EX-99.(C)(3) 4 ny20006083x2_ex99c3.htm EXHIBIT (C)(3)

Exhibit (c)(3)

 Discussion Materials  Project OptimusPrime  September 8, 2022 
 

 Table of Contents  Update to Management Plan and Valuation Perspectives  Key Considerations to Strategic Alternatives   Process Recommendations and Next Steps  Appendix 
 

 Update to Management Plan and Valuation Perspectives 
 

 Updates to Latest Management Long Range Plan   On September 3, 2022, management provided an updated financial model to PWP   The financial model was also shared with the Company’s debt advisor Rothschild & Co.  Overall, changes in the latest model were immaterial to the previous model received on August 25, 2022  After review, PWP notes the following:  No changes to the revenue forecasts. Management expects its diversification strategy continues to perform, with new growth products, particularly Harvista, Novel Antimicrobials (“BoB”) and Novozymes Biologics, to be major contributors to future revenues  In 2027E and beyond, the model now reflects R&D as a percentage of revenue at 6% vs. trending to 4%, previously. Management believes this revised assumption is more consistent with the Company’s innovation driven business model  Updated working capital assumptions based on current trends in the latest data, improving efficiencies in working capital and cash flow slightly  Updated “non-recurring expenses” line item which represents contingency cash outlays for litigation and M&A related expenses more in line with historical trends (immaterial change)  
 

 New vs. Previous Management Model Comparison  ($ in millions)  Revised OptimusPrime Management forecast contains minor EBITDA haircut and Cash Flow improvements  Source: Company financials  Revised forecast assumes greater efficiencies in DSO within NWC, therefore increasing cash flow and ending cash balance over time 
 

 Financial Overview – Historical & Management Finance Case  ($ in millions)  PWP Commentary  Company’s patent expiration of 1-MCP in 2014 resulted in revenue headwinds from 2016 onward  Gross profit margin expected to decline as management executes on its diversification efforts  The Company refinanced a portion of its long-term debt with convertible preferred stock through PSP in 2020   1  2  3  Source: Company financials 
 

 Total Revenue and Adj. EBITDA Margin over time  PWP Commentary  Long-Term Growth is Heavily Reliant on Success of New Growth Products   ($ in millions)  Projections are highly levered towards contribution from new growth projects, especially for EBITDA generation  New management team has thus far delivered on earnings more consistently than prior leadership  Market and potential buyers will heavily discount new growth products, due to ramp 5+ years away  Increasing competition from generics may erode SmartFresh Apple faster than expected  1  2  3  4  Source: Company financials   Notes: Financials per management finance case   (1) New Growth Products includes Novel Antimicrobials, Novozymes Biologics, VitaFresh Botanicals and Digital   (2) New Growth Products EBITDA includes product-level gross profit, Novozymes Opex and allocated Opex (excl. Novozymes), D&A and adjustments by percentage of revenue  Revenue Growth  5-Year CAGR   17A – 22E  5-Year CAGR   22E – 27E  10-Year CAGR   22E – 32E  Consolidated  1%  10%  11%  Core Products   6%  4%  New Growth Products(1)  89%  58%  (1)  Core Products  New Growth Products  Adj. EBITDA Margin  % of EBITDA from New Growth Products  (1)(2) 
 

 Updated Valuation Summary  Current Share Price: $1.69  Source: Company financials  Notes: Share price as of 09/06/2022   Comparable Companies multiple ranges derived by applying approximate difference in EV / EBITDA between AgroFresh and peers since Paine Schwartz’s preferred equity investment in 2020    (1) Broker price targets represent 12-month targets; prices discounted 12 months from date of publication to 09/06/2022; assumes cost of equity of 18.0%   (2) Reflects high end of WholeCo DCF valuation assuming management finance case, 3.0% perpetuity growth rate, and 15.0% WACC  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  (1)  Revisions to valuation reflect further thinking on preferred overhang and changes to methodology  $1.93  $2.57  $4.29  $3.83  New Products  Core  $0.86  $0.92  $1.48  $4.19(2) 
 

