Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to instructions to the SEC's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and reflect the accounts and operations of the Company and those of its subsidiaries.

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accordingly, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2019, the unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and the unaudited condensed consolidated results of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 have been included. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on April 16, 2019 (the "Annual Report"). The December 31, 2018 balances reported herein are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include stock-based compensation, fair values relating to derivative liabilities and the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825-10") requires disclosure of the fair value of certain financial instruments. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities as reflected in the balance sheets, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. All other significant financial assets, financial liabilities and equity instruments of the Company are either recognized or disclosed in the financial statements together with other information relevant for making a reasonable assessment of future cash flows, interest rate risk and credit risk.

The Company follows ASC 825-10, which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company monitors outstanding receivables based on factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other information. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on an assessment of the Company's ability to collect on customer accounts receivable. There is judgment involved with estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, and if the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make the required payments, the Company may be required to record additional allowances or charges against revenues. The Company writes-off accounts receivable against the allowance when it determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues its collection.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when services are realized or realizable and earned less estimated future doubtful accounts.

The Company's revenues accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers ("ASC 606") generally do not require significant estimates or judgments based on the nature of the Company's revenue streams. The sales prices are generally fixed at the point of sale and all consideration from contracts is included in the transaction price. The Company's contracts do not include multiple performance obligations or material variable consideration.

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. MassRoots recognizes revenue in accordance with that core principle by applying the following:

(i) Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

(ii) Identify the performance obligation in the contract;

(iii) Determine the transaction price;

(iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(v) Recognize revenue when (or as) MassRoots satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company primarily generates revenue by charging businesses to advertise on the Company's network. The Company has the ability to target advertisements directly to a client's target audience based on their location and on their mobile devices. In cases where clients sign advertising contracts for an extended period of time, the Company only realizes revenue for services provided during that quarter and defers all other revenue to future periods.

Acquisitions and Subsidiaries

Acquisitions and Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities over which MassRoots has the power to govern the financial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether MassRoots controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to MassRoots.  

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by MassRoots. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred as consideration, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the MassRoots' share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement.

Advertising

Advertising

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company charged to operations $2,967 and $36,407, respectively, as advertising expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company charged to operations $39,332 and $468,958, respectively, as advertising expense.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees, non-employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company follows ASC subtopic 740-10, Income Taxes ("ASC 740-10") for recording the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability during each period.

If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change. Deferred income taxes may arise from temporary differences resulting from income and expense items reported for financial accounting and tax purposes in different periods.

Convertible Instruments

Convertible Instruments

U.S. GAAP requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable to generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. An exception to this rule is when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional, as that term is described under ASC 480, "Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity."

When the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company classifies as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provide the Company with a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) providing that such contracts are indexed to the Company's own stock. The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the Company's control) or (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). The Company assesses classification of its common stock purchase warrants and other free-standing derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required.

The Company's free-standing derivatives consisted of warrants to purchase common stock that were issued in connection with the issuance of debt and the sale of common stock, and of embedded conversion options with convertible debentures. The Company evaluated these derivatives to assess their proper classification in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 using the applicable classification criteria enumerated under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company determined that certain embedded conversion and/or exercise features did not contain fixed settlement provisions. The convertible debentures contained a conversion feature such that the Company could not ensure it would have adequate authorized shares to meet all possible conversion demands.

As such, the Company was required to record the derivatives which do not have fixed settlement provisions as liabilities and mark to market all such derivatives to fair value at the end of each reporting period.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The test for impairment is required to be performed by management at least annually. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flow expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Intangible assets are stated at cost and reviewed annually to examine any impairments, usually assuming an estimated useful lives of three to five years. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings.

Indefinite Lived Intangibles and Goodwill Assets

Indefinite Lived Intangibles and Goodwill Assets

The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations," where the total purchase price is allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The purchase price is allocated using the information currently available, and may be adjusted, up to one year from acquisition date, after obtaining more information regarding, among other things, asset valuations, liabilities assumed and revisions to preliminary estimates. The purchase price in excess of the fair value of the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.

The Company tests for indefinite lived intangibles and goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of each year and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value and may not be recoverable.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Chief Executive Officer, or decision-making group, in deciding the method to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company currently has one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes, which represents the Company's core business.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

The Company computes earnings (loss) per share under ASC subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share, if presented, would include the dilution that would occur upon the exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive securities into common stock using the "treasury stock" and/or "if converted" methods, as applicable.

The computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 excludes potentially dilutive securities when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, or if their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock during the period.

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share are as follows:

	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible debentures		1,456,478,815		6,600,000
Options to purchase common stock		27,621,765		27,357,765
Warrants to purchase common stock		2,517,052,238		41,226,339
Common stock issuable upon conversion of preferred stock		1,131,613,184		-
Totals		5,132,766,002		75,184,104

Reclassification

Reclassification  

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years' data to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on reported income (losses).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") 2017-04 (Topic 350), "Intangibles – Goodwill and Others" – Issued in January 2017, ASU 2017-04 simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 including interim periods within those periods. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2017-04 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU 2017-01 (Topic 805), "Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business" – Issued in January 2017, ASU 2017-01 revises the definition of a business and provides new guidance in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. This guidance was effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU No. 2014-09 (Topic 606), "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" – Issued in May 2014, ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers using a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date". This amendment defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Gross versus Net)", which amends the principal versus agent guidance and clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In addition, the FASB issued ASU Nos. 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and 2016-12, "Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", both of which provide additional clarification of certain provisions in Topic 606. These ASUs are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017; however, early adoption is permitted as of annual reporting periods after December 15, 2016. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method.

The Company has applied the guidance using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations but such adoption resulted in additional disclosures regarding the Company's revenue recognition policies. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not require material or significant changes to its internal controls over financial reporting. In connection with the application of that guidance and the adoption of ASU 2014-09, the Company has expanded its revenue recognition inquiries and updated its questionnaires to identify matters that would signal variable consideration implications under the new guidance.

FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) – ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize, in the statement of financial position, a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e. January 1, 2019, for a calendar year entity). Early application is permitted for all public business entities and all non-public business entities upon issuance. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

FASB ASU No. 2018-07 (Topic 718), "Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting" – Issued in June 2018, ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606. The new standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

There are other various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.