment of the Fund

Election to be Taxed as a RIC. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify thereafter as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements (as described below). In addition, in order to be eligible for tax treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute to its shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of the sum of its “investment company taxable income,” which is generally its net ordinary income plus the excess of realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”) plus its net tax-exempt interest income (which is the excess of gross tax-exempt interest income over certain disallowed deductions), if any.

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Taxation as a RIC.

If the Fund:

·qualifies as a RIC; and
·satisfies the Annual Distribution Requirement,

then the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its income and capital gains that it timely distributes (or is deemed to distribute) to shareholders. The Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to shareholders.

To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things:

·derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership,” or “QPTP,” hereinafter the “90% Gross Income Test;” and
·diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year:
oat least 50% of the value of total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other RICs, and other securities, with other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the RIC’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and
onot more than 25% of the value of total assets is invested in the securities of any issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other RICs), the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more QPTPs, hereinafter the “Diversification Tests.”

The Fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of such income. The Fund may choose to retain net capital gains for investment or any investment company taxable income, and pay the associated U.S. federal corporate income tax.

U.S. Federal Excise Tax. The Fund will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if the Fund does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount equal to at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the twelve months ended October 31 of such year, and (iii) any previously recognized as undistributed ordinary income or capital gain net income that the Fund recognized in preceding years, but were not distributed during such years, and on which the Fund did not pay any U.S. federal income tax. The Fund intends to make distributions necessary to avoid the 4% U.S. federal excise tax.

Failure to Maintain RIC Status. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any year (subject to certain curative measures allowed by the Code), the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed at applicable corporate rates on all of its taxable income derived in that year, regardless of whether the Fund makes any distributions to its shareholders. In addition, distributions by the Fund to their shareholders generally will be treated as ordinary dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits and possibly eligible for (i) in the case of a non-corporate Fund shareholder, treatment as a qualifying dividend (as discussed below) taxable at the same maximum tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains or (ii) in the case of a corporate Fund shareholder, a dividends-received deduction.

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Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year the Fund may be subject to regular corporate tax on any net built-in gains with respect to certain of the Fund assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) that the Fund elects to recognize on requalification or when recognized over the next five years.

Recognition of Income Prior to Receiving Cash. With respect to some or all of its investments, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income in advance of receiving the related cash payment. For example, if the Fund invests in original issue discount obligations (such as zero coupon debt instruments or debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest), the Fund will be required to include as interest income a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the term of the obligation, even if the related cash payment is not received by the Fund until a later year. Under the “wash sale” rules, the Fund may not be able to deduct a loss on a disposition of a portfolio security. As a result, the Fund may be required to make an annual income distribution greater than the total cash actually received during the year. Such distribution may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by selling portfolio securities. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales, in which event the Fund’s shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

Foreign Investments and Taxes. Investment income and gains received by the Fund from foreign investments may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes, which could decrease the Fund’s return on those investments. The effective rate of foreign taxes to which the Fund will be subject depends on the specific countries in which its assets will be invested and the extent of the assets invested in each such country and, therefore, cannot be determined in advance. If more than 50% of the Fund’s assets at year end consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. A shareholder’s ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder’s not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if the Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.

Tax Information about Investments in Commodities and the Subsidiary

Income from commodities is generally not qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. Consistent with this general statement, the IRS issued a revenue ruling indicating that certain direct investments in commodity-linked derivatives would not produce qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. The IRS subsequently issued a revenue ruling and several private letter rulings in which it concluded that certain commodity-linked notes and other commodity-linked derivatives qualifying as securities and certain investments in foreign subsidiaries holding commodity-linked derivatives would produce qualifying income for this purpose.

If the Fund holds more than 10% of the shares in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation, or “CFC,” it may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to the Fund’s pro rata share of the corporation’s income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution during such year. In general, a foreign corporation will be classified as a CFC if more than 50% of the shares of the corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A “U.S. Shareholder,” for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined voting power or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of shares of a corporation. If the Fund is treated as receiving a deemed distribution from a CFC, it will be required to include such distribution in its investment company taxable income regardless of whether it receives any actual distributions from such CFC, and it must distribute such income to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement and will be taken into account for purposes of the 4% excise tax.

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As discussed above, the Fund intends to gain exposure to the commodities market primarily through its investment in a Subsidiary. The Fund expects that its Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation or “CFC,” and that the Fund will be required to include the income of the Subsidiary in its taxable income each taxable year regardless of whether or not the Subsidiary distributes such income. The Code provides that the income inclusion from a CFC will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements if the CFC distributes such income in the same taxable year that such income is includable in the RIC’s taxable income. Recently, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued final regulations consistent with the private rulings discussed above in which it concluded that, even if the CFC does not make a current distribution of its income, the income inclusion from a CFC will nonetheless be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements as long as such income was derived with respect to a RIC’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As a result, the Fund anticipates that its income inclusion from the Subsidiary will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC source-of-income requirements. This tax treatment may be adversely affected by additional changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from the Subsidiary was treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a RIC, in which case, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Fund level. Should the IRS issue guidance (which could be applied to the Fund retroactively) or Congress enact legislation that adversely affects the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary, it could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy or cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC.