 Ability to Pay – 3 Year LBO  Traditional Sponsor – Potential Offer price / premium  Paine Schwartz Partners – Potential Offer price / premium  Commentary  Sources: Company financials, FactSet, Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: (1) Premium to current share price of $1.69 as of 09/06/2022   (2) Utilizes management cash and debt projections as of 12/31/2022   (3) Represents change of control amount for Paine Schwartz Partners convertible preferred equity  Implied Potential Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Required IRR  20.00%   21.25%   22.50%   23.75%   25.00%   Exit Multiple Adj. EBITDA  8.00x   $1.53 / (9.4%)  $1.39 / (18.0%)  $1.25 / (26.3%)  $1.11 / (34.2%)  $0.98 / (41.9%)  8.25x   $1.73 /   2.2%   $1.58 / (6.8%)  $1.43 / (15.4%)  $1.29 / (23.7%)  $1.16 / (31.6%)  8.50x   $1.92 / 13.8%   $1.77 /   4.4%   $1.61 / (4.5%)  $1.47 / (13.1%)  $1.33 / (21.4%)  8.75x   $2.12 / 25.4%   $1.95 / 15.7%   $1.80 /   6.4%   $1.65 / (2.6%)  $1.50 / (11.1%)  9.00x   $2.31 / 36.9%   $2.14 / 26.9%   $1.98 / 17.2%   $1.83 /   8.0%   $1.67 / (0.9%)  Implied Potential Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Implied Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Required IRR  Implied Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Implied Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  20.00%   21.25%   22.50%   23.75%   25.00%   Exit Multiple Adj. EBITDA  8.00x   $2.77 / 63.7%   $2.62 / 55.1%   $2.48 / 46.8%   $2.35 / 38.8%   $2.22 / 31.2%   8.25x   $2.96 / 75.3%   $2.81 / 66.3%   $2.66 / 57.7%   $2.52 / 49.4%   $2.39 / 41.5%   8.50x   $3.16 / 86.9%   $3.00 / 77.5%   $2.85 / 68.6%   $2.70 / 60.0%   $2.56 / 51.7%   8.75x   $3.35 / 98.4%   $3.19 / 88.7%   $3.03 / 79.4%   $2.88 / 70.5%   $2.74 / 61.9%   9.00x   $3.55 / 110.0%   $3.38 / 100.0%   $3.22 / 90.3%   $3.06 / 81.1%   $2.91 / 72.2%   Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  Paine Schwartz Partners returns are more attractive compared to other traditional financial sponsors due to the lack of breakage costs  3-year LBO assumes exit in 2025E, resulting in less attractive returns vs. a longer hold period (launch and ramp of new products expected in 2026E and onward) 
 

 Ability to Pay – 5 Year LBO  Traditional Sponsor – Potential Offer price / premium  Paine Schwartz Partners – Potential Offer price / premium  Commentary  Sources: Company financials, FactSet, Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: (1) Premium to current share price of $1.69 as of 09/06/2022   (2) Utilizes management cash and debt projections as of 12/31/2022   (3) Represents change of control amount for Paine Schwartz Partners convertible preferred equity  Implied Potential Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Implied Offer Price Per Share   Required IRR  20.00%   21.25%   22.50%   23.75%   25.00%   Exit Multiple Adj. EBITDA  8.00x   $3.83 / 126.5%   $3.53 / 109.1%   $3.26 / 92.7%   $3.00 / 77.3%   $2.75 / 62.8%   8.25x   $4.02 / 137.8%   $3.71 / 119.8%   $3.43 / 102.9%   $3.16 / 87.0%   $2.91 / 72.0%   8.50x   $4.21 / 149.1%   $3.90 / 130.5%   $3.60 / 113.1%   $3.32 / 96.7%   $3.06 / 81.3%   8.75x   $4.40 / 160.4%   $4.08 / 141.3%   $3.77 / 123.3%   $3.49 / 106.4%   $3.22 / 90.5%   9.00x   $4.59 / 171.7%   $4.26 / 152.0%   $3.95 / 133.5%   $3.65 / 116.1%   $3.37 / 99.7%   Implied Potential Offer Price Per Share / Premium to Current Share Price  Implied Offer Price Per Share   Required IRR  20.00%   21.25%   22.50%   23.75%   25.00%   Exit Multiple Adj. EBITDA  8.00x   $2.59 / 53.4%   $2.30 / 36.0%   $2.02 / 19.6%   $1.76 /   4.2%   $1.52 / (10.3%)  8.25x   $2.78 / 64.7%   $2.48 / 46.7%   $2.19 / 29.8%   $1.93 / 13.9%   $1.67 / (1.0%)  8.50x   $2.97 / 76.0%   $2.66 / 57.4%   $2.37 / 40.0%   $2.09 / 23.6%   $1.83 /   8.2%   8.75x   $3.17 / 87.3%   $2.84 / 68.2%   $2.54 / 50.2%   $2.25 / 33.3%   $1.98 / 17.4%   9.00x   $3.36 / 98.6%   $3.02 / 78.9%   $2.71 / 60.4%   $2.42 / 43.0%   $2.14 / 26.6%   Similarly, Paine Schwartz is able to offer a superior premium vs. other financial sponsors given the lack of breakage costs   Assuming a 22.5% IRR requirement and a 8.5x exit, Paine Schwartz is able to offer $1.23 per share in superior value   Estimated breakage costs of ~$81M as of 12/31/2022   5-year LBO assumes exit in 2027E, resulting in more attractive returns vs. a 3-year LBO given ramp up of new products   Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion 
 

