10-Q 1 v9121810q.htm

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________

Form 10-Q

____________________________________

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended July 31, 2018

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 333-194144

____________________________________

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________

Delaware	46-7176227
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

c/o Bank of Montreal

3 Times Square

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Legal Department

(Address of principal executive offices)

(212) 885-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or, an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company”, in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2018, there were 342,536 Gold Deposit Receipts outstanding.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JULY 31, 2018

INDEX

		Page No.
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	21
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	21

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	22
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	22
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	22
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	22
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	22
Item 5.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accounting and Financial Disclosure	22
Item 6.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	22
Item 7.	Executive Compensation	22
Item 8.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	22
Item 9.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	22
Item 10.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	22
Item 11.	Other Information	22
Item 12.	Exhibits	23

Signatures		24

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements. The Vaulted Gold Bullion Trust’s (the “Trust”) forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding its expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this report may include, for example, statements about:

The gold industry;

Sources of and demand for gold bullion; and

The performance of the gold market.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on the Trust’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Trust. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting the Trust will be those that it has anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond the Trust’s control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Trust’s prospectus dated July 27, 2018 that forms a part of the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-226132), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 11, 2018 and declared effective on July 27, 2018. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the Trust’s assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. The Trust undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements (Unaudited)

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

Statements of Assets and Liabilities

(Amounts in US$, except for Receipt data)	As of July 31, 2018 (unaudited)			As of October 31, 2017
ASSETS
Investment in gold (Cost: $452,420,888 and $36,067,530, respectively) (see Notes 2.2, 2.5)	$418,219,329			$37,667,568
Total assets	$	418,219,329		$	37,667,568

Paid In Capital	$	452,420,888		$	36,067,530
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in gold		(34,201,559	)		1,600,038
NET ASSETS	$	418,219,329		$	37,667,568
Receipts issued, issuable and outstanding (see Note 2.3)		342,536			29,656
Net Asset Value per Receipt	$	1,220.95		$	1,270.15

See Notes to the Financial Statements

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

Schedules of Investments

(Amounts in US$, except for Troy oz data)	As of July 31, 2018 (unaudited)
Description	Troy Oz		Cost		Fair Value		% of Net Assets (1)
Investment in gold
Gold		342,536	$	452,420,888	$	418,219,329	100%
Total investment in gold		342,536	$	452,420,888	$	418,219,329	100%

	As of October 31, 2017
Description	Troy Oz		Cost		Fair Value		% of Net Assets (1)
Investment in gold
Gold		29,656	$	36,067,530	$	37,667,568	100%
Total investment in gold		29,656	$	36,067,530	$	37,667,568	100%

(1)

Calculated as investment in gold at fair value divided by net assets

See Notes to the Financial Statements

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
(Amounts in US$)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net realized gain (loss) on redemption of Receipts (see Note 2.3)	$	-		$	(22	)	$	-		$	(372	)
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investment in gold (see Note 2.5)		(33,144,761	)		1,513,710			(35,801,597	)		1,523,288
Total gain (loss) on investment in gold		(33,144,761	)		1,513,688			(35,801,597	)		1,522,916

Increase (decrease) in net assets from operations		(33,144,761	)		1,513,688			(35,801,597	)		1,522,916
Increase (decrease) in net assets from operations per Receipt*		(103.29	)		236.17			(231.53	)		683.08

* - Based on weighted average number of Receipts issued and outstanding over the period

See Notes to the Financial Statements

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

Statements of Changes in Net Assets

(Amounts in US$, except for Receipt data)	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2018 (unaudited)					Year Ended October 31, 2017
	Receipts		Amount			Receipts			Amount
Opening balance		29,656	$	37,667,568			38		$	48,336
From operations:
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investment in gold				(35,801,597	)					1,600,049
Net realized gain (loss) on redemption of Receipts				-						(372	)
From Trust Receipt activity:
Issuances		312,880		416,353,358			29,627			36,030,722
Redemptions		-		-			(9	)		(11,167	)
Closing balance at period end		342,536	$	418,219,329			29,656		$	37,667,568

