PENSION, POST-RETIREMENT AND POST-EMPLOYMENT PLANS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

PENSION, POST-RETIREMENT AND POST-EMPLOYMENT PLANS

PENSION, POST-RETIREMENT AND POST-EMPLOYMENT PLANS

For 2024, 2023 and 2022, the net periodic benefit for all plans totaled $1.8 million, $1.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

Domestic Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The domestic non-contributory defined benefit pension plan is closed to new participants. Pursuant to this plan, retirement benefits are provided based upon years of service and compensation levels. An investment committee, appointed by the Board, manages the plan and its assets in accordance with the plan’s investment policies. These investment policies incorporate an asset allocation strategy that emphasizes the long-term growth of capital and acceptable asset volatility as long as it is consistent with the volatility of the relevant market indexes. The investment policies attempt to achieve a mix of approximately 95% of plan investments for liability-matching, 3% for long-term growth and 2% for near-term benefit payments. The Company believes this strategy is consistent with the long-term nature of plan liabilities and ultimate cash needs of the plan. Plan assets consist primarily of listed stocks, equity security funds, short-term treasury bond mutual funds, long-credit funds and derivatives. The weighted average asset allocation of the plan was 95% fixed income holdings, 3% equity securities and derivatives and 2% cash at December 31, 2024.

Actual pension expense and future contributions required to fund this pension plan will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates, the level of Company contributions and various other factors related to the populations participating in this pension plan. The Company evaluates the plan's actuarial assumptions on an annual basis, including the expected long-term rate of return on assets and discount rate, and adjusts the assumptions, as necessary, to ensure proper funding levels are maintained so that the plan can meet obligations as they become due.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the projected benefit obligation for this pension plan totaled $157 million and $171 million, respectively.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans

The Company sponsors SERPs that entitle certain employees to the difference between the benefits actually paid to them and the benefits they would have received under the pension plan described above were it not for certain restrictions imposed by the Internal Revenue Service Code. Covered compensation under the SERPs includes an employee’s annual salary and bonus. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the projected benefit obligation for the SERPs totaled $5.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively.

Foreign Pension Plans

The Company's international benefit plans are included in the tables presented below. These plans are not significant, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the projected benefit obligation for these foreign pension plans totaled $18.1 million and $19.8 million, respectively.

Certain foreign subsidiaries maintain other benefit plans that are consistent with statutory practices, but do not meet the criteria for pension or post-retirement accounting and have therefore been excluded from the tables presented below. These benefit plans had obligation balances of $2.2 million and $3.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and "Pension and post-retirement benefits."

Domestic Defined Benefit Post-Retirement Medical and Dental Plan

The Company sponsors defined benefit post-retirement medical and dental plans that covers all of its MacDermid, Incorporated, domestic full-time employees, hired prior to April 1, 1997, who retire after age 55, with at least ten to twenty years of service (depending upon the date of hire). Eligible employees receive a subsidy from the Company towards the purchase of their retiree medical benefits based on the date of retirement. The annual increase in the Company’s costs for post-retirement medical benefits is subject to a limit of 5%. Retirees are required to contribute to the plan costs in excess of their respective Company limits in addition to their other required contributions. The projected benefit obligation for the post-retirement plan at December 31, 2024 was comprised of 40% retirees, 28% fully eligible active participants and 32% other participants. The actuarial determination of the Company's accumulated benefit obligation associated with the plan for post-retirement medical benefits assumes annual cost increases of 2% or 4% based on the date of retirement.

The components of net periodic (benefit) cost of the Domestic and Foreign Pension Plans and Domestic Post-Retirement Medical Benefits were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024				2023				2022
(dollars in millions)	Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Foreign
Pension and SERP Benefits
Service cost	$	—	$	0.6	$	—	$	0.6	$	—	$	0.8
Interest cost on the projected benefit obligation	8.4		0.6		8.7		0.7		6.3		0.3
Expected return on plan assets	(11.3)		(0.2)		(10.7)		(0.2)		(10.1)		(0.2)
Amortization of actuarial net gain	—		—		—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Plan curtailment	—		—		—		(0.4)		—		—
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	(2.9)	$	1.0	$	(2.0)	$	0.6	$	(3.8)	$	0.8
Post-retirement Medical Benefits
Interest cost on the projected benefit obligation	$	0.3			$	0.3			$	0.2
Amortization of actuarial net gain	(0.2)				(0.4)				—
Net periodic cost	$	0.1			$	(0.1)			$	0.2

The weighted average key assumptions used to determine the net periodic (benefit) cost of the Domestic and Foreign Pension Plans and Domestic Post-Retirement Medical Benefits were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
	Domestic	Foreign	Domestic	Foreign	Domestic	Foreign
Pension and SERP Benefits
Discount rate	5.0%	3.1%	5.2%	3.5%	2.8%	1.2%
Rate of compensation increase	3.0%	3.4%	3.0%	3.2%	3.0%	2.9%
Interest crediting rate	5.3%	3.3%	5.3%	3.4%	5.3%	3.1%
Long-term rate of return on assets	7.0%	3.1%	7.0%	3.6%	4.8%	3.1%
Post-retirement Medical Benefits
Discount rate	5.0%		5.1%		2.9%

The expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption is developed with reference to historical returns, forward-looking return expectations, the Domestic and Foreign Pension Plans' investment allocations and peer comparisons.