In addition, to maintain its qualification as a RIC, the Fund intends to limit its investment in its Subsidiary so that it does not constitute more than 25% of its total assets as of the end of any quarter. The Fund also intends to limit its investments in other commodity-linked derivatives in an effort to maintain its qualification as a RIC.

PFIC Investments. The Fund may purchase shares in a foreign corporation treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (or “PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. This additional tax and interest may apply even if the Fund makes a distribution in an amount equal to any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares as a taxable dividend by it to its shareholders.

In lieu of the increased income tax and deferred tax interest charges on excess distributions on and dispositions of a PFIC’s shares, the Fund can elect to treat the underlying PFIC as a “qualified electing fund,” provided that the PFIC agrees to provide the Fund with adequate information regarding its annual results and other aspects of its operations. With a “qualified electing fund” election in place, the Fund must include in its income each year its share (whether distributed or not) of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of a PFIC.

In the alternative, the Fund can elect, under certain conditions, to mark-to-market at the end of each taxable year its PFIC shares. The Fund would recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of the PFIC shares and as an ordinary loss (up to any prior income resulting from the mark-to-market election) any decrease in the value of the PFIC shares.

With a “mark-to-market” or “qualified electing fund” election in place on a PFIC, the Fund might be required to recognize in a year income in excess of its actual distributions on and proceeds from dispositions of the PFIC’s shares. Nonetheless, the Fund would be required to timely distribute such income to shareholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement and to eliminate its liability for corporate-level U.S. federal income tax and the 4% U.S. federal excise tax (described above).

Income inclusions from a qualified electing fund will be “good income” for purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test provided that they are derived in connection with the Fund’s business of investing in stocks and securities or the qualified electing fund distributes such income to the Fund in the same taxable year to which the income is included in the Fund’s income.

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Foreign Currency Transactions. Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Fund accrues income, expenses, or other items denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects or pays such items are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency forward contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss.

Special or Uncertain Tax Consequences. The Fund’s investment or other activities could be subject to special and complex tax rules that may produce differing tax consequences, such as disallowing or limiting the use of losses or deductions (such as the “wash sale” rules), causing the recognition of income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, affecting the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur or altering the characterization of certain complex financial transactions. The Fund will monitor its investment activities for any adverse effects that may result from these special tax rules.

The Fund may engage in investment or other activities the treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. In particular, the treatment of swaps and other derivatives and income from foreign currency transactions is unclear for purposes of determining the Fund’s status as a RIC. If a final determination on the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment or other activities differs from the Fund’s original expectations, the final determination could adversely affect the Fund’s status as a RIC or the timing or character of income recognized by the Fund, requiring the Fund to purchase or sell assets, alter its portfolio, or take other action in order to comply with the final determination.

Tax Treatment of U.S. Shareholders

Fund Distributions. In general, Fund distributions are subject to U.S. federal income tax when paid, regardless of whether they consist of cash or property or are re-invested in Fund shares. However, any Fund distribution declared in October, November, or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date during such month will be deemed to have been received by the Fund shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year, provided such dividend is actually paid during January of the following calendar year.

Distributions of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (i.e., net investment income and net short-term capital gains) are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. Distributions of the Fund’s realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses properly reported by the Fund as “capital gain dividends” are taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, regardless of the Fund shareholder’s holding period in the Fund’s shares.

“Qualified dividend income” received by an individual is taxed at the rates applicable to net capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S.) or (b) treated as a PFIC. In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Fund’s shares.

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In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by the Fund will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for 45 days or less (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)).

Distributions in excess of earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in such shareholder’s common stock and, after the adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. shareholder.

Any distributions reinvested in additional shares will nevertheless remain taxable to the U.S. shareholder. The U.S. shareholder will have an adjusted tax basis in the additional shares equal to the amount of the reinvested distribution. The additional shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are acquired by the U.S. shareholder.

The Fund intends to distribute its long-term capital gains at least annually. However, by providing written notice to its shareholders no later than 60 days after its year-end, the Fund may elect to retain some or all of its long-term capital gains and designate the retained amount as a “deemed distribution.” In that event, the Fund pays income tax on the retained long-term capital gain, and the Fund shareholder recognizes a proportionate share of the Fund’s undistributed long-term capital gain. In addition, the Fund shareholder can claim a refundable tax credit for the shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s income taxes paid on the undistributed long-term capital gain and increase the adjusted tax basis of the Fund shares by an amount equal to the shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s undistributed long-term capital gains, reduced by the amount of the shareholder’s tax credit.

