Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Theravance Biopharma, Inc. (“Theravance Biopharma” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of medicines. The Company’s core purpose is to create medicines that make a difference^® in people's lives.

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 have been prepared in conformity with United States (“US”) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"), and the US Securities and Exchange (“SEC”) regulations for annual reporting.

On July 20, 2022, the Company completed a monetization of its ownership interests in a significant equity method investment which had a major effect on the Company’s financial results for the year ended December 31, 2022 (see “Note 9. Sale of Equity Interests in Theravance Respiratory Company, LLC”). In accordance with GAAP, the transaction was accounted for as a sale of a financial asset. For all periods presented, the results of the sale have been included as discontinued operations on these consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Theravance Biopharma and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, all of which are denominated in US dollars. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in a single segment, which is the discovery (research), development, and commercialization of human therapeutics. The Company’s business offerings have similar economics and other characteristics, including the nature of products and manufacturing processes, types of customers, distribution methods and regulatory environment. The Company is comprehensively managed as one business segment by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the management team. Revenue from collaborative arrangements, including royalty revenue, are attributed to regions based on the location of the collaboration partner. Revenue from profit sharing-type arrangements is attributed to the geographic market in which the products are sold. Capitalized property and equipment is predominantly located in the US.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less on the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at fair value.

Restricted Cash

The Company maintains restricted cash for certain lease agreements and letters of credit by which the Company has pledged cash and cash equivalents as collateral. The Company may also maintain restricted cash for debt servicing of its non-recourse notes. See “Note 5. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash” for more information.

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company invests in marketable securities, primarily commercial paper, corporate notes, government bonds and government agency bonds. The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale securities and reports them at fair value in cash and cash equivalents or marketable securities on the consolidated balance sheets with related unrealized gains and losses included as a component of shareholders’ equity (deficit). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which is included in interest and other income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations.

The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses and interest and dividends on securities are included in interest and other income (loss). In circumstances where the Company intends to sell, or is more likely than not required to sell, the security before it recovers its amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is recognized as a loss in the consolidated statements of operations, with a corresponding write-down of the security's amortized cost.

The Company accounts for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). Under ASC 326, the Company regularly reviews its investments for declines in estimated fair value below amortized cost. The factors considered in determining whether a credit loss exists include the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in unrealized loss positions, the severity and duration of the unrealized losses, whether the Company has the intent to sell the securities and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis. The did not recognize any credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The Company’s valuation techniques are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The Company classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs and little, if any, market activity for the assets.

Financial instruments include cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and formerly outstanding debt. The Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are carried at estimated fair value and remeasured on a recurring basis. The carrying value of accounts receivable, receivables from collaborative arrangements, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their estimated fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s formerly outstanding debt was classified as a level 2 financial instrument.

Receivables from Collaborative Arrangements

For the periods presented, the Company’s receivables from collaborative arrangements relate to amounts due arising from its collaboration (and licensing) agreements. When appropriate, the Company provides for an allowance for credit losses. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require

collateral. For the periods presented, the Company did not have any material write-offs of receivables from collaborative arrangements.

Concentration of Credit Risks

The Company invests in a variety of financial instruments and, based on its policy, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer, industry or geographic area for investments other than instruments backed by the US federal government.

The Company’s future contingent milestone and royalty assets and receivables primarily relate to amounts due under its collaboration and other agreements. Accordingly, the Company may be exposed to credit risk generally associated with pharmaceutical companies or specific to its collaboration agreements. The Company performs periodic evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company did not experience any material losses related to its receivables.

Property and Equipment

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and amortized using the straight-line method as follows:

Leasehold improvements	Shorter of remaining lease terms or useful life
Equipment, furniture and fixtures	5 - 7 years
Software and computer equipment	3 - 5 years

Leases

The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the arrangement. In evaluating whether a contract is indicative of a lease, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances to assess whether the arrangement has extended to the Company the right to both (i) obtain substantially all the economic benefits from use of an identified asset and (ii) direct the use of the identified asset. To the extent that the Company determines a contract represents a lease, the arrangement is classified as either an operating lease or a finance lease, with the classification affecting the presentation and pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not have any finance leases at either December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leasing arrangement. The Company records operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets through an operating lease asset and a corresponding short-term and long-term operating lease liability, as applicable. Lease liabilities are measured based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted at the implicit interest rate, when readily available or using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, if the implicit rate is not determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is considered the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company measures its operating lease assets based on the corresponding operating lease liabilities adjusted for (i) prepayments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) any initial direct costs incurred, and (iii) tenant incentives granted under the lease contract.

In calculating operating lease assets and liabilities, the Company may elect to combine lease and non-lease components based on the asset type. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend the lease only when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised, and the Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease assets are evaluated for possible impairment in accordance with the Company’s long-lived assets policy.

