N-1A/A 1 peano2.htm peano2.htm

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 17, 2014.
 
                      File No. 333-195493
File No. 811-22961
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933(X)
 
Pre-Effective Amendment No. _2_
 
Post-Effective Amendment No. __
 
and/or
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940(X)
Amendment No. _2_
 
Alpha Architect ETF Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
 
213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, Pennsylvania 19008
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
 
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code (215) 882-9983
 
Wesley R. Gray
213 Foxcroft Road
Broomall, Pennsylvania 19008
(Name and Address of Agent for Service of Process)
 
 
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:  As soon as practicable following the effective date of this registration statement.
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Empowered Funds, LLC
 
Prospectus
 
October 20, 2014
 
ValueShares U.S.
 
Quantitative Value ETF
Ticker Symbol: QVAL
   
ValueShares International
 
Quantitative Value ETF*
Ticker Symbol: IVAL
   
MomentumShares U.S.
 
Quantitative Momentum ETF*
Ticker Symbol: QMOM
   
MomentumShares International
 
Quantitative Momentum ETF*
Ticker Symbol: IMOM
 
 
* The Funds listed above with an asterisk (*) have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus and, therefore, are currently not offered for sale to or available for purchase by shareholders.
 
This Prospectus provides important information about the ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF, MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF (each, a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”), each of which is a series of the Alpha Architect ETF Trust (the “Trust”), that you should know before investing.  Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
 
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
Shares of each of the Funds (“Shares”) will be listed and traded on the BATS Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”).

 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
 
FUND SUMMARIES
 
 
VALUESHARES U.S. QUANTITATIVE VALUE ETF
1
 
VALUESHARES INTERNATIONAL QUANTITATIVE VALUE ETF
6
 
MOMENTUMSHARES U.S. QUANTITATIVE MOMENTUM ETF
11
 
MOMENTUMSHARES INTERNATIONAL QUANTITATIVE MOMENTUM ETF
16
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
21
FUND MANAGEMENT
33
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
35
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
36
ACTIVE INVESTORS AND MARKET TIMING
38
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN
38
NET ASSET VALUE
39
FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
40
INVESTMENTS BY OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
40
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
41
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
44
 
 
 
ii

 
 
FUND SUMMARY
 
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
 
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
FEES AND EXPENSES
 
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of the Fund.  The investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table.
 
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (EXPENSES THAT YOU PAY EACH YEAR AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT)
 
Management Fee:
0.79%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees:(1)
0.00%
Other Expenses:*
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses:*
0.79%
 
*  Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
 
( 1)  Pursuant to the Plan, the Fund may bear a 12b-1 fee not to exceed 0.25% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets.  However, no such fee is currently paid by the Fund, and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.
 
EXAMPLE
 
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.  The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods.  The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
One Year:
   
Three Years:
 
 
$81    $252    
 
 
- 1 -

 
 
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
 
The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.  Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, it does not have a portfolio turnover rate to provide.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S. equity securities that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, are undervalued at the time of purchase and have the potential for capital appreciation.  A security is undervalued when it trades at a price below the price at which the Adviser believes it would trade if the market reflected all factors relating to the issuer’s worth.  In choosing investments that are undervalued, the Adviser focuses on companies that it believes show indications of quality and financial strength but have security prices that are low relative to current operating earnings and/or are currently viewed unfavorably by equity research analysts.
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of U.S. companies.  The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of U.S. companies.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 U.S. equity securities as determined by its quantitative value factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least semi-annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund and therefore may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers than a diversified fund.
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 
An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below.  There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  An investor may lose money by
 
 
- 2 -

 
 
investing in the Fund.  An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency.
 
Management Risk.  The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes.  There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will produce the intended results and no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
 
Value Style Investing Risk.  A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated by the Adviser if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value and bid up the price, the markets favor faster-growing companies or the factors that the Adviser believes will increase the price of the security do not occur.  Cyclical stocks in which the Fund may invest tend to lose value more quickly in periods of anticipated economic downturns than non-cyclical stocks. Companies that may be considered out of favor, particularly companies emerging from bankruptcy, may tend to lose value more quickly in periods of anticipated economic downturns, may have difficulty retaining customers and suppliers and, during economic downturns, may have difficulty paying their debt obligations or finding additional financing.
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk.  Data for some companies may be less available and/or less current than data for companies in other markets.  The Adviser uses a quantitative model to generate investment decisions and its processes and stock selection could be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data.  In addition, securities selected using the quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.
 
Equity Investing Risk.  An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices.  The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments.  In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.
 
Investment Risk.  When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
 
Premium-Discount Risk.  The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”).  The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on BATS Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”).  The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk.  Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker.  Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.
 
 
- 3 -

 
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk.  Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies.  These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies.  Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.
 
Trading Risk.  Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained.  In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.
 
Non-Diversification Risk.  Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk.  The Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.
 
PERFORMANCE
 
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.  Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year.  When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance.  Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.  Once the Fund has commenced operations, you can obtain updated performance information at www.valueshares.com.
 
INVESTMENT ADVISER
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
Messrs. Wesley R. Gray, Patrick Cleary, David Foulke, Carl Kanner, John Vogel, Tao Wang and Yang Xu are the portfolio managers for the Fund and have managed the Fund since its inception.
 
PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
 
The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”  Creation Units are issued and redeemed in-kind for securities and/or for cash.  Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in
 
 
- 4 -

 
 
secondary market transactions through brokers.  Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.  Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV.
 
TAX INFORMATION
 
The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
 
PURCHASES THROUGH BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
 
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services.  These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment.  Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
- 5 -

 
 
FUND SUMMARY
 
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF
 
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
FEES AND EXPENSES
 
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of the Fund.  The investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table.
 
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (EXPENSES THAT YOU PAY EACH YEAR AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT)
 
Management Fee:
0.99%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees:(1)
0.00%
Other Expenses:*
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses:*
0.99%
 
*  Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
 
(1)  Pursuant to the Plan, the Fund may bear a 12b-1 fee not to exceed 0.25% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets.  However, no such fee is currently paid by the Fund, and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.
 
EXAMPLE
 
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.  The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods.  The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
One Year:
 
Three Years:
 
 
$101   $315    
 
 
 
 
- 6 -

 
 
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
 
The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.  Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, it does not have a portfolio turnover rate to provide.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily - generally greater than 80%, but at least 65% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes - in equity securities of international companies that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, are undervalued at the time of purchase and have the potential for capital appreciation.  A security is undervalued when it trades at a price below the price at which the Adviser believes it would trade if the market reflected all factors relating to the issuer’s worth.  In choosing investments that are undervalued, the Adviser focuses on companies that it believes show indications of quality and financial strength but have security prices that are low relative to current operating earnings and/or are currently viewed unfavorably by equity research analysts.
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of international companies and depositary receipts.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 international equity securities as determined by its quantitative value factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund and therefore may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers than a diversified fund.
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 
An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below.  There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  An investor may lose money by
 
 
- 7 -

 
 
investing in the Fund.  An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency.
 
Management Risk.  The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes.  There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will produce the intended results and no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
 
Foreign Investment Risk.  Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Investments in or exposures to foreign securities are subject to special risks, including risks associated with foreign securities generally, including differences in information available about issuers of securities and investor protection standards applicable in other jurisdictions; capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; currency risks; political, diplomatic and economic risks; regulatory risks; and foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions.
 
Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), are substantially similar to Foreign Investment Risk. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of the underlying foreign securities, and their value may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.
 
Value Style Investing Risk.  A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated by the Adviser if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value and bid up the price, the markets favor faster-growing companies or the factors that the Adviser believes will increase the price of the security do not occur.  Cyclical stocks in which the Fund may invest tend to lose value more quickly in periods of anticipated economic downturns than non-cyclical stocks. Companies that may be considered out of favor, particularly companies emerging from bankruptcy, may tend to lose value more quickly in periods of anticipated economic downturns, may have difficulty retaining customers and suppliers and, during economic downturns, may have difficulty paying their debt obligations or finding additional financing.
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk.  Data for some companies may be less available and/or less current than data for companies in other markets.  The Adviser uses a quantitative model to generate investment decisions and its processes and stock selection could be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data.  In addition, securities selected using the quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.
 
Equity Investing Risk.  An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices.  The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments.  In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.
 
 
- 8 -

 
 
Investment Risk.  When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
 
Premium-Discount Risk.  The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”).  The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on BATS Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”).  The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk.  Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker.  Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk.  Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies.  These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies.  Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.
 
Trading Risk.  Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained.  In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.
 
Non-Diversification Risk.  Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk.  The Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.
 
PERFORMANCE
 
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.  Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year.  When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance.  Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.  Once the Fund has commenced operations, you can obtain updated performance information at www.valueshares.com.
 
 
- 9 -

 
 
INVESTMENT ADVISER
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
Messrs. Wesley R. Gray, Patrick Cleary, David Foulke, Carl Kanner, John Vogel, Tao Wang and Yang Xu are the portfolio managers for the Fund and have managed the Fund since its inception.
 
PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
 
The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”  Creation Units are issued and redeemed in-kind for securities and/or for cash.  Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers.  Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.  Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV.
 
TAX INFORMATION
 
The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
 
PURCHASES THROUGH BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
 
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services.  These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment.  Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
- 10 -

 
 
FUND SUMMARY
 
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF
 
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
FEES AND EXPENSES
 
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of the Fund.  The investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table.
 
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (EXPENSES THAT YOU PAY EACH YEAR AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT)
 
Management Fee:
0.79%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees:(1)
0.00%
Other Expenses:*
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses:*
0.79%
 
*  Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
 
(1)  Pursuant to the Plan, the Fund may bear a 12b-1 fee not to exceed 0.25% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets.  However, no such fee is currently paid by the Fund, and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.
 
EXAMPLE
 
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.  The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods.  The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
One Year:
 
Three Years:
 
 
$81   $252    
 
 
- 11 -

 
 
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
 
The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.  Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, it does not have a portfolio turnover rate to provide.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S. equity securities that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, have positive momentum.  A “momentum” style of investing emphasizes investing in securities that have had higher recent total return performance compared to other securities.
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of U.S. companies.  The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of U.S. companies.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 U.S. equity securities as determined by its quantitative momentum factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time.  The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least semi-annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund and therefore may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers than a diversified fund.
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 
An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below.  There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund.  An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency.
 
 
- 12 -

 
 
Management Risk.  The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes.  There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will produce the intended results and no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
 
Momentum Style Risk.  Investing in or having exposure to securities with positive momentum entails investing in securities that have had above-average recent returns.  These securities may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities.  Returns on securities that have previously exhibited momentum may be less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market.  Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments, and stocks that previously exhibited high momentum may not experience continued positive momentum.  In addition, there may be periods when the momentum style is out of favor, and during which the investment performance of the Fund using a momentum strategy may suffer.
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk.  Data for some companies may be less available and/or less current than data for companies in other markets.  The Adviser uses a quantitative model to generate investment decisions and its processes and stock selection could be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data.  In addition, securities selected using the quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.
 
Equity Investing Risk.  An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices.  The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments.  In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.
 
Investment Risk.  When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
 
Premium-Discount Risk.  The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”).  The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on BATS Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”).  The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk.  Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker.  Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk.  Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies.  These companies’ securities may be more
 
 
- 13 -

 
 
volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies.  Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.
 
Trading Risk.  Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained.  In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.
 
Non-Diversification Risk.  Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk.  The Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.
 
PERFORMANCE
 
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.  Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year.  When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance.  Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.  Once the Fund has commenced operations, you can obtain updated performance information at www.momentumshares.com.
 
INVESTMENT ADVISER
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
Messrs. Wesley R. Gray, Patrick Cleary, David Foulke, Carl Kanner, John Vogel, Tao Wang and Yang Xu are the portfolio managers for the Fund and have managed the Fund since its inception.
 
PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
 
The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”  Creation Units are issued and redeemed in-kind for securities and/or for cash.  Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers.  Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.  Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV.
 
 
- 14 -

 
 
TAX INFORMATION
 
The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
 
PURCHASES THROUGH BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
 
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services.  These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment.  Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
- 15 -

 
 
FUND SUMMARY
 
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF
 
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
FEES AND EXPENSES
 
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of the Fund.  The investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table.
 
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (EXPENSES THAT YOU PAY EACH YEAR AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE VALUE OF YOUR INVESTMENT)
 
Management Fee:
0.99%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees:(1)
0.00%
Other Expenses:*
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses:*
0.99%
 
*  Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
 
(1)  Pursuant to the Plan, the Fund may bear a 12b-1 fee not to exceed 0.25% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets.  However, no such fee is currently paid by the Fund, and the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.
 
EXAMPLE
 
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.  The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods.  The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same.  You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
One Year:
 
Three Years:
 
 
$101   $315    
 
 
- 16 -

 
 
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
 
The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.  Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, it does not have a portfolio turnover rate to provide.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily - generally greater than 80%, but at least 65% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes - in equity securities of international companies that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, have positive momentum.  A “momentum” style of investing emphasizes investing in securities that have had higher recent total return performance compared to other securities.
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of international companies and depositary receipts.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 international equity securities as determined by its quantitative momentum factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund and therefore may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers than a diversified fund.
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 
An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below.  There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund.  An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency.
 
 
- 17 -

 
 
Management Risk.  The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes.  There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will produce the intended results and no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
 
Foreign Investment Risk.  Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Investments in or exposures to foreign securities are subject to special risks, including risks associated with foreign securities generally, including differences in information available about issuers of securities and investor protection standards applicable in other jurisdictions; capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; currency risks; political, diplomatic and economic risks; regulatory risks; and foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions.
 
Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), are substantially similar to Foreign Investment Risk. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of the underlying foreign securities, and their value may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.
 
Momentum Style Risk.  Investing in or having exposure to securities with positive momentum entails investing in securities that have had above-average recent returns.  These securities may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities.  Returns on securities that have previously exhibited momentum may be less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market.  Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments, and stocks that previously exhibited high momentum may not experience continued positive momentum.  In addition, there may be periods when the momentum style is out of favor, and during which the investment performance of the Fund using a momentum strategy may suffer.
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk.  Data for some companies may be less available and/or less current than data for companies in other markets.  The Adviser uses a quantitative model to generate investment decisions and its processes and stock selection could be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data.  In addition, securities selected using the quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.
 
Equity Investing Risk.  An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices.  The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments.  In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.
 
Investment Risk.  When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
 
 
- 18 -

 
 
 
Premium-Discount Risk.  The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”).  The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on BATS Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”).  The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk.  Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker.  Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk.  Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies.  These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies.  Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.
 
Trading Risk.  Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained.  In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.
 
Non-Diversification Risk.  Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk.  The Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.
 
PERFORMANCE
 
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.  Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year.  When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance.  Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.  Once the Fund has commenced operations, you can obtain updated performance information at www.momentumshares.com.
 
INVESTMENT ADVISER
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.
 
 
- 19 -

 
 
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
Messrs. Wesley R. Gray, Patrick Cleary, David Foulke, Carl Kanner, John Vogel, Tao Wang and Yang Xu are the portfolio managers for the Fund and have managed the Fund since its inception.
 
PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
 
The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”  Creation Units are issued and redeemed in-kind for securities and/or for cash.  Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers.  Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.  Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV.
 
TAX INFORMATION
 
The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, in which case your distributions generally will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
 
PURCHASES THROUGH BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
 
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services.  These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment.  Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
- 20 -

 
 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
 
HOW Are THE FUNDS DIFFERENT FROM MUTUAL FUNDS?
 
Redeemability.  Mutual fund shares may be bought from, and redeemed with, the issuing fund for cash at NAV typically calculated once at the end of the business day.  Shares of the Funds, by contrast, cannot be purchased from or redeemed with the Funds except by or through APs (defined below), and then typically for an in-kind basket of securities (and a limited cash amount) or cash amount.  In addition, the Funds issue and redeem Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”
 
Exchange Listing.  Unlike mutual fund shares, Shares will be listed for trading on the Exchange.  Investors can purchase and sell Shares on the secondary market through a broker.  Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges.  Secondary-market transactions do not occur at NAV, but at market prices that change throughout the day, based on the supply of, and demand for, Shares and on changes in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.  The market price of Shares may differ from the NAV of a Fund.  The difference between market price of Shares and the NAV of a Fund is called a premium when the market price is above the reported NAV and called a discount when the market price is below the reported NAV, and the difference is expected to be small most of the time, though it may be significant, especially in times of extreme market volatility.
 
Tax Treatment.  Shares have been designed to be tax-efficient.  Specifically, their in-kind creation and redemption feature has been designed to protect Fund shareholders from adverse tax consequences applicable to registered investment companies as a result of cash transactions in the registered investment company’s shares, including cash redemptions.  Nevertheless, to the extent redemptions from the Funds are paid in cash, the Funds may realize capital gains or losses, including in some cases short-term capital gains, upon the sale of portfolio securities to generate the cash to satisfy the redemption.  Because the Funds are actively managed, they may generate more taxable gains for shareholders than passively-managed exchange-traded funds, particularly during the Funds’ growth stages when portfolio changes are more likely to be implemented within the Funds rather than through the in-kind creation and redemption mechanism.
 
Transparency.  Each Fund’s portfolio holdings are disclosed on its website daily after the close of trading on the Exchange and prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange the following day.  A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
 
Premium/Discount Information.  Information about the premiums and discounts at which the Funds’ Shares have traded will be available at www.valueshares.com for the ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF and ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF (the “ValueShares ETFs”) and www.momentumshares.com for the MomentumShares U.S.
 
 
- 21 -

 
 
Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF (the “MomentumShares ETFs”).
 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
 
This Prospectus does not describe all of the Funds’ investment practices.  For more information about other types of investments a Fund may make, and about the risks of investing in each Fund, please see the Funds’ SAI, which is available upon request.  Each Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without a vote of shareholders upon at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
 
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF.
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.  Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S. equity securities that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, are undervalued at the time of purchase and have the potential for capital appreciation.
 
In choosing investments that are undervalued, the Adviser focuses on companies that it believes show indications of quality and financial strength but have security prices that are low relative to current operating earnings and/or are currently viewed unfavorably by equity research analysts.
 
A security is undervalued when it trades at a price below the price at which the Adviser believes it would trade if the market reflected all factors relating to the issuer’s worth.  The Adviser may consider a company to be undervalued in the marketplace relative to its underlying asset values because of overreaction by investors to unfavorable news about a company, an industry or the stock market in general, or as a result of a market decline, poor economic conditions, tax-loss selling, or actual or anticipated unfavorable developments affecting a company. The types of companies the Fund may invest in include those that are attempting to recover from business setbacks or bankruptcy, or adverse events (turnarounds) or cyclical downturns.  In addition to price, the Fund, in choosing an investment, may consider a variety of other factors that may identify the issuer as a potential turnaround candidate or takeover target, such as ownership of valuable franchises, trademarks or trade names, control of distribution networks and market share for particular products. Purchase decisions may also be influenced by income, company buy-backs and insider purchases and sales.
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of U.S. companies.  The Fund’s 80% policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change.
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of U.S. companies.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
 
- 22 -

 
 
 
For purposes of the Fund’s investments, securities of U.S. companies include the securities of any company organized outside of the United States: (a) that is included in the Fund’s benchmark index, the S&P 500® Index; (b) that has its headquarters or principal location of operations in the United States; (c) whose primary listing is on a securities exchange or market in the United States; or (d) that derives a majority of its revenues in the United States.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 U.S. equity securities as determined by its quantitative value factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least semi-annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund. It generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
 
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF.
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.  Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily - generally greater than 80%, but at least 65% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes - in equity securities of international companies that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, are undervalued at the time of purchase and have the potential for capital appreciation.
 
In choosing investments that are undervalued, the Adviser focuses on companies that it believes show indications of quality and financial strength but have security prices that are low relative to current operating earnings and/or are currently viewed unfavorably by equity research analysts.
 
A security is undervalued when it trades at a price below the price at which the Adviser believes it would trade if the market reflected all factors relating to the issuer’s worth.  The Adviser may consider a company to be undervalued in the marketplace relative to its underlying asset values because of overreaction by investors to unfavorable news about a company, an industry or the stock market in general, or as a result of a market decline, poor economic conditions, tax-loss selling, or actual or anticipated unfavorable developments affecting a company. The types of companies the Fund may invest in include those that are attempting to recover from business setbacks or bankruptcy, or adverse events (turnarounds) or cyclical downturns.  In addition to price, the Fund, in choosing an investment, may consider a variety of other factors that may identify the issuer as a potential turnaround candidate or takeover target, such as ownership of valuable franchises, trademarks or trade names, control of distribution networks and market
 
 
- 23 -

 
 
share for particular products. Purchase decisions may also be influenced by income, company buy-backs and insider purchases and sales.
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of international companies and depositary receipts.  The Fund invests its assets in investments that are economically tied to a number of countries throughout the world.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
For purposes of the Fund’s investments, securities of international companies include the securities of any company (a) that is organized outside of the United States; (b) that is included in the Fund’s benchmark index, the MSCI EAFE Index; (c) that has its headquarters or principal location of operations in a country outside of the United States; (d) whose primary listing is on a securities exchange or market outside of the United States; or (e) that derives a majority of its revenues outside of the United States.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 international equity securities as determined by its quantitative value factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund. It generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
 
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF.
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.  Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S. equity securities that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, have positive momentum.  A “momentum” style of investing emphasizes investing in securities that have had higher recent total return performance compared to other securities.
 