See Notes to the Financial Statements

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

Notes to the Financial Statements

Organization

The Vaulted Gold Bullion Trust (the “Trust”) was initially formed on December 10, 2013. The Trust is governed by the second amended and restated Depositary Trust Agreement, dated May 11, 2017 (the “Depositary Trust Agreement”). Commencement of operations occurred on August 5, 2016. The Bank of New York Mellon is the trustee (the “Trustee”) and BNY Mellon Trust of Delaware is the Delaware trustee (the “Delaware Trustee”). The Bank of Montreal (the “Initial Depositor”) sells Gold Bullion (“Gold”) to the Trust, arranges custodial services through its storage account and provides administrative services from time to time. The Vaulted Gold Bullion Trust is not a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

The Trust is intended to hold Gold for the benefit of owners of Gold Deposit Receipts (“Receipts”). One Receipt represents the undivided beneficial ownership of one troy ounce of Gold. Investors (through registered broker-dealers, or banks or trust companies that become party to the distribution agreement (“Authorized Participants”)) are able to acquire, hold, transfer and surrender only whole Receipts (i.e., no fractional interests), with a minimum of one Receipt per transaction. The Trustee performs only administrative and ministerial acts. The property of the Trust consists of the Gold and all monies or other property, if any, received by the Trustee. The fiscal year end for the Trust is October 31.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires those responsible for preparing financial statements to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Trust.

2.1.

Basis of Accounting

The Trust is an investment company within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies (“Topic 946”). The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act and is not required to register under such act.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

2.2.

Valuation of Gold

The Gold is held for the benefit of holders of the Receipts in a custodial account operated by Bank of Montreal at the Royal Canadian Mint (the “Mint”) and is valued, for financial statement purposes, at fair value. Fair value is determined by the LBMA (PM) Gold Price, which is set using the afternoon session of the ICE Benchmark Association (“IBA”) equilibrium auction.

The Trust follows the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 provides guidance for determining fair value and requires disclosure regarding the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Trust records its investment in gold at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value of the investment in gold as changes in unrealized gains or losses on investment in gold through the Statement of Operations. Realized gains and losses on the redemption of Receipts, are calculated as the difference between the fair value and cost of gold redeemed. Realized gains and losses are recorded using the specified identification method for cost relief.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

2.2.

Valuation of Gold (continued)

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs

A valuation hierarchy exists that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs are as follows:

–

Level 1.

Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the company has the ability to access.

–

Level 2.

Observable inputs other than quoted prices in an active market that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. These inputs may include quoted prices for the identical instrument on an inactive market, prices for similar instruments and similar data.

–

Level 3.

Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available, representing the company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that a market participant would use in valuing the asset or liability, and that would be based on the best information available.

The Trust classifies its investment in gold as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no re-allocations or transfers between levels during the period.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

2.3.

Issuance and Redemption of Receipts

The Trust issues Receipts on a continuous basis pursuant to the Depositary Trust Agreement. Authorized capital is unlimited. There are 342,536 Receipts issued and outstanding on July 31, 2018 (29,656 Receipts issued and outstanding on October 31, 2017).

Holders of Receipts will receive no distributions.

Subject to certain exceptions, holders of Receipts have the option to redeem their Receipts for physical gold (to be delivered directly to them by the service carrier) subject to payment of a withdrawal and delivery fee to the Initial Depositor, or exchange their Receipts for cash. Changes in the Receipts for the nine months ended July 31, 2018 and the year ended October 31, 2017 are set out below:

(Amounts in US$, except for Receipt data)	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2018		Year Ended October 31, 2017
Number of Receipts Transactions
Opening balance		29,656		38
Receipts issued		312,880		29,627
Receipts redeemed		-		(9	)
Closing balance		342,536		29,656

Amount of Receipts (at cost)
Opening balance	$	36,067,530	$	48,347
Issuances		416,353,358		36,030,722
Redemptions		-		(11,539	)
Closing balance	$	452,420,888	$	36,067,530
Net Asset Value per Receipt at period end	$	1,220.95	$	1,270.15

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

2.4.

Income Taxes

The Trust is classified as a “grantor trust” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Trust itself is not subject to U.S. federal income tax.

The Trustee has evaluated whether or not there are uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition and has determined that no reserves for uncertain tax positions are required as of July 31, 2018 and October 31, 2017.

