Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Note 7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Accordingly, fair value is a market based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, there is a three‑tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair values as follows:

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Level 1 Inputs: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Level 2 Inputs: Observable market‑based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

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Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents include investments in money market funds. Investments in this category can be redeemed immediately at the current net asset value per share. A money market fund is a mutual fund whose investments are primarily in short‑term debt securities designed to maximize current income with liquidity and capital preservation, usually maintaining per share net asset value at a constant amount, such as one dollar. The carrying amounts approximate the fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments (Level 1).

Restricted Cash: Restricted cash includes unredeemed winning tickets from the Company’s racing operations, funds related to horsemen’s fines and certain simulcasting funds that are restricted to payments for improving horsemen’s facilities and racing purses at Scioto Downs, cash deposits that serve as collateral for letters of credit, surety bonds and short-term certificates of deposit that serve as collateral for certain bonding requirements. Restricted cash is classified as Level 1 as its carrying value approximates market prices.

Escrow Cash: Escrow cash represents the 6% Senior Notes proceeds and one month of associated interest placed into escrow pending satisfaction of certain conditions, including consummation of the Isle Acquisition. Escrow cash is classified as Level 1 as its carrying value approximates market prices.

Long‑term Debt: The 7% Senior Notes and 6% Senior Notes are classified as Level 2 based upon market inputs. The Term Loan under the credit facility is classified as Level 2 as it is tied to market rates of interest and its carrying value approximates market value. The fair value of the 7% Senior Notes and 6% Senior Notes were based on quoted market prices at March 31, 2017.

Acquisition-Related Contingent Considerations: Contingent consideration related to the July 2003 acquisition of Scioto Downs represents the estimate of amounts to be paid to former stockholders of Scioto Downs under certain earn-out provisions. The Company considers the acquisition related contingency’s fair value measurement, which includes forecast assumptions, to be Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Amount		Value		Amount		Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,574	$	44,574	$	61,029	$	61,029
Restricted cash		2,062		2,062		2,414		2,414
Escrow cash		376,750		376,750		—		—
Financial liabilities:
7% Senior Notes	$	367,081	$	397,500	$	366,859	$	397,500
6% Senior Notes		371,220		379,688		—		—
Term Loan		405,497		417,563		406,047		423,858
Revolving Credit Facility		21,119		23,000		26,977		29,000
Acquisition-related contingent considerations		512		512		496		496

The following table represents the change in acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities for the period December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017:

Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	496
Amortization of present value discount⁽¹⁾		15
Fair value adjustment for change in consideration expected to be paid⁽²⁾		1
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	512

(1)	Changes in present value are included as a component of interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

(2)	Fair value adjustments for changes in earn-out estimates are included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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