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of U.S. companies.  The Fund’s 80% policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change.
 
 
- 24 -

 
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of U.S. companies.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
For purposes of the Fund’s investments, securities of U.S. companies include the securities of any company organized outside of the United States: (a) that is included in the Fund’s benchmark index, the S&P 500® Index; (b) that has its headquarters or principal location of operations in the United States; (c) whose primary listing is on a securities exchange or market in the United States; or (d) that derives a majority of its revenues in the United States.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 U.S. equity securities as determined by its quantitative momentum factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time. The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least semi-annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund. It generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
 
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF.
 
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.  Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily - generally greater than 80%, but at least 65% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes - in equity securities of international companies that the Adviser believes, based on quantitative analysis, have positive momentum.  A “momentum” style of investing emphasizes investing in securities that have had higher recent total return performance compared to other securities.
 
The Fund will invest primarily in the exchange-listed common stock of international companies and depositary receipts.  The Fund invests its assets in investments that are economically tied to a number of countries throughout the world.  The Fund may invest in securities of companies in any industry and of any market capitalization. Although the Fund generally expects to invest in companies with larger market capitalizations, the Fund may invest in small- and mid-capitalization companies.
 
For purposes of the Fund’s investments, securities of international companies include the securities of any company (a) that is organized outside of the United States; (b) that is included in the Fund’s benchmark index, the MSCI EAFE Index; (c) that has its headquarters or principal
 
 
- 25 -

 
 
location of operations in a country outside of the United States; (d) whose primary listing is on a securities exchange or market outside of the United States; or (e) that derives a majority of its revenues outside of the United States.
 
The Fund is an actively managed ETF and thus does not seek to replicate the performance of a specific index.  Rather, the Adviser has discretion on a daily basis to actively manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative model to identify which securities the Fund might purchase and sell as well as opportune times for purchases and sales. While the Fund will invest in approximately 50 international equity securities as determined by its quantitative momentum factors, the quantity of holdings in the Fund will be based on a number of factors, including the asset size of the Fund and the number of companies that satisfy the Adviser’s quantitative measurements at any one time.  The Fund’s portfolio will be rebalanced to the Adviser’s internal target allocations, developed pursuant to the Adviser’s strategy described above, at least annually.
 
The Fund is a non-diversified fund. It generally invests a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one or more issuers and invests overall in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
 
Temporary Defensive Positions. To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Adviser may invest up to 100% of a Fund’s assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments.  Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, and other money market instruments. The Adviser also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, a Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective.
 
 
 
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Additional Information About the Funds’ Risks
 
The table below provides additional information about the risks of investing in each Fund, including the principal risks identified under “Principal Risks” in each Fund Summary.  Following the table, each risk is explained.
 
Risks
 
ValueShares
U.S. Quantitative
Value ETF
 
ValueShares
International
Quantitative
Value ETF
 
MomentumShares
U.S. Quantitative
Momentum ETF
 
MomentumShares
International
Quantitative
Momentum ETF
Principal Risks
             
 
 
Management Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Foreign Investment Risk
     
X
     
X
 
Value Style Investing Risk
 
X
 
X
     
 
 
Momentum Style Risk
         
X
 
X
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Equity Investing Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Investment Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Premium-Discount Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Trading Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Non-Diversification Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
X
 
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 
Management Risk.  The Funds are actively managed and use proprietary investment strategies and processes.  There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will produce the intended results and no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its investment objective or outperform other investment strategies over the short- or long-term market cycles.  Securities selected by the Adviser may not perform as expected.  This could result in a Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
 
Foreign Investment Risk.  The ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF may invest in foreign securities,
 
 
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including non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded outside of the United States and U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States.  Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Investments in foreign securities, including investments in ADRs, European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are subject to special risks, including the following:
 
Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Changes to the financial condition or credit rating of foreign issuers may also adversely affect the value of a Fund’s securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when a Fund does not price its Shares, the value of the securities in a Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell a Fund’s Shares. Conversely, Fund Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Each of these factors can make investments in a Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.
 
Capital Controls Risk. Economic conditions, such as volatile currency exchange rates and interest rates, political events and other conditions may, without prior warning, lead to government intervention and the imposition of “capital controls” or expropriation or nationalization of assets. The possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions, might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Capital controls include the prohibition of, or restrictions on, the ability to transfer currency, securities or other assets within or out of a jurisdiction. Levies may be placed on profits repatriated by foreign entities (such as a Fund). Capital controls may impact the ability of a Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities or currency, may adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares of a Fund, and may cause a Fund to decline in value.
 
Depositary Receipt Risk. A Fund’s investments in foreign companies may be in the form of depositary receipts, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs.  ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are generally subject to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities and, in some cases, there may be less information available about the underlying issuers than would be the case with a direct investment in the foreign issuer. ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts representing shares of foreign-based corporations. GDRs are similar to ADRs but are shares of foreign-based corporations generally issued by international banks in one or more markets around the world. Investment in ADRs and GDRs may be less liquid than the underlying
 
 
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shares in their primary trading market and GDRs may be more volatile. Depositary receipts may be “sponsored” or “unsponsored” and may be unregistered and unlisted. Sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer, whereas unsponsored depositary receipts may be established by a depositary without participation by the underlying issuer. Holders of an unsponsored depositary receipt generally bear all the costs associated with establishing the unsponsored depositary receipt. In addition, the issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. In general, ADRs must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored ADRs under certain limited circumstances. It is expected that not more than 10% of the net assets of a Fund will be invested in unsponsored ADRs.  A Fund’s investments may also include ADRs and GDRs that are not purchased in the public markets and are restricted securities that can be offered and sold only to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Adviser will determine the liquidity of these investments pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. If a particular investment in such ADRs or GDRs is deemed illiquid, that investment will be included within a Fund’s limitation on investment in illiquid securities. Moreover, if adverse market conditions were to develop during the period between a Fund’s decision to sell these types of ADRs or GDRs and the point at which the Fund is permitted or able to sell such security, the Fund might obtain a price less favorable than the price that prevailed when it decided to sell.
 
Currency Risk. Each Fund’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars; therefore, a Fund may lose value if the local currency of a foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, even if the local currency value of a Fund’s holdings goes up. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention; by failure to intervene by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks; or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the NAV of a Fund and the price of a Fund’s Shares. Devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority would have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency.
 
Political and Economic Risk. A Fund is subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events (civil unrest, national elections, changes in political conditions and foreign relations, imposition of exchange controls and repatriation restrictions), social and economic events (labor strikes, rising inflation) and natural disasters occurring in a foreign country could cause a Fund’s investments to experience gains or losses. A Fund also could be unable to enforce its ownership rights or pursue legal remedies in countries where it invests.
 
Foreign Market and Trading Risk. The trading markets for many foreign securities are not as active as U.S. markets and may have less governmental regulation and oversight. Foreign markets also may have clearance and settlement procedures that make it difficult for a Fund to buy and sell securities. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and
 
 
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custody (holding of a Fund’s assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. These factors could result in a loss to a Fund by causing the Fund to be unable to dispose of an investment or to miss an attractive investment opportunity, or by causing Fund assets to be uninvested for some period of time.
 
Value Style Investing Risk.  A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated by the Adviser if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value or the factors that the Adviser believes will increase the price of the security do not occur.
 
A Fund’s policy of investing in securities that may be out of favor, including turnarounds, cyclical companies, companies reporting poor earnings and companies whose share prices have declined sharply or that are less widely followed by other investors, differs from the approach followed by many other funds.
 
Cyclical stocks in which a Fund may invest tend to increase in value more quickly during periods of anticipated economic upturns than noncyclical stocks, but they also tend to lose value more quickly in periods of anticipated economic downturns. Companies emerging from bankruptcy may have difficulty retaining customers and suppliers. These companies may have relatively weak balance sheets and, during economic downturns, they may have insufficient cash flow to pay their debt obligations and difficulty finding additional financing needed for their operations.
 
Momentum Style Risk.  Investing in or having exposure to securities with positive momentum entails investing in securities that have had above-average recent returns.  These securities may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities.  Returns on securities that have previously exhibited momentum may be less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market.  Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments, and stocks that previously exhibited high momentum may not experience continued positive momentum.  In addition, there may be periods when the momentum style is out of favor, and during which the investment performance of a Fund using a momentum strategy may suffer.
 
Quantitative Security Selection Risk  Data for some issuers may be less available and/or less current than data for issuers in other markets.  The quantitative model used by the Adviser to generate investment decisions for a Fund and its processes and stock selection could be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data.  In addition, securities selected using a quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.  The factors used in such analyses may not be predictive of a security’s value and its effectiveness can change over time.  These changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model.
 
Equity Investing Risk.  An investment in a Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices.  The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments.  Different types of equity securities tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the general securities markets.  In
 
 
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addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.  Recent unprecedented turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which may have an adverse effect on a Fund.
 
Investment Risk.  As with all investments, an investment in a Fund is subject to investment risk.  Investors in a Fund could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of an investment, over short or long periods of time.
 
Premium-Discount Risk.  The Shares may trade above or below their NAV.  The NAV of a Fund will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings.  The market prices of Shares, however, will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange.  The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility.  The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade below, at or above their NAV.  Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares will be closely related to, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities held by a Fund.  However, given that Shares can be purchased and redeemed in large blocks of Shares, called Creation Units (unlike shares of closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their NAV), and a Fund’s portfolio holdings are fully disclosed on a daily basis, the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of Shares should not be sustained, but that may not be the case.
 
Secondary Market Trading Risk.  Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker.  Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.  In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price).  This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”  The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if a Fund’s Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if a Fund’s Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity.  Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads.
 
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk.  Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies.  These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies.  These securities may have returns that vary, sometimes significantly, from the overall securities market.  Small and medium capitalization companies are sometimes more dependent on key personnel or limited product lines than larger, more diversified companies.  Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.
 
 
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Trading Risk.  Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained.  In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable.  Further, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules.  There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of a Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
 
Non-Diversification Risk.  A Fund may be more sensitive to a single economic, business, political, regulatory or other occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s shares and to a greater risk of loss.
 
Portfolio Turnover Risk.  A Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase a Fund’s brokerage commission costs. The performance of a Fund could be negatively impacted by the increased brokerage commission costs incurred by the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.
 
 
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FUND MANAGEMENT
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) acts as each Fund’s investment adviser.  The Adviser is located at 213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008 and is an indirect subsidiary of Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage (“Empiritrage”).  The Adviser is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.  The Adviser was founded in October 2013.  Together, the Adviser and its affiliates managed approximately $170 million as of July 31, 2014.
 
The Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management and business affairs of the Funds, and has discretion to purchase and sell securities in accordance with the Funds’ objectives, policies and restrictions.  The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Funds’ investment programs.  Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays the Adviser an annual advisory fee based on its average daily net assets for the services and facilities it provides payable at the annual rates set forth in the table below:
 
Fund
Advisory Fee
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
0.79%
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF
0.99%
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF
0.79%
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF
0.99%
 
The Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing these advisory services and all expenses of the Funds, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under each Fund’s Plan, brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  The Advisory Agreement for a Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
Messrs. Wesley R. Gray, Patrick Cleary, David Foulke, Carl Kanner, John Vogel, Tao Wang and Yang Xu are the portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds.
 
Wesley R. Gray, Ph.D., is the founder and Executive Managing Member of the Adviser, and has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Dr. Gray is also the founder and Executive Managing Member of Empiritrage, an investment advisory firm specializing in quantitative strategies that exploit persistent behavioral bias. Dr. Gray has published two books: Embedded: A Marine Corps Adviser Inside the Iraqi Army and Quantitative Value: A Practitioner’s Guide to Automating Intelligent Investment and Eliminating Behavioral Errors. Since 2010, Dr. Gray has served as an Assistant Professor of Finance at Drexel University’s LeBow College of Business. In 2010, Dr. Gray received a Ph.D./M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. From 2004 through 2008, Dr. Gray was a Ground Intelligence Officer in the United States Marine Corps, attaining the rank of captain. Dr.
 
 
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Gray graduated magna cum laude with a B.S. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Gray holds the Series 65 and 3 licenses.
 
Patrick Cleary has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Mr. Cleary is the Chief Operating Officer and a Managing Member of the Adviser and a Managing Member of Empiritrage. Mr. Cleary previously served as the Director of Strategy and Corporate Development at Algeco Scotsman, a multinational leasing company. Prior to Algeco Scotsman, Mr. Cleary worked as a Strategy Consultant for the Boston Consulting Group, a management consulting firm, across a wide variety of industries. Mr. Cleary received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.  Mr. Cleary holds the Series 65 license.
 
David Foulke has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Mr. Foulke is the Chief Compliance Officer and a Managing Member of the Adviser and a Managing Member of Empiritrage, where he assists in business development, firm operations, strategic initiatives and developing papers on quantitative investing and behavioral finance topics.  Prior to joining Empiritrage, from 2003 through 2013, Mr. Foulke was a Senior Vice President at Pardee Resources Company, a manager of natural resource properties, including investments in mineral rights, timber and renewables. Prior to Pardee, Mr. Foulke worked in investment banking and capital markets roles within the financial services industry, including at Houlihan Lokey, GE Capital and Burnham Financial. He also co-founded two technology companies: E-lingo.com, an internet-based provider of automated translation services, and Stonelocator.com, an online wholesaler of stone and tile. Mr. Foulke received an M.B.A. in Finance from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and an A.B. from Dartmouth College. Mr. Foulke holds the Series 65 and 3 licenses.
 
Carlton Kanner has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Mr. Kanner is a Managing Member of the Adviser and Empiritrage, where he is involved in compliance matters, general operations and investor relations.  Mr. Kanner also serves as the co-CIO of Pubco Corporation, a manufacturing and investment company located in Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Kanner advises on the company’s allocations to public market equities, bonds and municipal bonds; conducted due diligence on third party managers; and is responsible for finding and researching potential acquisitions. Mr. Kanner also advises on Pubco’s capital investments.  Prior to joining Pubco, Mr. Kanner was co-founder and managing member of EIS Capital Partners, a value investing and special situation partnership. Mr. Kanner graduated from Babson College in 2009 with a B.S. in Business Administration and Finance. Mr. Kanner holds the Series 65 license.
 
John Vogel, Ph.D., has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Dr. Vogel is a Managing Member of the Adviser and Empiritrage, where he heads the research department and assists in business development and operations. Dr. Vogel conducts research in empirical asset pricing and behavioral finance, and has collaborated with Dr. Gray on multiple projects. His academic experience involves being an instructor and research assistant at Drexel University in both the Finance and Mathematics departments. Dr. Vogel received a Ph.D. in Finance from Drexel University. He has a M.S. in Mathematics from Drexel University, and graduated summa cum laude with a B.S. in Mathematics and Education from The University of Scranton. Dr. Vogel holds the Series 65 license.
 
 
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Tao Wang has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Mr. Wang is a Managing Member of the Adviser and Empiritrage, where he heads the trading department and assists in quantitative research. His recent research focuses on long/short commodity strategies, volatility index arbitrage and tactical asset allocation. Mr. Wang has a M.S. in Finance from Drexel University, and graduated with a B.A. in Economic Journalism and B.L. in International Business Law from Shanghai University of Finance & Economics. He has also passed all three CFA exams. His prior working experience includes time as a Summer Analyst Intern at CITIC Securities and as a Part-time Assistant at Bain Capital. Mr. Wang holds the Series 65 and 3 licenses.
 
Yang Xu has been portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception. Mr. Xu is also a Managing Member of the Adviser and Empiritrage. From 2012 through May 2014, Mr. Xu was a Senior Data Analyst with Capital One Financial Corp. From 2011 through 2012, Mr. Xu was a Quantitative Analyst at Empiritrage. Mr. Xu earned an M.S. in Finance from Drexel University in 2011. Prior to attending Drexel University, Mr. Xu was a student at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, China, where he earned a B.A. in Economics in 2009.  Mr. Xu holds the Series 65 license.
 
The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts they manage, their ownership in the Funds and their compensation.
 
APPROVAL OF ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
 
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund will be available in the Fund’s first report to shareholders.
 
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
 
Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Distributor”), serves as the distributor of Creation Units (defined below) for the Funds on an agency basis.  The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.
 
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is the administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Funds.
 
U.S. Bank National Association is the custodian for the Funds.
 
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2005 Market Street, Suite 2600, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as legal counsel to the Funds.
 
Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm.  The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.
 
 
 
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The Exchange
 
Shares of the Funds are not sponsored, endorsed or promoted by the Exchange.  The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated, in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Shares of a Fund to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable.  The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares of the Funds in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Shares of the Funds.  Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages.
 
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
 
Shares will be issued or redeemed by each Fund at NAV per Share only in Creation Units of 50,000 Shares.  Creation Units are issued and redeemed for cash and/or in-kind for securities.
 
Shares will trade on the secondary market, however, which is where most retail investors will buy and sell Shares.  It is expected that only a limited number of institutional investors, called Authorized Participants or “APs,” will purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Funds.  APs may acquire Shares directly from the Funds, and APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV per Share only in large blocks, or Creation Units.  Purchases and redemptions directly with the Funds must follow the Funds’ procedures, which are described in the SAI.
 
Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable with the Funds.
 
BUYING AND SELLING SHARES ON THE SECONDARY MARKET
 
Most investors will buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers and, therefore, must have a brokerage account to buy and sell Shares.  Shares can be bought or sold through your broker throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded issuer.  When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for Shares.  The price at which you buy or sell Shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the Shares.  Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest in a Fund and no minimum number of Shares you must buy.
 
Shares of each of the Funds will be listed on the Exchange under the following symbols:
 
Fund
Trading Symbol
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
QVAL
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF
IVAL
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF
QMOM
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF
IMOM
 
 
 
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The Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
 
For information about buying and selling Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets, please contact your broker or dealer.
 
Book Entry.  Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued.  The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), or its nominee, will be the registered owner of all outstanding Shares of the Funds and is recognized as the owner of all Shares.  Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC.  As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares.  Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants.  These procedures are the same as those that apply to any stocks that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.  Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of Shares, and tax information.  Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income dividends and capital gain distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds.
 
Share Trading Prices.  The trading prices of a Fund’s Shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV and can be affected by market forces of supply and demand for the Fund’s Shares, the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities, economic conditions and other factors.
 
The Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or another market information provider intends to disseminate the approximate value of each Fund’s portfolio every fifteen seconds.  This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of a Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day.  The quotations for certain investments may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the U.S., except such quotations may be updated to reflect currency fluctuations.  The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate values and make no warranty as to the accuracy of these values.
 
Continuous Offering.  The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws.  Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by a Fund on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur at any point.  Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirements and liability provisions of the Securities Act.  For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the
 
 
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creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares.  A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.
 
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus.  This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).  As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with engaging in ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act.  For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on a national exchange.
 
ACTIVE INVESTORS AND MARKET TIMING
 
The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by the Funds’ shareholders.  The Board noted that the Funds’ Shares can only be purchased and redeemed directly from a Fund in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in the Funds’ Shares occurs on the secondary market.  Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve the Funds, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Funds’ trading costs and the realization of capital gains.  With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with a Fund, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), the Board noted that those trades do not cause the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades.  To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to a Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.  However, the Board also noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that a Fund’s Shares trade at or close to NAV.  The Funds also employ fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing.  In addition, the Funds impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by a Fund in effecting trades.  Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the Funds’ Shares.
 
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN
 
Each Fund has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.  Under the Plan, a Fund is authorized to pay distribution fees to the Distributor and other firms
 
 
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that provide distribution and shareholder services (“Service Providers”).  If a Service Provider provides such services, a Fund may pay fees at an annual rate not to exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.
 
No distribution or service fees are currently paid by the Funds, however, and the Board has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.  In the event 12b-1 fees are charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in a Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis.
 
NET ASSET VALUE
 
The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.
 
Each Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:
 
• Taking the current market value of its total assets,
• Subtracting any liabilities, and
• Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.
 
If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV.  Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.
 
Because securities listed on foreign exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when a Fund does not price its Shares, the NAV of the Fund, to the extent it may hold foreign securities, may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares.
 
If an equity security is listed on a national exchange, the security is valued at the closing price or, if the closing price is not readily available, the mean of the closing bid and asked prices.  Equity securities not listed on an exchange or national securities market are valued at the last reported sale price. Equity securities in which there was no last reported sale price will be valued at the most recent bid price.
 
