SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting	Basis of Accounting—The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of us and our subsidiaries. These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation—We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and control over significant operating decisions, as well as variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The ownership interest of other investors in consolidated subsidiaries is recorded as non-controlling interest. We use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of the underlying net income (loss) of these entities as well as the proportionate interest in adjustments to other comprehensive loss.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties	Risks and Uncertainties—In the normal course of business, we encounter several significant types of economic risk including credit, market, and capital market risks. Credit risk is the risk of the inability or unwillingness of a lessee or customer to make contractually required payments or to fulfill its other contractual obligations. Market risk reflects the risk of a downturn or volatility in the underlying industry segments in which we operate, which could adversely impact the pricing of the services offered by us or a lessee’s or customer’s ability to make payments, increase the risk of unscheduled lease terminations and depress lease rates and the value of our leasing equipment or operating assets. Capital market risk is the risk that we are unable to obtain capital at reasonable rates to fund the growth of our business or to refinance existing debt facilities. We, through our subsidiaries, also conduct operations outside of the United States; such international operations are subject to the same risks as those associated with our United States operations as well as additional risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with foreign laws. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk as all of our leasing arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.Restricted Cash—Restricted cash consists of funds required for the Company’s investment in Quick Turn, as described in Note 5, of $19.5 million as of December 31, 2022.
Inventory	Inventory—We hold aircraft engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory for trading and to support operations. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value on our consolidated balance sheets.
Revenues	Revenues—We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by products and services. Revenues are within the scope of ASC 842, Leases, and ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, unless otherwise noted. We have elected to exclude sales and other similar taxes from revenues. During the third quarter of 2022, we updated our corporate strategy based on the opportunities available in the market such that the sale of aircraft and engines is now an output of our recurring, ordinary activities. As a result of this update, the transaction price allocated to the sale of assets is included in Asset sales revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning in the third quarter of 2022 and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. The corresponding net book values of the assets sold are recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning in the third quarter of 2022. Sales transactions of aircraft and engines prior to the third quarter of 2022 were accounted for in accordance with ASC 610-20, Gains and losses from the derecognition of nonfinancial assets and were included in Gain on sale of assets, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, as we were previously only occasionally selling these assets. Generally, assets sold were under leasing arrangements with customers prior to sales and were included in Leasing equipment, net, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating Leases—We lease equipment pursuant to operating leases. Operating leases with fixed rentals and step rentals are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, assuming no renewals. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. Generally, under our aircraft lease and engine agreements, the lessee is required to make periodic maintenance payments calculated based on the lessee’s utilization of the leased asset or at the end of the lease. Typically, under our aircraft lease agreements, the lessee is responsible for maintenance, repairs and other operating expenses throughout the term of the lease. These periodic maintenance payments accumulate over the term of the lease to fund major maintenance events, and we are contractually obligated to return maintenance payments to the lessee up to the cost of maintenance events paid by the lessee. In the event the total cost of maintenance events over the term of a lease is less than the cumulative maintenance payments, we are not required to return any unused or excess maintenance payments to the lessee. Maintenance payments received for which we expect to repay to the lessee are presented as Maintenance Deposits in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. All excess maintenance payments received that we do not expect to repay to the lessee are recorded as Maintenance revenues. Estimates in recognizing revenue include mean time between removal, projected costs for engine maintenance and forecasted utilization of aircraft which are affected by historical usage patterns and overall industry, market and economic conditions. Significant changes to these estimates could have a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized in the period. For purchase and lease back transactions, we account for the transaction as a single arrangement. We allocate the consideration paid based on the relative fair value of the aircraft and lease. The fair value of the lease may include a lease premium or discount, which is recorded as a favorable or unfavorable lease intangible. Finance Leases—From time to time we enter into finance lease arrangements that include a lessee obligation to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, a bargain purchase option, or provides for minimum lease payments with a present value that equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased equipment at the date of lease inception. Net investment in finance leases represents the minimum lease payments due from lessee, net of unearned income. The lease payments are segregated into principal and interest components similar to a loan. Unearned income is recognized on an effective interest method over the lease term and is recorded as finance lease income. The principal component of the lease payment is reflected as a reduction to the net investment in finance leases. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. Asset sales revenue—Asset sales revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of aircraft and aircraft engines from our Aviation Leasing segment. From time to time, the Company may also assign the related lease agreements to the customer as part of the sale of these assets. We routinely sell leasing equipment to customers and such transactions are considered recurring and ordinary in nature to our business. As such, these sales are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over an asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Aerospace Products revenue—Aerospace Products revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of repaired CFM56-7B and CFM56-5B engines, engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory, and are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over the related asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Aerospace products revenue also consists of engine management service contracts, where the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide replacement CFM56-7B and CFM56-5B engines to customers as they become unserviceable during the contract term. The Company recognizes revenue over time using a straight-line attribution method and the costs related to fulfilling the performance obligation are expensed as incurred.