Long-term capital gains of non-corporate Fund shareholders (i.e., individuals, trusts and estates) are taxed at a maximum rate of 20%. In addition, Fund distributions of qualifying dividend income to non-corporate Fund shareholders may qualify for taxation at long-term capital gain rates.

Investors considering buying Fund shares just prior to a distribution should be aware that, although the price of the Fund’s shares purchased at such time may reflect the forthcoming distribution, such distribution nevertheless may be taxable (as opposed to a non-taxable return of capital).

Sales of Fund Shares. A U.S. shareholder generally will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Fund shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the disposition of the shares and the U.S. shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. Generally, gain recognized by a U.S. shareholder on the disposition of Fund shares will result in capital gain or loss to a U.S. shareholder, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year at the time of sale. Any loss recognized by a U.S. shareholder upon the disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by the U.S. shareholder. A loss recognized by a U.S. shareholder on a disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed as a deduction if the U.S. shareholder acquires additional Fund shares (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the shares are disposed. In this case, the tax basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

Issuance and Redemption of Creation Units. With respect to in kind transactions, on an issue of shares as part of a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant recognizes capital gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value (at issue) of the issued Fund shares (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue) and (ii) the Authorized Participant’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the exchanged securities (plus any cash paid by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue). With respect to in kind transactions, on a redemption of a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant recognizes capital gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value (at redemption) of the securities received (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption) and (ii) the Authorized Participant’s adjusted tax basis in the redeemed Fund shares (plus any cash paid by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption). However, the IRS may assert, under the “wash sale” rules or on the basis that there has been no significant change in the Authorized Participant’s economic position, that any loss on an issue or redemption of Creation Units cannot be deducted currently.

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In general, any capital gain or loss recognized upon the issue or redemption of Fund shares (as components of a Creation Unit) is treated either as long-term capital gain or loss, if the deposited securities (in the case of an issue) or the Fund shares (in the case of a redemption) have been held for more than one year, or otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any capital loss on a redemption of Fund shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid with respect to such Fund shares.

Foreign Tax Credits. The Fund may be subject to foreign income taxes and may be able to elect to pass-along such credit to its shareholders. If this election is available and the Fund elects such treatment, the amount of such credit will be treated as an additional distribution by the Fund and, subject to various limitations of the Code, its shareholders will be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit to offset their tax liability. Please consult your tax advisor regarding whether you will be able to use such credit against your tax liability.

Medicare Tax. In addition, if applicable to a shareholder, a 3.8% Medicare tax will be imposed on net investment income. Please consult your tax advisor regarding this tax.

Back-Up Withholding. The Fund may be required to report backup withhold from all distributions to any shareholder of the Fund (1) who fails to furnish the Fund with a correct U.S. taxpayer identification number or a certificate that such shareholder is exempt from backup withholding or (2) with respect to whom the IRS notifies the Fund that such shareholder has failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect. The taxpayer identification number of an individual who is a U.S. Shareholder generally is his or her social security number. Any amount withheld under backup withholding is allowed as a credit against the U.S. Shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that proper information is provided to the IRS.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. If the Fund shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to Fund shares of $2 million or more for an individual Fund shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the Fund shareholder must file a disclosure statement with the IRS. Significant penalties may be imposed upon the failure to comply with these reporting rules.

Special Issues for Non-U.S. Shareholders

In general. Non-U.S. Shareholders who do not hold Fund shares as part of a U.S. trade or business generally will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or at a lower rate established under an applicable tax treaty) on distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income unless an exception applies. Subject to the discussion regarding backup withholding and FATCA, defined below, no withholding is generally required with respect to certain distributions of (i) U.S. source interest income, and (ii) net short term capital gains in excess of net long term capital losses, in each case to the extent the Fund properly reports such distributions as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” and certain other requirements were satisfied. The Fund anticipates that a portion of distributions will be eligible for this exception from withholding; however, the Fund cannot determine what portion of distributions (if any) will be eligible for this exception until after the end of their taxable year. No certainty can be provided that any distributions will be reported as eligible for this exception.

Under current law, a Non-U.S. Shareholder who does not hold Fund shares as part of U.S. trade or business generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on a sale or exchange of Fund shares unless (i) in the case of an individual Non-U.S. Shareholder, such shareholder is physically present in the U.S. for at least 183 days during the taxable year and meets certain other requirements, or (ii) at any time during the shorter of the period during which the Non-U.S. Shareholder held such Fund shares and the five-year period ending on the date of the disposition of those shares, the Fund was a “U.S. real property holding corporation” and the Non-U.S. Shareholder actually or constructively held more than 5% of the Fund shares of the same class. In the case of a disposition described in clause (ii) of the preceding sentence, the gain generally would be taxed in the same manner as for a domestic Fund shareholder and in certain cases will be collected through withholding at the applicable rate. The Trust does not anticipate that the Fund will be a U.S. real property holding corporation.