2.5

Investment in Gold

Changes in ounces of the Trust’s investment in gold and the respective values for the nine months ended July 31, 2018 and the year ended October 31, 2017 are set out below:

(Amounts in US$ except for ounces data)	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2018			Year Ended October 31, 2017
Ounces of gold
Opening balance		29,656			38
Purchases		312,880			29,627
Redemptions		-			(9	)
Closing balance		342,536			29,656
Investment in gold
Opening balance	$	37,667,568		$	48,336
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investment in gold		(35,801,597	)		1,600,049
Net realized gain (loss) on redemption of Receipts		-			(372	)
Purchases		416,353,358			36,030,722
Redemptions		-			(11,167	)
Closing balance	$	418,219,329		$	37,667,568

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

2.6.

Fees and Expenses

The expenses of the Trust are incurred by and paid for by the Initial Depositor.

The expenses of the Trust are expected to include, but are not limited to, the following:

any expenses or liabilities of the Trust;

any taxes and other governmental charges that may fall on the Trust or its property; and

fees and expenses of the Trustee and any indemnification of the Trustee.

Additionally, the Trustee’s and Mint’s fees are paid by the Initial Depositor and are not separate expenses of the Trust.

2.7

Related Party Transactions

On May 11, 2017, the Trust entered into the Depositary Trust Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, BNY Trust of Delaware, Bank of Montreal and BMO Capital Markets Corp. On July 11, 2018, the Trust entered into the Second Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement with Bank of Montreal and BMO Capital Markets Corp (the “Distribution Agreement”).

Bank of Montreal acts as the Initial Depositor of the Trust and holds gold that it transfers to the Trust from time to time in connection with the sale by the Trust of Receipts. Pursuant to the Depositary Trust Agreement and the Distribution Agreement, the offering price for each Receipt consists of the spot price at the time of sale to an investor for one troy ounce of gold, plus: (1) in the case of a Class A Gold Deposit Receipt, a deposit fee of 2.00%, payable to Bank of Montreal, plus a sales fee of 2.00% to any participating broker-dealer that sells Gold Deposit Receipts to an investor; (2) in the case of a Class F Gold Deposit Receipt, which is sold only through fee-based programs, a deposit fee of 2.00%, payable to Bank of Montreal, plus a sales fee of 0.25%; (3) in the case of a Class F-1 Gold Deposit Receipt, which is sold to trust or fiduciary accounts, a deposit fee of 2.00%, payable to Bank of Montreal, and no sales fee; (4) in the case of a Class F-2 Gold Deposit Receipt, which is sold solely to an Institutional Account, a deposit fee of 1.50%, payable to Bank of Montreal, and no sales fee; (5) in the case of a Class F-3 Gold Deposit Receipt, which is sold solely to an Institutional Account, a deposit fee of 1.00%, payable to Bank of Montreal, and no sales fee; and (6) in the case of a Class S Gold Deposit Receipt, which is sold solely to an Institutional Account, neither a deposit fee nor a sales fee. The deposit fee and the sales fee are not expenses of the Trust and have no impact on the financial highlights of the Trust. The Trust uses the proceeds of the issuance of Receipts, net of these fees, to purchase gold from Bank of Montreal in an amount that corresponds to the amount of Receipts.

Bank of Montreal charges holders of Receipts a withdrawal and delivery fee if physical delivery of the gold is requested (the “Withdrawal and Delivery Fee”). Bank of Montreal additionally reserves the right to charge the holders of Receipts a custody fee, not to exceed 0.50% per annum of the daily average closing price of gold represented by the Receipts, as calculated by the Initial Depositor, acting in good faith (the “Custody Fee”). Bank of Montreal did not charge any Custody Fee during the quarter ended July 31, 2018 and the year ended October 31, 2017. None of the Deposit Fee, Withdrawal and Delivery Fee or Custody Fee is paid by the Trust to Bank of Montreal.

Pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement, BMO Capital Markets Corp., one of Bank of Montreal’s affiliates, acts as the Underwriter of the continuous offerings of Receipts and as the calculation agent responsible for calculating the spot price at which Receipts are offered to the public.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

BMO Financial Group (“BMO”) held 342,350 Receipts as at July 31, 2018. The Net Asset Value per Receipt of those holdings is $1,220.95 for a total market value of $417,992,233 (Cost: $452,193,978). BMO held 29,480 Receipts as at October 31, 2017 with a total market value of $37,444,022 (Cost: $35,853,847).

