UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended
or
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
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(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
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Trading Symbol(s) |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |
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Non-accelerated filer |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No
As of May 7, 2024,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page |
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5 |
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Item 1. |
5 |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (unaudited) |
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6 |
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7 |
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8 |
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |
10 |
Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
45 |
Item 3. |
60 |
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Item 4. |
60 |
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Item 1. |
61 |
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Item 1A. |
62 |
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Item 2. |
65 |
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Item 3. |
65 |
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Item 4. |
65 |
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Item 5. |
65 |
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Item 6. |
65 |
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69 |
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2
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act"), about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding general economic and market conditions, our future results of operations and financial condition, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including the impact of the Value Maximization Plan and Ecommerce Wind-Down, the ongoing activities of and potential growth of our UACC and CarStory businesses, and the impact, if any, of identified errors in our financial statements, and the impact, if any, of identified errors in our financial statements, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "continue," "could," "design," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potentially," "predict," "project," "should," "target," "will," "would," or the negative of these terms or other similar terms or expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.
The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including:
3
Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report or to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference or incorporate by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and have filed as exhibits to this report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance, and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
4
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VROOM, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
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As of |
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As of |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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ASSETS |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash (including restricted cash of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Finance receivables at fair value (including finance receivables of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Finance receivables held for sale, net (including finance receivables of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Interest receivable (including interest receivables of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Property and equipment, net |
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Intangible assets, net |
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Operating lease right-of-use assets |
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Other assets (including other assets of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Assets from discontinued operations |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
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Warehouse credit facilities of consolidated VIEs |
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$ |
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$ |
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Long-term debt (including securitization debt of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Operating lease liabilities |
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Other liabilities (including other liabilities of consolidated VIEs of $ |
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Liabilities from discontinued operations |
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Total liabilities |
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Stockholders’ equity: |
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Common stock, $ |
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Additional paid-in-capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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( |
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Total stockholders’ equity |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
VROOM, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Interest income |
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$ |
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$ |
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Interest expense: |
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Warehouse credit facility |
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Securitization debt |
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Total interest expense |
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Net interest income |
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Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
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Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
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Noninterest (loss) income: |
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Servicing income |
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Warranties and GAP income, net |
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( |
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CarStory revenue |
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Gain on debt extinguishment |
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— |
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Other income |
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Total noninterest (loss) income |
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( |
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Expenses: |
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Compensation and benefits |
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Professional fees |
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Software and IT costs |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Interest expense on corporate debt |
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Impairment charges |
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— |
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Other expenses |
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Total expenses |
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Loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes |
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( |
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( |
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Provision for income taxes from continuing operations |
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Net loss from continuing operations |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss from discontinued operations |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, continuing operations, basic and diluted |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, discontinued operations, basic and diluted |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Total net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
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See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
VROOM, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)
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Common Stock |
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Additional |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Capital |
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Deficit |
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Equity |
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Balance at December 31, 2022 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Stock-based compensation |
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— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Balance at March 31, 2023 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Common Stock |
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Additional |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Capital |
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Deficit |
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Equity |
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Balance at December 31, 2023 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Stock-based compensation |
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— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Balance at March 31, 2024 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
VROOM, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Operating activities |
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Net loss from continuing operations |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Impairment charges |
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— |
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Profit share receivable |
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— |
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Gain on debt extinguishment |
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— |
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( |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Amortization of debt issuance costs |
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Losses on finance receivables and securitization debt, net |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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Provision to record finance receivables held for sale at lower of cost or fair value |
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( |
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Amortization of unearned discounts on finance receivables at fair value |
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( |
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( |
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Other, net |
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( |
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( |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Finance receivables, held for sale |
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Originations of finance receivables held for sale |
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( |
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( |
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Principal payments received on finance receivables held for sale |
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Other |
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Interest receivable |
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( |
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Other assets |
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Other liabilities |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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( |
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Investing activities |
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Finance receivables at fair value |
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Originations of finance receivables at fair value |
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— |
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( |
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Principal payments received on finance receivables at fair value |
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Consolidation of VIEs |
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— |
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Principal payments received on beneficial interests |
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Purchase of property and equipment |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations |
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( |
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Net cash provided by investing activities |
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Financing activities |
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Proceeds from borrowings under secured financing agreements |
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— |
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Principal repayment under secured financing agreements |
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( |
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( |
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Principal repayments of financing of beneficial interests in securitizations |
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( |
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— |
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Proceeds from warehouse credit facilities |
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Repayments of warehouse credit facilities |
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( |
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( |
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Repurchases of convertible senior notes |
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— |
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( |
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Other financing activities |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations |
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Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Net cash used in financing activities |
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( |
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( |
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Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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(Continued on following page)
8
VROOM, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
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Cash paid for interest |
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$ |
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$ |
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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |
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Finance receivables from consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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Elimination of beneficial interest from the consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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Securitization debt from consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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Reclassification of finance receivables held for sale to finance receivables at fair value, net |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business and Organization
Vroom, Inc., through its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company”), is a leading automotive finance company that offers vehicle financing to consumers through third-party dealers and an artificial intelligence-powered analytics and digital services platform for automotive retail.
In January 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Vast Holdings, Inc. (d/b/a CarStory). On February 1, 2022 (the "Acquisition Date"), the Company completed the acquisition of Unitas Holdings Corp. (now known as Vroom Finance Corporation), including its wholly owned subsidiaries United PanAm Financial Corp. (now known as Vroom Automotive Financial Corporation) and United Auto Credit Corporation ("UACC").
The Company was incorporated in Delaware on January 31, 2012 under the name BCM Partners III, Corp. On June 25, 2013, the Company changed its name to Auto America, Inc. and on July 9, 2015, the Company changed its name to Vroom, Inc.
Value Maximization Plan
The Company was previously an end-to-end ecommerce platform to buy and sell used vehicles. On January 22, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors ("Board") had approved a Value Maximization Plan, pursuant to which the Company discontinued its ecommerce operations and wound down its used vehicle dealership business in order to preserve liquidity and enable the Company to maximize stakeholder value through its remaining businesses. The Company ceased transacting through vroom.com, completed transactions for customers who had previously contracted with the Company to purchase or sell a vehicle, halted purchases of additional vehicles, sold substantially all of its used vehicle inventory through wholesale channels, paid off its vehicle floorplan financing facility dated November 4, 2022 with Ally Bank and Ally Financial Inc. (the "2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility") and conducted a reduction-in-force commensurate with the reduced operations. As of March 29, 2024, the Company substantially completed the wind-down of its ecommerce operations and used vehicle dealership business (the "Ecommerce Wind-Down").
The Company owns and operates UACC, a leading automotive finance company that offers vehicle financing to its customers through third-party dealers under the UACC brand, and CarStory, an artificial intelligence-powered analytics and digital services platform for automotive retail. The UACC and CarStory businesses continue to serve their third-party customers, with their operations substantially unaffected by the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
The accounting requirements for reporting the Company's ecommerce operations and used vehicle dealership business as a discontinued operation were met as of March 29, 2024. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the results of the Company's ecommerce operations and used vehicle dealership business as a discontinued operation for the periods presented. Refer to Note 5 — Discontinued Operations for further detail. The Company is now organized into two reportable segments: UACC and CarStory. The UACC reportable segment represents UACC’s operations with its network of third-party dealership customers, including the purchase and servicing of vehicle retail installment sales contracts. Prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down, UACC also offered vehicle financing to Vroom’s customers through its ecommerce platform, the UACC reportable segment also includes the runoff of these previously originated contracts. The CarStory reportable segment represents sales of AI-powered analytics and digital services to automotive dealers, automotive financial services companies and others in the automotive industry. Refer to Note 15 — Segment Information for further detail.