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Unless treated as a “domestically-controlled” RIC, the Fund will be a “U.S. real property holding corporation” if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests (which includes shares of U.S. real property holding corporations and certain participating debt securities) equals or exceeds 50% of the fair market value of such interests plus its interests in real property located outside the United States plus any other assets used or held for use in a business. A “domestically controlled” RIC is any RIC in which at all times during the relevant testing period more than 50% in value of the RIC’s stock was owned by U.S. persons.

In general, if the Fund is a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” (determined without the exception for “domestically controlled” RICs and publicly-traded RICs) distributions by the Fund attributable to gains from “U.S. real property interests” (including gain on the sale of shares in certain “non-domestically controlled” REITs and certain capital gain dividends from REITs) will be treated as income effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States, subject generally to tax at the same rates applicable to domestic Fund shareholders and, in the case of a corporate Non-U.S. Shareholder, a “branch profits” tax at a rate of 30% (or other applicable lower rate under an income tax treaty) may apply. Such distributions will be subject to U.S. withholding tax and will generally give rise to an obligation on the part of the Non-U.S. Shareholder to file a U.S. federal income tax return.

Even if the Fund is treated as a U.S. real property holding company, distributions on and sales of the Fund shares will not be treated as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business in the case of a Non-U.S. Shareholder owning (for the applicable period) 5% or less (by class) of the Fund shares. Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the application to their own circumstances of the above-described rules.

Non-U.S. Shareholders should provide the Fund or the dividend paying agent with an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E or an acceptable substitute or successor form for establishing that it is a Non-U.S. Shareholder and establishing an exemption from backup withholding. To claim a credit or refund for any Fund-level U.S. federal income taxes on any undistributed long-term capital gains (as discussed above) or any taxes collected through withholding or to claim a benefit under an applicable tax treaty, a Non-U.S. Shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and may be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return even if the Non-U.S. Shareholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a U.S. federal income tax return.

Non-U.S. Shareholders that engage in certain “wash sale” and/or substitute dividend payment transactions the effect of which is to avoid the receipt of distributions from the Fund that would be treated as gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business or avoiding withholding tax will be treated as having received such distributions. Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these rules.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. Legislation commonly referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,” or “FATCA,” generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on payments of certain types of income to foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”) unless such FFIs (i) enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury to report certain required information with respect to accounts held by certain specified U.S. persons (or held by foreign entities that have certain specified U.S. persons as substantial owners) or (ii) reside in a jurisdiction that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement (“IGA”) with the IRS to provide such information and are in compliance with the terms of such IGA and any implementing legislation or regulation. The types of income subject to the tax include U.S.-source interest and dividends. While the Code would also require withholding on payments of the gross proceeds from the sale of any property that could produce U.S.- source interest or dividends, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has indicated its intent to eliminate this requirement in proposed regulations, which state that taxpayers may rely on the proposed regulations until final regulations are issued. The information required to be reported includes the identity and taxpayer identification number of each account holder that is a U.S. person and transaction activity within the holder’s account. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, this legislation also imposes a 30% withholding on certain payments to certain foreign entities that are not financial institutions unless the foreign entity certifies that it does not have a greater than 10% owner that is a specified U.S. person or provides the withholding agent with identifying information on each greater than 10% owner that is a specified U.S. person. Depending on the status of the Fund shareholder and the status of the intermediaries through which they hold their shares, Fund shareholders could be subject to this 30% withholding tax with respect to distributions on their shares. Under certain circumstances, the Fund shareholder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

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OTHER INFORMATION

 

The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by the Listing Exchange. The Listing Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly or the ability of the Fund to achieve its objectives. The Listing Exchange has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Fund.

 

Shareholder inquiries may be made by writing to the Trust, c/o USCF Advisers LLC, 1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd, Suite 640, Walnut Creek, CA 94596.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

 

The Fund has not yet commenced investment operations and, therefore, has not produced financial statements. Once available, you can obtain a copy of the Fund’s Annual or Semi-Annual Report without charge by calling the Fund at 1-800-920-0259 or by visiting www.uscfinvestments.com.

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APPENDIX A:  USCF ADVISERS LLC PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

 

USCF Advisers LLC (“the Adviser”) has adopted the following policies and procedures (the “Proxy Guidelines”), as required by Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, to ensure that proxies on securities held by its investment advisory clients are voted in the best interests of such clients. These Proxy Policies apply to any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) for which the Adviser serves as an “investment adviser” (as defined in Section 2(a)(20) of the 1940 Act), provided that the board of directors or trustees of such investment company (the “Client”) has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on securities held by the investment company and provided that the Adviser has not otherwise delegated such authority to a sub-adviser.