Leasing Arrangements	Leasing Arrangements—At contract inception, we evaluate whether an arrangement is or contains a lease for which we are the lessee (that is, arrangements which provide us with the right to control a physical asset for a period of time). Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are included in Other assets and Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Finance lease ROU assets are recognized in Other assets and lease liabilities are recognized in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. All lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease. ROU assets, for both operating and finance leases, are initially measured based on the lease liability, adjusted for prepaid rent and lease incentives. Operating lease ROU assets are subsequently measured at the carrying amount of the lease liability adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments and lease incentives. The finance lease ROU assets are subsequently amortized using the straight-line method. Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. With respect to finance leases, amortization of the ROU asset is presented separately from interest expense related to the finance lease liability and is recorded in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Variable lease payments, which are primarily based on usage, are recognized when the associated activity occurs. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts where we are the lessee. Additionally, for arrangements with lease terms of 12 months or less, we do not recognize ROU assets, and lease liabilities and lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with variable lease payments recognized in the period in which the obligation is incurred.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk—We are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to amounts due from customers. We attempt to limit our credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations. We earned 18% and 10% of our revenue from two customers in the Aviation Leasing segment during the three months ended March 31, 2023. No single customer accounted for greater than 10% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, there was one customer in the Aviation Leasing segment that represented 15% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2022, there were two customers in the Aviation Leasing segment that represented 20% and 12% of total accounts receivable, net. We maintain cash balances, which generally exceed federally insured limits, and subject us to credit risk, in high credit quality financial institutions. We monitor the financial condition of these institutions and have not experienced any losses associated with these accounts.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of our receivables on a customer-by-customer basis.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss—Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. Our comprehensive loss represents net income (loss), as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges of our equity method investees of discontinued operations. The cash flow impact of commodity derivatives held by our consolidated subsidiaries is recognized in Change in fair value of non-hedge derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements—The Company has evaluated all recent accounting pronouncements and none are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows: •Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs. •Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability. The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: •Market approach—Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. •Income approach—Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts. •Cost approach—Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist largely of demand deposit accounts with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased that are considered to be highly liquid. These instruments are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical instruments and are therefore classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. Except as discussed below, our financial instruments other than cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist principally of accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loans payable, security deposits, maintenance deposits and management fees payable, whose fair values approximate their carrying values based on an evaluation of pricing data, vendor quotes, and historical trading activity or due to their short maturity profiles. The fair values of all other items reported as Debt, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate their carrying values due to their bearing market rates of interest and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company has contingent obligations under ASC 460, Guarantees, in connection with certain sales of aircraft on lease, which are measured at fair value. The guarantees are valued at $6.3 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are reflected as a component of Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of the guarantees are determined based on the estimated condition of the engines at the end of each lease term, the estimated cost of replacement and applicable discount rates, and are classified as Level 3. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.3 million increase in guarantees related to the sale of six aircraft and a $1.8 million decrease related to the change in fair value, which is recorded as Asset sales revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We measure the fair value of certain assets on a non-recurring basis when GAAP requires the application of fair value, including events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Assets subject to these measurements include intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, leasing equipment and inventory. We record such assets at fair value when it is determined the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair value measurements for assets subject to impairment tests are based on an income approach which uses Level 3 inputs, which include our assumptions as to future cash flows from operation of the leasing and eventual sale of assets.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Basis of Accounting—The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of us and our subsidiaries. These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation—We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and control over significant operating decisions, as well as variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The ownership interest of other investors in consolidated subsidiaries is recorded as non-controlling interest.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of the underlying net income (loss) of these entities as well as the proportionate interest in adjustments to other comprehensive loss.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties—In the normal course of business, we encounter several significant types of economic risk including credit, market, and capital market risks. Credit risk is the risk of the inability or unwillingness of a lessee or customer to make contractually required payments or to fulfill its other contractual obligations. Market risk reflects the risk of a downturn or volatility in the underlying industry segments in which we operate, which could adversely impact the pricing of the services offered by us or a lessee’s or customer’s ability to make payments, increase the risk of unscheduled lease terminations and depress lease rates and the value of our leasing equipment or operating assets. Capital market risk is the risk that we are unable to obtain capital at reasonable rates to fund the growth of our business or to refinance existing debt facilities. We, through our subsidiaries, also conduct operations outside of the United States; such international operations are subject to the same risks as those associated with our United States operations as well as additional risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with foreign laws. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk as all of our leasing arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.Restricted Cash—Restricted cash consists of funds required for the Company’s investment in Quick Turn, as described in Note 5, of $19.5 million as of December 31, 2022.