10
Reverse Stock Split
On February 13, 2024, the Company effected a
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, included herein, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and in management’s opinion, include all adjustments, which consist of only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the current fiscal year or any other future periods. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation related to discontinued operations and new financial statement presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down and the reverse stock split.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, among others, those related to finance receivables, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, warranties and GAP (as defined below) income-related reserves, fair value measurements and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Comprehensive Loss
The Company did
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes UACC restricted cash. UACC collects and services finance receivables under the securitization transactions and warehouse credit facilities. These collections are restricted for use until properly remitted each month under the terms of the servicing agreement. UACC also maintains a reserve account for each
11
securitization and warehouse credit facility to provide additional collateral for the borrowings. Refer to Note 9 — Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs and Note 10 — Long Term Debt for further detail.
Finance Receivables
Finance receivables consist of retail installment sale contracts purchased or acquired by UACC from its existing network of third-party dealership customers at a discount as well as retail installment sale contracts UACC offered to Vroom’s customers through its ecommerce platform prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
The Company's finance receivables are generally secured by the vehicles being financed.
Finance receivables that the Company intends to sell and not hold to maturity are classified as held for sale. The Company intends to sell finance receivables through securitization transactions. Finance receivables classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Deferred acquisition costs and any discounts are deferred until the finance receivables are sold and are then recognized as part of the total gain or loss on sale. Refer to Note 3 – Revenue Recognition.
The Company records a valuation allowance to report finance receivables at the lower of cost or fair value. To determine the valuation allowance, finance receivables are evaluated collectively as they represent a large group of smaller-balance homogeneous loans. To the extent that actual experience differs from estimates, significant adjustments to the Company's valuation allowance may be needed. Fair value adjustments are recorded in "Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries" in the consolidated statements of operations. Principal balances and corresponding deferred acquisition costs and discounts of finance receivables are charged-off when the Company is unable to sell the finance receivable and the related vehicle has been repossessed and liquidated or the receivable has otherwise been deemed uncollectible. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the valuation allowance for finance receivables classified as held for sale was $
Finance receivables for which the fair value option was elected under ASC 825 are classified as finance receivables at fair value. The Company reassesses the estimate for fair value at each reporting period with any changes reflected as a fair value adjustment and recorded in "Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries" in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes the acquisition fees as other income at the time of issuance and recognizes the acquisition costs as an expense in the period incurred.
Finance receivables at fair value include both finance receivables held for sale at fair value as well as finance receivables held for investment at fair value. Finance receivables held for sale at fair value represent finance receivables that the Company intends to sell but elected the fair value option as described above. The aggregate principal balance and the fair value of the finance receivables held for sale at fair value was $
Refer to Note 14 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.
Consolidated CFEs
12
The Company elected the fair value option upon consolidation of the assets and liabilities of its variable interest entities ("VIEs") related to the 2022-2 and 2023-1 securitization transactions. Refer to Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations. These VIEs are consolidated collateralized financing entities (CFEs) and are accounted for using the measurement alternative in accordance with ASU 2014-13, Measuring the Financial Assets and Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (“ASU 2014-13").
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Interest income |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Interest expense |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Noninterest income, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
The assets and liabilities of the CFEs are presented as part of "Restricted cash", “Finance receivables at fair value”, "Interest receivable", "Other Assets", "Long term debt", and "Other liabilities", respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations and Note 14 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements for further details.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
The Company’s principal financial instruments subject to potential concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and finance receivables. The Company’s cash balances are maintained at various large, reputable financial institutions. Deposits held with financial institutions may at times exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, management believes they bear minimal risk. The Company’s cash equivalents primarily consist of money market funds that hold investments in highly liquid U.S. government securities. Concentration of credit risk with respect to finance receivables is generally mitigated by a large consumer base.
Liquidity
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $
In January 2024, the Company announced its Value Maximization Plan to discontinue its ecommerce operations and wind-down its used vehicle dealership business, refer to Note 1 — Description of Business and Basis of Presentation — Value Maximization Plan. As a result of the liquidation of the Company's vehicle inventory as part of the Ecommerce Wind-Down, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under the 2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility in the first quarter of 2024 and the agreement was terminated.
UACC has
13
Failure to satisfy these and or any other requirements contained within the agreements would restrict access to the Warehouse Credit Facilities and could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, results of operations and liquidity. Certain breaches of covenants may also result in acceleration of the repayment of borrowings prior to the scheduled maturity. Refer to Note 9 – Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs for further discussion.
The Company expects to use cash and cash equivalents to finance future capital requirements and UACC’s Warehouse Credit Facilities to fund finance receivables. Certain advance rates available to UACC on borrowings from the Warehouse Credit Facilities have decreased as a result of the increasing credit losses in UACC’s portfolio and overall rising interest rates. Any future decreases on available advance rates may have an adverse impact on our liquidity.
The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the ability to realize benefits of the Value Maximization Plan, available advance rates on the Warehouse Credit Facilities, our ability to complete additional securitization transactions at terms favorable to us, and our future credit losses.
The Company anticipates that existing cash and cash equivalents and UACC's Warehouse Credit Facilities will be sufficient to support the Company’s ongoing operations and obligations, inclusive of the Ecommerce Wind-Down, for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Adopted
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized in accordance with Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The Company
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and requires retrospective application to all periods presented upon adoption, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue is disaggregated within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and is generated from consumers throughout the United States.
Interest Income
The Company’s interest income is related to finance receivables originated by UACC for its network of third-party dealership customers and vehicle financing UACC offered to Vroom’s customers through its ecommerce platform prior to the Ecommerce Wind-down. Interest income also includes discount income on finance receivables held for investment at fair value, which represents the amortization of unearned acquisition discounts over the contractual life of the underlying
14
finance receivables using the interest method. Interest income on each automotive finance receivables is calculated based on the finance receivable’s outstanding principal balance multiplied by the contractual interest rate.
An account is considered delinquent if a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. Interest income deemed uncollectible is reversed at the time the finance receivable is charged off. Finance receivables over 90 days delinquent are considered nonaccrual finance receivables. Income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received until the borrower is able to make periodic interest and principal payments in accordance with the finance receivable terms.
Servicing Income
Servicing income represents the annual fees earned on the outstanding principal balance of the finance receivables serviced as well as late charges, collection payments, and other fees. Fees are earned monthly at an annual rate of approximately
Warranties and GAP income
Prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down, the Company offered third-party financing and third-party value-added products such as vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection (“GAP”) and tire and wheel coverage, to its used vehicle customers pursuant to arrangements with the third parties that sell and administered these products and are responsible for their fulfillment.
UACC also offers third-party vehicle service contracts and United Auto Credit GAP to consumers who obtain financing through UACC. United Auto Credit GAP is a debt waiver product that provides protection for consumers who purchase the product by waiving the difference between the actual cash value of the consumer’s vehicle and the balance of the consumer’s contract, subject to the terms and conditions of the United Auto Credit GAP, in the event of a total loss resulting from collision or theft. The total fees are earned over the contractual life of the related financial receivables on straight-line basis.
The Company concluded that it is an agent for any transactions with third-parties because it does not control the products before they are transferred to the consumer. The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis when the consumer enters into an arrangement for the products.