 

When the Adviser votes proxies for such a Client, it acts as the agent for the Client and is subject to a fiduciary duty to vote proxies in a manner that the Adviser believes is consistent with the best interests of the Client that owns the related security.

 

General Policy

 

Unless otherwise directed by the board of directors or trustees of an investment company, it is the policy of the Adviser to cast proxy votes in favor of proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of securities being voted.

 

Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will (a) improve the management of a company, (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. Nothing in these policies shall be deemed to limit the securities that the Adviser may purchase or hold on behalf of the client.

 

The Adviser seeks to apply the proxy voting guidelines, discussed below, (the “Voting Guidelines”) in an objective and consistent manner across client accounts and without consideration of any client relationship factors.

 

Application To Specific Proposals

 

The following examples illustrate how this general policy may apply to proposals submitted by a company’s board of directors (or similar governing body, the “board,” and the individuals comprising a board, the “directors”) for approval or ratification by holders of the company’s voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.

 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

Generally, the Adviser will vote proxies:

 

  · In favor of the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election;
  · In favor of a proposal to require a company’s audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors;
  · In favor of a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders;
  · In favor of a proposal to reorganize in another jurisdiction, unless it would reduce the rights or preferences of the securities being voted;
  · In favor of a proposal to ratify the board’s selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company, or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; and
  · In favor of a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company.

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CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

Generally, the Adviser will vote proxies:

 

  · Against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities;
  · In favor of a proposal to reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares);
  · In favor of a proposal to grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and
  · In favor of a proposal authorizing a stock repurchase program.

 

COMPENSATION AND STOCK OPTION PLANS

 

Generally, the Adviser will vote proxies:

 

  · In favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution (as a general rule, a proposal that would potentially dilute shareholder interest by more than 1.5% per year will be deemed to give rise to undue dilution);
  · Against proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and
  · Against executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.

 

CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS AND CONTESTED ELECTIONS

 

The Adviser will vote proxies relating to proposed mergers, purchases and sales of assets, capital reorganizations and similar transactions in accordance with this general policy, based upon the Adviser’s analysis of the terms, conditions and anticipated results of the proposed transaction. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors in accordance with this general policy, based upon the Adviser’s analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy. When the company’s board or another party involved in a proposed transaction or change in the board submits proposals for the purpose of facilitating or impeding such transaction or change, the Adviser will cast its proxies based on its evaluation of the proposed transaction or change to the board. In these circumstances, the Adviser may vote in a manner contrary to their general practice for similar proposals made outside the context of such a proposed transaction or change in the board. For example, if the Adviser decides to vote against a proposed transaction, it may vote in favor of anti-takeover measures reasonably designed to prevent the transaction.

 

SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

 

The Adviser will generally vote proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company’s board. The Adviser believes that a company’s board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. The Adviser generally intends to limit exceptions to this practice to shareholder proposals that the Adviser regards as (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the price of the voted security (b) likely to improve shareholder reporting and financial controls unless such reports or controls do not seem to add materially to the information flow to shareholders or would cost more than the value derived from such reports or controls, or (c) presenting a direct conflict with the interests of the members of the company’s board, rendering it unlikely to be adopted by the board in the absence of shareholder direction (e.g., fund governance proposals relating to the role and tenure of the board members).

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Other Investment Companies

 

From time to time, the Adviser may invest client assets in other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. If a proposal for an investment company is of a nature addressed elsewhere in these Proxy Policies (e.g., election of directors), the Adviser generally will vote for or against the proposal in accordance with such provisions of these Proxy Policies. The Adviser will generally vote on a case-by-case basis on other investment company proposals. The Adviser will normally vote for the approval of investment advisory agreements, although it will normally vote against agreements that will result in increased advisory fees or other fund expenses unless the increase is justified in light of additional services to be provided. The Adviser will normally vote for changes to investment policies that would not affect materially the investment objective or overall risk level of the fund.

 

Cost/Benefit Analysis

 

All proxies that arrive in time to be voted shall be voted upon, except that the Adviser MAY decline to vote a proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting a proxy for the client. (In light of the types of securities in which the Adviser’s clients typically invest, circumstances under which there will be significant costs involved in voting a proxy will arise rarely, if ever.) In addition, the Adviser shall not be obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting.

 

Proposals that could potentially expose the client to legal action will be discussed with such client as appropriate.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

Because of the limited scope of the business of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser does not expect conflicts between the interests of the Adviser and those of its clients with respect to voting proxies to arise frequently. However, if proxies are being solicited with respect to an issuer that currently or periodically does any business with the Adviser or its affiliates (including, for example, as a broker executing transactions for the Adviser’s clients, or as a customer of an affiliate of the Adviser) the proxy shall be referred to the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer before it is voted.