 Potential Strategic Buyers  Sources: Company filings, Moody’s, FactSet, Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 9.5x   Cash: $22M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: N/A  Cash: N/A  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 21.7x   Cash: $76M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 12.3x  Cash: $73M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 14.1x   Cash: $254M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 16.3x   Cash: $904M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 15.2x   Cash: $792M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 7.5x  Cash: $456M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 19.8x   Cash: $125M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 12.0x  Cash: $592M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: N/A  Cash: N/A  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 13.1x  Cash: $68M   EV / 2022E EBITDA: 7.8x  Cash: $131M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 5.8x  Cash: $8,412M   EV / 2022E EBITDA: 10.5x  Cash: $45M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 15.8x  Cash: $202M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 4.5x   Cash: $5,063M  EV / 2022E EBITDA: 7.5x  Cash: $687M 
 

 Precedent Premia Analysis  Analysis for U.S. companies acquired since September 2020 indicates targets receiving higher premia the steeper the discount to 52-week high  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  Source: FactSet as of 09/06/2022  Notes: Unaffected premiums shown for acquisitions since 09/06/2022 with a transaction value between $100M – $3B and targets in the United States; excludes MOEs and transactions with targets industries of Energy, Insurance, Mining, Oil & Gas, REITs, Railroads, and Utilities   The Company is currently trading at 64% of its 52W High   (1) % of 52W High reflects share price as of unaffected date divided by 52W High as of unaffected date    (2) Reflects acquisitions where the target was acquired at a greater than 100% premium to its share price as of unaffected date 
 

 7.0x Assumed Multiple  9.0x Assumed Multiple  Discounted Future Share Price Sensitivity(1)  PWP Commentary  Present Value of Future Share Price  Inability to achieve management projections, particularly in the next 2 years, will result in a material impact to Adj. EBITDA and share price  Given the Company’s current capital structure, the discounted future share price is highly sensitive to any potential setbacks in plan   1  2  Source: Company financials   Notes: Revenue miss haircuts management finance case total revenue from 2023E to 2027E, holds gross margin (%) and OpEx costs ($) constant versus management case   (1) Assumes valuation date of 12/31/2022; uses current FDSO, NCI, market capitalization and EV; assumes cost of equity of 18.0%. Convertible Preferred taken at face value in status quo scenario (i.e., no breakage costs included)  Adjusted EBITDA Margin  Mgmt. Finance Case  38%  37%  36%  36%  37%  39%  10% Revenue Miss  38%  33%  32%  33%  34%  36%  10% Revenue Miss  Mgmt. Finance Case 
 

 Analysis at Various Share Prices  Source: FactSet, Capital IQ, Company Filings, Company financials  Notes: (1) Represents change of control amount for Paine Schwartz Partners convertible preferred equity   (2) Multiples in AVP reflect convertible preferred at liquidation preference, assuming 2.0X MOIC  ($ in millions, except share price)  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  (1)  (2)  (2) 
 

 Key Considerations to Strategic Alternatives 
 

 Potential Sale Process Considerations  Management long-range plan   Senior debt refinancing timing and process  Convertible preferred breakage costs over time   Optimus valuation  Sale process considerations   Positioning with Dow  A  B  C  D  E  F 
 