A portion of the fees earned on third-party financing and value-added products is subject to chargebacks in the event of early termination, default, or prepayment of the contracts by end-customers. The Company’s exposure for these events is limited to the fees that it receives. An estimated refund liability for chargebacks against the revenue recognized from sales of these products is recorded in the period in which the related revenue is recognized and is based primarily on the Company’s historical chargeback experience. The Company updates its estimates at each reporting date. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s reserve for chargebacks was $
The Company also is contractually entitled to receive profit-sharing revenues based on the performance of the vehicle service policies once a required claims period has passed. The Company recognizes profit-sharing revenues to the extent it is probable that it will not result in a significant revenue reversal. The Company estimates the revenue based on historical claims and cancellation data from its customers, as well as other qualitative assumptions. The Company reassesses the estimate at each reporting period with any changes reflected as an adjustment to warranties and GAP income in the period identified. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $
15
CarStory Revenue
CarStory generates advertiser, publisher and other user service revenue. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been performed, collection of the fees is reasonably assured, the fees are fixed or determinable, and no significant obligations by the Company remain. Generally, this results in revenues billed and recorded monthly in the month that services were performed and earned.
Deferred revenue includes advances received from customers in excess of revenue recognized.
The Company may collect sales taxes and other taxes and government fees from customers on behalf of governmental authorities at the time of sale as required. These taxes are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in revenues or cost of sales.
4. Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations
A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Assets recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company's general assets. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company's general assets, rather they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.
UACC has the power to direct significant activities of its VIEs when it has the ability to exercise discretion in the servicing of financial assets or control investment decisions. UACC generally retains a portion of the economic interests in UACC-sponsored asset-backed securitization transactions, which could be retained in the form of a portion of the senior interests, the subordinated interests, residual interests, or servicing rights.
UACC has developed a securitization program that involves selling finance receivables to securitization trusts through the private issuance of asset-backed securities which are collateralized by the finance receivables. UACC establishes and sponsors these transactions which create and pass along risks to the variable interest holders, specifically, consumer credit risk and pre-payment risk. In January 2023, UACC completed the 2023-1 securitization transaction.
The securitization trusts established in connection with asset-backed securitization transactions are VIEs. For each VIE that UACC establishes in its role as sponsor of securitization transactions, the Company performs an analysis to determine if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.
UACC has no obligation to repurchase or replace any securitized asset that subsequently becomes delinquent in payment or otherwise is in default, except when representations and warranties about the eligibility of the securitized assets are breached, or when certain changes are made to the underlying asset contracts. Securitization investors have no recourse to UACC or its other assets and have no right to require UACC to repurchase the investments. UACC has no obligation to provide liquidity or contribute cash or additional assets to the VIEs and does not guarantee any asset-backed securities.
In 2023, UACC completed the 2023-1 securitization transaction, in which it sold rated asset-backed non-investment grade securities, for proceeds of $
UACC is the primary beneficiary of the 2023-1 securitization trusts, as it has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive
16
benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. UACC also retained a portion of the economic interests in the 2023-1 asset-backed securitization transactions, in the form of residual interests in accordance with Regulation RR of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the "Risk Retention Rules"). The Risk Retention Rules require the Company to retain at least
In July 2022, UACC sold a pool of finance receivables in the 2022-2 securitization transaction. UACC retained the servicing rights to these finance receivables and receives an "at market" servicing fee. UACC retained an insignificant amount of the asset-backed securities issued in the securitization in order to comply with Risk Retention Rules. Originally, the Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the 2022-2 securitization trust because UACC retained interests in the VIE are insignificant. Therefore, the Company did not originally consolidate the 2022-2 trust. From January to March 2023, although not contractually required, UACC elected to waive its servicing fee on the 2022-2 securitization, due to higher-than-expected losses, which transferred more than an insignificant portion of the corresponding risk of loss from the VIE to the Company. Since UACC has the power to direct the significant activities of the VIE, as it is the servicer, and additionally it absorbs the risk of loss, the Company concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. In March 2023, the Company accounted for the transaction as secured borrowings and consolidated the 2022-2 securitization trust. The beneficial interest was then eliminated.
The VIE model allows for a measurement alternative when a reporting entity elects the fair value option and consolidates a collateralized financing entity (“CFE”). This measurement alternative eliminates the accounting mismatch that may arise from measurement differences between the CFE’s financial assets and third-party financial liabilities in earnings and attributes those earnings to the controlling equity interest in the consolidated income statement. The 2022-2 and 2023-1 securitization trusts consolidated by UACC meet the definition of a CFE, therefore, the Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative when consolidating these VIEs. Refer to Note 14 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements for further detail.
UACC has
17
Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary generally have recourse only to the assets and cash flows of the VIEs and do not have recourse to the Company.
|
|
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Securitization Vehicles |
|
|
Warehouse |
|
|
Total |
|
|||
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Restricted cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Finance receivables held for sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total Assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Securitization debt |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Warehouse credit facilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total Liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Securitization Vehicles |
|
|
Warehouse |
|
|
Total |
|
|||
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Restricted cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Finance receivables held for sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total Assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Securitization debt |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Warehouse credit facilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total Liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
1 Refer to Note 9 – Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs for further details of the warehouse facilities.
UACC establishes securitization trusts to purchase finance receivables. The securitization trusts issue asset-backed securities, which are collateralized by the finance receivables that UACC sells to the securitization trusts. Upon sale of the finance receivables to the securitization trusts, the Company recognizes a gain or loss on sales of finance receivables if it determines it qualifies for sale accounting treatment and it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE or accounts for these securitization transactions as secured financing when it is the primary beneficiary.
In February 2022, UACC sold a pool of finance receivables in the 2022-1 securitization transaction. UACC retained the servicing rights to these finance receivables and receives an "at market" servicing fee. UACC retained an insignificant amount of the asset-backed securities issued in the securitization in order to comply with Risk Retention Rules. The 2022-1 securitization trust is a VIE that the Company does not consolidate. As the servicer, UACC retained the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the entities, however, the Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the 2022-1 securitization trust because UACC retained interests in the VIE are insignificant. The beneficial interest retained by UACC included rated notes and unrated residual certificates issued by the 2022-1 securitization trust.
18
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the assets UACC retains in the unconsolidated VIEs were approximately $
The following table summarizes the amortized cost, the carrying amount, which is the fair value, and the maximum exposure to losses of UACC's assets related to unconsolidated VIEs (in thousands):
|
|
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Aggregate Principal Balance |
|
|
Carrying Value |
|
|
Total Exposure |
|
|
Aggregate Principal Balance |
|
|
Carrying Value |
|
|
Total Exposure |
|
||||||
Rated notes |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||||
Certificates |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Total unconsolidated VIEs |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||||
Total exposure represents the estimated loss UACC would incur under severe, hypothetical circumstances, such as if the value of the interests in the securitization trusts and any associated collateral declined to zero. The Company believes the possibility of this is remote. As such, the total exposure presented above is not an indication of the Company's expected losses.