Concentration of Risk

The Trust’s sole business activity is the investment in gold, and substantially all the Trust’s assets are holdings of gold which creates a concentration of risk associated with fluctuations in the price of gold. Several factors could affect the price of gold, including: (i) global gold supply and demand, which is influenced by factors such as forward selling by gold producers, purchases made by gold producers to unwind gold hedge positions, central bank purchases and sales, and production and cost levels in major gold-producing countries; (ii) investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; (iii) currency exchange rates; (iv) interest rates; (v) investment and trading activities of hedge funds and commodity funds; and (vi) global or regional political, economic or financial events and situations. In addition, there is no assurance that gold will maintain its long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future. In the event that the price of gold declines, the value of an investment in the Receipts will decline proportionately. Subject to certain restrictions, Receipts may be redeemed after notice at the option of the holder. There is concentration risk which could trigger a termination event when Receipts are not widely held. As at July 31, 2018, BMO holds 342,350 of the Receipts issued and outstanding (29,480 as at October 31, 2017). Each of these events could have a material effect on the Trust’s financial position and results of operations.

Indemnification

Under the Trust’s organizational documents, the Trustee (and its directors, employees and agents) and the Initial Depositor (and its members, managers, directors, officers, employees and affiliates) are indemnified by the Trust against any liability, cost or expense it incurs without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on its part and without reckless disregard on its part of its obligations and duties under the Trust’s organizational documents. The Trust’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Trust that have not yet occurred.

VAULTED GOLD BULLION TRUST

July 31, 2018 (unaudited)

Financial Highlights

The Trust is presenting the following financial highlights related to investment performance and operations of a Receipt outstanding for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017.

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
Net Asset Value	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net asset value per Receipt, beginning of period	$	1,313.20		$	1,266.45		$	1,270.15		$	1,272.00
Change in unrealized investment in gold	$	(92.25	)	$	1.10		$	(49.20	)	$	(4.45	)
Net Asset Value per Receipt, end of period	$	1,220.95		$	1,267.55		$	1,220.95		$	1,267.55
Total Return*		(7.02	)%		0.08	%		(3.87	)%		(0.35	)%
Portfolio Turnover		0.00	%		0.01	%		0.00	%		0.28	%

* Not annualized

Subsequent Events

The Trust evaluated subsequent events from July 31, 2018 through September 14, 2018, the date the financial statements were issued. The Trust concluded that no additional subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the financial statements.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The Trust issues Depositary Receipts (“Gold Deposit Receipts”) representing an undivided beneficial ownership in a fixed quantity of unencumbered, allocated, physical gold bullion (“Gold Bullion”). The Trust was initially formed on December 10, 2013. The Trust is governed by the Second Amended and Restated Depositary Trust Agreement, dated May 11, 2017 (the “Depositary Trust Agreement”), by and among The Bank of New York Mellon, as “Trustee,” BNY Trust of Delaware, as “Delaware Trustee,” Bank of Montreal, as “Initial Depositor,” and BMO Capital Markets Corp., as “Underwriter.” The Trust is not a registered investment company under the 1940 Act. The Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act, and the Initial Depositor is not subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a commodity pool operator, or a commodity trading advisor.

One Gold Deposit Receipt represents the undivided beneficial ownership of one troy ounce of Gold Bullion. The Trustee performs only administrative and ministerial acts. The property of the Trust consists of the Gold Bullion and all monies or other property, if any, received by the Trustee. The Initial Depositor sells Gold Bullion to the Trust. The Gold Bullion is held for the benefit of holders of Gold Deposit Receipts in an account operated by the Initial Depositor at the Royal Canadian Mint.

The Trust is not managed like a corporation or an active investment vehicle. It does not have any officers, directors, or employees and is administered by the Trustee pursuant to the Depositary Trust Agreement. The expenses of the Trust are borne by the Initial Depositor. There were 342,536 Gold Deposit Receipts outstanding as of July 31, 2018.

The fiscal year end for the Trust is October 31.

Gold Industry

The participants in the gold industry may be classified in the following sectors: (1) mining and producer; (2) banking; (3) official; (4) investment; and (5) manufacturing. The following is a brief description of each of the sectors.

