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Stock-based Compensation (Notes)
9 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based Compensation:
(a)    2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2013 Incentive Plan”):
On December 16, 2013, our Board of Directors adopted the CHC Group Ltd. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, an equity compensation plan that permits us to grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, other share based awards and performance compensation awards to certain eligible directors, officers, employees, consultants or advisors of the Company and its affiliates. A maximum of 7.5 million of the outstanding ordinary shares of the Company may be granted under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
New awards
On January 16, 2014, certain members of the executive team, eligible vice presidents, senior officers and director level employees were granted stock options, time-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance based restricted stock units ("PB RSUs").
The stock options vest and are exercisable in three equal annual installments of 33.3% beginning one year from the date of grant. All of the stock options will vest immediately on a change of control and are then cancelled, in exchange for an amount equal to the excess of the value of the consideration to be paid to ordinary shareholders over the option exercise price if the stock options are not assumed, continued or substituted by the new entity.
The RSUs vest in three equal annual installments of 33.3% beginning one year from the date of grant. The eligible employee receives ordinary shares of the Company equal to the number of RSUs vested. All of the RSUs will vest immediately on a change of control and are then cancelled, in exchange for an amount equal to the value of the consideration to be paid to ordinary shareholders if the RSUs are not assumed, continued or substituted by the new entity. The holders of RSUs are entitled to receive cash dividend equivalents, which would be reinvested in restricted share units, based on the cash dividends paid on the ordinary shares during the period the RSUs are outstanding.
The PB RSUs cliff vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The number of shares which will be received is based on the change in the Company’s stock price relative to the change in the stock prices of the companies in the S&P Energy Index over the three year period from the date of grant. The number of shares to be received will range from 0% to 200% of the PB RSUs granted. All of the PB RSUs will convert into RSUs on a change of control if the PB RSUs are not assumed, continued or substituted by the new entity.  If the change of control occurs within 18 months of January 16, 2014 the number of RSUs that will vest on the third anniversary of grant will be equal to the number of PB RSUs granted.  If the change of control occurs after 18 months from January 16, 2014 the number of shares received on the third anniversary of grant will be equal to the number of PB RSUs that would otherwise have been received based on the actual performance between the date of grant and the date of the change of control.  The holders of PB RSUs are entitled to receive cash dividend equivalents, which would be reinvested in RSUs, based on the cash dividends paid on the ordinary shares during the period the PB RSUs are outstanding.
The following table summarizes the stock options, RSUs and PB RSUs granted under the 2013 Incentive Plan. There were no forfeitures or exercises for the nine months ended January 31, 2014.
 
January 31, 2014
 
Outstanding number of instruments
Weighted average exercise price
Weighted remaining contractual life
Weighted average grant date fair value
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options
2,733,450

$
10.00

10 years
$
4.13

RSUs
1,076,847


3 years
10.00

PB RSUs
436,617


3 years
12.60

 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period

 
 
 

21.    Stock-based Compensation:
(a)    2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2013 Incentive Plan”) (continued):
Exchanged awards
In connection with the IPO, members of the 2011 Management Equity Plan (“2011 Plan”) (see (b) below) exchanged their performance options under the 2011 Plan for either share price performance options or share price performance shares under the 2013 Incentive Plan and their time and performance options under the 2011 plan for either service vesting stock options or service vesting shares under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
The share price performance options and share price performance shares vest and are exercisable in up to four tranches based on the satisfaction of specified market conditions. The first third of the options and/or shares will vest on the achievement of a price of our ordinary shares at least $40.00, based on a 20 day trading average. The second third of the options and/or shares will vest on the achievement of a price of our ordinary shares of at least $53.60, based on a 20 day trading average. One sixth of the options and/or shares will vest on the achievement of a price of our ordinary shares of at least $60.00, based on a 20 day trading average. The remaining one sixth of the options and/or shares will vest on the achievement of a price of our ordinary shares of at least $67.20, based on a 20 day trading average. Once vested the ordinary shares will be subject to transfer restrictions and can only be sold on a pro-rata basis when the parent company sells ordinary shares of the Company.
The service vesting stock options and service vesting shares vest and are exercisable in three equal annual installments of 33.3% beginning six months after the date of grant. The service vesting stock options are granted at an exercise price that is not to be less than 100% of the fair value of an ordinary share on the date of grant.
The following table summarizes the 2013 Incentive Plan service vesting stock options, share price performance options, service vesting shares and share price performance shares received in exchange for performance options and time and performance options under the 2011 Plan. There were no additional grants, forfeitures or exercises for the nine months ended January 31, 2014.        
 
