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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 9. Income Taxes

The Company estimates an annual effective income tax rate based on projected results for the year and applies this rate to income before taxes to calculate income tax expense. Any refinements made due to subsequent information that affects the estimated annual effective income tax rate are reflected as adjustments in the current period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s tax expense was $10.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the difference between the effective rate and the statutory rate is primarily due to non-deductible expenses, excess tax benefits associated with stock compensation, and state and local income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the difference between the effective rate and the statutory rate is primarily due to state and local income taxes less excess tax benefits associated with stock compensation.

As of March 31, 2019, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and the Company does not expect a significant increase or decrease to the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company and its subsidiaries file US federal income tax returns and various state and local income tax returns. The Company does not have tax sharing agreements with the other members within the consolidated ERI group. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to US federal or state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012.