If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, a Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board.  In addition, a Fund may use fair valuation to price securities that trade on a foreign exchange, if any, when a significant event has occurred after the foreign exchange closes but before the time at which the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Foreign exchanges typically close before the time at which Fund Share prices are calculated, and may be closed altogether on some days when a Fund is open. Such significant events affecting a foreign security, in the event a Fund holds foreign securities, may include, but are not limited to: corporate actions, earnings announcements, litigation or other events impacting a single issuer; governmental action that affects securities in one sector or country; natural disasters or armed conflicts affecting a country or region; or significant domestic or
 
 
- 39 -

 
 
foreign market fluctuations. If a Fund holds foreign securities, it would use various criteria, including an evaluation of U.S. market moves after the close of foreign markets, in determining whether a foreign security’s market price is readily available and reflective of market value and, if not, the fair value of the security.
 
To the extent a Fund has holdings of foreign or other securities that may trade infrequently, fair valuation may be used more frequently than for other funds. Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund Shares. However, when a Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare a Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.
 
The value of assets denominated in foreign currencies is converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates deemed appropriate by a Fund.
 
FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
 
The Trust maintains a website for the ValueShares ETFs at www.valueshares.com and a website for the MomentumShares ETFs at www.momentumshares.com.  Among other things, these websites include this Prospectus and the SAI, and will include the Funds’ holdings, the Funds’ last annual and semi-annual reports (when available), pricing information about Shares trading on the Exchange, daily NAV calculations and a historical comparison of the trading prices to NAV.
 
Each day a Fund is open for business, the Trust publicly disseminates the Fund’s full portfolio holdings as of the close of the previous day through its website at www.valueshares.com with respect to the ValueShares ETFs and www.momentumshares.com with respect to the MomentumShares ETFs.  A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings is available in the Funds’ SAI.
 
INVESTMENTS BY OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
 
For purposes of the Investment Company Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order of the SEC.  The SEC has granted the Trust such an order to permit registered investment companies to invest in Shares of each Fund beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company first enter into a written agreement with the Trust regarding the terms of the
 
 
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investment.  Accordingly, registered investment companies that wish to rely on the order must first enter into such a written agreement with the Trust and should contact the Trust to do so.
 
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
 
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
 
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:
 
• Your Fund makes distributions,
• You sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and
• You purchase or redeem Creation Units.
 
Dividends and Distributions
 
Dividends and Distributions. Each Fund intends to elect and qualify to be treated each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code. As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. Each Fund expects to declare and distribute all of its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends quarterly. Each Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. A Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee a Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Distributions may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available.
 
Annual Statements. Each year, the Funds will send you an annual statement (Form 1099) of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December. Prior to issuing your statement, the Funds make every effort to search for reclassified income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, a Fund will send you a corrected Form 1099 to reflect reclassified information.
 
Avoid “Buying a Dividend.” At the time you purchase Shares of your Fund, a Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying Shares in a Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”
 
 
 
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Taxes
 
Tax Considerations. Each Fund expects, based on its investment objective and strategies, that its distributions, if any, will be taxable as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund Shares or receive them in cash. For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your Shares. A portion of income dividends reported by a Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation by individual shareholders at long-term capital gain rates provided certain holding period requirements are met.
 
Taxes on Exchange-Listed Share Sales. A sale or exchange of Fund Shares is a taxable event and, accordingly, a capital gain or loss may be recognized. Currently, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Fund Shares generally is treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.
 
Medicare Tax. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.
 
Backup Withholding. By law, if you do not provide a Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your Shares. A Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any distributions or proceeds paid.
 
State and Local Taxes. Fund distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Fund Shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.
 
Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units. An AP who exchanges equity securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of purchase and the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and the cash amount paid. A person who exchanges Creation Units for equity securities generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate market value of the securities received and the cash amount received. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
 
 
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Under current federal tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less.
 
If a Fund redeems Creation Units in cash, it may recognize more capital gains than it will if it redeems Creation Units in-kind.
 
Foreign Tax Credits. If a Fund qualifies to pass through to you the tax benefits from foreign taxes it pays on its investments, and elects to do so, then any foreign taxes it pays on these investments may be passed through to you as a foreign tax credit.
 
Non-U.S. Investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate and U.S. estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding and claim any treaty benefits.  An exemption from U.S. withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by a Fund from long-term capital gains, if any. The exemptions from U.S. withholding for interest-related dividends paid by a Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends have expired for taxable years of the Fund that begin on or after January 1, 2014.  It is unclear as of the date of this prospectus whether Congress will reinstate the exemptions for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends or, if reinstated, whether such exemptions would have retroactive effect.  However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any such dividends and distributions of income and capital gains will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
 
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements. Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), a Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on (a) income dividends paid by the Fund after June 30, 2014, and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after Dec. 31, 2016, to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of US-owned foreign investment accounts.  A Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA.  Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.
 
This discussion of “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in a Fund.
 
 
 
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
The Funds are newly organized and therefore have not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus and do not have financial highlights to present at this time.
 
 
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If you would like more information about the Funds and the Trust, the following documents are available free, upon request:
 
ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
 
Additional information about the Funds will be in their annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available.  The annual report will explain the market conditions and investment strategies affecting each Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.
 
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
The SAI dated October 20, 2014, which contains more details about the Funds, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this Prospectus.
 
To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report, when available, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds, please contact us as follows:
 
Call:        (215) 882-9983
Write:     213 Foxcroft Road
Broomall, PA 19008
Visit:      www.valueshares.com with respect to the ValueShares ETFs
www.momentumshares.com with respect to the MomentumShares ETFs
 
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
Information about the Funds, including their reports and the SAI, has been filed with the SEC. It can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC or on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov). Information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by writing the Public Reference section of the SEC, 100 F Street NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Company Act File No. 811-22961.
 
 
 
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ALPHA ARCHITECT ETF TRUST

ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
Ticker Symbol: QVAL
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF*
Ticker Symbol: IVAL
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF*
Ticker Symbol: QMOM
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF*
Ticker Symbol: IMOM
 
213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008

PHONE: (215) 882-9983

October 20, 2014


This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) describes the ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF, MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF (each, a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”), each of which is a series of the Alpha Architect ETF Trust (the “Trust”).  Shares of the Funds will be listed and traded on the BATS Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”).  The Funds are actively managed exchange-traded funds.  Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds.  Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the Distributor for the Funds.

Shares of the Funds are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. Government.

This SAI, dated October 20, 2014, is not a prospectus.  It should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ Prospectus, dated October 20, 2014, which incorporates this SAI by reference.  Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted.  The Funds listed above with an asterisk (*) have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and, therefore, are currently not offered for sale to or available for purchase by shareholders.  A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by writing to the Distributor, calling (215) 882-9983 or visiting www.valueshares.com with respect to the ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF and ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF (the “ValueShares ETFs”) and www.momentumshares.com with respect to the MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF (the “MomentumShares ETFs”).

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
GLOSSARY
1
   
TRUST AND FUNDS OVERVIEW
3
   
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
3
   
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
4
   
INTRADAY INDICATIVE VALUE
4
   
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
4
   
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
5
   
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
11
   
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
16
   
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
16
   
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
17
   
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
18
   
THE DISTRIBUTOR
19
   
ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
19
   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES
20
   
TRANSACTIONS IN CREATION UNITS
21
   
 
Purchasing Creation Units
22
 
Transaction Fees
25
 
Redeeming Creation Units
26
   
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
29
   
TAXES
30
   
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
42
   
APPENDIX A: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES – ALPHA ARCHITECT ETF TRUST
A-1
   
APPENDIX B: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES – EMPOWERED FUNDS, LLC
B-1
   
APPENDIX C: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
C-1
   
APPENDIX D: FOREIGN HOLIDAYS
D-1

 
ii

 

GLOSSARY

The following terms are used throughout this SAI, and have the meanings used below:

1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Authorized Participant” means a broker-dealer or other participant in the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) or a participant in DTC with access to the DTC system, and who has executed an agreement with the Distributor that governs transactions in the Funds’ Creation Units.

Balancing Amount means an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the In-Kind Creation (or Redemption) Basket, used to ensure that the NAV of a Fund Deposit (or Redemption) (other than the Transaction Fee), is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit being purchased.

Board” or “Trustees” means the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

Business Day” means any day on which the Trust is open for business.

Adviser” means Empowered Funds, LLC.

Cash Component means an amount of cash consisting of a Balancing Amount and a Transaction Fee calculated in connection with creations.

Cash Redemption Amount means an amount of cash consisting of a Balancing Amount and a Transaction Fee calculated in connection with redemptions.

Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Creation Unit” means an aggregation of 50,000 Shares that each Fund issues and redeems on a continuous basis at NAV.  Shares will not be issued or redeemed except in Creation Units.

Distributor” means Quasar Distributors, LLC.

Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

DTC” means the Depository Trust Company.

Exchange” means BATS Exchange, Inc.

ETF” means an exchange-traded fund.

FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

Fund” means a series of the Trust described in this SAI: the ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF, ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF, MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF.

Fund Deposit” means the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component necessary to purchase a Creation Unit from a Fund.

Fund Redemption” means the In-Kind Redemption Basket and Cash Redemption Amount received in connection with the redemption of a Creation Unit.

 
1

 

IIV” means an approximate per Share value of a Fund’s portfolio, disseminated every fifteen seconds throughout the trading day by the Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or other information providers, known as the Intraday Indicative Value.

In-Kind Creation Basket” means the basket of securities to be deposited to purchase Creation Units of a Fund.

In-Kind Redemption Basket” means the basket of securities a shareholder will receive upon redemption of a Creation Unit.

Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

IRS means the Internal Revenue Service.

NAV” means the net asset value of a Fund.

NSCC” means the National Securities Clearing Corporation.

‘‘NYSE’’ means the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

Prospectus” means the Funds’ Prospectus, dated October 20, 2014, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

SAI” means this Statement of Additional Information, dated October 20, 2014, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Shares” means the shares of a Fund.

Transaction Fee is a fee imposed to compensate the Trust for costs incurred in connection with transactions for Creation Units.  The Transaction Fee is comprised of a flat (or standard) fee and may include a variable fee.  For the Transaction Fees applicable to each Fund, see “Transaction Fees” in this SAI.

Trust” means the Alpha Architect ETF Trust, a Delaware statutory trust.


 
2

 

TRUST AND FUNDS OVERVIEW

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust formed on October 11, 2013.  The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act.  Each Fund is a non-diversified, actively-managed ETF.  The offering of the Shares is registered under the 1933 Act.

Each Fund offers and issues Shares at NAV only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares, generally in exchange for a basket of securities constituting the portfolio holdings of the Fund, together with the deposit of a specified cash payment, or, in certain circumstances, for an all cash payment.  Shares of each Fund will be listed and traded on the Exchange.  Shares will trade on the Exchange at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV.

Unlike mutual funds, Shares are not individually redeemable securities.  Rather, each Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis at NAV, only in Creation Units of 50,000 Shares.  In the event of the liquidation of a Fund, the Trust may lower the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.

In the instance of creations and redemptions, Transaction Fees may be imposed.  Such fees are limited in accordance with requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.  Some of the information contained in this SAI and the Prospectus — such as information about purchasing and redeeming Shares from a Fund and Transaction Fees — is not relevant to most retail investors because it applies only to transactions for Creation Units and most retail investors do not transact for Creation Units.

Once created, Shares generally trade in the secondary market, at market prices that change throughout the day, in amounts less than a Creation Unit.  Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges.

Unlike index-based ETFs, the Funds are “actively managed” and do not seek to replicate the performance of a specified index.

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

Shares of each Fund will be listed and traded on the Exchange.  Shares trade on the Exchange or in secondary markets at prices that may differ from their NAV or IIV, including because such prices may be affected by market forces (such as supply and demand for Shares).  As is the case of other securities traded on an exchange, when you buy or sell Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets your broker will normally charge you a commission or other transaction charges.  Further, the Trust reserves the right to adjust the price of Shares in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors (namely, to maintain a price per Share that is attractive to investors) by share splits or reverse share splits, which would have no effect on the NAV.

There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of each Fund will continue to be met.  The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of a Fund from listing if: (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of a Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the Shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the IIV of a Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iii) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable.  The Exchange will remove the Shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of a Fund.

The Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Exchange.  The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares of the Funds or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Funds particularly or the ability of the Funds to achieve their objectives.  The Exchange has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Funds.


 
3

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Funds’ portfolio securities.  Under the policy, portfolio holdings of the Funds, which will form the basis for the calculation of NAV on a Business Day, are publicly disseminated prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange that Business Day through financial reporting or news services, including the website www.valueshares.com with respect to the ValueShares ETFs and the website www.momentumshares.com with respect to the MomentumShares ETFs.  In addition, each Business Day a portfolio composition file, which displays the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component, is publicly disseminated prior to the opening of the Exchange via the NSCC.

INTRADAY INDICATIVE VALUE

The IIV is an approximate per Share value of a Fund’s portfolio holdings, which is disseminated every fifteen seconds throughout the trading day by the Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or by other information providers.  The IIV is based on the current market value of a Fund’s Fund Deposit.  The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by a Fund at a particular point in time.  The IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of a Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV.  The quotations for certain investments may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the U.S., except such quotations may be updated to reflect currency fluctuations.  The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and make no warranty as to the accuracy of the IIV.

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS

The investment policies enumerated in this section may be changed with respect to a Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Funds’ outstanding voting securities, except as noted below:

1. The Funds may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

2. The Funds may not issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

3. The Funds may not engage in the business of underwriting securities except to the extent that the Funds may be considered an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act in the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities or in connection with investments in other investment companies, or to the extent otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

4. The Funds may not purchase or sell real estate, except to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

5. The Funds may not purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, and provided that this limitation does not prevent the Funds from (i) purchasing or selling securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or that invest in commodities; (ii) engaging in any transaction involving currencies, options, forwards, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, swaps, hybrid instruments or other derivatives; or (iii) investing in securities, or transacting in other instruments, that are linked to or secured by physical or other commodities.

6. The Funds may not make loans, except to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

7. The Funds will not concentrate their investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as that term is used in the Investment Company Act.

 
4

 

The following notations are not considered to be part of each Fund’s fundamental investment limitation and are subject to change without shareholder approval.  If a percentage limitation is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in the value of a Fund’s investments will not constitute a violation of such limitation.  Thus, a Fund may continue to hold a security even though it causes the Fund to exceed a percentage limitation because of fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s assets, except that any borrowing by a Fund that exceeds the fundamental investment limitations stated above must be reduced to meet such limitations within the period required by the Investment Company Act or the relevant rules, regulations or interpretations thereunder, as described below.

With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to borrowing set forth in (1) above, pursuant to Section 18(f)(1) of the Investment Company Act, a Fund may not issue any class of senior security or sell any senior security of which it is the issuer, except that a Fund shall be permitted to borrow from any bank so long as immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% and that in the event such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund shall reduce the amount of its borrowings, within three days, to an extent that the asset coverage shall be at least 300%.  With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to lending set forth in (6) above, this means that a Fund may not make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties.  This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan. With respect to the fundamental investment limitation relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a Fund’s net assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The fundamental investment limitation in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time.
 
 
For purposes of applying the limitation set forth in the concentration policy, the Funds, with respect to their equity holdings, may use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, MSCI Global Industry Classification System, FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) to identify each industry.  Securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), tax-free securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions (and repurchase agreements collateralized by government securities) and securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the Investment Company Act, are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.


INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS

The investment objective, principal strategies of, and risks of investing in each Fund are described in the Prospectus.  Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this SAI, the investment objective and policies of a Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.

Credit Quality Standards

When investing in fixed income securities and, if applicable, preferred or convertible stocks, the Funds maintain the following credit quality standards, which apply at the time of investment:

For securities that carry a rating assigned by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (a “Rating Organization”), the Adviser will use the highest rating assigned by the Rating Organization to determine a security’s credit rating.  Commercial paper must be rated at least “A-1” or equivalent by a Rating Organization.  The Funds may invest in debt and other fixed income securities that are “investment grade,” as discussed below.  For securities that are not rated by a Rating Organization, the Adviser’s internal credit rating will apply and be subject to the equivalent rating minimums described here.

 
5

 

Each Fund may also engage in the following investment strategies or techniques (except where indicated otherwise).

Securities Lending

The Funds may make secured loans of their portfolio securities; however, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by a Fund exceeds 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received).  For purposes of complying with a Fund’s investment policies and restrictions, collateral received in connection with securities loans is deemed an asset of the Fund to the extent required by law.
To the extent a Fund engages in securities lending, securities loans will be made to broker-dealers that the Adviser believes to be of relatively high credit standing pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans continuously be collateralized by cash, liquid securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities.  As with other extensions of credit, a Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of the securities and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.  A Fund also bears the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline.

For each loan, the borrower usually must maintain with the Fund’s custodian collateral with an initial market value at least equal to 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the market value of foreign securities loaned), including any accrued interest thereon. Such collateral will be marked-to-market daily, and if the coverage falls below 100%, the borrower will be required to deliver additional collateral equal to at least 102% of the market value of the domestic securities loaned (or 105% of the foreign securities loaned).

A Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. A Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. A Fund seeks to maintain the ability to obtain the right to vote or consent on proxy proposals involving material events affecting securities loaned.  However, a Fund bears the risk of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Fund’s ability to vote on such matters.  A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.

The Adviser will retain lending agents on behalf of the Funds that are compensated based on a percentage of a Fund’s return on its securities lending.  A Fund may also pay various fees in connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.

Preferred Stocks

Each Fund may invest in exchange-listed preferred stocks.  Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are senior to common stock.  Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the issuer’s liquidation.  Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuer’s common stock, and thus represent an ownership interest in the issuer.  Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Prospectus or this SAI regarding equity or fixed income securities.

Depositary Receipts (ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF only)
 
 
The Funds may invest in foreign securities by purchasing depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities which they represent. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, GDRs, in bearer form, are issued and designed for use outside the United States and EDRs (also referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”)), in bearer form, may be denominated in other currencies and are designed for use in European securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. GDRs are receipts typically issued by non-United States banks and trust companies that evidence

 
6

 

ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. For purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying securities they represent. Thus, an ADR, GDR or EDR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.

Repurchase Agreements

The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers.  A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by a Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date.  The acquiring Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities.  Such a default may subject a Fund to expenses, delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted enforcement.

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally

The Funds may invest in debt securities by purchasing the following:  obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities; corporate debt securities; master-demand notes; bank certificates of deposit; time deposits; bankers’ acceptances; commercial paper and other notes; and inflation-indexed securities. Each Fund may invest in debt securities that are investment grade. Investment grade securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories by at least two Rating Organizations rating that security, such as Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (‘‘Standard & Poor’s’’) or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (‘‘Moody’s’’), or rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one Rating Organization if it is the only Rating Organization rating that security or unrated, if deemed to be of comparable quality by the Adviser and traded publicly on the world market. Securities rated Baa and BBB are the lowest that are considered “investment grade” obligations.  Moody’s describes securities rated Baa as “subject to moderate credit risk.  They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.”  Standard & Poor’s describes securities rated BBB as “regarded as having adequate protection parameters.  However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.”  For securities rated BBB, Fitch states that “…expectations of default risk are currently low…capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.”  Each Fund, at the discretion of the Adviser, may retain a debt security that has been downgraded below the initial investment criteria.

Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity. Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state and local governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are referred to in this SAI as ‘‘fixed income securities.’’ Indexed bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted periodically according to a specified instrument, index or other statistic (e.g., another security, inflation index or currency).

Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or ‘‘interest rate risk’’) relates to changes in a security’s value as a result of changes in interest rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors.

Because interest rates vary, to the extent that a Fund invests in fixed income securities, the future income of the Fund cannot be predicted with certainty. To the extent that a Fund invests in indexed securities, the future income of the also will be affected by changes in those securities’ indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates or currency rates).

 
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Cash Items

A Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Fund’s investments.  These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market instruments, such as securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit and investment companies that invest primarily in such instruments.

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies or instrumentalities.  Different kinds of U.S. government securities have different kinds of government support.  For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S.  Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government.

It is possible that the availability and the marketability (that is, liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by actions of the U.S. government to tighten the availability of credit.

As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate.  For example, the value of U.S. government securities may fall during times of rising interest rates.  Yields on U.S. government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.

In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities, a Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities.  Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more volatile than other government securities.

Foreign Investments (ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF only)

Foreign Market Risk. Foreign security investment or exposure involves special risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that a Fund will lose money. In particular, the Funds are subject to the risk that because there are generally fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of shares traded each day, it may be difficult for a Fund to buy and sell securities, or increase or decrease exposures, on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may fluctuate more than prices of securities traded in the U.S.

Foreign Economy Risk. The economies of certain foreign markets often do not compare favorably with that of the U.S. with respect to such issues as growth of gross domestic product, reinvestment of capital, resources, and balance of payments positions. Certain foreign economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation of assets, or the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair a Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign securities, or obtain exposure to them, or transfer the Fund’s assets back into the U.S., or otherwise adversely affect the Fund’s operations. Other foreign market risks include foreign exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts, and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the U.S. or other foreign countries. Foreign corporate governance may not be as robust as in the U.S. As a result, protections for minority investors may not be strong, which could affect security prices.