Inventory

Inventory—We hold aircraft engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory for trading and to support operations. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Revenues

Revenues—We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by products and services. Revenues are within the scope of ASC 842, Leases, and ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, unless otherwise noted. We have elected to exclude sales and other similar taxes from revenues.

During the third quarter of 2022, we updated our corporate strategy based on the opportunities available in the market such that the sale of aircraft and engines is now an output of our recurring, ordinary activities. As a result of this update, the transaction price allocated to the sale of assets is included in Asset sales revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning in the third quarter of 2022 and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. The corresponding net book values of the assets sold are recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning in the third quarter of 2022. Sales transactions of aircraft and engines prior to the third quarter of 2022 were accounted for in accordance with ASC 610-20, Gains and losses from the derecognition of nonfinancial assets and were included in Gain on sale of assets, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, as we were previously only occasionally selling these assets. Generally, assets sold were under leasing arrangements with customers prior to sales and were included in Leasing equipment, net, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Operating Leases—We lease equipment pursuant to operating leases. Operating leases with fixed rentals and step rentals are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, assuming no renewals. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received.

Generally, under our aircraft lease and engine agreements, the lessee is required to make periodic maintenance payments calculated based on the lessee’s utilization of the leased asset or at the end of the lease. Typically, under our aircraft lease agreements, the lessee is responsible for maintenance, repairs and other operating expenses throughout the term of the lease. These periodic maintenance payments accumulate over the term of the lease to fund major maintenance events, and we are contractually obligated to return maintenance payments to the lessee up to the cost of maintenance events paid by the lessee. In the event the total cost of maintenance events over the term of a lease is less than the cumulative maintenance payments, we are not required to return any unused or excess maintenance payments to the lessee.

Maintenance payments received for which we expect to repay to the lessee are presented as Maintenance Deposits in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. All excess maintenance payments received that we do not expect to repay to the lessee are recorded as Maintenance revenues. Estimates in recognizing revenue include mean time between removal, projected costs for engine maintenance and forecasted utilization of aircraft which are affected by historical usage patterns and overall industry, market and economic conditions. Significant changes to these estimates could have a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized in the period.

For purchase and lease back transactions, we account for the transaction as a single arrangement. We allocate the consideration paid based on the relative fair value of the aircraft and lease. The fair value of the lease may include a lease premium or discount, which is recorded as a favorable or unfavorable lease intangible.

Finance Leases—From time to time we enter into finance lease arrangements that include a lessee obligation to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, a bargain purchase option, or provides for minimum lease payments with a present value that equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased equipment at the date of lease inception. Net investment in finance leases represents the minimum lease payments due from lessee, net of unearned income. The lease payments are segregated into principal and interest components similar to a loan. Unearned income is recognized on an effective interest method over the lease term and is recorded as finance lease income. The principal component of the lease payment is reflected as a reduction to the net investment in finance leases. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received.