 Scheduled Principal repayments and amortization  2024E Term Loan Maturity Needs to be Addressed by Early 2023  Source: Company Filings, FactSet  Notes: (1) Represents remaining principal in 2022 as of Q2-22A   (2) Figures from management model; excludes convertible preferred stock   (3) Interest includes cash interest and cash dividend payments on convertible preferred stock from management model  Moody’s Credit Rating: B3  S&P Credit Rating: B-  (1)  (2)  (2)  (3)  Based on Updated OpEx Assumptions, Company Has Room to Miss Projections While Maintaining the Ability to service Debt  Revenue Haircut (2023E – 2027E)  No Haircut  10%   21%   30%   2027E Revenue   $287   $258   $228   $201   2027E EBITDA   113   94   74   56   2027E Ending Cash Balance   127   70   10   (43)  Assumes ending 2022 cash balance of ~$62M  Haircuts management case total revenue from 2023E to 2027E  Gross margin held constant  OPEX $ costs remain unchanged vs. management case (assuming Company unable to capitalize on investments to grow the top-line)  Company can miss management projections by up to ~20% and maintain the ability to service debt  PWP Assessment  Upcoming term loan maturity in 2024 needs to be addressed by early 2023 before the Company’s Going Concern status comes into question in Q4 2023 
 

 Refinancing Considerations: Term Loan B  Company’s Term Loan B’s 2024 maturity creates risk of a going concern issue in Q4 2023 if not refinanced prior to then  To avoid this risk, Company should be prepared to refinance the Term Loan by Q1/Q2 2023, if not earlier  Tailwinds and headwinds for a TLB refinancing relative to the 2020 refinancing:  Refinancing in the private credit market would have some advantages relative to the TLB market  Leveraged Finance Issuance (HY/LL/PC)  Source: S&P, LCD, LevFinInsights (LFI)  Notes: (1) Data as of 09/06/2022   (2) Data as of 08/31/2022, private credit data based on LFI and PWP estimate of LFI data’s market capture (41.5%)  Loan trading down in line with Index(1)  Monthly LevFIN Issuance by Type ($B)(2)  Reduction in secured leverage from ~6x to ~4x  Greater runway if refinanced in next ~6 months  Continued growth and diversification of the business  Resolution of Decco patent infringement litigation  Convertible preferred weighs as a cash cost and is treated as debt by S&P  Volatility of current TLB market with loans pricing 100-125+ bps wider than existing trading  Small size of remaining TLB constrains liquidity  
 

 commentary  Convertible Preferred Accretes Over Time Through PIK Interest  Dividend Rates  16% per annum, of which 50% is payable in cash and 50% is payable in kind for the first year after the closing date, after which 50% will be payable in cash, 37.5% will be payable in kind and 12.5% will be payable in cash or in kind at the company’s discretion (management model assumes 50% cash and 50% PIK in forecast period)  PSP has the right to appoint an additional member to the Board commensurate with their as-converted ownership stake   If PSP has over 50% of Directors on the Board and Dow owns at least 20% of AgroFresh’s as-converted common stock, Dow has the right to designate an additional member to the Board  There is also one share of Series A Preferred Stock owned by Dow, entitling Dow to appoint one director to the Board   Source: Company Filings  Notes: (1) Assumes preferred stock is converted at a conversion price of $5.00 and the amount of shares outstanding remains constant from Q2-22A   (2) Reflects the average for the year, with a 10% cash dividend rate for Q3 2021, Q4 2021 and Q1 2022  ($ in millions)  In a status quo scenario, Paine Schwartz’s ownership, on an as-converted basis, is expected to cross 50% by Q1 2028  (1)  (2)  (2) 
 

 High Breakage Costs Associated with Near-term Series B Refinancing  Source: Company financials  Note: (1) Based on 56.3M diluted shares outstanding; Future Share Prices are not discounted to present  Growth of Equity Value Over time @7.0x EV / EBITDA  Implied Future Share Price(1)  Net Debt  Convert. Pref.  Equity  ($ in millions)  Convertible preferred continues to dilute to common shareholders over time 
 