 

Procedural Matters

 

The portfolio manager for the particular client shall be responsible for voting proxies for that client (by any means specified in the proxy solicitation), and shall notify the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer upon the voting of any proxy. The Chief Compliance Officer will present a quarterly report on proxy voting to the board of directors or trustees of each client, which report shall, among other matters, note any proxies that were voted other than as recommended under this Policy and explain the reason(s) for any such vote. 

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PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

USCF ETF Trust

Item 28. Exhibits

(a)  (1) Amended and Restated Certificate of Trust of USCF ETF Trust(2)
     
  (2) Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of USCF ETF Trust(2)
     
(b)   Bylaws of USCF ETF Trust(11)
     
(c)   See Article 4, Article 8, Section 9.3, and Section 10.3 of USCF ETF Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated June 16, 2014, filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement filed on June 27, 2014
     
(d) (1) Investment Advisory Agreement by and between USCF ETF Trust and USCF Advisers LLC, dated as of April 10, 2018(12)
     
  (2) Investment Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Cayman Commodity 2 and USCF Advisers LLC, dated as of April 18, 2018(4)
     
  (3) Sub-Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC, dated as of May 29, 2020, on behalf of the USCF Cayman Commodity 2(7)
     
  (4) Sub-Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and Miller/Howard Investments, Inc., dated as of February 18, 2021(11)
     
  (5) Investment Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Cayman Commodity 4 and USCF Advisers LLC, dated as of June 1, 2021(10)
     
  (6) Sub-Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC, dated as of September 20, 2021, on behalf of USCF Gold Strategy Plus Income Fund(10)
     
  (7) Sub-Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC, dated as of September 20, 2021, on behalf of USCF Cayman Commodity 4(10)
     
  (8) Investment Advisory Agreement by and between USCF Cayman Commodity 5 and USCF Advisers LLC, dated as of September 1, 2022(12)
     
(e) (1) Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of April 16, 2018(5)
     
  (2) Amendment No. 1 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of April 25, 2018(7)
     
  (3) Amendment No. 2 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of October 1, 2018(7)
     
  (4) Amendment No. 3 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of December 10, 2018(6)
     
  (5) Amendment No. 4 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of May 6, 2020(7)
     
  (6) Amendment No. 5 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of February 18, 2021(9)
     

 
 
  (7) Amendment No. 6 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of May 5, 2021(9)
     
  (8) Amendment No. 7 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc. dated as of February 22, 2022(11)
     
  (9)

Amendment No. 8 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc. dated as of May 27, 2022(11)

 

  (10) Amendment No. 9 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc. dated as of August 3, 2022(11)
     
  (11) Amendment No. 10 to the Distribution Agreement between USCF ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., dated as of December 1, 2022(12)
     
(f)   Not Applicable
     
(g) (1) Custody Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and USCF Cayman Commodity 2, dated March 26, 2020(7)
     
  (2) Amendment to Custody Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, USCF Cayman Commodity 2 and USCF Cayman Commodity 3, dated February 18, 2021(9) 
     
  (3) Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and USCF Cayman Commodity 2, dated March 26, 2020(7)
     
  (4) Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, USCF Cayman Commodity 2 and USCF Cayman Commodity 3, dated February 18, 2021(9)
     
  (5) Amendment to Custody Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated June 1, 2021(10)
     
  (6) Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated June 1, 2021(10)
     
  (7) Amendment to Custody Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated May 18, 2022(11)
     
  (8) Amendment to Custody Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated October 24, 2022(12)
     
  (9) Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated October 24, 2022(12)
     
(h) (1) Services and Licensing Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and SummerHaven Index Management, LLC, dated as of April 20, 2018(4)
     
  (2) Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and USCF Cayman Commodity 2, dated March 26, 2020(7)
     
  (3) Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, dated March 26, 2020(7)
     

 
 
  (4) Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, dated February 18, 2021(9) 
     
  (5) Management Fee Waiver Letter Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and USCF ETF Trust, dated as of July 28, 2022, on behalf of the USCF SummerHaven Dynamic Commodity Strategy No K-1 Fund(11)
     
  (6) Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated June 1, 2021(10)
     
  (7) Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, dated June 1, 2021(10)
     
  (8) Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, dated May 18, 2022(11)
     
  (9) Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, USCF Cayman Commodity 2 and USCF Cayman Commodity 3, dated May 18, 2022(11)
     
  (10) Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series, dated October 24, 2022(12)
     
  (11) Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, adding USCF Sustainable Battery Metals Strategy Fund and USCF Cayman Commodity 5 as parties to the agreement, dated October 24, 2022(12)
     
  (12) Management Fee Waiver Letter Agreement by and between USCF Advisers LLC and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of USCF Sustainable Battery Metals Strategy Fund, dated December 1, 2022(12)
     