5. Discontinued Operations
As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation, the Ecommerce Wind-Down was substantially completed as of March 29, 2024. The Company's ecommerce operations were previously a reportable segment and the exit represents a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. Therefore, in accordance with ASC 205, as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reported the ecommerce operations and used vehicle dealership business as discontinued operations and recast prior periods to reflect this presentation.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company incurred charges of approximately $
19
The following table summarizes the major income and expense line items from discontinued operations as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Retail vehicle, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Wholesale vehicle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Product, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cost of sales: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Retail vehicle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Wholesale vehicle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Gain on disposal of long lived assets |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest income |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Provision for income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
The following table summarizes the major classes of assets and liabilities from discontinued operations as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Inventory |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Assets from discontinued operations |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Accrued expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vehicle floorplan |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Operating lease liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Liabilities from discontinued operations |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
20
6. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Equipment |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Internal-use software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Property and equipment, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Depreciation and amortization expense was $
The Company recorded impairment charges for "Property and equipment, net" of $
7. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
March 31, 2024 |
|
|
December 31, 2023 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Gross Carrying Value |
|
|
Accumulated Amortization |
|
|
Carrying Value |
|
|
Gross Carrying Value |
|
|
Accumulated Amortization |
|
|
Carrying Value |
|
||||||
Developed and purchased technology |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
||||
Customer relationships |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||
Trademarks and trade names |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||
Total intangible assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
||||
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $
The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets subsequent to March 31, 2024, consists of the following (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31: |
|
|
|
|
For remainder of 2024 |
|
$ |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
|
2027 |
|
|
|
|
2028 |
|
|
|
|
Thereafter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
21
8. Other Liabilities
The Company’s other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Warranty and GAP liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Dealer related liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued compensation and benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued professional services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued software and IT costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Insurance payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total other liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
9. Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs
UACC has four senior secured warehouse facility agreements (the “Warehouse Credit Facilities”) with banking institutions as of March 31, 2024. The Warehouse Credit Facilities are collateralized by eligible finance receivables and available borrowings are computed based on a percentage of eligible finance receivables. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had excess borrowing capacity of $
|
|
Facility One |
|
|
Facility Two |
|
|
Facility Three |
|
|
Facility Four |
|
||||
Execution date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Maturity date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Aggregate borrowings limit |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Aggregate principal balance of finance receivables pledged as collateral |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Outstanding balance |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Restricted cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Aggregate principal balance of finance receivables pledged as collateral |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Outstanding balance |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Restricted cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
22
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's weighted average interest rate on the Warehouse Credit Facilities borrowings was approximately
The Company's ability to utilize its Warehouse Credit Facilities is primarily conditioned on the satisfaction of certain legal, operating, administrative and financial covenants contained within the agreements. These include covenants that require UACC to maintain a minimum tangible net worth, minimum liquidity levels, specified leverage ratios and certain indebtedness levels. Failure to satisfy these and or any other requirements contained within the agreements would restrict access to the Warehouse Credit Facilities. Certain breaches of covenants may also result in acceleration of the repayment of borrowings prior to the scheduled maturity. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Warehouse Credit Facilities.
10. Long Term Debt
Debt instruments, excluding warehouse credit facilities of consolidated VIEs, which are discussed in Note 9 — Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs, consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Convertible senior notes |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Financing of beneficial interest in securitizations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Junior subordinated debentures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total debt |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Convertible Senior Notes
On June 18, 2021, the Company issued $
Each $
23
The Company may settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.
The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to July 6, 2024. On or after July 6, 2024, the Company may redeem all or any portion of the Notes for cash equal to
If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders of the Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a repurchase price equal to
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased $
The Company accounts for the Notes as a single liability-classified instrument measured at amortized cost. As of March 31, 2024, the unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs was $
The Notes were issued at par value and fees associated with the issuance of these Notes are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the Notes. The interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $
Securitization Debt of Consolidated VIEs
The securitization debt was issued under UACC's securitization program. The Company elected to account for the securitization debt under the fair value option using the measurement alternative. Fair value adjustments are recorded in "Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 14 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements. For the 2022-2 and 2023-1 securitization transactions, the Company consolidated the VIEs and accounted for these transactions as secured borrowings. Refer to Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations for further discussion.
Upon the issuance of the securitization debt for the 2023-1 securitization transaction, UACC retained the residual interests. UACC also retains the servicing rights for all finance receivables that were securitized; therefore, it is responsible for the administration and collection of the amounts owed under the contracts. In the first quarter of 2023, UACC waived its servicing fees related to the 2022-2 securitization and subsequently consolidated the 2022-2 trust. The securitization agreements also require certain funds to be held in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for the borrowings or to be applied to make payments on the securitization debt. Restricted cash under the various agreements totaled approximately $
24
Wholly owned bankruptcy remote subsidiaries of UACC were formed to facilitate the above asset-backed financing transactions. Bankruptcy remote refers to a legal structure in which it is expected that the applicable entity would not be included in any bankruptcy filing by its parent or affiliates. All of the assets of these subsidiaries have been pledged as collateral for the related debt. None of the assets of these subsidiaries are available to pay other creditors of the Company or its affiliates.
The securitization debt issued is included in "Long-term debt" on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The securitization debt of consolidated VIEs consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Series |
|
Final Scheduled Payment Date |
|
Initial Principal |
|
|
Contractual Interest Rate |
|
Outstanding Principal |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-B |
|
|
$ |
|
|
% |
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-C |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-D |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-E |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-B |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-C |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-D |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-E |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total rated notes |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Series |
|
Final Scheduled Payment Date |
|
Initial Principal |
|
|
Contractual Interest Rate |
|
Outstanding Principal |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|||
United Auto Credit 2021-1-D |
|
|
$ |
|
|
% |
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2021-1-E |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2021-1-F |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-B |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-C |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-D |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2022-2-E |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-A |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-B |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-C |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-D |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1-E |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total rated notes |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
The final scheduled payment date represents legal maturity of the remaining balance sheet securitization debt. Securitization debt is expected to become due and to be paid prior to those dates, based on amortization of the finance receivables pledged to the Trusts. Expected payments, which will depend on the performance of such receivables, as to which there can be no assurance, are $
In February 2024, UACC exercised its option to repurchase the 2021-1 securitization debt for a total redemption price of $
25
The aggregate principal balance and the fair value of finance receivables pledged to the securitization debt consists of the following (in thousands):
|
|
As of March 31, |
|
|
As of December 31, |
|
||||||||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Aggregate Principal Balance |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Aggregate Principal Balance |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
||||
United Auto Credit 2021-1 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
United Auto Credit 2022-2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
United Auto Credit 2023-1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total finance receivables of CFEs |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Financing of Beneficial Interests in Securitizations
Junior Subordinated Debentures
On July 31, 2003, UACC issued junior subordinated debentures (trust preferred securities) of $
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business and an unfavorable resolution of any of these matters could materially affect the Company’s future results of operations, cash flows or financial position. The Company is also party to various disputes that the Company considers routine and incidental to its business. The Company does not expect the results of any of these routine actions to have a material effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
26
Beginning in March 2021, multiple putative class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain of the Company’s stockholders against the Company and certain of the Company’s officers alleging violations of federal securities laws. The lawsuits were captioned Zawatsky et al. v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-2477; Holbrook v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-2551; and Hudda v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-3296. All three of the lawsuits asserted similar claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5. In each case, the named plaintiff(s) sought to represent a proposed class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s securities during a period from June 9, 2020 to March 3, 2021 (in the case of Holbrook and Hudda), or November 11, 2020 to March 3, 2021 (in the case of Zawatsky). In August 2021, the Court consolidated the cases under the new name In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 21-cv-2477, appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel and ordered a consolidated amended complaint to be filed. The court-appointed lead plaintiff subsequently filed a consolidated amended complaint that reasserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5 against the Company and certain of the Company’s officers, and added new claims under Sections 11, 12 and 15 of the Securities Act against the Company, certain of its officers, certain of its directors, and the underwriters of the Company’s September 2020 secondary offering. The Company filed a motion to dismiss all claims, and briefing of this motion is complete. The Company believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously contest these claims. While the outcome of any complex legal proceeding is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, based upon information presently known to management, the Company believes that the potential liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
In August 2021, November 2021, January 2022, and February 2022, various Company stockholders filed purported shareholder derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain of the Company’s officers and directors, and nominally against the Company, alleging violations of the federal securities laws and breaches of fiduciary duty to the Company and/or related violations of Delaware law based on the same general course of conduct alleged in In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. All four lawsuits have been consolidated under the case caption In re Vroom, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Case No. 21-cv-6933, and the court has approved the parties’ stipulation that the cases would remain stayed pending final resolution of In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. All four derivative suits remain in preliminary stages and there have been no substantive developments in any matter.