 
8

 

Currency Risk and Exchange Risk. Securities in which the Funds invest, or to which they obtain exposure, may be denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of these securities. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, an investment in a security denominated in that currency loses value because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Similarly when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, an investment in, or exposure to, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk is generally known as “currency risk,” which is the possibility that a stronger U.S. dollar will reduce returns for U.S. investors investing overseas. Foreign currencies also involve the risk that they will be devalued or replaced, adversely affecting the Funds’ investments.

Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards. Many foreign governments supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities to a lesser extent than the U.S. government. Some countries may not have laws to protect investors the way that the U.S. securities laws do. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the U.S. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much disclosure or detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder to completely and accurately determine a company’s financial condition.

Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the U.S. Foreign securities in which the Funds invest, or to which they obtain exposure, are generally held outside the U.S. in foreign banks and securities depositories. The Funds’ custodian is the Funds’ “foreign custody manager” as provided in Rule 17f-5 under the Investment Company Act. The “foreign custody manager” is responsible for determining that each Fund’s directly-held foreign assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on standards applicable to custodians in relevant foreign markets. However, certain foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. They may also have operations subject to limited or no regulatory oversight. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. In addition, it likely will be more expensive for a Fund to buy, sell and hold securities, or increase or decrease exposures thereto, in certain foreign markets than it is in the U.S. market due to higher brokerage, transaction, custody and/or other costs. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount a Fund can earn on its investments.

Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the U.S. Foreign settlement and clearance procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically involved with the settlement of U.S. investments. Settlements in certain foreign countries at times have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions. The problems may make it difficult for the Funds to carry out transactions. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, the Fund may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, directly or indirectly, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable to that party for any losses incurred.

Dividends and interest on, and proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities a Fund holds, or has exposure to, may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, and special federal tax considerations may apply.

Corporate Debt Securities

The rate of interest on a corporate debt security may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate.  Debt securities may be acquired with warrants attached.  A Fund may invest in commercial interests, including commercial paper, master notes and other short-term corporate instruments that are denominated in U.S. dollars.  Commercial paper consists of short-term promissory notes issued by corporations.  Commercial paper may be traded in the secondary market after its issuance.  Master notes are demand notes that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts of money at varying rates of interest pursuant to arrangements with issuers who meet the quality criteria of a Fund.  The interest rate on a master note may fluctuate based upon changes in specified interest rates, be reset periodically according to a prescribed formula or be a set rate.  Although there is no secondary market in master demand notes, if such notes have a demand future, the payee may demand payment of the principal amount of the note upon relatively short notice.  Master notes are generally illiquid and therefore subject to a Fund’s percentage limitations for investments in illiquid securities.

 
9

 


Illiquid Securities

A Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.  For this purpose, “illiquid securities” are securities that a Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities.  A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.

The Adviser also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Adviser’s receipt from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the Adviser’s ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including a Fund.  In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.

At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their fair value for purposes of computing a Fund’s NAV.  The judgment of the Adviser normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded securities.

Investments in Other Investment Companies

Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, SEC rules thereunder and exemptions thereto.  Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest in shares of both open- and closed-end investment companies (including money market funds and ETFs).  The market price for ETF and closed-end fund shares may be higher or lower than, respectively, the ETF’s and closed-end fund’s NAV.  Investing in another investment company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses.  As a result, an investment by a Fund in an ETF or investment company could cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the securities underlying the ETF or investment company.

Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including each Fund. The acquisition of a Fund’s Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the Investment Company Act or as may at some future time be permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in a Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.

Portfolio Turnover

The Funds are newly established.  Accordingly, information on the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates is not available as of the date of this SAI.

Cybersecurity Risk

The Funds, like all companies, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks. Cyber security failures or breaches of the Funds or their service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs.  The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

Trustees and Officers

The business and affairs of the Trust are managed by its officers under the oversight of its Board.  The Board sets broad policies for the Trust and may appoint Trust officers.  The Board oversees the performance of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers.  Each Trustee serves until his or her successor is duly elected or appointed and qualified.

The Board is comprised of four Trustees.  One Trustee and certain of the officers of the Trust are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser.  The other Trustees are not “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”).  The fund complex includes all funds advised by the Adviser (“Fund Complex”).

The Trustees, their age, term of office and length of time served, their principal business occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex overseen and other directorships, if any, held by each Trustee, are shown below.  The officers, their age, term of office and length of time served and their principal business occupations during the past five years, are shown below.  Unless noted otherwise, the address of each Trustee and each Officer is: c/o Alpha Architect ETF Trust, 213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008.

Name, Address, Age
Position(s) Held with Trust
Term of Office and Length of Time Served
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years
Number of Funds in Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee
Other Directorships Held by
Trustee During Past 5 Years
Independent Trustees
Daniel Dorn
DOB: 1975
Trustee
Since 2014
Associate Professor of Finance, Drexel University, LeBow College of Business (2003 – present), Faculty Advisor, Dragon Fund, Drexel University,
LeBow College of Business (2007 –present); Dornsife Fellow, Drexel University, LeBow College of Business (2012 – present); Distinguished Research Fellow, Drexel University, LeBow College of Business (2010 – 2014); Wilhelm Mueller-Foundation Visiting Professor of Finance, University of Mannheim, Germany
(2011 – 2012); Financial Committee, Member, Saint Francis de Sales Parish, Philadelphia (2010 – present).
 
4
None
Michael S. Pagano, Ph.D., CFA
DOB: 1962
Trustee
Since 2014
The Robert J. and Mary Ellen Darretta Endowed Chair in Finance, Villanova University (1999 - present); Associate Editor of The Financial Review (2009 - present) and Editorial Board Member of the International J ournal of
Managerial Finance (2005 - present), Atlantic Economic Journal
(2014 - present) and Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting (2010 - present); Founder, Michael S. Pagano, LLC (business consulting firm) (2008 - present); Member of FINRA’s Market Regulation Committee (2009 - present); Member of Bloomberg’s Tradebook Advisory
Council (2012 - 2014).
 
4
None
 
 
 
11

 
 
Tom Scott
DOB: 1966
Trustee
Since 2014
Founder, The Nantucket Project (2011 - present); Founder and CEO, Plum TV
(2004 - 2012); Co-founder and CEO, Nantucket Nectars (1989 - 2002).
 
4
None
 
Interested Trustee*
Wesley R. Gray, Ph.D.
DOB: 1980
Trustee and President of the Trust
Trustee and President since 2014
Founder and Executive Managing Member, Empowered Funds, LLC (2013 - present);
Founder and Executive Managing Member, Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage
(2010 - present).
 
4
None

*  Dr. Gray is an “interested person,” as defined by the Investment Company Act, because of his employment with and ownership interest in the Adviser.

Officers

Name, Address, Age
Position(s) Held with Trust
Term of Office and Length of Time Served
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years
David Foulke
DOB: 1966
Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer
Since 2014
Managing Member, Empowered Funds, LLC (2013 - present); Managing Member, Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage (2012 - present).
 
John Vogel, Ph.D.
DOB: 1983
Treasurer
Since 2014
Managing Member, Empowered Funds, LLC (2013 - present); Managing Member, Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage (2012 - present).
 
 

 

 
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Trustee Qualifications
 
Information on the Trust’s Trustees and Officers appears above including information on the business activities of Trustees during the past five years.  In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his duties and fiduciary obligations. The Board believes that the specific background of each Trustee evidences such ability and is appropriate to his serving on the Board.  As indicated, Dr. Dorn holds an academic position in the area of finance.  Dr. Pagano holds an academic position in the area of finance.  Mr. Scott is the founder/co-founder of several entrepreneurial ventures and brings significant commercial expertise to the Trust by virtue of his executive experience.  Dr. Gray is the Founder and Executive Managing Member of the Adviser and Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage.

Board Structure
 
Dr. Gray is considered to be an Interested Trustee and serves as Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman’s responsibilities include:  setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and, if present, meetings of the Independent Trustees; and, serving as a liaison between the other Trustees, Trust officers, management personnel and counsel.

The Board believes that having an interested Chairman, who is familiar with the Adviser and its operations, while also having three-fourths of the Board composed of Independent Trustees, strikes an appropriate balance that allows the Board to benefit from the insights and perspective of a representative of management while empowering the Independent Trustees with the ultimate decision-making authority.  The Board has not appointed a lead Independent Trustee at this time.  The Board does not believe that an independent Chairman or lead Independent Trustee would enhance the Board’s effectiveness, as the relatively small size of the Board allows for diverse viewpoints to be shared and for effective communications between and among Independent Trustees and management so that meetings proceed efficiently.  Independent Trustees have effective control over the Board’s agenda because they form more than a majority of the Board and can request presentations and agenda topics at Board meetings.

The Board intends to hold four regularly scheduled meetings each year, at least two of which shall be in person.  The Board may also hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings.  The Independent Trustees meet separately at each regularly scheduled in-person meeting of the Board; during a portion of each such separate meeting management is not present.  The Independent Trustees may also hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.

The Board conducts a self-assessment on an annual basis, as part of which it considers whether the structure of the Board and its Committees is appropriate under the circumstances.  Based on such self-assessment, among other things, the Board will consider whether its current structure is appropriate.  As part of this self-assessment, the Board will consider several factors, including the number of funds overseen by the Board, their investment objectives, and the responsibilities entrusted to the Adviser and other service providers with respect to the oversight of the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Funds.

The Board sets broad policies for the Trust and may appoint Trust officers.  The Board oversees the performance of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers.  As part of its oversight function, the Board monitors the Adviser’s risk management, including, as applicable, its management of investment, compliance and operational risks, through the receipt of periodic reports and presentations.  The Board has not established a standing risk committee.  Rather, the Board relies on Trust officers, advisory personnel and service providers to manage applicable risks and report exceptions to the Board in order to enable it to exercise its oversight responsibility.  To this end, the Board receives reports from such parties at least quarterly, including, but not limited to, investment and/or performance reports, distribution reports, Rule 12b-1 reports, valuation reports and internal controls reports.  Similarly, the Board receives quarterly reports from the Trust’s chief compliance officer (“CCO”), including, but not limited to, a report on the Trust’s compliance program, and the Independent Trustees have an opportunity to meet separately each quarter with the CCO.  The CCO typically provides the Board with updates regarding the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures, including any enhancements to them.  The Board expects all parties,

 
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including, but not limited to, the Adviser, service providers and the CCO, to inform the Board on an intra-quarter basis if a material issue arises that requires the Board’s oversight.

The Board generally exercises its oversight as a whole, but has delegated certain oversight functions to an Audit Committee.  The function of the Audit Committee is discussed in detail below.

Committees
 
The Board currently has two standing committees: an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee.  Each Independent Trustee serves on each of these committees.

The purposes of the Audit Committee are to: (1) oversee generally each Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, their internal controls and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers; (2) oversee the quality, integrity and objectivity of each Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (3) assist the full Board with its oversight of the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to each Fund’s accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; (4) approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors; and (5) act as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board.

The purposes of the Nominating Committee are, among other things, to: (1) identify and recommend for nomination candidates to serve as Trustees and/or on Board committees who are not “interested persons” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act (“Interested Persons”) of the Trust and who meet any independence requirements of Exchange Rule 5.3(k)(1) or the applicable rule of any other exchange on which shares of the Trust are listed; (2) evaluate and make recommendations to the full Board regarding potential trustee candidates who are Interested Persons of the Trust; and (3) review periodically the workload and capabilities of the Trustees and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to make recommendations to the Board if such a review suggests that changes to the size or composition of the Board and/or its committees are warranted.  The Committee will generally not consider potential candidates for nomination identified by shareholders.

Compensation of Trustees.  The Independent Trustees were elected to the Board of the Trust effective September 22, 2014 and prior to that date had not received any compensation from the Funds.  The Trust’s officers and any interested Trustees receive no compensation directly from the Trust.

The Independent Trustees determine the amount of compensation that they receive.  In determining compensation for the Independent Trustees, the Independent Trustees take into account a variety of factors including, among other things, their collective significant work experience (e.g., in business and finance, government or academia).  The Independent Trustees also recognize that these individuals’ advice and counsel are in demand by other organizations, that these individuals may reject other opportunities because of the time demands of their duties as Independent Trustees, and that they undertake significant legal responsibilities.  The Independent Trustees also consider the compensation paid to independent board members of other registered investment company complexes of comparable size.

Independent Trustees are paid an annual retainer of $4,000  for attendance at meetings of the Board.  All Trustees are reimbursed for their travel expenses and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending Board meetings.  The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of the Funds’ expenses, and Trustees are not entitled to benefits upon retirement from the Board.

The Trust commenced operations in 2014 and has not had operations for a full year.  The table shows the estimated compensation that is contemplated to be paid to Trustees for a full year by the Fund Complex:*

 
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Independent Trustees
Compensation
Compensation Deferred
Total Compensation from
 the Fund Complex
Paid to Trustee
Daniel Dorn
$4,000 $0  $4,000
Michael S. Pagano
$4,000 $0  $4,000
Tom Scott
$4,000 $0  $4,000
Interested Trustee
     
Wesley R. Gray**
$0 $0  $0
* Trustee compensation is allocated across the Funds of the Fund Complex on the basis of assets under management.
** Dr. Gray is an “interested person,” as defined by the Investment Company Act, because of his employment with and ownership interest in the Adviser.
 
Equity Ownership of Trustees. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees did not own any of the outstanding Shares of the Funds as the Funds were not operational prior to that date.

As of the date of this SAI, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members beneficially owned any securities in any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust, or in any person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust.

Codes of Ethics

The Board, on behalf of the Trust, has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act.  In addition, the Adviser has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1.  These Codes of Ethics (each a “Code of Ethics” and together the “Codes of Ethics”) apply to the personal investing activities of trustees, directors, officers and certain employees (“access persons”).  Rule 17j-1 and the Codes of Ethics are designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by access persons.  Under each Code of Ethics, access persons are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes.  In addition, certain access persons are required to obtain approval before investing in private placements and are prohibited from investing in initial public offerings (“IPOs”).  Copies of the Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public.

Proxy Voting

The Board has delegated to the Adviser the responsibility to vote proxies related to the securities held in the Funds’ portfolios.  Under this authority, the Adviser is required by the Board to vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders.  Proxy voting policies for the Trust are included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures, which are included in Appendix B to this SAI. The Board will periodically review a Fund’s proxy voting record.
 
The Trust will annually disclose its complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX.  The Trust’s most recent Form N-PX is available without charge, upon request, by calling (215) 882-9983. The Trust’s Form N-PX also is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

 
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
 
The Adviser owns all of the initial Shares issued by the Funds prior to the commencement of investment operations and the public launch of the Funds.  No other person owns of record or is known by the Funds to own beneficially 5% or more of the Funds’ outstanding equity securities.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

Investment Advisory Agreement
 
Under an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), each Fund pays the Adviser a fee at an annualized rate, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, based on its average daily net assets, set forth in the table below:

Fund
Advisory Fee
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
0.79%
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF
0.99%
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF
0.79%
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF
0.99%

The Adviser manages the investment and the reinvestment of the assets of each Fund, in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and limitations of the Funds, subject to the general supervision and control of the Board.  The Adviser is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Pennsylvania.  The address of the Adviser is 213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008.  The Adviser is an indirect subsidiary of Empirical Finance, LLC d/b/a Empiritrage.  The Adviser was founded in October 2013 and provides investment advisory services to registered investment companies.  As of July 31, 2014, the Adviser and its affiliates managed approximately $170 million.

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser bears all of the costs of each of the Funds, except for the advisory fee, payments under each Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expenses and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses (including litigation to which the Trust or a Fund may be a party and indemnification of the Trustees and officers with respect thereto).

The Advisory Agreement with respect to a Fund will remain in effect for two (2) years from its effective date and thereafter continue in effect for as long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually, by (1) the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the shareholders of a Fund, and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or Interested Persons of any person thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.  The Advisory Agreement for a Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

Custodian

U.S. Bank National Association (the “Custodian”), located at 1555 North River Center Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212, serves as the Custodian of each Fund’s assets.  The Custodian has agreed to: (1) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of a Fund, (2) collect and receive all income and other payments and distributions on account of a Fund’s portfolio investments and (3) make periodic reports to a Fund concerning the Fund’s operations. The Custodian does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities. As compensation for these services, the Custodian receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.


 
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Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the “Administrator” or “Transfer Agent”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as Administrator and Fund Accountant to each Fund.  The Administrator provides each Fund with all required general administrative services, including, without limitation, clerical and general back office services; bookkeeping, internal accounting and secretarial services; the calculation of NAV; and the preparation and filing of all reports, updates to registration statements, and all other materials required to be filed or furnished by a Fund under federal and state securities laws.  As compensation for these services, the Administrator receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC also serves as the Transfer Agent of each Fund’s assets.  The Transfer Agent has agreed to: (1) issue and redeem shares of each Fund in Creation Units, (2) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of each Fund, (3) maintain shareholder accounts and (4) make periodic reports to the Funds. As compensation for these services, the Transfer Agent receives certain out-of-pocket costs and transaction fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its fees.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

The following table provides information about the portfolio managers who have day-to-day responsibility for management of the Funds.  The reporting information is provided as of July 31, 2014:
 
 
 
Registered Investment Companies
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
Other Accounts
Performance Fee Accounts
Portfolio Manager
Number of Accounts
  Total Assets
(in millions)
Number of Accounts
Total Assets
(in millions)
Number of Accounts
Total Assets
(in millions)
Number of Accounts
Total Assets
(in millions)
                 
Wesley R. Gray
 0  $0  0 $0 104 $170  0 $0
Patrick Cleary
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
David Foulke
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
Carl Kanner
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
John Vogel
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
Tao Wang
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
Yang Xu
 0  $0  0 $0  0 $0  0 $0
 
Potential Conflicts of Interest

The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other.  The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Funds.  Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio managers could favor one account over another.  Another potential conflict could include the portfolio managers’ knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Funds.  However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated.  There can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be effective, however.

 
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Compensation

Each portfolio manager owns an equity interest in the parent company of the Adviser and their compensation is determined by the advisory fee revenue generated by the Adviser’s and its parent’s assets under management.  Thus, portfolio manager compensation is aligned with the interests of the Adviser’s clients, including the Funds and their investors.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

Brokerage Transactions

Portfolio changes will generally be implemented through in-kind transactions for Creation Units; however, the Adviser may execute brokerage transactions for a Fund and a Fund may incur brokerage commissions, particularly during the early stages of the Funds’ development or in the case of transactions involving realized losses.  Also, a Fund may accept cash as part or all of an In-Kind Creation or Redemption Basket, in which case the Adviser may need to execute brokerage transactions for a Fund.  Generally, equity securities are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable.  Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down.  Money market securities and other debt securities are usually bought and sold directly from the issuer or an underwriter or market maker for the securities.  Generally, the Funds will not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases.  When a debt security is bought from an underwriter, the purchase price will usually include an underwriting commission or concession.  The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down.  When a Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.

In addition, the Adviser may place a combined order, often referred to as “bunching,” for two or more accounts it manages, including the Funds, engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security or other instrument if, in its judgment, joint execution is in the best interest of each participant and will result in best price and execution.  Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account or Fund.  Although it is recognized that, in some cases, the joint execution of orders could adversely affect the price or volume of the security that a particular account or a Fund may obtain, it is the opinion of the Adviser and the Board that the advantages of combined orders outweigh the possible disadvantages of separate transactions.  In addition, in some instances a Fund effecting the larger portion of a combined order may not benefit to the same extent as participants effecting smaller portions of the combined order.  Nonetheless, the Adviser believes that the ability of a Fund to participate in higher volume transactions will generally be beneficial to the Fund.

Because the Funds are newly organized, they have not incurred brokerage commissions as of the date of this SAI.

Brokerage Selection

The Trust does not expect to use one particular broker-dealer to effect the Trust’s portfolio transactions. When one or more broker-dealers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, the Adviser may not select a broker-dealer based on the lowest commission rate available for a particular transaction.  The Adviser does not currently use soft dollars.

Brokerage with Fund Affiliates

Although not expected, the Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds, the Adviser or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the Investment Company Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC.  Under the Investment Company Act and the 1934 Act, affiliated broker-dealers are permitted to receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund on an exchange if a written contract is in effect between the affiliate and the Fund expressly permitting the affiliate to receive and retain such compensation.  These rules further require that commissions paid to the affiliate by a Fund for exchange transactions not exceed usual and customary” brokerage commissions.  The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts that are “reasonable and fair compared to the

 
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commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Board, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, has adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and reviews these procedures periodically.

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers”

The Funds are required to identify any securities of their “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act) that the Funds may hold at the close of their most recent fiscal year.  “Regular brokers and dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares.  Because the Funds are newly organized, they have not completed a fiscal year and therefore have not held any securities of their “regular brokers and dealers.”

THE DISTRIBUTOR

Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, 4th Floor, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the Distributor for the Funds.

Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in Creation Units, as described below under “Transactions in Creation Units.”  Shares in less than Creation Units are not distributed by the Distributor.  The Distributor also acts as agent for the Trust.  The Distributor will deliver a Prospectus to persons purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it.  The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA.  The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Funds or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Funds.

The Board has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.  In accordance with its Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount of 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities.  The Plan was adopted in order to permit the implementation of the Funds’ method of distribution.  No fees are currently paid by any Fund under the Plan, however, and the Board has determined that no such payments will be made through at least October 20, 2015.  In the event such fees were to be charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in a Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis.  If fees were charged under each Plan, the Trustees would receive and review at the end of each quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts expended under the Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.

Each Plan will remain in effect for a period of one year and is renewable from year to year with respect to a Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees, and (2) by a vote of the majority of those Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan (the “Rule 12b-1 Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.  The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Fund unless such amendment is approved by an Investment Company Act majority vote of the outstanding shares and by the Fund Trustees in the manner described above.  A Plan is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by an Investment Company Act majority vote of the outstanding shares.

ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm.  The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.


 
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Legal Counsel

Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2005 Market Street, Suite 2600, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES

Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and registered open-end investment company.  The Trust was organized on October 11, 2013 and has authorized capital of unlimited Shares of beneficial interest of no par value that may be issued in more than one class or series.  Currently, the Trust consists of four actively managed series, the Funds.  The Board may designate additional series and classify Shares of a particular series into one or more classes of that series.

Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual shareholders meeting if the Investment Company Act does not require such a meeting.  Generally, there will not be annual meetings of Trust shareholders, but if requested in writing by shareholders of at least 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, the Trust will call a meeting of shareholders.  Shareholders holding two-thirds of Shares outstanding of the relevant Fund may remove Trustees from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent.

All Shares are freely transferable.  Shares will not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the Shares will have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption or any other feature.  Shares have equal voting rights.  The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust confers upon the Board the power, by resolution, to alter the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that Shares of a Fund may be individually redeemable.  The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of Shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors.  Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits that would have no effect on the NAV of a Fund.

The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders or the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust that are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust.  The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of a Fund’s property for all loss and expense of the Fund’s shareholders being held personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason.  The risk of a Trust shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which a Fund itself would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations and this risk should be considered remote.

If a Fund does not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Fund may cease operations.  In such an event, shareholders may be required to liquidate or transfer their Shares at an inopportune time and shareholders may lose money on their investment.

Book Entry Only System

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Book Entry.”

DTC acts as Securities Depository for Shares.  Shares of the Funds are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.

DTC, a limited purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates.  DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC.  More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA.  Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and

 
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trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants.  Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants).  Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase and sale of Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows.  Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the Shares of a Fund held by each DTC Participant.  The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant.  The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners.  In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Fund distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares.  DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares of a Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee.  Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law.  Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.

TRANSACTIONS IN CREATION UNITS

Each Fund sells and redeems Shares in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at the NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form on any Business Day.  As of the date of this SAI, the Exchange observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.  No Fund will issue fractional Creation Units.

A Creation Unit is an aggregation of 50,000 Shares.  The Board may declare a split or a consolidation in the number of Shares outstanding of a Fund or Trust, and make a corresponding change in the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.

To purchase or redeem any Creation Units from a Fund, you must be, or transact through, an Authorized Participant.  In order to be an Authorized Participant, you must be either a broker-dealer or other participant (“Participating Party”) in the Continuous Net Settlement System (“Clearing Process”) of the NSCC or a participant

 
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in DTC with access to the DTC system (“DTC Participant”), and you must execute an agreement (“Participant Agreement”) with the Distributor that governs transactions in the Fund’s Creation Units.

Transactions by an Authorized Participant that is a Participating Party using the NSCC system are referred to as transactions “through the Clearing Process.”  Transactions by an Authorized Participant that is a DTC Participant using the DTC system are referred to as transactions “outside the Clearing Process.”

Investors who are not Authorized Participants but want to transact in Creation Units may contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants.   An Authorized Participant may require investors to enter into a separate agreement to transact through it for Creation Units and may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in a particular form.  Investors should be aware that their broker may not be an Authorized Participant and, therefore, may need to place any order to purchase or redeem Creation Units through another broker or person that is an Authorized Participant, which may result in additional charges.  There are expected to be a limited number of Authorized Participants at any one time.

Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.  Market disruptions and telephone or other communication failures may impede the transmission of orders.

Purchasing Creation Units

Fund Deposit.  The consideration for a Creation Unit of a Fund is the Fund Deposit.  The Fund Deposit will consist of the In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component, or an all cash payment (“Cash Value”), as determined by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund.

The Cash Component will typically include a “Balancing Amount” reflecting the difference, if any, between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket.  If the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, the purchaser pays the Balancing Amount to a Fund.  By contrast, if the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, a Fund pays the Balancing Amount to the purchaser.  The Balancing Amount ensures that the consideration paid by an investor for a Creation Unit is exactly equal to the value of the Creation Unit.

The Transfer Agent, in a portfolio composition file sent via the NSCC, generally makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), a list of the names and the required number of shares of each security in the In-Kind Creation Basket to be included in the current Fund Deposit for each Fund (based on information about the Fund’s portfolio at the end of the previous Business Day) (subject to amendment or correction).  If applicable, the Transfer Agent, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day, the estimated Cash Component or Cash Value, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per Creation Unit.

The announced Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, for purchases of Creation Units of the Funds until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.  From day to day, the composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket may change as, among other things, corporate actions and investment decisions by the Adviser are implemented for a Fund’s portfolio.  All questions as to the composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities shall be determined by a Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.  Each Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Deposit.

Payment of any stamp duty or the like shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit.  The Authorized Participant must ensure that all Deposit Securities properly denote change in beneficial ownership.

Cash in lieu.  A Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (“cash in lieu”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any security in the In-Kind Creation Basket.  A Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket may not be available

 
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in sufficient quantity for delivery or may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process.  Similarly, a Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the Authorized Participant or its underlying investor is restricted under U.S. or local securities law or policies from transacting in one or more securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket.  Each Fund will comply with the federal securities laws in accepting securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket, including the securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket that are sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act.  All orders involving cash in lieu are considered to be “custom orders.”

Order Cut-Off Time.  For an order involving a Creation Unit to be effectuated at a Fund’s NAV on a particular day, it must be received by the Distributor by or before the deadline for such order (“Order Cut-Off Time”).  The Order Cut-Off Time for creation and redemption orders for the Funds is generally expected to be 4:00 p.m., Eastern time for In-Kind Creation and Redemption Baskets, and 3:00 p.m., Eastern time for Cash Value transactions.  Accordingly, In-Kind Creation and Redemption Baskets are expected to be accepted until the close of regular trading on the Exchange on each Business Day, which is usually 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.  On days when the Exchange or bond markets close earlier than normal (such as the day before a holiday), the Order Cut-Off Time is expected to track the Exchange closing and be similarly earlier than normal.

Custom orders typically clear outside the Clearing Process and, therefore, like other orders outside the Clearing Process, may need to be transmitted early on the relevant Business Day to be effectuated at that day’s NAV.  A custom order may be placed when, for example, an Authorized Participant cannot transact in a security in the In-Kind Creation or Redemption Basket and additional cash is included in a Fund Deposit or Fund Redemption in lieu of such security.  Custom orders may be required to be received by the Distributor by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time to be effectuated based on a Fund’s NAV on that Business Day.

In all cases, cash and securities should be transferred to a Fund by the “Settlement Date,” which is generally the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date for cash and the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date for securities. Persons placing custom orders or orders involving Cash Value should be aware of time deadlines imposed by intermediaries, such as DTC and/or the Federal Reserve Bank wire system, which may delay the delivery of cash and securities by the Settlement Date.

Placement of Creation Orders. All purchase orders must be placed by or through an Authorized Participant.  To order a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable purchase order to the Distributor.  In-kind (portions of) purchase orders will be processed through the Clearing Process when it is available.  The Clearing Process is an enhanced clearing process that is available only for certain securities and only to DTC Participants that are also participants in the Clearing Process of the NSCC.  In-kind (portions of) purchase orders not subject to the Clearing Process will go through a manual clearing process run by DTC.  Fund Deposits that include government securities must be delivered through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system (“Federal Reserve System”).  Fund Deposits that include cash may be delivered through the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System.  Certain orders for the Funds may be made outside the Clearing Process.  In-kind deposits of securities for such orders must be delivered through the Federal Reserve System (for government securities) or through DTC (for corporate securities).

Orders Using Clearing Process.  In connection with creation orders made through the Clearing Process, the Distributor transmits, on behalf of the Authorized Participant, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the creation order.  Pursuant to such trade instructions, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the requisite Fund Deposit to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor.  An order to create Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Business Day the order is placed (“Transmittal Date”) if (i) such order is received by the Distributor by the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.  Cash Components will be delivered using either the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System, as described below.

Orders Outside Clearing Process.  Fund Deposits made outside the Clearing Process must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through DTC.  With respect to such orders, the Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the

 
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requisite number of securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket (whether standard or custom) through DTC to the relevant Trust account by 11:00 a.m., Eastern time (the “DTC Cut-Off Time”) on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date.  The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component, along with any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee, must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than 12:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date.  The delivery of corporate securities through DTC must occur by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date.  The delivery of government securities through the Federal Reserve System must occur by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. 
 
An order to create Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Distributor by the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.  If the Custodian does not receive both the required In-Kind Creation Basket by the DTC Cut-Off Time and the Cash Component by the appointed time, such order may be canceled.  Upon written notice to the Distributor, a canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then-current In-Kind Creation Basket and Cash Component.  Except as provided in Appendix D, the delivery of Creation Units so created will generally occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the order is deemed received by the Distributor.  Authorized Participants that submit a canceled order will be liable to a Fund for any losses resulting therefrom.

Orders involving foreign securities are expected to be settled outside the Clearing Process. Thus, upon receipt of an irrevocable purchase order, the Distributor will notify the Adviser and the Custodian of such order. The Custodian, who will have caused the appropriate local sub-custodian(s) of a Fund to maintain an account into which an Authorized Participant may deliver the Fund Deposit (or cash in lieu), with adjustments determined by a Fund, will then provide information of the order to such local sub-custodian(s). The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the Settlement, by means satisfactory to a Fund, immediately available or same day funds in U.S. dollars estimated by the Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component and Transaction Fee.

While, as stated above, Creation Units are generally delivered no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the order is deemed received by the Distributor, as discussed in Appendix D, the ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF and MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF may settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than the one described above in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances.

Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor in respect of a Fund if: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of a Fund; (iii) the securities delivered do not conform to the In-Kind Creation Basket for the relevant date; (iv) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would have adverse tax consequences to a Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust, a Fund or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust, a Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) in the event that circumstances that are outside the control of the Trust, Custodian, Distributor and Adviser make it practically impossible to process creation orders.  Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; fires, floods or extreme weather conditions; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, the Custodian or sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process; and similar extraordinary events.  The Distributor shall notify an Authorized Participant of its rejection of the order.  A Fund, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits, and they shall not incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

 
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Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Once a Fund has accepted a creation order, upon next determination of a Fund’s NAV, a Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such NAV.  The Distributor will transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.

Except as provided below, a Creation Unit will not be issued until a Fund obtains good title to the Kind-Creation Basket securities and the Cash Component, along with any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee.  Except as provided in Appendix D, the delivery of Creation Units will generally occur no later than the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date for securities.

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date.  In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

With respect to orders involving foreign securities, when the applicable local sub-custodian(s) has confirmed to the Custodian that the In-Kind Creation Basket (or cash in lieu) has been delivered to a Fund’s account at the applicable sub-custodian(s), the Distributor and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit.

Creation Units may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable In-Kind Creation Basket, provided the purchaser tenders an initial deposit consisting of any available securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket and cash equal to the sum of the Cash Component and at least 115% of the market value, as adjusted from time to time by the Adviser, of the In-Kind Creation Basket securities not delivered (“Additional Cash Deposit”).  Such initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Creation Unit on the date the order is placed.  The order shall be deemed to be received on the Transmittal Date provided that it is placed in proper form prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such date, and federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian by the DTC Cut-Off Time the following Business Day.  If the order is not placed in proper form by 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by the DTC Cut-Off Time the next Business Day, then the order will be canceled or deemed unreceived and the Authorized Participant effectuating such transaction will be liable to a Fund for any losses resulting therefrom.

To the extent securities in the In-Kind Creation Basket remain undelivered, pending delivery of such securities additional cash will be required to be deposited with the Trust as necessary to maintain an Additional Cash Deposit equal to at least  115% (as adjusted by the Adviser) of the daily marked-to-market value of the missing securities.  To the extent that either such securities are still not received by 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor or a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification to the purchaser and/or Authorized Participant that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the missing securities, and the Authorized Participant effectuating such transaction will be liable to a Fund for any costs incurred therein or losses resulting therefrom, including any Transaction Fee, any amount by which the actual purchase price of the missing securities exceeds the Additional Cash Deposit or the market value of such securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor, as well as brokerage and related transaction costs.  The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing securities have been received by the Trust.  The delivery of Creation Units so created will generally occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.

Transaction Fees

To compensate the Trust for costs incurred in connection with creation and redemption transactions, investors will be required to pay to the Trust a Transaction Fee as follows:


 
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Fund
Standard Transaction Fee
Variable Charge
     
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
$250*
Up to 2.00%
ValueShares International Quantitative Value ETF
$2,000*
Up to 2.00%
MomentumShares U.S. Quantitative Momentum ETF
$250*
Up to 2.00%
MomentumShares International Quantitative Momentum ETF
$2,000*
Up to 2.00%
 

*  The Transaction Fee may be higher for transactions outside the Clearing Process.

The Standard Transaction Fee applies to in-kind purchases of the Fund effected through the Clearing Process on any Business Day, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased or redeemed that day (assuming, in the case of multiple orders on the same day, that the orders are received at or near the same time).  A Transaction Fee of up to four times the standard fee may apply to creation and redemption transactions that occur outside the Clearing Process.  As shown in the table above, certain Fund Deposits consisting of a Cash Value will be subject to a variable charge of up to 2.00% in addition to the standard Transaction Fee.  With cash received from the variable charge, the Adviser will purchase the necessary securities for the Fund’s portfolio and return any unused portion thereof to the investor.

The Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board, may adjust the Transaction Fee from time to time.  The Standard Creation/Redemption Transaction Fee is based, in part, on the number of holdings in a Fund’s portfolio and may be adjusted on a quarterly basis if the number of holdings increase.  Investors will also be responsible for the costs associated with transferring the securities in the In-Kind Creation (and Redemption) Baskets to (and from) the account of the Trust.  Further, investors who, directly or indirectly, use the services of a broker or other intermediary to compose a Creation Unit in addition to an Authorized Participant to effect a transaction in Creation Units may be charged an additional fee for such services.

Cash Purchase Method.  When cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases.  In the case of a cash purchase, the investor must pay the cash equivalent of the Fund Deposit.  In addition, cash purchases may be subject to Transaction Fees.

Redeeming Creation Units

Fund Redemptions.  Fund Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by a Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day.  The redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and a Cash Redemption Amount, or an all cash payment (“Cash Value”), in all instances equal to the value of a Creation Unit.

There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity in Shares in the secondary market to permit assembly of a Creation Unit.  In addition, investors may incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a Creation Unit.

The Cash Redemption Amount will typically include a Balancing Amount, reflecting the difference, if any, between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket.  If the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, a Fund pays the Balancing Amount to the redeeming investor.  By contrast, if the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, the redeeming investor pays the Balancing Amount to a Fund.

The composition of the In-Kind Creation Basket will normally be the same as the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket.  Otherwise, the In-Kind Redemption Basket will be made available by the Adviser or Transfer Agent.  Each Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Redemption.

In lieu of an In-Kind Redemption Basket and Cash Redemption Amount, Creation Units may be redeemed consisting solely of cash in an amount equal to the NAV of a Creation Unit, which amount is referred to as the

 
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Cash Value.  Such redemptions for the Funds may be subject to a variable charge, as explained above.  If applicable, information about the Cash Value will be made available by the Adviser or Transfer Agent.

From day to day, the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket may change as, among other things, corporate actions are implemented for a Fund’s portfolio.  All questions as to the composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities shall be determined by a Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed: (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares or determination of a Fund’s NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as permitted by the SEC, including as described below.

Cash in lieu.  A Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (“cash in lieu”) to be added to the Cash Redemption Amount to replace any security in the In-Kind Redemption Basket.  A Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process.  Similarly, a Fund may permit or require cash in lieu when, for example, the Authorized Participant or its underlying investor is restricted under U.S. or local securities law or policies from transacting in one or more securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket.  Each Fund will comply with the federal securities laws in satisfying redemptions with the applicable In-Kind Redemption Basket, including the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket that are sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act.  All redemption orders involving cash in lieu are considered to be “custom redemptions.”

Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemptions must be placed to the Transfer Agent through the Distributor.  In addition, redemption orders must be processed either through the DTC process or the Clearing Process.  To redeem a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable redemption order to the Distributor.

An Authorized Participant submitting a redemption order is deemed to represent to a Fund that it or, if applicable, the investor on whose behalf it is acting, (i) owns outright or has full legal authority and legal beneficial right to tender for redemption the Creation Unit to be redeemed and can receive the entire proceeds of the redemption, and (ii) all of the Shares in the Creation Unit to be redeemed have not been borrowed, loaned or pledged to another party nor are they the subject of a repurchase agreement, securities lending agreement or such other arrangement which would preclude the delivery of such Shares to the Fund.  A Fund reserves the absolute right, in its sole discretion, to verify these representations, but will typically require verification in connection with higher levels of redemption activity and/or short interest in the Fund.  If the Authorized Participant, upon receipt of a verification report, does not provide sufficient verification of the requested representations, the redemption order will not be considered to be in proper form and may be rejected by a Fund.

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date.  In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

Placement of Redemption Orders Using Clearing Process.  Orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process are deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cut-Off Time on such Transmittal Date, and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.  Orders deemed received will be effectuated based on the NAV of a Fund as next determined.  An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Trust after the Order Cut-Off Time will be deemed received on the next Business Day and will be effected at the NAV next determined on such next Business Day.  In connection with such orders, the Distributor transmits on behalf of the Authorized Participant such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the redemption.  Pursuant to such trade instructions, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the requisite Creation Unit(s) to a Fund, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor.  Cash Redemption Amounts will be delivered using either the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System.  The applicable In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred to the investor by the third NSCC business day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.

 
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Placement of Redemption Orders Outside Clearing Process.  Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units will instead be effected through transfer of Shares directly through DTC.  Such orders are deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cut-Off Time on the Transmittal Date; (ii) such order is accompanied or followed by the delivery of both (a) the Creation Unit(s), which delivery must be made through DTC to the Custodian no later than the DTC Cut-Off Time on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and (b) the Cash Redemption Amount by 12:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.  After the Trust has deemed such an order received, the Trust will initiate procedures to transfer, and expect to deliver, the requisite In-Kind Redemption Basket and/or any Cash Redemption Amount owed to the redeeming party by the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date on which such redemption order is deemed received by the Trust.

Orders involving foreign securities are expected to be settled outside the Clearing Process. Thus, upon receipt of an irrevocable redemption order, the Distributor will notify the Adviser and the Custodian. The Custodian will then provide information of the redemption to the Fund’s local sub-custodian(s). The redeeming Authorized Participant, or the investor on whose behalf it is acting, will have established appropriate arrangements with a broker-dealer, bank or other custody provider in each jurisdiction in which the securities are customarily traded and to which such securities (and any cash in lieu) can be delivered from a Fund’s accounts at the applicable local sub-custodian(s).

The calculation of the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received upon redemption will be made by the Custodian computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Trust.  Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the Transfer Agent by a DTC Participant or an Authorized Participant with the ability to transact through the Federal Reserve System, as applicable, not later than Closing Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered to the Custodian prior to the DTC Cut-Off-Time, then the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be determined by the Custodian on such Transmittal Date.  If, however, either: (i) the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC Cut-Off-Time, as described above, or (ii) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date.  In such case, the value of the In-Kind Redemption Basket and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be computed on the Business Day following the Transmittal Date provided that the Fund Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to the Custodian by 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, the following Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.

If it is not possible to effect deliveries of the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem Shares in cash, and the redeeming beneficial owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash.  In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that a Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit.  In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a Transaction Fee, including a variable charge, if applicable, as described above).

A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket, or cash in lieu of some securities added to the Cash Component, but in no event will the total value of the securities delivered and the cash transmitted differ from the NAV.  Redemptions of Fund Shares for the In-Kind Redemption Basket will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the securities in the In-Kind Redemption Basket under such laws.  An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the In-Kind Redemption Basket applicable to the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an equivalent amount of cash.  The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming beneficial owner of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment, beneficial ownership of shares or delivery instructions.

