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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
2
– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).  Accordingly, they do
not
include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In our opinion the financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to make the financial statements
not
misleading. The results of operations for any interim periods are
not
necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. A summary of our significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements follows.
 
Capital Stock
 
In connection with the Company’s completed IPO in
April 2018,
all of the Company’s Preferred Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock were converted into shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The Company’s Common Stock was then forward-split at a ratio of
6.6841954
-to-
1.
Furthermore, prior to the closing of the IPO, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation was amended and restated to provide the Company with the authority to issue up to
210,000,000
shares of stock consisting of
200,000,000
shares of Common Stock at a par value of
$0.001
per share and
10,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock at a par value of
$0.001
per share.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Cash
 
We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an initial maturity of
three
months or less to be cash equivalents.  Any amounts of cash in financial institutions which exceed FDIC insured limits expose us to cash concentration risk. We have
no
cash equivalents, and had
$1,761,278
and
$8,465,768
in excess of FDIC insured limits of
$250,000
at 
December 31, 2019
 and
December 31, 2018
 respectively.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.
 
ASC
820,
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, provides a consistent framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and expands fair value financial statement disclosure requirements. ASC
820’s
valuation techniques are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. ASC
820
classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:
 
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
 
 
 
 
Level
2:
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are
not
active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
 
 
 
 
Level
3:
Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Furniture and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from
three
to
five
years. Routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and major renovations or improvements are capitalized.
 
Research and Development Materials Costs
 
Research and development expenditures are comprised of costs incurred to conduct research and development activities. These include payments to collaborative research partners, including wages and associated employee benefits, facilities and overhead costs. These expenditures relate to preclinical, Phase I, and Phase II clinical trials and are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials to be used in future research are capitalized and included in research and development supplies. Research and development supplies purchased and capitalized for future use was
$801,780
and
$0
at
December 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018,
respectively.
 
Awards
 
In
2010,
we were awarded
$4.5
million from the State of Texas Emerging Technology Fund ("TETF").  The award was received in
two
tranches of
$2.25
million during
2010
and
2011.
  The award proceeds were used for the development and future commercialization of our nanomolecular therapy product for the treatment of cancer.  In consideration for the award, we provided the TETF with an "Investment Unit", consisting of (i) a Promissory Note ("Note") and (ii) a right to purchase our equity shares ("Warrant").  The funds received for this award were assigned to the Investment Unit, and classified separately from equity as "mezzanine" in the balance sheet.
 
In
2010,
we also were awarded approximately
$244,500
from the U.S. Treasury Department for our QTDP Program Nanoparticle Therapy for Lung Cancer.  The award was received during
2011
for our historical activities, and required
no
prospective expenditures.  We accounted for these funds received as revenue at that time.
 
Intellectual Property
 
Intellectual property consists of external legal and related costs associated with patents and other proprietary technology acquired, licensed by, or maintained by us that we believe contribute to a probable economic benefit toward such patents and activities. These legal costs incurred in connection with the patent applications and patent maintenance are capitalized. Intellectual property is stated at cost, to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
 
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
 
We use the fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based compensation for options granted to employees, independent consultants and contractors.  We measure options granted at fair value determined as of the grant date, and recognize the expense over the periods in which the related services are rendered based on the terms and conditions of the award. Generally, where the award only has a service condition, the requisite service period is the same as the vesting period.
 
Financial Instruments
 
We have elected the Fair Value Option to account for the Investment Unit at fair value as a combined hybrid financial instrument containing a Warrant and a Note (see Investment Unit Note).  Prior to its exercise, the Warrant component was
not
classified within equity, as the exercise price of the warrants was affected by the market price of our stock in a future qualifying financing transaction and was
not
considered to be indexed to our own stock. The Note is
not
classified within liabilities, as our management can determine the timing of the repayment obligation, if any. As a result, the Warrant and Note that comprised the Investment Unit were aggregated and classified within the mezzanine section of the balance sheet.
 
Due to the contingent terms of the financial instruments, changes in the fair value of the Investment Unit were calculated and realized in earnings.  There were
no
changes in the fair value of the Investment Unit at
December 31, 2019
. In
August 2019,
the remaining articles of the Investment Unit were terminated.
 
Long-Lived Assets
 
We review long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may
not
be recoverable. In evaluating the fair value and future benefits of its intangible assets, management performs an analysis of the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flow of the individual assets over the remaining amortization period. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying value of the asset exceeds the expected future cash flows. During the years ended
December 31, 2019
 and
December 31, 2018
, there were
no
deemed impairments of our long-lived assets.
 
Recent Accounting Developments
 
Accounting pronouncements issued but
not
effective until after
December 31, 2019
 are
not
expected to have a significant effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.