 Process Recommendations and Next Steps 
 

 Key Process Alternatives   Perform market check with select strategics and sponsors to drive competitive tension  Execute NDAs and prepare for typical sell-side process timeline  Solicitation of other potential buyers through “go-shop” provision in merger agreement  Launch Term Loan B refinancing process in the near-term   Expect to refinance Series B Convertible Preferred in 2024 / 2025 when breakage costs are reduced  Engage with PSP on   Potential Offer  Discussion with other Potential Acquirors  Status Quo 
 

 Peter Sykes  Director  Joined the AgroFresh Board of Directors in June 2022  Principal of Church Lane Advisory, an advisory and strategic investing firm  Served over 20 years at Dow, retiring in July 2021  Most recently served as Vice President of Mergers & Acquisitions  Replaced Torsten Kraef, the Senior Vice President of Corporate Development for Dow  Dow Considerations and Positioning   New Board member biography  Dow ownership (on an as-converted basis)(1)   Dow owns nearly 40% of the Company’s common stock (~25% post-conversion of Series B), giving it a strong influence on the outcome of any vote  New Dow representative, Peter Sykes, joined the Board in June 2022  Retired from Dow in July 2021  Given spin-off in 2015, it is unlikely that Dow sees Company as an ongoing strategic investment  Determine best way to inform Dow of strategic thinking – communicate through Peter or directly with Dow?   Assess Dow’s return threshold  Q4 2022E  Source: Company Filings  Note: (1) Assumes preferred stock is converted at a conversion price of $5.00 and the amount of shares outstanding remains constant from Q2-22A 
 

 Appendix 
 

 Public Market Data & Analysis  
 

 Ev / NTM EBITDA – Since January 2019  Historical Valuation Multiples  Source: FactSet as of 09/06/2022  Notes: High Value Specialties includes Croda, Chr Hansen, Balchem and Novozymes; Large AgChem includes Nutrien, Mosaic, FMC Corp, CF Industries, Dow, Bayer, Corteva, BASF, Nufarm and UPL Limited; AgChem / AgTech includes FMC Corp, Scotts Miracle-Gro, Bioceres and American Vanguard; Food Safety / Security includes Ecolab, Sotera, Diversey and Neogen  Company has historically traded at ~7.0x EV / NTM EBITDA since January 2019 
 

 SmartFresh Apple revenue anticipated to erode over time due to pricing pressures from generics entering the market   Antimicrobials projected to be a large contributor to revenue, primarily driven by anticipated Novel Antimicrobial and Novozymes Biologics product launches in 2026  Total gross margin percentage forecasted to decline as Company diversifies into lower margin products  R&D and S&M as a % of revenue decline modestly through 2026E and are largely held flat thereafter; operating leverage seen mainly from G&A efficiencies  Management Finance Case: P&L  Source: Company financials  ($ in millions)  PWP commentary  1  2  3  4  1  2  3  4 
 

 Management Finance Case: Revenue and Gross Margin Detail  Source: Company financials  1  1  2  Novel Antimicrobials and Novozymes Biologics contribute a large amount to growth and revenue in the outyears  Diversification growth products have significantly lower margins than legacy SmartFresh Apple  PWP commentary  1  2 
 

 Management Finance Case: Cash Flow Statement  Source: Company financials  ($ in millions) 
 

 Limited estimates available 2024E+; only 1 broker available  P&L Comparison: Consensus Estimates vs. Management Finance Case  Source: FactSet, Capital IQ, Company Filings, Company financials  Notes: (1) Broker estimates as of 09/06/2022   (2) Represents Finance case in management projections received on 08/25/2022  ($ in millions)  Near-term management projections are in-line with consensus estimates. Difficult to compare 2024E+ projections due to lack of broker estimates 
 

 Public Comparable Companies Analysis  Source: S&P Capital IQ and FactSet as of 09/06/2022, company financials  Notes: Metrics are based on calendar year financials; EV / Revenue, EV / EBITDA, and P / E multiples greater than 50.0x, 75.0x, and 100.0x   respectively are considered “NM”. Negative multiples are considered “NM”. “NA” indicates that a value was not available  ($ in millions, except per share values)  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion 
 

