Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We compute our provision for income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the period. In each quarter, we update the estimated annual effective tax rate and make a year-to-date adjustment to the provision. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including our ability to accurately predict the proportion of our pretax income in multiple jurisdictions and certain book-tax differences.

The following table provides details of the provision for income taxes:

	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2023			2022
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	43,230		$	143,672
Provision for income taxes	27,786			30,014
Effective tax rate	64.3		%	20.9		%

We had a provision for income taxes of $27.8 million and $30.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year change in effective tax rate for the three months ended April 30, 2023 was due primarily to changes in the valuation allowance, tax shortfalls and windfalls on stock-based compensation, and the foreign-derived intangible income deduction. For the three months ended April 30, 2023, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate due primarily to the foreign-derived intangible income deduction and research credits, offset by tax shortfalls on stock-based compensation, the valuation allowance recorded on the deferred tax asset related to losses that are capital in nature and certain state attributes, and other compensation-related permanent differences. For the three months ended April 30, 2022, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate due primarily to tax shortfalls on stock-based compensation, research credits, and the foreign-derived intangible income deduction.

The realization of tax benefits of net deferred tax assets is dependent upon future levels of taxable income, of an appropriate character, in the periods the items are expected to be deductible or taxable. Based on the available objective evidence during the three months ended April 30, 2023, we continue to believe that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the U.K. net deferred tax assets may not be realized. Accordingly, we maintained a full valuation allowance against the tax benefits of these net deferred tax assets. Based on the available objective evidence during the three months ended April 30, 2023, we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits relating to U.S. losses that are capital in nature may not be realized prior to expiration. Accordingly, we have maintained a valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. Based on the available objective evidence during the three months ended April 30, 2023, we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of certain state net deferred tax assets may not be realized. Accordingly, we have maintained a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain the applicable valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal of, or decrease in, the valuation allowance.

During the three months ended April 30, 2023, there were no material changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits and we do not expect any significant changes in the next 12 months.

As required by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we started capitalizing research and development expenses incurred beginning in fiscal year 2023. These expenses are capitalized and amortized over five years for domestic research and fifteen years for international research. The mandatory capitalization requirement increases our cash tax liabilities but also decreases our effective tax rate due to increasing the foreign-derived intangible income deduction. The cash flow impact will decrease over time as capitalized research and development expenditures continue to amortize.

The Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in August 2022. The act included tax provisions for a 15% corporate book income minimum tax effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. We do not expect the Inflation Reduction Act to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.