In April 2022 and April 2024, two of the Company’s stockholders filed separate purported shareholder derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against certain of the Company’s officers and directors, and nominally against the Company, alleging violations of the federal securities law and breaches of fiduciary duty to the Company and/or related violations of Delaware law based on the same general course of conduct alleged in In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. The case filed in April 2022 is captioned Godlu v. Hennessy et al., Case No. 22-cv-569, the case filed in April 2024 is captioned Hudda v. Hennessy et al. Case No. 24-cv-4499., and the court in each has approved the parties’ stipulations that each case would remain stayed pending final resolution of In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. Both lawsuits remain in preliminary stages and there have been no substantive developments.
In January 2022, the Company received a non-public civil investigative demand from the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), seeking the production of information related to certain of the Company's business practices and the Company responded to those information requests. On February 23, 2024, the FTC notified the Company that it has reason to believe that the Company violated Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a); the FTC's Mail, Internet, or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 435; the FTC’s Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule,16 C.F.R. Part 455; and the FTC’s Pre-Sale Availability Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 702. On May 6, 2024, Vroom, Inc., and Vroom Automotive, LLC and the FTC reached an agreement to resolve the FTC’s allegations, subject to final approval by the FTC and the court. Under the agreement, the Company will pay a total of $
In April 2022, the Attorney General of Texas filed a petition on behalf of the State of Texas in the District Court of Travis County, Texas against the Company, alleging violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices − Consumer Protection Act, Texas Business and Commerce Code § 17.41 et seq., based on alleged deficiencies and other issues in the Company’s marketing of used vehicles and fulfilment of customer orders, including the titling and registration of sold vehicles. According to the petition, 80% of the customer complaints referenced in the petition were received in the 12 months prior to April 2022. The petition is captioned State of Texas v. Vroom Automotive LLC, and Vroom Inc., Case No. D-1-GN-001809. In May 2022, Vroom Automotive, LLC the Attorney General of the State of Texas agreed to a temporary
27
injunction in which Vroom Automotive, LLC agreed to adhere to its existing practice of possessing title for all vehicles it sells or advertises as available for sale on its ecommerce platform. In December 2023, Vroom, Inc., Vroom Automotive, LLC and the Attorney General of the State of Texas reached a final agreement to resolve all claims in the petition, without any admission of wrongdoing by either Vroom entity. Under the agreement, the Company will pay a total of $
In August 2022, a plaintiff filed a putative class action lawsuit in the New York State Supreme Court against Vroom, Inc., and Vroom Automotive LLC as defendants, alleging, among other things, deficiencies in Vroom’s titling and registration of sold vehicles: Emely Reyes Martinez, on behalf of all others similarly situated, v. Vroom Automotive, LLC and Vroom Inc., No. 652684/2022. The Company removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 22-cv-7631) and filed a motion to compel arbitration of all claims. In September 2023, Vroom’s motion to compel arbitration was granted, and the court action stayed pending the outcome of any arbitration proceeding over the plaintiff’s individual claims.
As previously disclosed, the Company has been subject to audits, requests for information, investigations and other inquiries from its regulators relating to increased customer complaints concerning the same or similar matters alleged in the State of Texas petition. These regulatory matters could continue to progress into legal proceedings as well as enforcement actions. The Company has incurred fines in certain states and could continue to incur fines, penalties, restitution, or alterations in the Company's business practices, which in turn, could lead to increased business expenses, additional limitations on the Company's business activities and further reputational damage, although to date such expenses have not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Nasdaq Notice
On December 21, 2023, the Company received written notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying it that, for the last
On February 13, 2024 after obtaining stockholder approval, the Company effected a
All shares of the Company’s common stock, stock-based instruments, and per-share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split has been effected prior to all periods presented.
Other Matters
The Company enters into agreements with third parties in the ordinary course of business that may contain indemnification provisions. In the event that an indemnification claim is asserted, the Company’s liability, if any, would be limited by the terms of the applicable agreement. Historically, the Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to indemnification provisions.
28
12. Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
On June 11, 2020, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to authorize the issuance of up to
Common Stock
On February 13, 2024, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to effect a
At-the-market Offering
13. Stock-based Compensation
On May 28, 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Incentive Award Plan (“the 2020 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of (i) up to
On May 20, 2022, the Company adopted the 2022 Inducement Award Plan (the “Inducement Award Plan”). Awards under the Inducement Award Plan may only be granted to a newly hired employee who has not previously been an employee or a member of the Board or an employee who is being rehired following a bona fide period of non-employment by the Company, in each case as a material inducement to the employee’s entering into employment. An aggregate of
RSUs
The Company recognized $
Certain of the Company’s RSU grants are subject to acceleration upon a change of control and termination within
29
14. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore cannot be determined with precision. U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted market prices in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The Company holds certain financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of UACC’s consolidated CFEs, beneficial interests in the 2022-1 securitization transaction, certain of UACC’s finance receivables that are ineligible to be sold, and certain other finance receivables. Under the fair value option allowable under ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” (“ASC 825”), the Company may elect to measure at fair value financial assets and liabilities that are not otherwise required to be carried at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are reported in earnings.
30
The following tables present the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
|
|
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
||||
Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Money market funds |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
CFE assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Finance receivables |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other assets |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total financial assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Financial Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
CFE liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total financial liabilities |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
||||
Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Money market funds |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
CFE assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Finance receivables |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other assets |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total financial assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Financial Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
CFE liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Total financial liabilities |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Valuation Methodologies of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments carried at fair value. These methodologies are applied to financial assets and liabilities across the fair value levels discussed above, and it is the observability of the inputs used that determines the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for the respective asset or liability.
Money Market Funds: Money market funds primarily consist of investments in highly liquid U.S. treasury securities, with original maturities of three months or less and are classified as Level 1. The Company determines the fair value of cash equivalents based on quoted prices in active markets.
Financial assets and liabilities of CFEs: The Company elected the fair value option for the assets and liabilities of its consolidated VIEs related to securitization transactions that were deemed to be CFEs.
In accordance with ASC 825, the Company has elected the fair value option, for the eligible financial assets and liabilities of the 2022-2 and 2023-1 consolidated CFEs in order to mitigate potential accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the financial assets and liabilities. To eliminate potential measurement differences, the Company elected the measurement alternative included in ASU 2014-13, allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and liabilities of a qualifying CFE using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or liabilities, whichever is more observable. Under the measurement alternative prescribed by ASU 2014-13, the Company recognizes changes in the
31
CFE’s net assets, including changes in fair value adjustments and net interest earned, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company is required to determine whether the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities of the eligible CFEs are more observable, but in either case, the methodology results in the fair value of the financial assets of the securitization trust being equal to the fair value of their liabilities. The Company determined that the fair value of the liabilities of the securitization CFEs are more observable, since market prices of their liabilities are based on non-binding quoted prices provided by broker dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The assets of the securitization CFEs are not readily marketable, and their fair value measurement requires information that may be limited in availability.
In determining the fair value of the securitization debt of consolidated CFEs, the broker dealers consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants. Broker dealers also incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security including ratings, coupon, collateral type and seasoning or age of the security. When the Company obtains prices from multiple broker dealers for the same security and has a consensus among them, it deems these fair values to be based on observable valuation inputs and classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where a third-party broker dealer quote is not available, an internal model is utilized using unobservable inputs or if the Company has multiple quotes that are not within determined range, it classified the securitization debt as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The financial assets of the consolidated CFEs are an aggregate value derived from the fair value of the CFEs liabilities. The Company determined that CFEs finance receivables in their entirety should be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Finance receivables at fair value: Finance receivables at fair value represent finance receivables for which the Company elected the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825. The Company estimates the fair value of these receivables using a discounted cash flow model and incorporates key inputs that include prepayment speed, default rate, recovery rate, as well as certain macroeconomics events the Company believes market participants would consider relevant.