January 31, 2014
 
Outstanding number of instruments
Weighted average exercise price
Weighted remaining contractual life
Weighted average grant date fair value
 
 
 
 
 
Service vesting stock options
46,403

$
0.0001

10 years
$
10.00

Share price performance options
193,891

10.00

10 years
3.86

Service vesting shares
252,976


2.5 years
10.00

Share price performance shares
669,228


10 years
4.53

 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period

 
 
 
The fair value of the stock options, service vesting stock options, the share price performance options and the share price performance shares were estimated using a Binomial model. The options and/or shares will vest on the achievement of specified share prices of our ordinary shares. For accounting purposes this is considered to be a market condition and this was reflected in the grant date fair value of the award.
The key factors that will create value in these awards include the expected term, risk-free interest rate and volatility, which has been estimated using historical volatility of the peer companies’ in the S&P 500 Energy Index and two additional peer companies’ stock prices.
Expected term
 
5.75 years - 10 years

Risk-free interest rate
 
1.90% - 2.85%

Expected dividends
 
nil

Volatility
 
40
%

21.    Stock-based Compensation (continued):
(a)    2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2013 Incentive Plan”) (continued):
The fair value of the PB RSUs was estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The number of shares to be received will range from 0% to 200% of the PB RSUs granted based on the change in the Company's stock price relative to the change in the stock prices of the companies in the S&P Energy Index over the three year period from the date of grant. For accounting purposes this is considered to be a market condition and this was reflected in the grant date fair value of the award.
The key factors that will create value in these awards include the correlations between the price of our ordinary shares and the three year daily historical stock prices of the respective companies in the S&P 500 Energy Index, the risk-free interest rate and the expected volatility.
Correlation co-efficient
 
0.61

Risk-free interest rate
 
0.80
%
Expected dividends
 
nil

Expected life
 
3 years

Volatility
 
40
%

(b)    2011 Management Equity Plan (“2011 Plan”):
On December 30, 2011, 6922767 Holding (Cayman) Inc., our parent (“the Parent”), adopted an equity compensation plan that permitted it to grant time and performance options, performance options and/or restricted share units to certain eligible employees, directors or consultants of the Parent and its affiliates.
The time and performance options vest in four equal annual installments of 25% beginning one year from the date of grant. All of the unvested time and performance options will vest immediately in the event the Ordinary A shareholders receive distributions equal to their initial investment or on a change of control. The time and performance options cannot be exercised until the occurrence of either, (1) an initial public offering or subsequent public offering of our equity or (2) the merger, consolidation, sale of interests or sale of assets of us (collectively an “Exit Event”) which results in an exit value being equal to or in excess of the initial investment by the Ordinary A shareholders in the Parent.
The term of stock options issued under the 2011 Plan may not exceed the earlier of an Exit Event or ten years from the date of grant. Under the 2011 Plan, the time and performance options and the performance options are granted at an exercise price that is not to be less than 100% of the fair value of an Ordinary B share of 6922767 Holding (Cayman) Inc. on the date of grant.
The performance options vest and are exercisable in up to three equal tranches based on the satisfaction of specified performance conditions. The first third of the options will vest on the occurrence of an Exit Event which results in an exit value being equal to or in excess of the initial investment by the Ordinary A shareholders. The second third of the options will vest on the occurrence of an Exit Event which results in an exit value being equal to or in excess of two times the initial investment by the Ordinary A shareholders. The remaining options will vest on the occurrence of an Exit Event which results in an exit value being equal to or in excess of two and a half times the initial investment by the Ordinary A shareholders.
For accounting purposes, time and performance options and performance options are considered to have a market condition (based on the exit value) and a performance condition (based on an Exit Event). The effect of the market condition was reflected in the grant date fair value of the award.

21.    Stock-based Compensation (continued):
(b)    2011 Management Equity Plan (“2011 Plan”):
Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”) vest on the date of grant as they are fully paid up on the grant date. The eligible employee receives Ordinary B shares of the Parent equal to the number of RSUs in exchange for the RSUs on the earlier to occur of (1) the fifth anniversary of the date of grant and (2) the date of a change of control. The holders of RSUs are entitled to receive cash dividend equivalents based on the cash dividends paid on the Ordinary B shares during the period the RSUs are outstanding.
On January 16, 2014, certain employees exchanged 183,219 time and performance options and 390,473 performance options under the 2011 Plan for 46,403 service vesting options and 193,891 share price performance options under the 2013 Incentive Plan. On January 16, 2014, certain employees exchanged 725,905 time and performance options and 1,325,757 performance options under the 2011 Plan for 252,976 service vesting shares and 669,228 share price performance shares under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
The exchange of the time and performance options changed the exercise price from $26.06 to $0.0001 for service vesting stock options and to $nil for the shares which resulted in an incremental compensation cost of $2.0 million. The unrecognized compensation expense of $2.0 million will be recognized over 2 and a half years. The exchange of the performance options changed the exercise price from $26.06 to $10.00 for share price performance stock options and to $nil for the shares which resulted in an incremental cost of $0.5 million. The unrecognized compensation expense of $0.5 million will be recognized over ten years.