The Company does not recognize operating lease assets or liabilities for leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less at commencement date, and the lease expense related to these short-term lease arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Future Contingent Milestone and Royalty Assets

The fair value of consideration received in connection with TRC Transaction in July 2022 (see “Note 9. Sale of Equity Interests in Theravance Respiratory Company, LLC and Discontinued Operations”) included an estimated $194.2 million in future contingent milestone and royalties that was recorded as a contingent consideration asset (“Contingent Consideration”) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets on the TRC Transaction date. The Contingent Consideration was initially measured at fair value utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the present value of the risk-adjusted cash flows estimated to be received from the Contingent Consideration. The fair value model involved significant unobservable inputs derived using Company estimates. The Company’s estimates were based in part on external data and reflected its judgements and forecasts. The primary significant unobservable input was the estimate of forecasted TRELEGY net revenues which is considered a Level 3 fair value input. The Company periodically reassesses the carrying value of the Contingent Consideration when indicators of impairment are identified, and the Company will recognize an impairment loss if the carry value materially exceeds the reassessed fair value. The Company recognizes any increases in the carrying value of the Contingent Consideration only when such contingent gains are realized.

Future Royalty Payment Contingency

The Company treats contingent liabilities related to sale of future royalties (see “Note 10. Ampreloxetine Funding”) as debt financings, amortized under the effective interest rate method over the estimated life of the related expected royalty stream. The contingent liabilities related to sale of future royalties and the debt amortization are based on current estimates of future royalty payments, including the potential for any future funding milestones. The Company periodically reassesses the amount and timing of estimated royalty payments based on internal sales projections and external information from market data sources, which are considered Level 3 inputs. To the extent the Company’s estimates of future royalty payments are materially greater or less than previous estimates or the estimated timing of such payments is materially different than previous estimates, the Company will prospectively adjust the amortization of the contingent liability and effective interest rate.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, an entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company identifies the performance obligations in the contract by assessing whether the goods or services promised within each contract are distinct. The Company then recognizes revenue for the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Collaborative Arrangements under ASC 606

The Company enters into collaborative arrangements with partners that fall under the scope of ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). While these arrangements are in the scope of ASC 808, the Company may analogize to ASC 606 for some aspects of these arrangements. The Company analogizes to ASC 606 for certain activities within collaborative arrangements for the delivery of a good or service (i.e., a unit of account) that is part of its ongoing major or central operations. Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as “collaboration revenue” or “licensing revenue” whereas, revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 808 is recorded on a separate collaboration revenue line on the consolidated statements of operations.

The terms of the Company’s collaborative arrangements typically include one or more of the following: (i) up-front fees; (ii) milestone payments related to the achievement of development, regulatory, or commercial goals; (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products; (iv) reimbursements or cost-sharing of research and development expenses;

and (v) profit/loss sharing arising from co-promotion arrangements. Each of these payments results in collaboration revenues or an offset against research and development expense. Where a portion of non-refundable up-front fees or other payments received is allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as collaboration revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as, forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The Company evaluates each performance obligation to determine if they can be satisfied at a point in time or over time, and it measures the services delivered to the collaborative partner which are periodically reviewed based on the progress of the related program. The effect of any change made to an estimated input component and, therefore revenue or expense recognized, would be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration (e.g., milestone payments) must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price.

Up-front Fees: If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes collaboration revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing collaboration revenue from the allocated transaction price. For example, when the Company receives up-front fees for the performance of research and development services, or when research and development services are not considered to be distinct from a license, the Company recognizes collaboration revenue for those units of account over time using a measure of progress. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue or expense recognition as a change in estimate.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments (variable consideration), the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s or the collaborative partner’s control, such as non-operational developmental and regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of milestones that are within its or the collaborative partner’s control, such as operational developmental milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revisions to the Company’s estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Reimbursement, cost-sharing and profit-sharing payments: Under certain collaborative arrangements, the Company has been reimbursed for a portion of its research and development expenses or participates in the cost-sharing of such research and development expenses. Such reimbursements and cost-sharing arrangements have been reflected as a reduction of research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, as the Company does not consider performing research and development services for reimbursement to be a part of its ongoing major or central operations.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses are recorded in the period that services are rendered or goods are received. R&D expenses consist of salaries and benefits, laboratory supplies, and facility costs, as well as fees paid to third parties that conduct certain R&D activities on behalf of the Company, net of certain external R&D expenses reimbursed under the Company’s collaborative arrangements.

As part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate and accrue certain R&D expenses. This process involves the following:

• identifying services that have been performed on the Company’s behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost;

• estimating and accruing expenses in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of each balance sheet date based on facts and circumstances known to it at the time; and

• periodically confirming the accuracy of the Company’s estimates with selected service providers and making adjustments, if necessary.

Examples of estimated R&D expenses that the Company may accrue include:

• fees paid to clinical research organizations (“CROs”) in connection with preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical studies;

• fees paid to investigative sites in connection with clinical studies;

• fees paid to contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”) in connection with the production of product and clinical study materials; and

• professional service fees for consulting and related services.