  (13) Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between The Bank of New York Mellon and USCF ETF Trust on behalf of itself and each of its series and subsidiaries, dated October 24, 2022(12)
     
 (i) (1) Opinion of Legal Counsel(2)
     
  (2) Consent of Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP*
     
(j)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
     
(k)   Not Applicable
     
(l)   Form of Initial Capital Agreement(2)
     
(m)   Not Applicable
     
(n)   Not Applicable
     
(o)   Reserved
     
(p) (1) Code of Ethics of USCF ETF Trust and USCF Advisers LLC(2)
     
  (2) Code of Ethics of ALPS Distributors, Inc.(2)
     
  (3) Code of Ethics of Miller/Howard Investments, Inc.(8)
     
  (4) Code of Ethics of SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC(8)
     
(q) (1) Power of Attorney(3)

 
 

* To be filed with subsequent amendment.

(1) Filed herewith.

(2) Incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement filed on June 27, 2014.

(3) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement filed on October 21, 2016.

(4) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registration Statement filed on April 24, 2018.

(5) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to the Registration Statement filed on October 29, 2018.

(6) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to the Registration Statement filed on October 28, 2019.

(7) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-effective Amendment No. 93 to the Registration Statement filed on October 27, 2020.

(8) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration Statement filed on March 17, 2021.

(9) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 to the Registration Statement filed on October 26, 2021.

(10) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 119 to the Registration Statement filed on October 27, 2021.

(11) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registration Statement filed on October 27, 2022.

(12) Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to the Registration Statement filed on January 3, 2023.

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with Registrant

The Registrant wholly-owns and controls USCF Cayman Commodity 2, USCF Cayman Commodity 4 and USCF Cayman Commodity 5. With regards to USCF Cayman Commodity 2 and USCF Cayman Commodity 4, reference is made to the captions “Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund” and “Management of the Subsidiary” in the current Prospectuses for the USCF SummerHaven Dynamic Commodity Strategy No K-1 Fund and the USCF Gold Strategy Plus Income Fund, each a series of the Registrant, respectively. With regards to USCF Cayman Commodity 5, reference is made to the captions “Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund” and “Management of the Subsidiary” in the current Prospectus for the USCF Sustainable Battery Metals Strategy Fund.

Item 30. Indemnification

Reference is made to Article 9 of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated herein by reference. The general effect of the indemnification available to an officer or trustee may be to reduce the circumstances under which the officer or trustee is required to bear the economic burden of liabilities and expenses related to actions taken by the individual in his or her capacity as an officer or trustee.

 

The Registrant (also referred to as the “Trust” or “USCF ETF Trust”) is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and is operated pursuant to an Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust that permits the Registrant to indemnify every person who is, or has been, a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, including persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (each, a “Covered Person”). Each Covered Person is indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been such a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof. This indemnification is subject to the following conditions:

 

No indemnification is provided to a Covered Person:

 

(a) For any liability to the Trust or its shareholders arising out of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office;

 
 

(b) With respect to any matter as to which the Covered Person has been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust; or

 

(c) In the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office or position by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition, or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he or she did not engage in such conduct, such determination being made by: (i) a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees (as such term is defined in Section 8.5.5 of the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust) acting on the matter (provided that a majority of Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or (ii) a written opinion of independent legal counsel.

The rights of indemnification under the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust are severable; will not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person is entitled; will continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Covered Person; and will inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained in the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust will affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.

Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under Section 8.5 of the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust will be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under Section 8.5 of the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, provided that either:

(a) Such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or

 

(b) A majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion determines, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to the facts available upon a full trial), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act, and therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

Reference is made to the caption “Management” in the Prospectus included in this Registration Statement.

USCF Advisers LLC

 

USCF Advisers LLC is located at 1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640 Walnut Creek, CA 94596. The information as to the directors and officers of USCF Advisers LLC is set forth in USCF Advisers LLC’s Form ADV filed with the SEC (File No. 801-79985), as amended through the date hereof, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 
 

SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC

 

SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC is located at 1286 East Main Street, Fourth Floor, Stamford, CT 06902. The information as to the directors and officers of SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC is set forth in SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC’s Form ADV filed with the SEC (File No. 801-111663), and amended through the date hereof, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Miller/Howard Investments, Inc.