The following table summarizes the time and performance stock option activity under the 2011 Plan:
 
April 30, 2013
January 31, 2014
 
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, beginning of year
1,045,524

$
26.06

 
1,029,863

$
26.06

 
Granted
102,600

26.06

 


 
Forfeited
(118,261
)
26.06

 
(93,982
)
26.06

 
Exchanged options


 
(909,124
)
26.06

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, end of period
1,029,863

$
26.06

8.7 years
26,757

$
26.06

7.9 years
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period

 
 

 
 

21.    Stock-based Compensation (continued):
(b)    2011 Management Equity Plan (“2011 Plan”) (continued):
The following table summarizes the performance stock option activity under the 2011 Plan:        
 
April 30, 2013
January 31, 2014
 
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, beginning of year
1,860,943

$
26.06

 
1,911,605

$
26.06

 
Granted
225,472

26.06

 


 
Forfeited
(174,810
)
26.06

 
(195,375
)
26.06

 
Exchanged options


 
(1,716,230
)
26.06

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, end of period
1,911,605

$
26.06

8.7 years

$


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period

 
 

 
 
(1) Adjusted retrospectively for the capital stock restructuring (note 11)
The fair value of the time and performance options and performance options on the date of exchange was estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The key factors that created value in these awards at the exchange date include the year of an Exit Event, the probability that an Exit Event will occur in a particular year, the risk-free interest rate and the ultimate exit value of the Company, which was estimated using historical volatility of the peer companies’ in the S&P 500 Energy Index and two additional peer companies’ stock price.
Year of Exit Event
 
2014 - 2018

Probability of Exit Event
 
0% to 30%

Risk-free interest rate
 
1.23
%
Expected dividends
 
nil

Volatility
 
40
%

The weighted average fair value of the time and performance stock options on the date of the exchange is $0.26 per share. No compensation expense was recognized in relation to the time and performance options during the nine months ended January 31, 2013 as the performance criteria was not met and it was not probable that the criteria would be met in the future. $5.3 million of compensation expense has been recognized in relation to the time and performance options during the nine months ended January 31, 2014 as on the completion of the IPO the performance criteria related to the Exit Event was achieved. As of January 31, 2014, $2.1 million remains to be recognized for the unvested options over the remaining two of the four-year vesting period as the options would have vested under the terms of the original options.
The weighted average fair value of the performance options on the date of the exchange is $0.13 per share. No compensation expense was recognized in relation to the performance options during the nine months ended January 31, 2013 as the performance criteria was not met and it was not probable that the criteria would be met in the future. $13.9 million of compensation expense has been recognized in relation to the performance options during the nine months ended January 31, 2014 as on the completion of the IPO the performance criteria related to the Exit Event was achieved.


21.    Stock-based Compensation (continued):
(c)    Share Incentive Plan (“2008 Plan”):
On September 16, 2008 we introduced a Share Incentive Plan (“the 2008 Plan”) under which options and Special Share Awards can be granted to our eligible employees.
Under the 2008 Plan, options may be granted to employees to purchase Ordinary B shares of the Parent. Each option provides the right to purchase one Ordinary B share. Each option expires at the earlier of the tenth anniversary of the effective date of such options or the occurrence of a Exit Event as defined in the Plan.
On December 30, 2011, certain employees exchanged 94,609 unvested options and 47,304 of the options that vested on September 16, 2011 under the 2008 Plan for the same number of time and performance options under the 2011 Plan. The same employees exchanged 170,000 Special A shares for the same number of performance options under the 2011 Plan.
The exchange of the options changed the exercise price from $40.00 to $26.06, which resulted in an incremental cost of $0.4 million. $0.3 million of compensation expense has been recognized in relation to the incremental cost during the quarter ended January 31, 2014 as the performance criteria related to Exit Event was met. As of January 31, 2014, $0.4 million remained to be recognized for the unvested 2008 options. The unrecognized compensation expense of $0.4 million will be recognized over the remaining two of the four-year vesting period as the options would have vested under the terms of the original options.
The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2008 Plan:
 
April 30, 2013
January 31, 2014
 
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
Number of options (1)
Weighted average exercise price (1)
Weighted remaining contractual life
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, beginning of year
559,305

$
40.00

 
531,479

$
40.00

 
Granted


 


 
Forfeited
(27,826
)
40.00

 


 
Exchanged options


 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, end of period
531,479

$
40.00

5.4 years
531,479

$
40.00

4.6 years
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period
502,261

 
 
531,479

 
 
(1) Adjusted retrospectively for the capital stock restructuring (note 11)
There were no Special A shares granted during each of the nine months ended January 31, 2013 and 2014. There were 1,000 Special A shares and 70,000 Special A shares forfeited during the nine months ended January 31, 2013 and 2014. There were no Special A shares exchanged during the nine months ended January 31, 2013 and 2014. At January 31, 2013 and 2014, there were 393,000 and 323,000 Special A shares outstanding, respectively.
No compensation expense was recognized in relation to the Special A shares during the nine months ended January 31, 2013 as the two performance criteria were not met and it was not probable that the performance criteria would be met. $2.5 million of compensation expense has been recognized in relation to the Special A shares during the nine months ended January 31, 2014 as the performance criteria related to the Exit Event was met.
During the nine months ended January 31, 2013 and 2014, we recorded stock compensation expense of $0.3 million, and $23.1 million, respectively, in the statement of operations.
As at January 31, 2014, $27.1 million remains to be recognized for the stock options, RSUs and PB RSUs.