Beneficial interests in securitization: Beneficial interests in securitization relate to the 2022-1 securitization completed in February 2022 and include rated notes as well as certificates. The beneficial interests in the 2022-2 securitization completed in July 2022 were eliminated upon consolidation of the VIE in March 2023. Refer to Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations. The Company elected the fair value option on its beneficial interests in securitization.
Beneficial interests may initially be classified as Level 2 if the transactions occur within close proximity to the end of each respective reporting period. Subsequently, similar to the securitization debt described above, fair value is determined by requesting a non-binding quote from broker dealers, or by utilizing market acceptable valuation models, such as discounted cash flows. Broker dealer quotes may be based on an income approach, which converts expected future cash flows to a single present value amount, with specific consideration of inputs relevant to particular security types. Such inputs may include ratings, collateral types, geographic concentrations, underlying loan vintages, delinquencies and defaults, loss severity assumptions, prepayments, and maturities. When the volume or level of market activity for a security is limited, certain inputs used to determine fair value may not be observable in the market. Broker dealer quotes may also be based on a market approach that considers recent transactions involving identical or similar securities. When the Company obtains prices from multiple broker dealers for the same security and has a consensus among them, it deems these fair values to be based on observable valuation inputs and classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where a third-party broker dealer quote is not available, the Company utilizes an internally developed model using unobservable inputs. If internally developed models are utilized or if the Company has multiple quotes that are not within a consensus range of each other, the Company deems these securities to be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
32
Changes in Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents a reconciliation of the financial assets, which were measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):
|
|
Finance Receivables of Consolidated CFEs |
|
|
Finance Receivables at Fair Value |
|
||
Fair value as of January 1, 2024 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Transfer within Level 3 categories |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Losses included in realized and unrealized losses |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Issuances, net of discount |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
Paydowns |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value as of March 31, 2024 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
|
|
Finance Receivables of Consolidated CFEs |
|
|
Finance Receivables at Fair Value |
|
||
Fair value as of January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Reclassification of finance receivables held for sale to finance receivables at fair value, net |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfer within Level 3 categories |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
Consolidation of VIEs |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Losses included in realized and unrealized losses |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Issuances, net of discount |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
Paydowns |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value as of March 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
The Company's transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are assumed to have occurred at the beginning of the reporting period on a quarterly basis, except for assets and liabilities acquired during the prior period as described below. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no transfer between levels of the fair value hierarchy. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $
Other Relevant Data for Financial Assets and Liabilities for which FVO Was Elected
The following table presents the gains or losses recorded in "Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the eligible financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Finance receivables of CFEs |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
Beneficial interests in securitizations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Financial Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Debt of securitized VIEs |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Total net loss included in unrealized losses, net of recoveries" |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
33
The following table presents other relevant data related to the finance receivables carried at fair value (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
Finance Receivables of CFEs at Fair Value |
|
|
Finance Receivables at Fair Value |
|
||
Aggregate unpaid principal balance included within finance receivables that are reported at fair value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Aggregate fair value of finance receivables that are reported at fair value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Unpaid principal balance of receivables within finance receivables that are reported at fair value and are on nonaccrual status (90 days or more past due) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Aggregate fair value of receivables carried at fair value that are on nonaccrual status (90 days or more past due) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Finance Receivables of CFEs at Fair Value |
|
|
Finance Receivables at Fair Value |
|
||
Aggregate unpaid principal balance included within finance receivables that are reported at fair value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Aggregate fair value of finance receivables that are reported at fair value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Unpaid principal balance of receivables within finance receivables that are reported at fair value and are on nonaccrual status (90 days or more past due) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Aggregate fair value of receivables carried at fair value that are on nonaccrual status (90 days or more past due) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
All finance receivables of CFEs are pledged to the CFEs trusts.
The following table presents other relevant data related to securitization debt of consolidated VIEs carried at fair value (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2024 |
|
Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs at Fair Value |
|
|
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of rated notes of securitized VIEs |
|
$ |
|
|
Aggregate fair value of rated notes of securitized VIEs |
|
$ |
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Securitization debt of consolidated VIEs at Fair Value |
|
|
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of rated notes of securitized VIEs |
|
$ |
|
|
Aggregate fair value of rated notes of securitized VIEs |
|
$ |
|
|
34
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The carrying amounts of restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Warehouse Credit Facilities was determined to approximate fair value due to its short-term duration and variable interest rate that approximates prevailing interest rates as of each reporting period.
Finance receivables held for sale, net: For finance receivables eligible to be sold in a securitization, the Company determines the fair value of these finance receivables utilizing sales prices based on estimated securitization transactions, adjusted for transformation costs, risk and a normal profit margin associated with securitization transactions. Such fair value measurement of finance receivables held for sale, net is considered Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value and fair value of the finance receivables held for sale, net were $
In addition, from time to time the Company may mark certain receivables, that are no longer eligible to be sold in a securitization, classified as held for sale to fair value on a non-recurring basis. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $
Convertible Senior Notes:
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Carrying value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Fair value |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Financing of beneficial interests in securitizations: The fair value of the financing of beneficial interests in securitizations, which are not carried at fair value on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, approximated their carrying value as of March 31, 2024 and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Junior Subordinated Debentures: The fair value of the junior subordinated debentures, which are not carried at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, approximated their carrying value as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
15. Segment Information
As a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company revised its reportable segments. The Company is now organized into
35
The Company determined its operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the Company’s operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The CODM reviews Adjusted EBITDA for each of the reportable segments. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss before interest expense on corporate debt, interest income on cash and cash equivalents, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, stock compensation expense, gain on debt extinguishment and long-lived asset impairment charges, incurred by the segment. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset information as these are managed on an enterprise-wide group basis. Accordingly, the Company does
The UACC reportable segment represents UACC’s operations with its network of third-party dealership customers, including the purchases and servicing of vehicle installment contracts. The segment also includes the runoff portfolio of retail installment sale contracts originated for Vroom or purchased from Vroom prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
The CarStory reportable segment represents sales of AI-powered analytics and digital services to automotive dealers, automotive financial services companies and others in the automotive industry.
Information about the Company’s reportable segments are as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
UACC |
|
CarStory |
|
Corporate |
|
Total |
|
|
UACC |
|
CarStory |
|
Corporate |
|
Total |
|
||||||||
Interest income |
$ |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Interest expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Warehouse credit facility |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||
Securitization debt |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||
Total interest expense |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||
Net interest income |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Noninterest (loss) income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Servicing income |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||
Warranties and GAP income, net |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
( |
) |
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
CarStory revenue |
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Professional fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Software and IT costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
||||||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Impairment charges |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
Other expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
|
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
|
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
||
36
The reconciliation between reportable segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net loss from continuing operations is as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Adjusted EBITDA by Segment |
|
|
|
|
|
||
UACC |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
CarStory |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Corporate |
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Total |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Provision for income taxes |
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Stock compensation expense |
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment charges |
|
( |
) |
|
|
- |
|
Net loss from continuing operations |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
16. Income Taxes
The Company computes income taxes using the liability method. This method requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities, measured by enacted rates, attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in those specific jurisdictions prior to the dates on which such net operating losses expire. The Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets because the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that these assets will not be fully realized based on a current evaluation of expected future taxable income and the Company being in a cumulative 3-year loss position.
The Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was (
The Company is subject to tax in the United States and many state and local jurisdictions. The Company, with certain exceptions, is no longer subject to income tax examinations by U.S. federal, state and local for tax years 2017 and prior. The company is not currently under audit for any US federal or state income tax audits.
The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 382 provides for a limitation of the annual use of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards following certain ownership changes (as defined by the IRC Section 382) that limits the Company’s ability to utilize these carryforwards. The Company completed a Section 382 study to determine the applicable limitation, if any. It was determined that the Company has undergone four ownership changes the most recent of which was April 2021. These changes will substantially limit the use of the net operating losses generated before the change in control.
The Company has
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA") was signed into law. The IRA includes implementation of a new alternative minimum tax, an excise tax on stock buybacks, and significant tax incentives for energy and climate initiatives, among other provisions. The Company evaluated the provisions included under the IRA and the provisions do not have a material impact to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
37
17. Net Loss Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Net loss from continuing operations |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, continuing operations, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, discontinued operations, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Total net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding for the periods presented as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:
|
|
As of March 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Convertible senior notes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Restricted stock units |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
18. Revised Consolidated Financial Statements Information
In March 2024, in connection with the Ecommerce Wind-Down, the Company identified errors related to an overstatement of credit balances in other current liabilities and accounts payable as of and prior to December 31, 2023. The Company incorrectly recorded approximately $
The following table (in thousands) sets forth the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which have been retrospectively adjusted for the impact of the immaterial errors identified as well as new financial statement presentation and discontinued operations presentation related to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
38
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
As Reported |
|
|
Adjustments |
|
|
Discontinued Operations |
|
|
Presentation Reclasses (1) |
|
|
As Recasted and Revised |
|
|||||
Total revenue |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Total cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Total gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Interest income |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Other loss, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net loss from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, continuing operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, discontinued operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
(1) Reflects revised presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
As Reported |
|
|
Adjustments |
|
|
Discontinued Operations |
|
|
Presentation Reclasses (1) |
|
|
As Recasted and Revised |
|
|||||
Total revenue |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Total cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Total gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Impairment charges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Interest income |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Other loss (income), net |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net loss from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, continuing operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, discontinued operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
(1) Reflects revised presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
40
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2022 |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
As Reported |
|
|
Adjustments |
|
|
Discontinued Operations |
|
|
Presentation Reclasses (1) |
|
|
As Recasted and Revised |
|
|||||
Total revenue |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Total cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Total gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Impairment charges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Interest income |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Other loss (income), net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Realized (gain) on sale of finance receivables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net interest income after gains, losses and recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
(Loss) income before provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|||
Net income from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, continuing operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, discontinued operations, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
||||
Total net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
(1) Reflects revised presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
The impacts to our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
41
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
As Reported |
|
|
Adjustments |
|
|
Discontinued Operations |
|
|
Presentation Reclasses (1) |
|
|
As Recasted and Revised |
|
|||||
ASSETS |
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|
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|
|||||
Current Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|||||
Restricted cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|||
Finance receivables held for sale, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Inventory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Beneficial interests in securitizations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Total current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Interest Receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other assets (including other assets of consolidated VIEs of $ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Assets from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Current Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Accrued expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Vehicle floorplan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Warehouse credit facilities of consolidated VIEs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Deferred revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|||
Operating lease liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||
Other current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||
Long-term debt, net of current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Liabilities from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Common stock, $ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|||
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
(1) Reflects revised presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
42
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
As Reported |
|
|
|
Adjustments |
|
|
|
Discontinued Operations |
|
|
|
Presentation Reclasses (1) |
|
|
As Recasted and Revised |
|
||||||||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Current Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||||||||
Restricted cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||||||
Finance receivables held for sale, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Inventory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||||||
Beneficial interests in securitizations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||||
Total current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||||
Finance receivables at fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Interest receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Assets from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|||||
Accrued expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|||||
Vehicle floorplan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||||||
Warehouse credit facilities of consolidated VIEs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
— |
|
||||||
Deferred revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|||||
Other current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||||
Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||||
Long-term debt, net of current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Liabilities from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Common stock, $ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
||||||
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
$ |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
(1) Reflects revised presentation as a result of the Ecommerce Wind-Down. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
There is no impact to our Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 other than the impact to accumulated deficit as a result of the changes in Net loss as presented above and as a result of impacts for periods prior to 2023 to opening accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022.
There is no impact to net cash used in (provided by) operating activities; investing activities or financing activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
43
19. Subsequent Event
In April 2024, UACC sold approximately $
The Company also pledged $
44
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Reported amounts reflect the revisions discussed in Note 18 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As discussed in the section titled "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and in the section titled "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”), as updated by reference into the section titled "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.
Recent Events
Value Maximization Plan
On January 22, 2024, we announced that our Board had approved the Value Maximization Plan, pursuant to which we discontinued our ecommerce operations and wound down our used vehicle dealership business in order to preserve liquidity and enable us to maximize stakeholder value through our remaining businesses. We have ceased transacting through vroom.com, completed transactions for customers who had previously contracted with us to purchase or sell a vehicle, halted purchases of additional vehicles, sold substantially all of our used vehicle inventory through wholesale channels and paid off our 2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility. We continue to take other actions to maximize the value by seeking to monetize our legacy ecommerce platform, reduce our outstanding commitments and preserve our liquidity, and have been executing a reduction-in-force commensurate with our reduced operations. On March 29, 2024, we substantially completed the wind-down of our ecommerce operations and used vehicle dealership business, however, we may incur additional wind-down costs through the end of 2024 (the "Ecommerce Wind-Down").
We also own and operate UACC, a leading automotive finance company that offers vehicle financing to its customers through third-party dealers under the UACC brand, and CarStory, an artificial intelligence-powered analytics and digital services platform for automotive retail. The UACC and CarStory businesses continue to serve their third-party customers, with their operations substantially unaffected by the Ecommerce Wind-Down. We will seek to grow and enhance the profitability of the UACC and CarStory businesses going forward.
As a result of the Value Maximization Plan, we estimate that we will incur total cash charges during 2024 of approximately $16.4 million for severance and other personnel-related costs, with $14.7 million incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and approximately $14.3 million in contract and lease termination costs, with $11.9 million settled during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As part of a planned reduction-in-force under the Value Maximization Plan, approximately 800 employees were impacted by the wind-down, resulting in a reduction of approximately 93% of the employees not engaged in UACC’s or CarStory’s ongoing operations.
Repayment of 2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility
As a result of the liquidation of our vehicle inventory as part of the "Ecommerce Wind-Down", we repaid the remaining outstanding balance under the 2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility in full and the agreement has been terminated.
Nasdaq Notice and Reverse Stock Split
On December 21, 2023, we received written notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Global Select Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement").
On February 13, 2024, after obtaining stockholder approval, we effected a 1-for-80 reverse stock split (the "Reverse Stock Split"), and our stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on February 14, 2024. On February 29, 2024, we were notified by the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications staff that the closing bid price of our common stock had been at $1.00 per share or greater for 11 consecutive business days, from February 14, 2024 to February 28, 2024.
45
Accordingly, the Company has regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) and this matter is now closed. If our common stock again closes below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price required by Nasdaq for 30 consecutive business days, we would again receive another notice of non-compliance with Nasdaq's listing standards and face the risk of delisting.
All shares of the Company’s common stock, stock-based instruments, and per-share data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split had been effected prior to all periods presented.
