Note 6. Other and Intangible Assets, net

Other and intangible assets, net, include the following amounts (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017			Useful Life
Goodwill	$	788,146		$	747,106		Indefinite

Gaming licenses	$	965,706		$	877,174		Indefinite
Trade names		120,829			108,250		Indefinite
Trade names		5,100			6,700		1 - 3.5 years
Loyalty programs		49,005			21,820		1 - 4 years
Subtotal		1,140,640			1,013,944
Accumulated amortization trade names		(5,100	)		(6,290	)
Accumulated amortization loyalty programs		(13,967	)		(10,838	)
Total gaming licenses and other intangible assets	$	1,121,573		$	996,816

Non-operating real property	$	17,880		$	18,069

Unamortized debt issuance costs - Revolving Credit Facility	$	8,292		$	8,616
Restricted cash		9,906			9,886
Other		12,203			12,130
Total other assets, net	$	30,401		$	30,632

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase prices of acquiring MTR Gaming, Isle and Elgin over the fair market value of the net assets acquired. In conjunction with the classification of Vicksburg’s operations as assets held for sale at March 31, 2018 (see Note 4) as a result of the announced sale to CDI, an impairment charge totaling $9.8 million was recorded due to the carrying value exceeding the estimated net sales proceeds. The impairment reduced the value of goodwill in the South segment.

The following table presents changes to goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

		Balance at January 1, 2018		Acquisitions		Impairments			Finalization of Isle Purchase Price Accounting			Assets Held for Sale			Balance at September 30, 2018
	(in thousands)
Goodwill by reportable segment:
West		$	152,775	$	—	$	—			(14	)		—		$	152,761
Midwest			327,088		—		—			(4,343	)		—			322,745
South			200,417		—		(9,815	)		(1,752	)		—			188,850
East			66,826		—		—			—			(3,122	)		63,704
Central			—		60,086		—			—			—			60,086
Total Goodwill		$	747,106	$	60,086	$	(9,815	)	$	(6,109	)	$	(3,122	)	$	788,146

Gaming licenses represent intangible assets acquired from the purchase of a gaming entity located in a gaming jurisdiction where competition is limited, such as when only a limited number of gaming operators are allowed to operate in the jurisdiction. These gaming license rights are not subject to amortization as the Company has determined that they have an indefinite useful lives.

Amortization expense related to trade names and loyalty programs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 totaled $2.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively, and $5.1 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Such amortization expense is expected to be $3.0 million for the remainder of 2018 and $11.9 million, $8.8 million, $7.2 million and $4.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.