Mining and Producer Sector. This group includes mining companies that specialize in gold and silver production; mining companies that produce gold as a byproduct of other production (such as a copper or silver producer); scrap merchants; and recyclers.

Banking Sector. Bullion banks provide a variety of services to the gold industry and its participants, thereby facilitating interactions between other parties. Services provided by the bullion banking community include traditional banking products as well as mine financing, physical gold purchases and sales, hedging and risk management, inventory management for industrial users and consumers, and gold deposit and loan instruments.

The Official Sector. The official sector encompasses the activities of the various central banking operations of gold-holding countries. In September 1999, a group of 15 central banks acting to clarify their intentions with respect to their gold holdings signed the Central Bank Gold Agreement commonly called the “Washington Agreement on Gold.” The signatories included the European Central Bank (the “ECB”) and the central banks of Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and England. The original agreement limited incremental sales by the 15 signatories to 400 tonnes per annum over the ensuing five-year period. The original Washington Agreement on Gold expired in September 2004, and was renewed by almost all of the original signatories for a second five-year period (England did not renew in 2004). The second Washington Accord Agreement expired in September 2009 and was renewed again by all signatories of the second agreement for a third agreement to last another five-year period. In addition, the central banks of Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia signed in 2009. The annum limit on gold sales under the third agreement was 400 tonnes, with total sales not to exceed 2,000 tonnes in the five-year period. In May 2014, before the third agreement was set to expire in September 2014, a fourth agreement was reached between the ECB and the central banks of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, which will expire after a five-year period. The signatories have agreed to, among other things, continue to coordinate their gold transactions to avoid disturbances to the gold market and have acknowledged that they each do not have plans to sell significant amounts of gold.

The Investment Sector. This sector includes the investment and trading activities of both professional and private investors and speculators. These participants range from large hedge and mutual funds to day-traders on futures exchanges and retail-level coin collectors.

The Manufacturing Sector. The fabrication and manufacturing sector represents all the commercial and industrial users of gold for whom gold is a daily part of their business. The jewelry industry is a large user of gold. Other industrial users of gold include the electronics and dental industries.

World Gold Supply and Demand (from calendar year 2007-2018)

The following table sets forth a summary of the world gold supply and demand from calendar year 2007-2018:

WORLD GOLD SUPPLY AND DEMAND (tonnes)	2007^†	2008^†	2009^†	2010^†	2011^†	2012^†	2013^†	2014^†	2015^†	2016^†	2017^†	Q1 2018^*	Q2 2018^*
Supply
Mine Production	2,538	2,467	2,651	2,771	2,868	2,882	3,076	3,180	3,222	3,251	3,247	765	809
Scrap	1,029	1,388	1,765	1,743	1,698	1,700	1,303	1,159	1,810	1,306	1,210	316	308
Net Hedging Supply	-432	-357	-234	-106	18	-40	-39	108	21	32	-41	57	-25
Total Supply	3,134	3,497	4,182	4,407	4,584	4,543	4,340	4,446	4,422	4,590	4,415	1,139	1,092

Demand
Jewelry	2,474	2,355	1,866	2,083	2,099	2,066	2,726	2,559	2,464	1,953	2,214	523	498
Industrial Fabrication	492	479	426	480	470	432	428	411	376	366	380	97	97
…of which Electronics	345	334	295	346	342	310	306	297	267	264	277	72	72
…of which Dental & Medical	58	56	53	48	43	39	36	34	32	30	29	7	7
…of which Other Industrial	89	89	79	86	85	84	85	80	76	71	73	19	18
Net Official Sector	-484	-235	-34	77	457	544	409	466	443	269	366	85	91
Retail Investment	448	939	866	1,263	1,617	1,407	1,871	1,162	1,160	1,043	1,028	263	247
…of which Bars	238	667	562	946	1,248	1,057	1,444	886	875	786	780	202	183
…of which Coins	211	272	304	317	369	350	429	276	284	257	248	61	64
Physical Demand	2,930	3,538	3,125	3,903	4,643	4,449	5,334	4,598	4,442	3,630	3,988	968	933
Physical Surplus/Deficit	204	-40	1,057	504	-59	94	-1,094	-151	-20	959	427	171	159
ETF Inventory Build	253	321	623	384	185	279	-879	-155	-117	539	177	-29	-6
Exchange Inventory Build	-10	34	39	54	-6	-10	-98	1	-48	86	0	-4	-16
Net Balance	-39	-396	395	67	-241	-176	-117	3	146	334	250	204	181
Gold Price (London PM, US$/oz)	695.39	871.96	972.35	1,224.52	1,571.69	1,668.98	1,411.23	1,266.40	1,160.06	1,250.80	1,257.15	1,329.30	1,306.00