The Company bases its expense accruals related to clinical studies on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and CROs that conduct and manage clinical studies on the Company’s behalf. The financial terms of these agreements vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors, such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical study milestones. The Company’s service providers typically invoice it monthly in arrears for services performed. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the Company does not identify costs that it has begun to incur or if it underestimates or overestimates the level of services performed or the costs of these services, the Company’s actual expenses could differ from its estimates.

To date, the Company has not experienced significant changes in its estimates of accrued R&D expenses after a reporting period. However, due to the nature of estimates, there is no assurance that the Company will not make changes to its estimates in the future as it becomes aware of additional information about the status or conduct of its clinical studies and other R&D activities. Such changes in estimates will be recognized as R&D expenses in the period that the change in estimate occurs.

Advertising Expenses

The Company expenses the costs of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses were $8.0 million, $9.3 million and $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Fair Value of Share-Based Compensation Awards

The Company issues share-based awards to employees and non-employees, generally in the form of share options and restricted share units (“RSUs”). Share-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for actual forfeitures as they occur. The Company expenses these share-based awards over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis, based on the grant date fair value of the awards.

The Company determines the fair value of RSUs using the closing market price of the Company's common shares on the day of grant. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted under its equity incentive plans and rights to acquire shares granted under its employee share purchase plan (“ESPP”). The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model requires the use of assumptions, including the expected term of the award and the expected share price volatility. The Company uses the “simplified” method as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, to estimate the expected option term and plans to transition to historical option exercise data in the near future. The expected share price volatility is based on the historical volatility.

The Company also issues performance share units that settle in the Company's shares. The fair value is determined on the date of the grant using the number of shares expected to be earned and the ending market value of the shares on grant date. The number of shares expected to vest is determined by assessing the probability that the performance criteria will be met and the associated targeted payout level that is forecasted will be achieved. For performance share units, the Company recognizes share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method when achievement of the performance criteria becomes probable.

Debt Instruments

Coupon interest on the Company’s formerly outstanding debt instruments was accrued using the effective interest rate method over the estimated period the debt will be repaid. Debt issuance costs were capitalized as deferred financing costs and presented as a reduction of the carrying value of the financial liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Debt issuance costs subsequently were amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the related debt based on the effective interest method. The Company considered whether there were any embedded features in its debt instruments that required bifurcation and separate accounting as derivative financial instruments pursuant to ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company’s formerly outstanding debt instruments did not include any features that require bifurcation and separate derivative accounting.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are anticipated to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits of $76.0 million and $75.0 million, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, may reduce the effective tax rate in the period of recognition. The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, which would impact the timing of the effective tax rate benefit should any of the Company’s uncertain positions be favorably settled in the future.

The Company assesses all material positions, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and whether the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate.

The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. The Company has taken certain positions where it believes that its position is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement and for which no reserve for uncertain tax positions has been recorded. If the Company does not ultimately realize the expected

benefit of these positions, it will record additional income tax expenses in future periods. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit might change as new information becomes available.

Any tax levied or credited by a governmental taxing authority that is not based on the Company’s income is outside the scope of accounting for income taxes. Therefore, the Company records such items as a component of its loss before income taxes.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, less ordinary shares subject to forfeiture. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, less ordinary shares subject to forfeiture, plus all additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding, assuming dilutive potential ordinary shares had been issued for other dilutive securities.

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(92,824)	$	(265,071)	$	(294,823)
Net income from discontinued operations		964,956		65,645		16,806
Net income (loss)		872,132		(199,426)		(278,017)
Denominator:
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding		73,591		69,518		62,808
Less: weighted-average ordinary shares subject to forfeiture		—		(57)		(463)
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding - basic and diluted		73,591		69,461		62,345
Net income (loss) per ordinary share:
Continuing operations - basic and diluted	$	(1.26)	$	(3.82)	$	(4.73)
Discontinued operations - basic and diluted	$	13.11	$	0.95	$	0.27
Net income (loss) - basic and diluted	$	11.85	$	(2.87)	$	(4.46)

Anti-dilutive Securities

In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, if a company incurred a loss related to its continuing operations, then potential ordinary shares are considered anti-dilutive for the periods in which the loss was recognized. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized losses from continuing operations. As a result, the following ordinary equivalent shares were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for both continuing operations and discontinuing operations:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2022	2021	2020
Share issuances under equity incentive plans and employee share purchase plans	5,487	7,469	6,553
Share issuances upon the conversion of convertible senior notes	—	6,676	6,676
Total	5,487	14,145	13,229

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and changes in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale investments.

Related Parties

See “Note 15. Capital Return Program” for information regarding the Company’s repurchase of all of its ordinary shares previously held by GSK Finance (No.3) plc (“GSK Finance”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of GSK, in September 2022.

Robert V. Gunderson, Jr. was a member of the Company’s board of directors until his resignation effective September 11, 2021. The Company has engaged Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, of which Mr. Gunderson is a partner, as its primary legal counsel. Fees incurred for services provided by Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, were $0.5 million for each year.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The Company has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not currently believe that any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.