 Select Company Valuation Benchmarking  CY2023E EV / EBITDA  Source: FactSet, S&P Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: Metrics are based on calendar year financials; EV / Revenue multiples greater than 50.0x are considered “NM”. Negative multiples considered “NM”. “NA” indicates that a value was not available; Large AgChem includes Bayer, Nutrien, Corteva, BASF, Dow, CF Industries, Mosaic, FMC Corp, UPL Limited, and Nufarm   (1) FCF yield calculated as CFO less CapEx divided by Market Capitalization   (2) Assumes preferred dividend payment of $14.3M per Management Case  AgChem Tech  High Value Specialties  Food Safety / Security  CY2023E FCF Yield(1)  AgChem Tech  High Value Specialties  Food Safety / Security  5%  FCF Yield including 2023E Debt Repayment and Preferred Dividend Payment(2) 
 

 Select Company Operational Benchmarking  CY2022E Ebitda margin  Source: FactSet, S&P Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: Metrics are based on calendar year financials; Debt / LTM EBITDA and Net Debt / LTM EBITDA multiples with negative EBITDA are considered “NM.” “NA” indicates that a value was not available; Large AgChem includes Bayer, Nutrien, Corteva, BASF, Dow, CF Industries, Mosaic, FMC Corp, UPL Limited, and Nufarm     CY2021A – CY2023E Revenue CAGR  CY2022E Gross margin  AgChem Tech  High Value Specialties  Food Safety / Security 
 

 Select Precedent Transactions  Source: Company filings, Moody’s, press releases  Notes: (1) Reflects forward multiple due to data availability   (2) Assumes 25% EBITDA Margin per JBT Investor Presentation  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  (1)  (1)  (1)  (2)  (1)  (1) 
 

 Present Value of Future Share Price (Status Quo w/ No Breakage Costs)  Source: Company financials  Notes: Assumes valuation date of 12/31/2022; uses current FDSO, NCI, market capitalization and EV; assumes cost of equity of 18.0%. Convertible Preferred    taken at face value in status quo scenario (i.e., no breakage costs included)  Significant common shareholder dilution and impact in the near term from the convertible preferred  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  ($ in millions) 
 

 Leveraged Buyout Analysis – Management Finance Case  Illustrative transaction close: 12/31/2022  Offer price of $2.75 per share (62.7% premium)(1)  Implied EV: $600M(2)  Implied EV / LTM FY22E Revenue: 3.4x  Implied EV / LTM FY22E Adj. EBITDA: 9.0x  Minimum Operating Cash – $10M  Total Transaction Debt – $266M  4.0x Term Loan at 9.0% interest rate and 1.0% annual amortization  Exit – End of FY2027E (5-Year Hold)  Exit Value – $1.0B (9.0x LTM Adj. EBITDA)  Assumes 5% management incentive plan  Tax Rate – 21%; assumes zero taxes when EBT is negative  Excludes transaction expenses  Assumes balance sheet as of transaction close date   IRR / MOIC Sensitivity  Ability to Pay Sensitivity (Offer Price / Premium(1))  Transaction Assumptions  Sources & Uses  ($ in millions)  (3)  Sources: Company financials, FactSet, Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: (1) Premium to current share price of $1.69 as of 09/06/2022   (2) Utilizes management cash and debt projections as of 12/31/2022   (3) Represents change of control amount for Paine Schwartz Partners convertible preferred equity  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion 
 

 Financial Summary  Credit Statistics  Leveraged Buyout Analysis – Management Finance Case (Cont’d)  ($ in millions)  Net Debt / LTM Adj. EBITDA  Sources: Company financials  Notes: Fiscal year ends Dec. 31   (1) 2022E-2026E amortization sourced from Q2-22 10Q estimated annual amortization schedule; 2027E amortization assumed to grow by (0.5%)  Highly preliminary & confidential – Illustrative Analyses for Discussion  (1) 
 

 Illustrative WACC Analysis – Bloomberg  Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, Kroll, S&P Capital IQ as of 09/06/2022  Notes: (1) 5-year weekly Bloomberg Beta   (2) Deloitte Corporate Tax Rates 2022   (3) Kroll’s supply-side long term equity risk premium   (4) 20-year treasury rate as of 09/06/2022   (5) Size premium interpolated based on Kroll size premia by market cap range using assumed optimal capital structure for OptimusPrime of 80% Equity / Capitalization  ($ in millions) 
 

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