Note:

Totals may not add due to independent rounding. Net producer hedging is the change in the physical market impact of mining companies’ gold loans, forwards and options positions. Implied net investment is the residual from combining all other Thomson Reuters GFMS data on the gold supply/demand as shown in the Summary Table. As such, it captures the net physical impact of all transactions not covered by the other supply/demand variables.

(1)

“Tonne” refers to one metric ton. This is equal to 1,000 kilograms or 32,150.7465 troy ounces.

^†Source: Gold Survey 2018, GFMS, Thomson Reuters

* Source: Gold Survey H1 Update & Outlook (July 2018), GFMS, Thomson Reuters

Historic Movements in the Price of Gold

As movements in the price of gold are expected to directly affect the price of the Gold Deposit Receipts, investors should understand what the recent movements in the price of gold have been. Investors, however, should also be aware that past movements in the gold price are not indicators of future movements.

The following chart provides historical background on the price of gold. The chart illustrates movements in the price of gold in U.S. dollars per ounce over the period from July 2007 to July 2018, and is based on the LBMA (PM) Gold Price, an offering of ICE Benchmark Administration.

Source: Bloomberg (accessed August 2018)

Throughout 2007, the price of gold steadily increased and then reached a new high of $1,011.25 on March 17, 2008. By the end of December 2008, however, the price of gold had fallen to $869.75 per ounce. Gold prices were quite volatile between the March 2008 high and the end of December 2008 with run-ups and falls of over $150 in each direction. The significant price movements reflect the battles between inflationary and deflationary pressures, U.S. Dollar strengthening against many major currencies and global economic uncertainty going into 2009.

The price of gold continued its upward trend in 2009. After rallying to $1,212.50 per ounce in early December 2009, it fell back down to $1,087.50 per ounce to close the year following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. This still resulted in a gain of over 25 percent for 2009. Upward price movement for gold price continued in 2010, reaching a new pre-inflation adjusted record high of $1,421.00 per ounce on November 9, 2010 and closing at $1,405.50 per ounce on December 30, 2010. In August 2011, the price of gold experienced a notable increase partially due to the first U.S. downgrade by Standard & Poor’s, reaching a high of $1895.00 per ounce on September 5, 2011. By December 29, 2011, the price of gold had fallen to $1,531.00 per ounce. The annual average price of gold in 2012 was 6.2 percent higher than 2011, reaching a high of $1,791.75 on October 4, 2012. In particular, uncertainty over U.S. monetary policy became an increasingly significant driver of market appetite towards the end of 2012, and on December 28, 2012, the price of gold had fallen slightly to $1,657.50 per ounce.

In 2013, the twelve-year bull run of gold ended. 2013 opened near the annual high, and the price declined approximately 29 percent over the year to $1,204.50 per ounce on December 30, 2013. For 2013, the price of gold was impacted, in part, by improving sentiment towards the U.S. economy, which contributed to a strengthening of the U.S. dollar and equities, luring investors away from gold in the process. During 2014, the underlying driver behind investor sentiment of gold was global monetary policy. On one end, the improving economic conditions in the United States (along with the announcement of the Federal Reserve Board’s tapering measures at the end of 2013) diminished demand for gold for U.S. investors, while loosening of monetary policy in other advanced and emerging markets enhanced demand for gold globally, causing gold prices to fluctuate between a low of $1,132.00 and a high of $1,392.00 per ounce. Gold prices deteriorated throughout 2015, in part as a result of the Federal Reserve Board’s announcement that it would raise interest rates as well as a significant rally of the U.S. dollar index, falling to $1,060.00 per ounce on December 30, 2015. However, the price of gold rebounded during the first half of 2016. In July 2016, gold prices experienced a rapid increase following the United Kingdom’s referendum held on June 23, 2016 to leave the European Union (i.e., “Brexit”), reaching a 28-month high of $1,366.25 per ounce on July 6, 2016. The initial market volatility and negative sentiment in connection with Brexit has somewhat subsided and gold prices have receded from the high prices displayed during July 2016, leveling off at prices similarly exhibited during the beginning of 2016. In the first half of 2017, physical demand was up 17% compared to the same period a year earlier. In September 2017, gold prices rose to their highest level for thirteen months, but then slipped to a near five-month low by mid-December. Gold started 2018 strongly, extending the rally that followed the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike in December 2017. This rally hit a barrier just below $1,360.00 in late January. On July 31, 2018, the price of gold was at $1,226.04, the lowest level since December 13, 2017. Geopolitical tensions and uncertainties, however, are forecasted to have a positive impact on the price of gold and drive investment through the end of the year.