 
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Delivery of Redemption Basket.  Once a Fund has accepted a redemption order, upon next determination of the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will confirm the issuance of an In-Kind Redemption Basket, against receipt of the Creation Unit(s) at such NAV, any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee.  A Creation Unit tendered for redemption and the payment of the Cash Redemption Amount, any cash in lieu and Transaction Fee will be effected through DTC.  The Authorized Participant, or the investor on whose behalf it is acting, will be recorded on the book-entry system of DTC.

In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date.  In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

Cash Redemption Method.  When cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions.  In the case of a cash redemption, the investor will receive the cash equivalent of the In-Kind Redemption Basket minus any Transaction Fees.

Settlement of Foreign Securities and Regular Foreign Holidays

The Funds generally intend to effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities on a basis of the Transmittal Date (“T”) plus three Business Days (i.e., days on which the national securities exchange is open) (“T+3”). The Funds may effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities on a basis other than T+3 in order to accommodate local holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates or under certain other circumstances. Given that foreign securities settle in accordance with the normal rules of settlement of such securities in the applicable foreign market, coupled with foreign market holiday schedules, the Settlement Date may be up to 14 calendar days after the Transmittal Date in certain circumstances.

The ability of the Trust to effect in-kind creations and redemptions within three Business Days of receipt of an order in good form is subject, among other things, to the condition that, within the time period from the date of the order to the date of delivery of the securities, there are no days that are holidays in the applicable foreign market. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of the local holiday periods. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within normal settlement periods. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays or changes in local securities delivery practices could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.

Because the Funds’ portfolio securities may trade on days that the Funds’ Exchange is closed or on days that are not Business Days for the Funds, Authorized Participants may not be able to redeem their Shares, or to purchase and sell Shares on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Funds could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.

A schedule of regular foreign holidays applicable to the Funds is included in Appendix D.

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

Each Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:

• Taking the current market value of its total assets,
• Subtracting any liabilities, and
• Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.

 
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If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV.  Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.

Because securities listed on foreign exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when a Fund does not price its Shares, the NAV of the Fund, to the extent it may hold foreign securities, may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares.

If an equity security is listed on a national exchange, the security is valued at the closing price or, if the closing price is not readily available, the mean of the closing bid and asked prices.  Equity securities not listed on an exchange or national securities market are valued at the last reported sale price. Equity securities in which there was no last reported sale price will be valued at the most recent bid price.

If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, a Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board.  In addition, a Fund may use fair valuation to price securities that trade on a foreign exchange, if any, when a significant event has occurred after the foreign exchange closes but before the time at which the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Foreign exchanges typically close before the time at which Fund Share prices are calculated, and may be closed altogether on some days when a Fund is open. Such significant events affecting a foreign security, in the event a Fund holds foreign securities, may include, but are not limited to: corporate actions, earnings announcements, litigation or other events impacting a single issuer; governmental action that affects securities in one sector or country; natural disasters or armed conflicts affecting a country or region; or significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations. If a Fund holds foreign securities, it would use various criteria, including an evaluation of U.S. market moves after the close of foreign markets, in determining whether a foreign security’s market price is readily available and reflective of market value and, if not, the fair value of the security.

To the extent a Fund has holdings of foreign or other securities that may trade infrequently, fair valuation may be used more frequently than for other funds. Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund Shares. However, when a Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare a Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.

Repurchase agreements are generally valued at par. Pricing services will be used to determine the value of a fixed income investment. In certain circumstances, short-term instruments may be valued on the basis of amortized cost.

A Fund’s portfolio holdings may also consist of shares of other investment companies, including ETFs, in which the Fund invests. The value of each such investment company will be its NAV at the time the Fund’s shares are priced. Each investment company calculates its NAV based on the current market value for its portfolio holdings. Each investment company values securities and other instruments in a manner as described in that investment company’s prospectus.

The value of assets denominated in foreign currencies is converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates deemed appropriate by a Fund.

TAXES

The following is a summary of certain additional tax considerations generally affecting a Fund and its shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.

 
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This “Taxes” section is based on the Code and applicable regulations in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.

This is for general information only and not tax advice. All investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the federal, state, local and foreign tax provisions applicable to them.

Taxation of the Funds

Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. Losses in one Fund do not offset gains in another Fund and the requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying for regulated investment company status as described below are determined at the Fund level rather than the Trust level.

Each Fund has elected and intends to qualify, or, if newly organized, intends to elect and qualify, each year as a regulated investment company (sometimes referred to as a “regulated investment company,” “RIC” or “fund”) under Subchapter M of the Code. If a Fund so qualifies, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, generally, taxable interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains, and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes to shareholders.

In order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, each Fund must satisfy the following requirements:

 
·
Distribution Requirement —a Fund must distribute an amount equal to the sum of at least 90% of its investment company taxable income and 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).
 
 
·
Income Requirement —a Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”).
 
 
·
Asset Diversification Test —a Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, in the securities of one or more QPTPs.
 
In some circumstances, the character and timing of income realized by a Fund for purposes of the Income Requirement or the identification of the issuer for purposes of the Asset Diversification Test is uncertain under current law with respect to a particular investment, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to such type of investment may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to satisfy these requirements. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions” below with respect to the application of these requirements to certain types of investments. In other circumstances, a Fund may be required to sell portfolio holdings in order to meet the Income Requirement, Distribution Requirement, or Asset Diversification Test, which may have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. In lieu of potential disqualification, a Fund is permitted to pay a tax for certain failures to satisfy the Asset Diversification Test or Income Requirement, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect.

 
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Each Fund may use “equalization accounting” (in lieu of making some cash distributions) in determining the portion of its income and gains that has been distributed. If a Fund uses equalization accounting, it will allocate a portion of its undistributed investment company taxable income and net capital gain to redemptions of Fund Shares and will correspondingly reduce the amount of such income and gains that it distributes in cash. If the IRS determines that a Fund’s allocation is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax. If, as a result of such adjustment, the Fund fails to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, the Fund will not qualify that year as a regulated investment company the effect of which is described in the following paragraph.

If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders, and the dividends would be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on a Fund’s income and performance. Subject to savings provisions for certain failures to satisfy the Income Requirement or Asset Diversification Test, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that a Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, a Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.

Portfolio Turnover. For investors that hold their Fund Shares in a taxable account, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in higher taxes. This is because a fund with a high turnover rate is likely to accelerate the recognition of capital gains and more of such gains are likely to be taxable as short-term rather than long-term capital gains in contrast to a comparable fund with a low turnover rate. Any such higher taxes would reduce the Fund’s after-tax performance. See, “Taxation of Fund Distributions - Distributions of Capital Gains” below. For non-U.S. investors, any such acceleration of the recognition of capital gains that results in more short-term and less long-term capital gains being recognized by the Fund may cause such investors to be subject to increased U.S. withholding taxes. See, “Non-U.S. Investors –Capital Gain Dividends” and “Short- Term Capital Gain Dividends and Interest Related Dividends” below.

Capital Loss Carryovers. The capital losses of a Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, a Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. Rules similar to those that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals apply to RICs. Thus, if a Fund has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Fund's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of a Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years.  The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% “change in ownership” of a Fund. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or more of a Fund increase their aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate, thereby reducing a Fund’s ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to a Fund’s shareholders could result from an ownership change. The Funds undertake no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and redemptions or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another fund. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond a Fund’s control, there can be no assurance that a Fund will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change. Additionally, if a Fund engages in a tax-free reorganization with another fund, the effect of these and other rules not discussed herein may be to disallow or postpone the use by a Fund of its capital loss carryovers (including any current year losses and built-in losses when realized) to offset its own gains or those of the other fund, or vice versa, thereby reducing the tax benefits Fund shareholders would otherwise have enjoyed from use of such capital loss carryovers.

 
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Deferral of Late Year Losses. A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year (see, “Taxation of Fund Distributions - Distributions of capital gains” below). A “qualified late year loss” includes:
 
 
(i)
any net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (“post- October losses”), and

 
(ii)
the excess, if any, of (1) the sum of (a) specified losses incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, and (b) other ordinary losses incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year, over (2) the sum of (a) specified gains incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, and (b) other ordinary gains incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year.

The terms “specified losses” and “specified gains” mean ordinary losses and gains from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property), foreign currency losses and gains, and losses and gains resulting from holding stock in a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. The terms “ordinary losses” and “ordinary gains” mean other ordinary losses and gains that are not described in the preceding sentence.

Undistributed Capital Gains. A Fund may retain or distribute to shareholders its net capital gain for each taxable year. The Funds currently intend to distribute net capital gains. If a Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, the Fund will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%). If a Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, it is expected that the Fund also will elect to have shareholders treated as if each received a distribution of its pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, will receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by the Fund on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for its Shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.

Federal Excise Tax. To avoid a 4% non-deductible excise tax, a Fund must distribute by December 31 of each year an amount equal to at least: (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (that is, the excess of the gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for the one-year period ended on October 31 of such calendar year, and (3) any prior year undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income. A Fund may elect to defer to the following year any net ordinary loss incurred for the portion of the calendar year which is after the beginning of the Fund’s taxable year. Also, a Fund will defer any “specified gain” or “specified loss” which would be properly taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31. Any net ordinary loss, specified gain, or specified loss deferred shall be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. Generally, each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid any material liability for federal income and excise tax, but can give no assurances that all or a portion of such liability will be avoided. In addition, under certain circumstances, temporary timing or permanent differences in the realization of income and expense for book and tax purposes can result in a Fund having to pay an excise tax.

Foreign Income Tax. Investment income received by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income tax withheld at the source and the amount of tax withheld generally will be treated as an expense of the Fund. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries which entitle a Fund to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax on such income. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of a Fund’s assets to be invested in various countries is not known. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may elect to pass-through foreign tax credits to shareholders, although it reserves the right not to do so.

Purchase of Shares. As a result of tax requirements, the Trust on behalf of each Fund has the right to reject an order to purchase Shares if the purchaser (or group of purchasers acting in concert with each other) would, upon obtaining the Shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the Deposit Securities different from the market value of such

 
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securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.

Taxation of Fund Distributions

Each Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain for each taxable year. Distributions by a Fund will be treated in the manner described below regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund (or of another fund). A Fund will send you information annually as to the federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year.

Distributions of Net Investment Income. Each Fund receives ordinary income generally in the form of dividends and/or interest on its investments. A Fund may also recognize ordinary income from other sources, including, but not limited to, certain gains on foreign currency-related transactions. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of a Fund, constitutes a Fund’s net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, distributions of net investment income generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. In the case of a Fund whose strategy includes investing in stocks of corporations, a portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. See the discussion below under the headings, “– Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals” and “– Dividends-Received Deduction for Corporations.”

Distributions of Capital Gains. Each Fund may derive capital gain and loss in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Distributions derived from the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions paid from the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your Shares in a Fund. Any net short-term or long-term capital gain realized by a Fund (net of any capital loss carryovers) generally will be distributed once each year and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund.

Returns of Capital. Distributions by a Fund that are not paid from earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder’s tax basis in his Shares; any excess will be treated as gain from the sale of his Shares. Thus, the portion of a distribution that constitutes a return of capital will decrease the shareholder’s tax basis in his Fund Shares (but not below zero), and will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on the later sale of such Fund Shares. Return of capital distributions can occur for a number of reasons including, among others, a Fund over-estimates the income to be received from certain investments such as those classified as partnerships or equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) (see, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions – Investments in U.S. REITs” below).

Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals. Ordinary income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals and other noncorporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. “Qualified dividend income” means dividends paid to a Fund (a) by domestic corporations, (b) by foreign corporations that are either (i) incorporated in a possession of the United States, or (ii) are eligible for benefits under certain income tax treaties with the United States that include an exchange of information program, or (c) with respect to stock of a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Both a Fund and the investor must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, a Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, investors must hold their Fund Shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before a Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. Income derived from investments in derivatives, fixed-income securities, U.S. REITs, PFICs, and income received “in lieu of” dividends in a securities lending transaction generally is not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income. If the qualifying dividend income received by a Fund is equal to or greater than 95% of the Fund's gross income (exclusive of net capital gain) in any taxable year, all of the ordinary income dividends paid by the Fund will be qualifying dividend income.

 
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Dividends-Received Deduction for Corporations. For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by a Fund may qualify for the 70% corporate dividends-received deduction. The portion of dividends paid by a Fund that so qualifies will be reported by the Fund to shareholders each year and cannot exceed the gross amount of dividends received by the Fund from domestic (U.S.) corporations. The availability of the dividends-received deduction is subject to certain holding period and debt financing restrictions that apply to both a Fund and the investor. Specifically, the amount that a Fund may report as eligible for the dividends-received deduction will be reduced or eliminated if the Shares on which the dividends earned by the Fund were debt-financed or held by the Fund for less than a minimum period of time, generally 46 days during a 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, if your Fund Shares are debt-financed or held by you for less than a 46-day period then the dividends-received deduction for Fund dividends on your Shares may also be reduced or eliminated. Even if reported as dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction, all dividends (including any deducted portion) must be included in your alternative minimum taxable income calculation. Income derived by a Fund from investments in derivatives, fixed-income and foreign securities generally is not eligible for this treatment.

Impact of Realized but Undistributed Income and Gains, and Net Unrealized Appreciation of Portfolio Securities. At the time of your purchase of Shares, a Fund’s net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities held by the Fund. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable, and would be taxed as ordinary income (some portion of which may be taxed as qualified dividend income), capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. A Fund may be able to reduce the amount of such distributions from capital gains by utilizing its capital loss carryovers, if any.

Pass-Through of Foreign Tax Credits. If more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the end of a fiscal year is invested in foreign securities, the Fund may elect to pass through to you your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a Fund may report more taxable income to you than it actually distributes. You will then be entitled either to deduct your share of these taxes in computing your taxable income, or to claim a foreign tax credit for these taxes against your U.S. federal income tax (subject to limitations for certain shareholders). A Fund will provide you with the information necessary to claim this deduction or credit on your personal income tax return if it makes this election. No deduction for foreign tax may be claimed by a noncorporate shareholder who does not itemize deductions or who is subject to the alternative minimum tax. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate shares of the foreign income tax paid by a Fund due to certain limitations that may apply. Each Fund reserves the right not to pass through to its shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. Additionally, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions – Securities Lending” below.

U.S. Government Securities. Income earned on certain U.S. government obligations is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by a Fund. Income on investments by a Fund in certain other obligations, such as repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., GNMA or FNMA obligations), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.

Dividends Declared in December and Paid in January. Ordinarily, shareholders are required to take distributions by the Fund into account in the year in which the distributions are made. However, dividends declared in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month will be deemed to have been received by the shareholders (and made by the Fund) on December 31 of such calendar year if such dividends are actually paid in January of the following year. Shareholders will be advised annually as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year in accordance with the guidance that has been provided by the IRS.

Medicare Tax. A 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on net investment income earned by certain individuals, estates and trusts. “Net investment income,” for these purposes, means investment income, including ordinary dividends

 
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and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund Shares, reduced by the deductions properly allocable to such income. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (1) the shareholder’s net investment income or (2) the amount by which the shareholder’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case).  This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

Sales, Exchanges and Redemption of Fund Shares

Sales, exchanges and redemptions (including redemptions in kind) of Fund Shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you redeem your Fund Shares, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your redemption. If you held your Shares as a capital asset, the gain or loss that you realize will be a capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term, generally depending on how long you have held your Shares. Any redemption fees you incur on Shares redeemed will decrease the amount of any capital gain (or increase any capital loss) you realize on the sale. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a noncorporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income.

Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units. An Authorized Participant who exchanges equity securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of purchase and the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and the Cash Component paid. A person who exchanges Creation Units for equity securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate market value of the securities received and the Cash Redemption Amount. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

Under current federal tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less.

If the Fund redeems Creation Units in cash, it may recognize more capital gains than it will if it redeems Creation Units in-kind.

Tax Basis Information. A Fund will be required to provide shareholders with cost basis information on the redemption of any of the shareholder’s Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions for exempt recipients. This cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Shares purchased in a Fund on or after January 1, 2012. If you hold your Fund Shares through a broker (or other nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account.

Wash Sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on a redemption of your Fund Shares will be disallowed to the extent that you buy other Shares in the Fund (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after your Share redemption. Any loss disallowed under these rules will be added to your tax basis in the new Shares.

Redemptions at a Loss Within Six Months of Purchase. Any loss incurred on a redemption or exchange of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributed to you by the Fund on those Shares.

Reportable Transactions.  Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 
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Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions

Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities, investment techniques and transactions that may apply to a fund and, in turn, affect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the fund to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion above under “Investment Objective, Investment Strategies and Risks” for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to a Fund.

In General. In general, gain or loss recognized by a fund on the sale or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character, of certain gains or losses.

Certain Fixed Income Investments.  Gain recognized on the disposition of a debt obligation purchased by a fund at a market discount (generally, at a price less than its principal amount) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of the market discount that accrued during the period of time the fund held the debt obligation unless the fund made a current inclusion election to accrue market discount into income as it accrues. If a fund purchases a debt obligation (such as a zero-coupon security or payment-in-kind security) that was originally issued at a discount, the fund generally is required to include in gross income each year the portion of the original issue discount that accrues during such year. Therefore, a  fund’s investment in such securities may cause the fund to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on the securities.  To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, a fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of fund shares.

Investments in Debt Obligations that are at Risk of or in Default Present Tax Issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent a fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when a fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent a fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how a fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a fund in order to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company.

Foreign Currency Transactions. A fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.  This treatment could increase or decrease a fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.  In certain cases, a fund may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.

PFIC Investments. A fund may invest in securities of foreign companies that may be classified under the Code as PFICs. In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, a fund intends to mark-to-market these securities under certain provisions of the Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the fund’s fiscal and excise tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that a fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by a fund. Foreign companies are not required to identify themselves as PFICs. Due to various complexities in identifying PFICs, a fund can give no assurances that it will be able to identify portfolio securities in foreign corporations that are PFICs in time for the fund to make a mark-to-market election. If a fund is unable to identify

 
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an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on a fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

Investments in Partnerships and QPTPs. For purposes of the Income Requirement, income derived by a fund from a partnership that is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the fund. While the rules are not entirely clear with respect to a fund investing in a partnership outside a master-feeder structure, for purposes of testing whether a fund satisfies the Asset Diversification Test, the fund generally is treated as owning a pro rata share of the underlying assets of a partnership. See, “Taxation of the Funds.” In contrast, different rules apply to a partnership that is a QPTP. A QPTP is a partnership (a) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market, (b) that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (c) that derives less than 90% of its income from sources that satisfy the Income Requirement (e.g., because it invests in commodities). All of the net income derived by a fund from an interest in a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income but the fund may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in one or more QPTPs. However, there can be no assurance that a partnership classified as a QPTP in one year will qualify as a QPTP in the next year. Any such failure to annually qualify as a QPTP might, in turn, cause a fund to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a fund with respect to items attributable to an interest in a QPTP. Fund investments in partnerships, including in QPTPs, may result in the fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

Securities Lending. While securities are loaned out by a fund, the fund generally will receive from the borrower amounts equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made “in lieu of” dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the 70% dividends received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders.

Investments in Convertible Securities.  Convertible debt is ordinarily treated as a “single property” consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest. If the security is issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium over the life of the bond.  If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt. The creditor-holder's exercise of the conversion privilege is treated as a nontaxable event.  Mandatorily convertible debt (e.g., an exchange traded note or ETN issued in the form of an unsecured obligation that pays a return based on the performance of a specified market index, exchange currency, or commodity) is often, but not always, treated as a contract to buy or sell the reference property rather than debt.  Similarly, convertible preferred stock with a mandatory conversion feature is ordinarily, but not always, treated as equity rather than debt.  Dividends received generally are qualified dividend income and eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction. In general, conversion of preferred stock for common stock of the same corporation is tax-free. Conversion of preferred stock for cash is a taxable redemption. Any redemption premium for preferred stock that is redeemable by the issuing company might be required to be amortized under original issue discount principles.

Investments in Securities of Uncertain Tax Character. A fund may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by a fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the fund, requiring the fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

Backup Withholding

By law, a Fund may be required to withhold a portion of your taxable dividends and sales proceeds unless you:

 
38

 

 
·
provide your correct social security or taxpayer identification number,
 
·
certify that this number is correct,
 
·
certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, and
 
·
certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien).

A Fund also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any distributions or proceeds paid. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding and information reporting. The special U.S. tax certification requirements applicable to non-U.S. investors to avoid backup withholding are described under the “Non-U.S. Investors” heading below.

Non-U.S. Investors

Non-U.S. investors (shareholders who, as to the United States, are nonresident alien individuals, foreign trusts or estates, foreign corporations, or foreign partnerships) may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of the appropriate forms to certify their status.

In General.  The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a withholding tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends, including on income dividends, paid to you by a Fund, subject to certain exemptions described below.  However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares, will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

Capital Gain Dividends.  In general, capital gain dividends reported by a Fund to shareholders as paid from its net long-term capital gains, other than long-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see the discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.

Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends and Interest-Related Dividends.  The prior exemptions from U.S. withholding for interest-related dividends paid by a Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends have expired.  With respect to taxable years of a Fund that began before January 1, 2014, short-term capital gain dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as paid from its net short-term capital gains, other than short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see the discussion below), were not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you were a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.  Similarly, with respect to taxable years of a Fund that began before January 1, 2014, dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as interest-related dividends and paid from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources were not subject to U.S. withholding tax. “Qualified interest income” included, in general, U.S. source (1) bank deposit interest, (2) short-term original discount, (3) interest (including original issue discount, market discount, or acquisition discount) on an obligation that is in registered form, unless it is earned on an obligation issued by a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is a 10-percent shareholder or is contingent interest, and (4) any interest-related dividend from another regulated investment company.  It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend these exemptions to taxable years of a fund beginning on or after January 1, 2014 or what the terms of any such extension would be, including whether such extension would have retroactive effect.  If the exemptions are reinstated, a Fund reserves the right to not report small amounts of short-term capital gain dividends or interest-related dividends.  Additionally, a Fund’s reporting of short-term capital gain dividends or interest-related dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints.

Net Investment Income from Dividends on Stock and Foreign Source Interest Income Continue to be Subject to Withholding Tax; Foreign Tax Credits. Ordinary dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax.  Foreign shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding

 
39

 

tax at a rate of 30% on the income resulting from an election to pass-through foreign tax credits to shareholders, but may not be able to claim a credit or deduction with respect to the withholding tax for the foreign tax treated as having been paid by them.

Income Effectively Connected with a U.S. Trade or Business. If the income from a Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and any gains realized upon the sale or redemption of Shares of the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations and require the filing of a nonresident U.S. income tax return.

Investment in U.S. Real Property. The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a U.S. real property interest (“USRPI”) as if he or she were a U.S. person.  Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain.  A Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in USRPI, which may trigger FIRPTA gain to the Fund’s non-U.S. shareholders.

The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain when a RIC is classified as a qualified investment entity.  A RIC will be classified as a qualified investment entity only with respect to any distribution by the RIC which is attributable directly or indirectly to a distribution to the RIC from a U.S. REIT (“FIRPTA distribution”) and if, in general, 50% or more of the RIC’s assets consist of interests in U.S. REITs and other U.S. real property holding corporations (“USRPHC”).  If a RIC is a qualified investment entity and the non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the FIRPTA distribution, the FIRPTA distribution to the non-U.S. shareholder is treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distribution to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35% (unless reduced by future regulations), and requiring the non-US shareholder to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.  In addition, even if the non-U.S. shareholder does not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, the FIRPTA distribution will be taxable as ordinary dividends (rather than as a capital gain or short-term capital gain dividend) subject to withholding at 30% or lower treaty rate.

It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend the look-through rules previously in effect before January 1, 2014 for distributions of FIRPTA gain to other types of distributions on or after January 1, 2014 from a RIC to a non-US shareholder from the RIC’s direct or indirect investment in USRPI or what the terms of any such extension would be, including whether such extension would have retroactive effect.

U.S. Estate Tax. Transfers by gift of Shares of a Fund by a foreign shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. An individual who, at the time of death, is a non-U.S. shareholder will nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal estate tax with respect to Fund Shares at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents, unless a treaty exemption applies. If a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nonetheless need to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption in order to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund Shares) as to which the U.S. federal estate tax lien has been released. In the absence of a treaty, there is a $13,000 statutory estate tax credit (equivalent to U.S. situs assets with a value of $60,000). For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000, a Fund may accept, in lieu of a transfer certificate, an affidavit from an appropriate individual evidencing that decedent’s U.S. situs assets are below this threshold amount.

U.S. Tax Certification Rules. Special U.S. tax certification requirements may apply to non-U.S. shareholders both to avoid U.S. backup withholding imposed at a rate of 28% and to obtain the benefits of any treaty between the United States and the shareholder’s country of residence. In general, if you are a non-U.S. shareholder, you  must provide a Form W-8 BEN (or other applicable Form W-8) to establish that you are not a U.S. person, to claim that you are the beneficial owner of the income and, if applicable, to claim a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding as a resident of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty. A Form W-8 BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number will remain in effect for a period beginning on the date signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless an earlier change of circumstances makes the information on the form incorrect. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.

The tax consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with

 
40

 

respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in a Fund, including the applicability of foreign tax.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”).  Under FATCA, a Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on (a) income dividends paid by the Fund after June 30, 2014, and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after December 31, 2016, to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions (“FFI”) or non-financial foreign entities (“NFFE”), that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts.  The FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them.  The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with a number of other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA; an entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding if it is deemed compliant or by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code (“FFI agreement”) under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and meet certain other specified requirements. The FFI will either report the specified information about the U.S. accounts to the IRS, or, to the government of the FFI’s country of residence (pursuant to the terms and conditions of applicable law and an applicable IGA entered into between the US and the FFI’s country of residence), which will, in turn, report the specified information to the IRS.  An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid the FATCA withholding tax generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner.  The NFFE will report the information to a Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report the information to the IRS.

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA.  An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding.  Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of these requirements on their investment in the Fund.  The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.  Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation.

Effect of Future Legislation; Local Tax Considerations

The foregoing general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and any such changes or decisions may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein. Rules of state and local taxation of ordinary income, qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends may differ from the rules for U.S. federal income taxation described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in a Fund.



 
41

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

VALUESHARES U.S. QUANTITATIVE VALUE ETF
STATEMENT OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES

As of October 14, 2014
 

Assets
            Cash at Custodian
$    100,000
 
 
Total Assets
$    100,000  
     
Total Liabilities
$              --  
     
     
Net Assets
 
$    100,000
 
 
     
Component of Net Assets
   
Paid-in-capital
 
$    100,000
 
 
     
Net Assets
 
$    100,000
 
 
     
     
Shares issued and outstanding, $25 per share at issuance, unlimited shares authorized
          4,000  
 
 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.
 

 
42

 

VALUESHARES U.S. QUANTITATIVE VALUE ETF
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT
AS OF OCTOBER 14, 2014

1. Organization

ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF (the “Fund”) is one series of Alpha Architect ETF Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end management investment company consisting of multiple investment series, organized as a Delaware statutory trust on October 11, 2013. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company and the offering of the Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The investment objective of the Fund is to seek long-term capital appreciation. The Trust has had no operations as of October 14, 2014, other than matters relating to its organization as an open-end management investment company with the SEC under the 1940 Act, registration of the Trust’s shares under the Securities Act, and the sale and issuance of 4,000 shares of the Fund to Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”), in exchange for a contribution of $100,000, which represented the initial capital of $25 per share.

The Fund currently offers one class of shares, which has no front end sales load, no deferred sales charge, and no redemption fee. The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, with no par value. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges.

Shares of the Fund will be listed and traded on the BATS Exchange, Inc. Market prices for the Shares may be different from their net asset value (“NAV”). The Fund will issue and redeem Shares on a continuous basis at NAV only in large blocks of Shares, typically 50,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.” Creation Units will be issued and redeemed principally in-kind for securities included in a specified universe. Once created, Shares generally will trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day in amounts less than a Creation Unit. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable securities of a Fund. Shares of a Fund may only be purchased or redeemed by certain financial institutions (“Authorized Participants”). An Authorized Participant is either (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation or (ii) a DTC participant and, in each case, must have executed a Participant Agreement with the Distributor. Most retail investors will not qualify as Authorized Participants or have the resources to buy and sell whole Creation Units. Therefore, they will be unable to purchase or redeem the shares directly from the Fund. Rather, most retail investors will purchase shares in the secondary market with the assistance of a broker and will be subject to customary brokerage commissions or fees.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund. These policies are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at October 14, 2014. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 
43

 

Federal Income Taxes

The Fund intends to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If so qualified, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains to its shareholders.

Organizational and Offering Costs

All organizational and offering costs for the Fund will be borne by the Adviser.

3. Commitments and Other Related Party Transactions

Pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (“Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser, the Adviser provides investment advice to the Fund and oversees the day-to-day operations of the Fund, subject to the direction and control of the Board and the officers of the Trust. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser bears all of its own costs associated with providing advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan, brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.  For services provided to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser 0.79% at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets.

4. Beneficial Ownership

The beneficial ownership, either directly or indirectly, of more than 25% of the voting securities of a fund creates a presumption of control of the fund, under Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. As of the date of this financial statement, the Adviser owned 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.


 
44

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholder of
ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF
 
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF (the “Fund”), as of October 14, 2014.  The financial statement is the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statement based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. Our procedures included confirmation of cash as of October 14, 2014, by correspondence with the custodian. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ValueShares U.S. Quantitative Value ETF as of October 14, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
October 14, 2014

 
45

 

Appendix A

Alpha Architect ETF Trust

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Overview
 
Effective April 14, 2003, the SEC adopted rule and form amendments under the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the ICA to require registered management investment companies to provide disclosure about how they vote proxies for their portfolio securities (collectively, the rule and form amendments are referred to herein as the “Proxy Rule”).
 
Consistent with its fiduciary duties and pursuant to the Proxy Rule, the Board has adopted this proxy voting policy on behalf of the Trust (the “Proxy Policy”) to reflect its commitment to ensure that proxies are voted in a manner consistent with the best interests of each Fund’s shareholders.  While decisions about how to vote must be determined on a case-by-case basis, proxy voting decisions will be made considering these guidelines and following the procedures recited herein.  This policy may be amended, from time to time, as determined by the Board.
 
The Proxy Rule requires that each Fund of the Trust disclose the policies and procedures used to determine how to vote proxies for portfolio securities. The Proxy Rule also requires each Fund to file with the SEC and to make available to their shareholders the specific proxy votes cast for portfolio securities.
 
Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority to Fund Adviser
 
The Board believes that the investment adviser (or sub-adviser as the case may be) of each Fund, as the entity that selects the individual securities that comprise its Fund’s portfolio, is the most knowledgeable and best-suited entity to make decisions on how to vote proxies of portfolio companies held by that Fund.  Therefore, subject to the oversight of the Board, the Trust shall defer to and rely on the adviser of each Fund to make decisions on how to cast proxy votes on behalf of such Fund.
 
The Trust hereby designates the adviser of each Fund as the entity responsible for exercising proxy voting authority with regard to securities held in the Fund’s investment portfolio.  Consistent with its duties under this Policy, the adviser shall monitor and review corporate transactions of corporations in which the Fund has invested, obtain all information sufficient to allow an informed vote on all proxy solicitations, ensure that all proxy votes are cast in a timely fashion, and maintain all records required to be maintained by the Fund under the Proxy Rule and the ICA.  The adviser shall perform these duties in accordance with the adviser’s proxy voting policy, a copy of which shall be presented to the Board for its review.  The adviser shall promptly provide to the Board updates to its proxy voting policy as they are adopted and implemented.
 
The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees of the Board, shall approve the adviser’s voting policy as it relates to each Fund. The Board shall also approve any material changes to the adviser’s voting policy no later than four (4) months after adoption by the adviser. 
 
Conflict of Interest Transactions
 
In some instances, the Adviser may be asked to cast a proxy vote that presents a conflict between the interests of a Fund’s shareholders, and those of the Adviser or an affiliated person of the Adviser.  In such case, the adviser is instructed to abstain from making a voting decision and to forward all necessary proxy voting materials to the Trust to enable the Board to make a voting decision.  
 
 When the Board is required to make a proxy voting decision, only the Trustees without a conflict of interest with regard to the security in question or the matter to be voted upon shall be permitted to participate in the decision of how the Fund’s vote will be cast.  In the event that the Board is required to vote a proxy because the Adviser has a
 

 
A-1

 

conflict of interest with respect to the proxy, the Board will vote such proxy in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policy, to the extent consistent with the shareholders’ best interests, as determined by the Board in its discretion.  The Board shall notify the Adviser of its final decision on the matter and the Adviser shall vote in accordance with the Board’s decision. 
 
Oversight of the Advisers’ Proxy Voting Compliance Activities
 
The Adviser shall present to the Board a quarterly report summarizing its proxy voting compliance activities for the preceding quarter.  The Board shall review the report to ensure compliance with the SEC rules governing proxy voting and with this Policy, and shall determine the steps and procedures, if any, that must be undertaken or adopted by the Trust and the Adviser to ensure further compliance with the relevant laws.
 
Availability of Proxy Voting Policy and Records Available to Fund Shareholders
 
Each Fund shall disclose this Policy, or a description of the Policy, to its shareholders by including it as an appendix to its Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) on Form N-1A. Each Fund will also notify its shareholders in the Fund’s shareholder reports that a description of this Policy is available upon request, without charge, by calling a specified toll-free telephone number. The Fund will send this description of the Policy within three business days of receipt of any shareholder request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.
 
In accordance with the SEC rules governing proxy voting, the Adviser shall provide a complete voting record, for each Fund for which it acts as adviser within 15 days following the end of each required reporting period.   Form N-PX will be filed with the SEC on an annual basis no later than August 31st of each year. 
 
Each Fund, subject to oversight of the Board, shall disclose the Fund’s complete proxy voting record to its shareholders on Form N-PX, as required by SEC Rule, for the twelve-month period ended June 30th.  Each Fund shall disclose the following information on Form N-PX for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting held during the period covered by the report and with respect to which to the Fund was entitled to vote: (i) the name of the issuer of the portfolio security; (ii) the exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if available through reasonably practicable means); (iii) the Council on Uniform Security Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the portfolio security (if available through reasonably practicable means); (iv) the shareholder meeting date; (v) a brief identification of the matter voted on; (vi) whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; (vii) whether the Fund cast its vote on the matter; (viii) how the Fund cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and (ix) whether the Fund cast its vote for or against management.
 
Each Fund shall make its proxy voting record available to shareholders either upon request or by making available an electronic version on or through the Fund’s website, if applicable. If the Fund discloses its proxy voting record on or through its website, the Fund shall post the information disclosed in the Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX on the website beginning the same day it files such information with the SEC. 
 
Each Fund shall also include in its annual reports, semi-annual reports and SAI a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30th is available (1) on or through the Fund’s website at a specified Internet address; and (2) on the SEC’s website. The Fund may post of copy of the Adviser’s proxy voting policy and this Policy on such website.  A copy of such policies and of each Fund’s proxy voting record shall also be made available, without charge, upon request of any shareholder of the Fund, by contacting the applicable Fund as directed in the Fund’s prospectus.  The Trust shall reply to any Fund shareholder request within three (3) business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.
 

 
A-2

 

Appendix B

Empowered Funds, LLC

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Proxy Voting Policy
 
The Board has delegated authority to the Firm to vote all proxies relating to the securities held in the Funds’ portfolios in the best interest of Funds and their shareholders.  The Firm has therefore adopted the following procedures for voting proxies on behalf of the Funds.
 
Voting Procedures
 
All employees will forward any proxy materials received on behalf of Funds to the Compliance Officer, who will determine which Fund holds the security to which the proxy relates.
 
Absent material conflicts, the Compliance Officer will determine how the Firm should vote the proxy in accordance with applicable voting guidelines, complete the proxy and direct that the proxy be submitted in a timely and appropriate manner.
 
Disclosure
 
The Firm will provide conspicuously displayed information to the Funds summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that Funds may request information regarding how the Firm voted a Fund’s proxies, and that Funds may request a copy of these policies and procedures.  The Funds will disclose this Proxy Policy, or the Firm’s description of the Proxy Policy, to their shareholders by including it as an appendix to the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) on Form N-1A.
 
Voting Guidelines
 
In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the Funds, the Firm will vote proxies in the best interests of each particular Fund.  The Firm’s policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each Fund absent qualifying restrictions from a Fund.  The Funds are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on the Firm’s voting authority in the same manner that they may place such restrictions on the actual selection of portfolio securities.
 
The Firm will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditor's non-audit services.
 
In reviewing proposals, the Firm will further consider the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer’s business practices. In general, much weight will be given to management's recommendation on the proxy vote in the Firm’s decision making.  The Firm may consider the opinions of independent proxy service providers, such as Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (“ISS”) in certain situations.
 
Conflicts of Interest
 
The Firm will identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the Firm and the Fund(s) by reviewing the relationship of the Firm with the issuer of each security to determine if the Firm or any of its employees has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer.
 
If a material conflict of interest exists, the Compliance Officer will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected Fund(s), to give such Fund(s) an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third-party voting recommendation.
 

 
B-1

 

The Firm will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest.
 
Reporting
 
The Firm will present to the Board a quarterly report summarizing its proxy voting compliance activities for the preceding quarter.  In accordance with its procedures, the Board will review the quarterly report to ensure compliance with the SEC Rules and this Policy, and will determine the steps and procedures, if any, that must be undertaken or adopted by the Firm to ensure further compliance with the relevant laws.  Votes cast on behalf of the Funds will be compiled and transmitted to the Administrator, which will assist in preparing the Form N-PX report as required by the SEC.
 
Recordkeeping
 
The Compliance Officer shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the SEC’s five-year retention requirement:
 
 
1.
These policies and procedures and any amendments;
 
 
2.
A copy of each proxy statement that the Firm receives;
 
 
3.
A record of each vote that the Firm casts;
 
 
4.
Any document the Firm created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision.
 

 
A copy of each written request from a Fund for information on how the Firm voted such Fund’s proxies, and a copy of any written response.

 
B-2

 

Appendix C

Description Of Securities Ratings

A.
Long-Term Ratings
 
1.
Moody’s Investors Service — Long-Term Corporate Obligation Ratings
 
 
Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more.  They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised.  Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
 
Aaa
Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
 
Aa
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
 
A
Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
 
Baa
Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk.  They are considered medium grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
 
Ba
Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
 
B
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
 
Caa
Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
 
Ca
Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
 
C
Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
 
Note
Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa.  The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
 
2.
Standard and Poor’s — Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings (including Preferred Stock)
 
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
 
Likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
 
Nature of and provisions of the obligation; and
 
Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
 
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default.  Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above.  (Such differentiation may apply
 

 
C-1

 

when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
 
AAA
An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s.  The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
 
AA
An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree.  The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
 
A
An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
 
BBB
An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters.  However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
Note
Obligations rated ‘BB,’ ‘B,’ ‘CCC,’ ‘CC,’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics.  ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest.  While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
 
BB
An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.  However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
B
An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB,’ but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.  Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
CCC
An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.  In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
CC
An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
 
C
A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default.  Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms.
 
D
An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default.  The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period.  The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
 
Note
Plus (+) or minus (-).  The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
 
NR
This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
 

 
C-2

 

3.
Fitch — International Long-Term Credit Ratings
 
International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings.  When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR).  The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations.  When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.
 
The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:
 
Investment Grade
 
AAA
Highest credit quality.  ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk.  They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments.  This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
 
AA
Very high credit quality.  ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk.  They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments.  This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
 
A
High credit quality.  ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk.  The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong.  This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
 
BBB
Good credit quality.  ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there are currently expectations of low credit risk.  The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.  This is the lowest investment grade category.
 
Speculative Grade
 
BB
Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.  Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.
 
 
B
Highly speculative.  ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains.  Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
 
CCC
Default is a real possibility.  Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.
 
CC
Default of some kind appears probable.
 
C
Default is imminent.
 
RD
Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.
 
D
Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.  Default generally is defined as one of the following:
 

 
C-3

 

 
Failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;
 
 
The bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or
 
 
The distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.
 
 
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.
 
 
Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.
 
 
Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.
 
Note
The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories.  Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC,’ or to short-term ratings other than ‘F1’.  (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
 
B.
Preferred Stock Ratings
 
1.
Moody’s Investors Service
 
aaa
An issue that is rated “aaa” is considered to be a top-quality preferred stock.  This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks.
 
aa
An issue that is rated “aa” is considered a high-grade preferred stock.  This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance the earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well-maintained in the foreseeable future.
 
a
An issue that is rated “a” is considered to be an upper-medium grade preferred stock.  While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the “aaa” and “aa” classification, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels.
 
baa
An issue that is rated “baa” is considered to be a medium-grade preferred stock, neither highly protected nor poorly secured.  Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time.
 
ba
An issue that is rated “ba” is considered to have speculative elements and its future cannot be considered well assured.  Earnings and asset protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods.  Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class.
 

 
C-4

 

b
An issue that is rated “b” generally lacks the characteristics of a desirable investment.  Assurance of dividend payments and maintenance of other terms of the issue over any long period of time may be small.
 
caa
An issue that is rated “caa” is likely to be in arrears on dividend payments.  This rating designation does not purport to indicate the future status of payments.
 
ca
An issue that is rated “ca” is speculative in a high degree and is likely to be in arrears on dividends with little likelihood of eventual payments.
 
c
This is the lowest rated class of preferred or preference stock.  Issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
 
Note
Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each rating classification; the modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
 
C.
Short Term Ratings
 
1.
Moody’s Investors Service
 
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments.  Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
 
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
 
P-1
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
P-2
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
P-3
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
 
NP
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
 
Note
Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
 
2.
Standard and Poor’s
 
A-1
A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s.  The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong.  Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+).  This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
 
A-2
A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories.  However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
 
A-3
A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters.  However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
B
A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics.  Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category.  The obligor
 

 
C-5

 

 
currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
B-1
A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
B-2
A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
 
B-3
A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
C
A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
D
A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default.  The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period.  The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
 
Note
Dual Ratings.  Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure.  The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature.  The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’).  With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).
 