 

Miller/Howard Investments, Inc., is located at The Fuller Building, 45 Pine Grove Ave, Suite 301, Kingston, NY 12401. The information as to the directors and officers of Miller/Howard Investments, Inc., is set forth in Miller/Howard Investments, Inc.’s Form ADV filed with the SEC ((File No. 801-28170), and amended through the date hereof, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a) ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: 1WS Credit Income Fund, 1290 Funds, Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs, Alpha Alternative Assets Fund, ALPS Series Trust, Alternative Credit Income Fund, Apollo Diversified Credit Fund (fka Griffin Institutional Access Credit Fund), Apollo Diversified Real Estate Fund (fka Griffin Institutional Access Real Estate Fund), The Arbitrage Funds, AQR Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Axonic Funds, , BBH Trust, Bluerock High Income Institutional Credit Fund, Bluerock Total Income+ Real Estate Fund, Brandes Investment Trust, Bridge Builder Trust, Broadstone Real Estate Access Fund, Cambria ETF Trust, Centre Funds, CIM Real Assets & Credit Fund, CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund, Columbia ETF Trust, Columbia ETF Trust I, Columbia ETF Trust II, CRM Mutual Fund Trust, Cullen Funds Trust, DBX ETF Trust, ETF Series Solutions, Flat Rock Core Income Fund, Flat Rock Opportunity Fund, Financial Investors Trust, Firsthand Funds, FS Credit Income Fund, FS Energy Total Return Fund, FS Series Trust, FS Multi-Alternative Income Fund, Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds, Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, Graniteshares ETF Trust, Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust, Hartford Funds NextShares Trust, Heartland Group, Inc., IndexIQ Active ETF Trust, IndexIQ ETF Trust, James Advantage Funds, Janus Detroit Street Trust, Lattice Strategies Trust, Litman Gregory Funds Trust, Longleaf Partners Funds Trust, MassMutual Premier Funds, MassMutual Advantage Funds, Meridian Fund, Inc., MVP Private Markets Fund, Natixis ETF Trust, Natixis ETF Trust II, Opportunistic Credit Interval Fund, PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds, Principal Exchange-Traded Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, RiverNorth Funds, RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc., RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc., SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust, SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust, Sprott Funds Trust, Stone Harbor Investment Funds, Stone Ridge Trust, Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust III, Stone Ridge Trust IV, Stone Ridge Trust V, Stone Ridge Trust VI, Stone Ridge Residential Real Estate Income Fund I, Inc., USCF ETF Trust, Valkyrie ETF Trust II, Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Wilmington Funds, XAI Octagon Credit Trust, X-Square Balanced Fund and YieldStreet Prism Fund.

(b) To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:

 

Name* Position with Underwriter Positions with Fund
Stephen Kyllo President, Chief Operating Officer, Director, Chief Compliance Officer N/A
Patrick J. Pedonti ** Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary N/A
Eric T. Parsons Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer N/A
Jason White *** Secretary N/A
Richard C. Noyes Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Assistant Secretary N/A
Liza Orr Vice President, Senior Counsel N/A
Jed Stahl Vice President, Senior Counsel N/A
Terence Digan Vice President N/A
James Stegall Vice President N/A
Gary Ross Senior Vice President N/A
Hilary Quinn Vice President N/A

* Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.

** The principal business address for Messrs. Pedonti is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.

*** The principal business address for Mr. White is 4 Times Square, New York, NY 10036.

 
 

(c):

Name of Principal Underwriter Net Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions
Compensation on
Redemption and
Repurchases
Brokerage
Commissions
Other
Compensation
ALPS Distributors, Inc. 0 0 0 0

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

All accounts, books and other documents required by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder are maintained at:

USCF Advisers LLC

1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 640

Walnut Creek, CA  94596

 

The Bank of New York Mellon

240 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10286

ALPS Distributors, Inc.

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80203

 

SummerHaven Investment Management, LLC

1286 East Main Street, 4th Floor

Stamford, CT 06902

 

Miller/Howard Investments, Inc.

The Fuller Building

45 Pine Grove Ave, Suite 301

Kingston, NY 12401

Item 34. Management Services

Not applicable.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not applicable.

 
 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Walnut Creek of the State of California on this 10th day of January, 2023.

 

  USCF ETF TRUST
   
  By:   /s/ John P. Love 
    John P. Love
    President and Principal Executive Officer
     

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

Signatures   Title   Date
         
/s/ Stuart P. Crumbaugh    Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and   January 10, 2023
Stuart P. Crumbaugh   Principal Financial Officer), Treasurer, Secretary, and Trustee    
         
/s/ John P. Love    President and Principal Executive Officer   January 10, 2023
John P. Love        
         
*   Chairman and Trustee   January 10, 2023
Nicholas D. Gerber        
         
*   Trustee   January 10, 2023
Andrew F Ngim        
         
*   Independent Trustee   January 10, 2023
H. Abram Wilson        
         
*   Independent Trustee   January 10, 2023
Thomas E. Gard        
         
*   Independent Trustee   January 10, 2023
Jeremy Henderson        
         
*   Independent Trustee   January 10, 2023
John D. Schwartz        

  

*By:   /s/ John P. Love   
  John P. Love  
  Attorney in Fact  
  Pursuant to Power of Attorney, dated October 13, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement filed on October 21, 2016.