Asset sales revenue—Asset sales revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of aircraft and aircraft engines from our Aviation Leasing segment. From time to time, the Company may also assign the related lease agreements to the customer as part of the sale of these assets. We routinely sell leasing equipment to customers and such transactions are considered recurring and ordinary in nature to our business. As such, these sales are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over an asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Aerospace Products revenue—Aerospace Products revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of repaired CFM56-7B and CFM56-5B engines, engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory, and are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over the related asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Aerospace products revenue also consists of engine management service contracts, where the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide replacement CFM56-7B and CFM56-5B engines to customers as they become unserviceable during the contract term. The Company recognizes revenue over time using a straight-line attribution method and the costs related to fulfilling the performance obligation are expensed as incurred.

Leasing Arrangements

Leasing Arrangements—At contract inception, we evaluate whether an arrangement is or contains a lease for which we are the lessee (that is, arrangements which provide us with the right to control a physical asset for a period of time). Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are included in Other assets and Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Finance lease ROU assets are recognized in Other assets and lease liabilities are recognized in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease. ROU assets, for both operating and finance leases, are initially measured based on the lease liability, adjusted for prepaid rent and lease incentives. Operating lease ROU assets are subsequently measured at the carrying amount of the lease liability adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments and lease incentives. The finance lease ROU assets are subsequently amortized using the straight-line method.

Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. With respect to finance leases, amortization of the ROU asset is presented separately from interest expense related to the finance lease liability and is recorded in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Variable lease payments, which are primarily based on usage, are recognized when the associated activity occurs.

We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts where we are the lessee. Additionally, for arrangements with lease terms of 12 months or less, we do not recognize ROU assets, and lease liabilities and lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with variable lease payments recognized in the period in which the obligation is incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk—We are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to amounts due from customers. We attempt to limit our credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations. We earned 18% and 10% of our revenue from two customers in the Aviation Leasing segment during the three months ended March 31, 2023. No single customer accounted for greater than 10% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2023, there was one customer in the Aviation Leasing segment that represented 15% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2022, there were two customers in the Aviation Leasing segment that represented 20% and 12% of total accounts receivable, net.

We maintain cash balances, which generally exceed federally insured limits, and subject us to credit risk, in high credit quality financial institutions. We monitor the financial condition of these institutions and have not experienced any losses associated with these accounts.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of our receivables on a customer-by-customer basis.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss—Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. Our comprehensive loss represents net income (loss), as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges of our equity method investees of discontinued operations. The cash flow impact of commodity derivatives held by our consolidated subsidiaries is recognized in Change in fair value of non-hedge derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—The Company has evaluated all recent accounting pronouncements and none are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Market approach—Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

•Income approach—Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts.

•Cost approach—Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist largely of demand deposit accounts with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased that are considered to be highly liquid. These instruments are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical instruments and are therefore classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Except as discussed below, our financial instruments other than cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist principally of accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loans payable, security deposits, maintenance deposits and management fees payable, whose fair values approximate their carrying values based on an evaluation of pricing data, vendor quotes, and historical trading activity or due to their short maturity profiles.

The fair values of all other items reported as Debt, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate their carrying values due to their bearing market rates of interest and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company has contingent obligations under ASC 460, Guarantees, in connection with certain sales of aircraft on lease, which are measured at fair value. The guarantees are valued at $6.3 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are reflected as a component of Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of the guarantees are determined based on the estimated condition of the engines at the end of each lease term, the estimated cost of replacement and applicable discount rates, and are classified as Level 3. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.3 million increase in guarantees related to the sale of six aircraft and a $1.8 million decrease related to the change in fair value, which is recorded as Asset sales revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We measure the fair value of certain assets on a non-recurring basis when GAAP requires the application of fair value, including events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Assets subject to these measurements include intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, leasing equipment and inventory. We record such assets at fair value when it is determined the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair value measurements for assets subject to impairment tests are based on an income approach which uses Level 3 inputs, which include our assumptions as to future cash flows from operation of the leasing and eventual sale of assets.