3.
Fitch
 
The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings.  A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years.  Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.
 
F1
Highest credit quality.  Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
 
F2
Good credit quality.  A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
 
F3
Fair credit quality.  The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
 
B
Speculative.  Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
 
C
High default risk.  Default is a real possibility.  Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
 

 
C-6

 

D
Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
 
Note
The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories.  Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC,’ or to short-term ratings other than ‘F1’.  (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
 

 

 
C-7

 

Appendix D
 
Foreign Holidays
 
The Funds generally intend to effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the order is deemed received by the Distributor. The Funds may effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities on a basis other than the one just described in order to accommodate local holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates, or under certain other circumstances. The ability of the Trust to effect in-kind creations and redemptions within three business days of receipt of an order in good form is subject, among other things, to the condition that, within the time period from the date of the order to the date of delivery of the securities, there are no days that are holidays in the applicable foreign market. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.

The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with foreign market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days in certain circumstances.

The holidays applicable to the Funds investing in foreign securities during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for the applicable Funds. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.

The dates of the Regular Holidays in calendar years 2014 and 2015 are (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):

2014
 
Australia
January 1
April 21
October 6
December 26
January 27
April 25
November 4
December 31
March 10
June 9
December 24
 
April 18
August 4
December 25
 
Austria
January 1
May 1
August 15
December 26
January 6
May 29
December 8
December 31
April 18
June 9
December 24
 
April 21
June 19
December 25
 

 
D-1

 


Belgium
January 1
May 29
August 15
 
April 18
May 30
November 11
 
April 21
June 9
December 25
 
May 1
July 21
December 26
 
Denmark
January 1
May 16
June 9
December 26
April 17
May 29
June 30
December 31
April 18
May 30
December 24
 
April 21
June 5
December 25
 
Finland
January 1
April 21
December 26
 
January 6
May 1
December 31
 
April 17
December 24
   
April 18
December 25
   
France
January 1
May 8
November 11
 
April 18
May 29
December 25
 
April 21
July 14
December 26
 
May 1
August 15
   
Germany
January 1
May 1
December 26
 
April 18
December 24
December 31
 
April 21
December 25
   
Greece
January 1
April 18
August 15
December 26
January 6
April 21
October 28
 
March 3
May 1
December 24
 
March 25
June 9
December 25
 

 
D-2

 


Hong Kong
January 1
April 21
September 9
December 26
January 30
May 1
October 1
December 31
January 31
May 6
October 2
 
February 3
June 2
December 24
 
April 18
July 1
December 25
 
Ireland
January 1
May 1
October 27
December 29
March 17
May 5
December 24
 
April 18
June 2
December 25
 
April 21
August 4
December 26
 
Israel
March 16
May 5
September 24
October 16
April 14
May 6
September 25
 
April 15
June 3
October 8
 
April 20
June 4
October 9
 
April 21
August 5
October 15
 
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
 
Italy
January 1
April 25
December 8
December 31
January 6
May 1
December 24
 
April 18
June 2
December 25
 
April 21
August 15
December 26
 
Japan
January 1
March 21
September 15
December 23
January 2
April 29
September 23
December 31
January 3
May 5
October 13
 
January 13
May 6
November 3
 
February 11
July 21
November 24
 

 
D-3

 


The Netherlands
January 1
April 30
June 9
 
April 18
May 1
December 25
 
April 21
May 29
December 26
 
New Zealand
January 1
February 6
June 2
 
January 2
April 18
October 27
 
January 20
April 21
December 25
 
January 27
April 25
December 26
 
Norway
January 1
April 21
December 24
 
April 16
May 1
December 25
 
April 17
May 29
December 26
 
April 18
June 9
December 31
 
Portugal
January 1
April 25
June 19
December 24
March 4
May 1
August 15
December 25
April 18
June 10
December 1
December 26
April 21
June 13
December 8
 
Singapore
January 1
May 1
October 6
 
January 31
May 13
October 23
 
April 18
July 28
December 25
 
Spain
January 1
April 21
July 25
December 25
January 6
May 1
August 15
December 26
April 17
May 2
September 9
 
April 18
May 15
December 8
 

 
D-4

 


Sweden
January 1
May 1
December 24
 
January 6
May 29
December 25
 
April 18
June 6
December 26
 
April 21
June 20
December 31
 
Switzerland
January 1
May 1
December 24
 
January 2
May 29
December 25
 
April 18
June 9
December 26
 
April 21
August 1
December 31
 
The United Kingdom
January 1
May 5
December 25
 
April 18
May 26
December 26
 
April 21
August 25
   

2015
 
Australia
January 1
April 21
June 9
November 4
January 27
April 25
August 4
December 25
March 3
May 5
August 13
December 26
March 10
May 19
September 29
 
April 18
June 2
October 6
 
Austria
January 1
May 1
August 15
December 24
January 6
May 14
October 26
December 25
April 3
May 25
November 1
December 26
April 6
June 4
December 8
December 31
Belgium
January 1
May 14
August 15
 
April 5
May 24
November 1
 
April 6
May 25
November 11
 
May 1
July 21
December 25
 
 
 
 
D-5

 
 
Denmark
January 1
May 1
December 24
 
April 2
May 14
December 25
 
April 3
May 25
December 31
 
April 6
June 5
   
Finland
January 1
April 6
June 19
 
January 6
May 1
December 24
 
April 3
May 14
December 25
 
France
 
January 1
May 8
November 11
   
April 3
May 14
December 25
   
April 6
May 25
     
May 1
July 14
     
Germany
 
January 1
April 6
May 25
   
January 6
May 1
June 4
   
April 3
May 14
December 25
   
Greece
 
January 1
March 25
April 13
October 28
 
January 6
April 3
May 1
December 25
 
February 23
April 6
June 1
   
Hong Kong
 
January 1
April 6
September 28
December 26
 
February 19
May 1
October 1
   
February 20
May 25
October 21
   
April 3
July 1
December 25
   
Ireland
 
January 1
April 24
October 26
   
March 17
May 4
December 24
   
April 3
June 1
December 25
   
April 6
August 3
December 29
   
 
 
D-6

 
 
 
Israel
 
March 5
April 23
September 23
   
April 10
May 7
September 28
   
April 15
September 14
October 5
   
April 22
September 15
December 7
   
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
 
Italy
January 1
April 6
June 29
December 31
January 6
May 1
December 8
 
April 3
June 2
December 25
 
Japan
January 1
May 4
September 22
December 23
January 2
May 5
September 23
December 31
January 12
May 6
October 12
 
February 11
July 20
November 3
 
April 29
September 21
November 23
 
The Netherlands
January 1
April 27
May 14
 
April 3
April 30
May 25
 
April 6
May 5
December 25
 
New Zealand
January 1
April 6
December 25
 
January 2
April 27
December 28
 
February 6
June 1
   
April 3
October 26
   
Norway
January 1
May 1
December 25
 
April 2
May 14
December 31
 
April 3
May 25
   
April 6
December 24
   

 
D-7

 


Portugal
January 1
May 1
June 10
December 8
February 17
June 1
October 5
December 24
April 3
June 4
December 1
December 25
Singapore
January 1
May 1
December 25
 
February 19
August 10
December 31
 
February 20
November 11
   
April 3
December 24
   
Spain
January 1
April 3
May 25
December 25
January 6
April 6
June 4
 
March 19
May 1
October 12
 
April 2
May 14
December 8
 
Sweden
January 1
April 6
June 19
December 31
January 5
April 30
October 30
 
January 6
May 1
December 24
 
April 3
May 14
December 25
 
Switzerland
January 1
April 21
August 1
December 25
January 2
May 1
August 15
December 26
January 6
May 29
September 11
December 31
March 19
June 9
December 8
 
April 18
June 19
December 24
 
The United Kingdom
January 1
April 3
May 25
December 25
January 2
April 6
August 3
December 28
January 6
May 4
August 31
 


 
D-8

 

Redemption: The longest redemption cycle for the Funds is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose stocks are held by a Fund.

In the calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycle* for the Funds as follows:

2014
Country
 
Trade
Date
 
Settlement
Date
 
Number of Days to Settle
Austria
 
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Denmark
 
04/14/14
 
04/23/14
 
8
   
04/15/14
 
04/24/14
 
8
   
04/16/14
 
04/25/14
 
8
   
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Finland
 
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Ireland
 
12/23/14
 
01/02/14
 
10
   
12/19/14
 
12/30/14
 
11
   
12/22/14
 
12/31/14
 
9
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Italy
 
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Norway
 
04/14/14
 
04/22/14
 
8
   
04/15/14
 
04/23/14
 
8
   
04/16/14
 
04/24/14
 
8
   
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
Portugal
 
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
   
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
12/31/14
 
8
Spain
 
04/14/14
 
04/22/14
 
8
   
04/15/14
 
04/23/14
 
8
   
04/16/14
 
04/24/14
 
8
   
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
 
 
 
D-9

 
2014
Country
 
Trade
Date
 
Settlement
Date
 
Number of Days to Settle
Sweden
 
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/02/15
 
10
   
12/19/14
 
12/29/14
 
10
Switzerland
 
12/22/14
 
12/30/14
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/05/14
 
13
   
12/29/14
 
01/06/14
 
8
   
12/30/14
 
01/07/14
 
8

 
2015
Country
 
Trade
Date
 
Settlement
Date
 
Number of Days to Settle
Denmark
 
03/30/15
 
04/07/15
 
8
   
03/31/15
 
04/08/15
 
8
   
04/01/15
 
04/09/15
 
8
Japan
 
12/26/14
 
01/05/15
 
10
   
12/29/14
 
01/06/15
 
8
   
12/30/14
 
01/07/15
 
8
   
04/28/15
 
05/07/15
 
9
   
04/30/15
 
05/08/15
 
8
   
05/01/15
 
05/11/15
 
10
   
09/16/15
 
09/24/15
 
8
   
09/17/15
 
09/25/15
 
8
   
09/18/15
 
09/28/15
 
11
Norway
 
03/30/15
 
04/07/15
 
8
   
03/31/15
 
04/08/15
 
8
   
04/01/15
 
04/09/15
 
8
Spain
 
03/30/15
 
04/07/15
 
8
   
03/31/15
 
04/08/15
 
8
   
04/01/15
 
04/09/15
 
8
   
12/23/14
 
01/05/15
 
13
 
 
 
D-10

 
2014
Country
 
Trade
Date
 
Settlement
Date
 
Number of Days to Settle
Switzerland
 
12/29/14
 
01/07/15
 
9
   
12/30/14
 
01/08/15
 
9
   
12/30/15
 
01/07/16
 
8
 
*
These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.


 
D-11

 
 
ALPHA ARCHITECT ETF TRUST
 
PART C
 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
Item 28.  Exhibits:
 
(a)           Articles of Incorporation.
 
 
(1)
Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Alpha Architect ETF Trust (the “Registrant”) is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.a.1.
 
 
(2)
Certificate of Trust, as filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 11, 2013, previously filed as Exhibit 99.a.2 with the Registrant’s registration statement on April 25, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.
 
 
(3)
Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust, as filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 17, 2014, previously filed as Exhibit 99.a.3 with the Registrant’s registration statement on April 25, 2014, is hereby incorporated by reference.
 
(b)           By-laws.
 
 
(1)
By-Laws of the Registrant are filed herewith as Exhibit 99.b.1.
 
(c)           Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders.
 
 
(1)
Agreement and Declaration of Trust
(i)           Article III:  Shares
(ii)          Article V:  Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings
(iii)         Article VI:  Net Asset Value; Distributions; Redemptions; Transfers
(iv)         Article VIII:  Certain Transactions, Section 4
(v)          Article X:  Miscellaneous, Section 4
 
 
(2)
By-Laws
(i)           Article II:  Meetings of Shareholders
(ii)          Article VI:  Records and Reports, Sections 1, 2, and 3
(iii)         Article VII:  General Matters, Sections 3, 4, 6, and 7
(iv)         Article VIII:  Amendments, Section 1
 
(d)           Investment Advisory Contracts.
 
 
(1)
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.d.1.
 
(e)           Underwriting Contracts.
 
 
(1)
Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.e.1.
 
 
(2)
Form of Authorized Participant Agreement is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.e.2.
 
(f)           Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts.
 
 
Not Applicable.
 
(g)           Custodian Agreements.
 
 
(1)
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.g.1.
 
 
C-1

 
(h)           Other Material Contracts.
 
 
(1)
Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.h.1.
 
 
(2)
Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.h.2.
 
 
(3)
Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.h.3.
 
(i)           Legal Opinion.
 
 
(1)
Opinion and Consent of Counsel is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.i.1.
 
(j)           Other Opinions.
 
 
(1)
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.j.1.
 
(k)           Omitted Financial Statements.
 
 
Not Applicable.
 
(l)           Initial Capital Agreements.
 
 
(1)
To be filed by amendment.
 
(m)           Rule 12b-1 Plan.
 
 
(1)
Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.m.1.
 
(n)           Rule 18f-3 Plan.
 
 
Not Applicable.
 
(o)           Reserved.
 
(p)           Code of Ethics.
 
 
(1)
Code of Ethics of the Registrant is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.p.1.
 
 
(2)
Code of Ethics of Empowered Funds, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.p.2.
 
(q)           Other
 
 
(1)
Power of Attorney is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.q.1.
 
Item 29.        Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Registrant:
 
None.
 
Item 30.        Indemnification:
 
Under the terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (“DSTA”) and the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”), no officer or trustee of the Registrant shall have any liability to the Registrant, its shareholders, or any other party for damages, except to the extent such limitation of liability is precluded by Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws of the Registrant.
 
 
C-2

 
Subject to the standards and restrictions set forth in the Declaration of Trust, DSTA, Section 3817, permits a statutory trust to indemnify and hold harmless any trustee, beneficial owner or other person from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.  DSTA, Section 3803 protects trustees, officers, managers and other employees, when acting in such capacity, from liability to any person other than the Registrant or beneficial owner for any act, omission or obligation of the Registrant or any trustee thereof, except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust.
 
The Declaration of Trust provides that any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or other agent, including the underwriter, of such Trust shall be liable to the Trust and its shareholders only for (1) any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, or (2) the person’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person (such conduct referred to herein as Disqualifying Conduct) and for nothing else. Except in these instances and to the fullest extent that limitations of liability of agents are permitted by the DSTA, these Agents (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) shall not be responsible or liable for any act or omission of any other Agent of the Trust or any investment adviser or principal underwriter. Moreover, except and to the extent provided in these instances, none of these Agents, when acting in their respective capacity as such, shall be personally liable to any other person, other than such Trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any trustee thereof.
 
The Trust shall indemnify, out of its property, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, any of the persons who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) because the person is or was an Agent of such Trust. These persons shall be indemnified against any Expenses (as defined in the Declaration of Trust), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the Proceeding if the person acted in good faith or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not in itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful. There shall nonetheless be no indemnification for a person’s own Disqualifying Conduct.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the Registrant may be required, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, to submit to a court or appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
Item 31.        Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser:
 
Empowered Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”), the investment adviser to each series of the Registrant, is a registered investment advisor. For additional information, please see the Adviser’s Form ADV filed with the Commission (File No. 801-79835), incorporated herein by reference, which sets forth the officers and members of the Adviser and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by those officers and members during the past two years.
 
Item 32.        Principal Underwriters:
 
(a) Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Quasar”) is the Registrant’s principal underwriter.  To the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, Quasar also acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies:
 
Academy Funds Trust
Jensen Portfolio, Inc.
Advisors Series Trust
Kirr Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.
Aegis Funds
KKR Alternative Corporate Opportunities Fund
Aegis Value Fund, Inc.
KKR Series Trust
Allied Asset Advisors Funds
Litman Gregory Funds Trust
Alpine Equity Trust
LKCM Funds
Alpine Income Trust
LoCorr Investment Trust
Alpine Series Trust
Loeb King Trust
Appleton Funds
Lord Asset Management Trust
Barrett Opportunity Fund, Inc.
MainGate Trust
 
 
 
C-3

 
 
Brandes Investment Trust
Managed Portfolio Series
Bridge Builder Trust
Matrix Advisors Value Fund, Inc.
Bridges Investment Fund, Inc.
Merger Fund
Brookfield Investment Funds
Monetta Trust
Brown Advisory Funds
Nicholas Family of Funds, Inc.
Buffalo Funds
Permanent Portfolio Family of Funds, Inc.
Capital Guardian Funds Trust
Perritt Funds, Inc.
Cushing Funds Trust
PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds
DoubleLine Funds Trust
Professionally Managed Portfolios
ETF Series Solutions
Prospector Funds, Inc.
Evermore Funds Trust
Provident Mutual Funds, Inc.
FactorShares Trust
Purisima Funds
First American Funds, Inc.
Rainier Investment Management Mutual Funds
First American Investment Funds, Inc.
RBC Funds Trust
First American Strategy Funds, Inc.
SCS Financial Funds
Glenmede Fund, Inc.
Stone Ridge Trust
Glenmede Portfolios
Thompson IM Funds, Inc.
Greenspring Fund, Inc.
TIFF Investment Program, Inc.
Guinness Atkinson Funds
Trust for Professional Managers
Harding Loevner Funds, Inc.
Trust for Advised Portfolios
Hennessy Funds Trust
USA Mutuals
Hennessy Funds, Inc.
USFS Funds Trust
Hennessy Mutual Funds, Inc.
Wall Street Fund, Inc.
Hennessy SPARX Funds Trust
Westchester Capital Funds
Hotchkis & Wiley Funds
Wexford Trust/PA
Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust
Wisconsin Capital Funds, Inc.
IronBridge Funds, Inc.
WY Funds
Jacob Funds, Inc.
YCG Funds
 
(b) The directors and executive officers of Quasar are as follows:
 
Name and Principal Business Address
Position and Offices with Quasar
Positions and Offices with Registrant
James R. Schoenike(1)
President, Board Member
None
Andrew M. Strnad(2)
Vice President, Secretary
None
Joe D. Redwine(1)
Board Member
None
Robert Kern(1)
Board Member
None
Susan LaFond(1)
Vice President, Treasurer
None
Joseph Bree(1)
Chief Financial Officer
None
Teresa Cowan(1)
Senior Vice President, Assistant Secretary
None
John Kinsella(3)
Assistant Treasurer
None
Brett Scribner(3)
Assistant Treasurer
None
 
(1)This individual is located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53202.
(2)This individual is located at 6602 East 75th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46250.
(3)This individual is located at 800 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55402.
 
(c) Not applicable.
 
 
C-4

 
Item 33.        Location of Accounts and Records:
 
Books or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, are maintained as follows:
 
(a)
Alpha Architect ETF Trust, 213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008.
(b)
Empowered Funds, LLC, 213 Foxcroft Road, Broomall, PA 19008 (records relating to its role as investment adviser).
(c)
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 (records relating to its role as administrator, fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent).
(d)
U.S. Bank National Association, 1555 North River Center Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212 (records relating to its role as custodian).
(e)
Quasar Distributors, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, 4th Floor, Milwaukee, WI 53202 (records relating to its role as principal underwriter).
 
Item 34.        Management Services:
 
None.
 
Item 35.        Undertakings:
 
None.
 

 
C-5

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Broomall and the State of Pennsylvania, on the 17th day of October, 2014.
 
ALPHA ARCHITECT ETF TRUST
 
By: /s/ Wesley R. Gray                                                                          
Wesley R. Gray
President
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
Title
Date
 
/s/ Wesley R. Gray
Trustee and President
October 17, 2014
Wesley R. Gray
   
     
/s/ John Vogel
Treasurer
October 17, 2014
John Vogel
   
 
/s/ Daniel Dorn
Trustee
October 17, 2014
Daniel Dorn*
   
     
/s/ Michael Pagano
Trustee
October 17, 2014
Michael Pagano*
   
   
 
/s/ Tom Scott
Trustee
October 17, 2014
Tom Scott*
   
 
*By:
/s/ Wesley R. Gray                                                                  
Wesley R. Gray
Attorney-in-Fact
(Pursuant to Power of Attorney filed herewith)

 
 

 

Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit No.
Description
Exhibit 99.a.1
Agreement and Declaration of Trust
Exhibit 99.b.1
By-Laws
Exhibit 99.d.1
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Empowered Funds, LLC
Exhibit 99.e.1
Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC
Exhibit 99.e.2
Form of Authorized Participant Agreement
Exhibit 99.g.1
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association
Exhibit 99.h.1
Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
Exhibit 99.h.2
Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
Exhibit 99.h.3
Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
Exhibit 99.i.1
Opinion and Consent of Counsel
Exhibit 99.j.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Exhibit 99.m.1
Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1
Exhibit 99.p.1
Code of Ethics of the Registrant
Exhibit 99.p.2
Code of Ethics of Empowered Funds, LLC
Exhibit 99.q.1
Power of Attorney