The following tables summarize changes in benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status of the Company’s plans:

	Pension and SERP Benefits								Post-Retirement Medical Benefits
	2024				2023				2024		2023
(dollars in millions)	Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Domestic
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation:
Beginning of period balance	$	176.6	$	19.8	$	175.2	$	19.4	$	5.4	$	5.9
Service cost	—		0.6		—		0.6		—		—
Interest cost	8.4		0.6		8.7		0.7		0.3		0.3
Plan curtailment	—		—		—		(0.4)		—		—
Actuarial (gain) loss due to assumption change	(9.3)		(0.2)		3.0		0.8		(0.2)		0.1
Actuarial (gain) loss due to plan experience	(1.7)		0.1		1.3		0.2		0.1		(0.5)
Benefits and expenses paid	(12.3)		(1.0)		(11.6)		(0.8)		(0.4)		(0.4)
Settlement	—		(0.4)		—		(1.0)		—		—
Foreign currency translation	—		(1.4)		—		0.3		—		—
End of period balance	$	161.7	$	18.1	$	176.6	$	19.8	$	5.2	$	5.4
Change in Plan Assets:
Beginning of period balance	$	168.4	$	5.0	$	158.7	$	4.9	$	—	$	—
Actual return on plan assets, net of expenses	7.1		0.4		20.8		0.1		—		—
Employer contributions	0.8		1.6		0.5		1.7		0.4		0.4
Benefits paid	(12.3)		(1.0)		(11.6)		(0.8)		(0.4)		(0.4)
Settlement	—		(0.4)		—		(1.0)		—		—
Foreign currency translation	—		(0.4)		—		0.1		—		—
End of period balance	$	164.0	$	5.2	$	168.4	$	5.0	$	—	$	—
Funded Status
Funded status of plan	$	2.3	$	(12.9)	$	(8.2)	$	(14.8)	$	(5.2)	$	(5.4)
Supplemental Information:
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	161.7	$	16.3	$	176.6	$	17.4	$	5.2	$	5.4
Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligation in excess of Plan Assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	5.0	$	14.5	$	176.6	$	15.5	$	5.2	$	5.4
Fair value plan assets	$	—	$	2.6	$	168.4	$	2.5	$	—	$	—
Plans with Projected Benefit Obligation in excess of Plan Assets:
Projected benefit obligation	$	5.0	$	15.9	$	176.6	$	19.6	$	5.2	$	5.4
Fair value plan assets	$	—	$	2.6	$	168.4	$	4.6	$	—	$	—

Weighted average key assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations in the actuarial valuations of the pension and post-retirement benefit liabilities were as follows:

	Pension and SERP Benefits				Post-Retirement Medical Benefits
	2024		2023		2024	2023
	Domestic	Foreign	Domestic	Foreign	Domestic	Domestic
Discount rate	5.6%	3.1%	5.0%	3.1%	5.6%	5.0%
Rate of compensation increase	3.0%	3.3%	3.0%	3.4%	N/A	N/A
Interest crediting rate	5.3%	2.9%	5.3%	3.3%	N/A	N/A

(N/A) Not applicable.

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" consist of the following:

	Pension and SERP Benefits								Post-Retirement Medical Benefits
	2024				2023				2024		2023
(dollars in millions)	Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Foreign		Domestic		Domestic
Balance Sheet
Other assets	$	7.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	0.7		0.8		0.9		0.8		0.5		0.5
Pension and post-retirement benefits	4.4		12.1		7.3		14.0		4.7		4.9
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Net actuarial (loss) gain	$	(0.6)	$	1.5	$	(7.4)	$	1.4	$	2.0	$	2.1

The following table presents the fair value of plan assets:

		December 31,
(dollars in millions)	Classification	2024		2023
Asset Category
Derivatives	Level 2	$	4.6	$	7.7
Exchange-traded funds holding domestic securities	Level 1	—		9.6
Foreign bonds	Level 2	2.0		2.0
Mutual funds holding fixed income securities	Level 1	43.2		35.2
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 2	38.3		30.8
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	6.9		5.2
Sub-Total		95.0		90.5
Assets using net asset value (NAV) as a practical expedient		74.2		82.9
Total		$	169.2	$	173.4

Assets using NAV as a practical expedient include commingled funds that are not actively traded or whose underlying investments are valued using observable marketplace inputs.

At December 31, 2024, expected future benefit payments related to the Company’s defined benefit plans were as follows:

	Pension and SERP Benefits				Post-Retirement Medical Benefits		Total
(dollars in millions)	Domestic		Foreign
2025	$	13.4	$	1.3	$	0.5	$	15.2
2026	13.2		1.2		0.5		14.9
2027	13.3		1.1		0.4		14.8
2028	13.5		1.0		0.4		14.9
2029	13.2		1.0		0.4		14.6
Subsequent five years	62.8		9.7		1.9		74.4
Total	$	129.4	$	15.3	$	4.1	$	148.8

The measurement date used to determine pension and other post-retirement medical benefits was December 31, 2024, at which time the minimum contribution level for the following year was determined. The Company is not required to make any plan contributions in 2025.