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Segment Reporting - Additional Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Segment
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Account
Borrower
Client
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Number of reportable operating segments | Segment 4        
Loans, net $ 105,122   $ 105,122 $ 111,070  
Servicing revenue     $ 290 304 $ 340
Number of clients for business processing services | Client     600    
Accounts receivable 108   $ 108 95  
Total assets 114,991   $ 114,991 121,136  
Default Aversion Service [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Deferred asset recovery revenue recognized   $ 47      
Minimum [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Number of borrowers helped to successfully rehabilitate loans | Borrower     261,000    
Great Lakes [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Servicing revenue     $ 238 172  
Great Lakes [Member] | Default Aversion Service [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Deferred asset recovery revenue recognized     47    
Consumer Lending Segment [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Loans, net 23,419   $ 23,419 23,340  
Number of years experience     40 years    
Total assets 25,268   $ 25,268 25,569  
Business Processing [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total assets 466   466 373  
Business Processing [Member] | Nonfederal Education Loan [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Accounts receivable 11,400   11,400 10,100 9,900
Other Segment [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total assets 2,100   $ 2,100 1,900  
Department of Education [Member] | Federal Education Loans [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Number of contracts under ED servicing contract | Account     6,100,000    
Loans under service contract 205,900   $ 205,900    
Revenue from servicing contract     150    
Earnest [Member] | Consumer Lending Segment [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Private education refinance loans originated     900    
Private Education Refinance Loan [Member] | Consumer Lending Segment [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Loans, net 761   761    
Private Education Loans [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Loans, net 23,419   23,419 23,340  
Private Education Loans [Member] | Consumer Lending Segment [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Loans, net $ 23,400   $ 23,400    
Loan portfolio amortization period weighted average life     20 years    
Amortization period     6 years    
Percentage of loans funded through securitization debt 55.00%   55.00%    
ED Asset Recovery and Servicing Contracts [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Allocation methodology description     Since 2009, Navient has been one of four TIVAS that provides loan servicing for federal loans owned by ED. We continually strive to help our customers successfully navigate the repayment of their loans. Under the contract, we seek to improve on the performance metrics that determine the allocation of new accounts under the servicing contract with ED    
FFELP Loans [Member]          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Loans, net $ 81,703   $ 81,703 87,730  
Loan portfolio amortization period weighted average life     20 years    
Amortization period     7 years    
Loans purchased, unpaid principal amount $ 5,700   $ 5,700 $ 3,600 $ 3,700
Percentage of general guaranty agreements of FFELP loans     97.00%    
Percentage of loans funded through securitization debt 84.00%   84.00%