As of August 29, 2018, the price of gold was $1,204.35 per ounce.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Trust is not aware of any trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in material changes to its liquidity needs. In exchange for the Initial Depositor’s fee, the Initial Depositor has agreed to assume the expenses incurred by the Trust.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Trust has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Trust prepares its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Trust has adopted the provisions of Topic 946, Investment Companies, and follows specialized accounting. As a result of the adoption of this provision, the Trust records its investment in gold at fair value and expects that there will be fluctuations in the value of investments based on changes in the price of gold.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Trust does not engage in transactions in foreign currencies which could expose the Trust or holders of Gold Deposit Receipts to any foreign currency related market risk. The Trust does not invest in any derivative financial instruments or long-term debt instruments. The Trust’s sole business activity is the investment in gold, and substantially all the Trust’s assets are holdings of gold which creates a concentration of risk associated with fluctuations in the price of gold.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Trust maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and that such information is accumulated and communicated to an executive or senior officer of the Initial Depositor familiar with and responsible for supervising the Trust and its operations, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of an executive or senior officer of the Initial Depositor, the Initial Depositor conducted an evaluation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on this evaluation, the designated officer of the Initial Depositor concluded that, as of July 31, 2018, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There have been no changes in the Trust’s or Initial Depositor’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Trust’s most recent fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s or Initial Depositor’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Trust’s prospectus dated July 27, 2018 that forms a part of the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-226132).

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There have been no changes in auditors and no disagreements with auditors during the Trust’s fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2018.

Item 6.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Not applicable.

Item 7.

Executive Compensation

Not applicable.

Item 8.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Not applicable.

Item 9.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

On May 11, 2017, the Trust entered into the Second Amended and Restated Depositary Trust Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, BNY Trust of Delaware, Bank of Montreal and BMO Capital Markets Corp. On July 11, 2018, the Trust entered into the Second Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement with Bank of Montreal and BMO Capital Markets Corp.

Item 10.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Audit Fees. Bank of Montreal, as Initial Depositor, was billed $57,500 for professional services rendered by KPMG LLP.

All Other Fees. There were no other fees billed for products or services provided by KPMG LLP, other than those reported in this Item 10.

Item 11.

Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 12. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description

1.1	Second Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement by and among the Vaulted Gold Bullion Trust, Bank of Montreal and BMO Capital Markets Cop. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-226132) filed July 11, 2018).*

1.2	Second Amended and Restated Depositary Trust Agreement by and among Bank of Montreal, BMO Capital Markets Corp., The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee and BNY Mellon Trust of Delaware, as Delaware Trustee, and included as an exhibit thereto, form of Gold Deposit Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 12, 2017).^*

10.1	Form of Gold Carrier Agreement by and among Bank of Montreal and carrier (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-211858) filed June 6, 2016).^*

31.1	Certificate pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1	Certificate pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

^*Previously filed.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned in the capacities thereunto duly authorized.

	BANK OF MONTREAL
	Initial Depositor of the Vaulted Gold Bullion Trust
	(Registrant)


Date: September 14, 2018	/s/ Abid Chaudry
	Head, Global Structured Products BMO Capital Markets*

Date: September 14, 2018	/s/ Kristina Germain
	*Assistant Corporate Secretary

* The Registrant is a trust and the persons are signing in their capacities as officers of Bank of Montreal, the Initial Depositor of the Registrant.