2024-1 Securitization Transaction
In April 2024, UACC sold approximately $262.5 million of rated asset-backed securities in an auto loan securitization transaction from a securitization trust, established and sponsored by UACC for proceeds of $261.3 million. The trust is collateralized by finance receivables with an aggregate principal balance of $380.1 million. These finance receivables are serviced by UACC. As a result of market conditions, which led to unfavorable pricing, UACC retained the Class E non-investment grade securities and residual interests, which will require us to account for the 2024-1 securitization as secured borrowings and remain on balance sheet pending the sale of such retained interests. In May 2024, UACC sold approximately $37.5 million of Class E non-investment grade securities that were initially retained for proceeds of $35.9 million. UACC continues to retain the residual interest and 5% or $15.8 million of the rated notes.
Overview
Vroom owns United Auto Credit Corporation, a leading automotive finance company that offers vehicle financing to consumers through third-party dealers under the UACC brand, and the CarStory business, a leader in AI-powered analytics and digital services for automotive retail.
UACC
UACC, which Vroom acquired in February 2022, is an indirect lender that offers vehicle financing to consumers through third-party dealers under the UACC brand, focusing primarily on the non-prime market. Prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down, UACC also offered vehicle financing to Vroom’s customers through its ecommerce platform.
UACC, which has been engaged in automotive finance since 1996, currently offers financing services to a nationwide network of thousands of independent motor vehicle dealers and manufacturer-franchised dealers in 49 states, and we seek to expand that network over time. UACC enables these dealers to finance their customers' purchases of new and used automobiles, medium and light duty trucks and vans with competitive financing terms. The credit programs offered by UACC are primarily designed to serve consumers who have limited access to traditional motor vehicle financing.
In addition to its financing expertise, the UACC platform brings with it extensive application processing, underwriting, and servicing capabilities. UACC services the retail installment sales contracts it originates or purchases and will continue to service the contracts it originated or purchased for customers of Vroom’s former ecommerce business. Because UACC focuses primarily on the non-prime market, it generally sustains a higher level of delinquencies and credit losses than that experienced by traditional motor vehicle financing sources. As of March 31, 2024, UACC serviced a portfolio of approximately 82,000 retail installment sales contracts with an aggregate principal outstanding balance of $1.1 billion.
CarStory
CarStory is a leader in AI-powered analytics and digital services for automotive retail. CarStory offers its digital retailing services to dealers, automotive financial services companies and others in the automotive industry, which use CarStory’s solutions to enhance their customer experience and drive increased vehicle purchases.
CarStory drives automotive retail innovation by aggregating, optimizing and distributing data from thousands of automotive sources. CarStory tracks over three and a half million unique vehicle identification numbers ("VINs") listed for sale every day. This data is aggregated with demand insights from millions of consumer sessions and VIN data from CarStory's proprietary VIN database to generate accurate price and sales predictions. CarStory helps dealers optimize
46
their pricing by leveraging data science models for retail pricing that provide predictive pricing for marketing, buying, selling and VIN-level features.
In addition to its data analytics and digital services, CarStory powers white labeled storefronts for automotive marketplaces and finance companies. In developing its white label capabilities, CarStory also has developed a variety of consumer-focused functions designed to enhance the customer experience and drive conversion. CarStory's data and data science assets create significant opportunity for automotive AI product development, with over 200 million VINs, over three billion photos and price and price elasticity models.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance: EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have reconciled all non-GAAP financial measures with the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental performance measures that our management uses to assess our operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA facilitate internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use these measures for business planning purposes.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
We calculate EBITDA as net loss before interest expense on corporate debt, interest income on cash and cash equivalents, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization expense.
We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted to exclude stock compensation expense, gain on debt extinguishment and long-lived asset impairment charges.
The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure:
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||
Net loss from continuing operations |
|
$ |
(44,676 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,469 |
) |
Adjusted to exclude the following: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
|
|
1,391 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(1,005 |
) |
|
|
(2,425 |
) |
Provision for income taxes |
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
7,626 |
|
|
|
7,232 |
|
EBITDA |
|
$ |
(36,228 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,268 |
) |
Stock compensation expense |
|
|
1,324 |
|
|
|
1,679 |
|
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,709 |
) |
Impairment charges |
|
|
2,752 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Adjusted EBITDA |
|
$ |
(32,152 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,298 |
) |
47
Key Factors and Trends Affecting our Operating Results
Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of factors and trends, including the following:
Ability to manage credit losses and enhance profitability at UACC
While credit losses are inherent in the automotive finance receivables business, several variables have affected UACC’s recent loss and delinquency rates, including rising interest rates, the current inflationary environment and vehicle depreciation. UACC is currently experiencing higher loss severity and higher losses on its finance receivables, which has negatively impacted the fair value of our finance receivables and the losses recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and are expected to continue to negatively impact our business for the remainder of 2024. UACC primarily operates in the non-prime sector of the market which tends to have more volatility. In 2020 and 2021, COVID related stimulus and used vehicle appreciation resulted in significantly lower delinquencies and subsequent losses. In late 2022 and 2023, delinquencies and loss rates rose as a result of the aforementioned factors and, in response, we implemented changes to our credit program, such as tightening credit, which is starting to return our delinquencies and expected portfolio performance on those vintages to normalized levels. Certain advance rates available to UACC on borrowings from the Warehouse Credit Facilities have decreased as a result of the increasing credit losses in UACC's portfolio and overall rising interest rates. Any future decreases on available advance rates may have an adverse impact on our liquidity.
Ability to continue to access capital
UACC has four senior secured warehouse credit facilities, which are primarily used to finance the origination of finance receivables as well as to provide funding for general operating activities. UACC has also developed a securitization program that involves selling finance receivables to securitization trusts through the private issuance of asset-backed securities which are collateralized by the finance receivables.
The success of UACC's business is highly dependent on the ability to continue to access capital through both its warehousing arrangements and securitization program. As a result of high interest rates, the current inflationary environment and vehicle depreciation in the used automotive industry, UACC is experiencing higher loss severity. Certain advance rates available to UACC on borrowings from the Warehouse Credit Facilities have decreased as a result of the increasing credit losses in UACC's portfolio and overall rising interest rates. Any future decreases on available advance rates may have an adverse impact on our liquidity.
In addition, due to UACC's increased credit losses, UACC may not be able to securitize its loan portfolio on favorable terms, or may not be able to sell the subordinate notes or residual certificates issued in its securitizations at a favorable price or at all. As a result of market conditions at the time, which led to unfavorable pricing, UACC retained the residual interests for the 2023-1 securitization transaction.
In addition, due to the increased loss severity, UACC elected to waive monthly servicing fees related to the 2022-2 securitization transaction in the first quarter of 2023. The waiver of monthly servicing fees related to the 2022-2 securitization transaction resulted in consolidation of the related finance receivables and securitization debt on our financial statements. Waiver of monthly servicing fees also resulted in reduced servicing income.
Ability to expand our dealer network to increase vehicle finance offerings and expand the size of our serviced loan portfolio
We intend to moderately grow our automotive financing business while focusing on enhancing profitability. UACC will continue to provide financing services to its existing dealer network and will seek to expand its network over time. UACC provides funding that allows independent motor vehicle dealers and manufacturer-franchised dealers to finance new and used vehicles. Currently, UACC serves a nationwide network of thousands of dealers in 49 states. UACC's credit programs are primarily designed to serve consumers in the non-prime market, who have limited access to traditional vehicle financing, although UACC intends to expand its offerings across a broader range of the credit spectrum going forward.
48
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, UACC originated $128.7 million in finance receivables and maintained its serviced loan portfolio at $1.1 billion. As of March 31, 2024, retail installment sale contracts originated from Vroom customers or purchased from Vroom represented approximately 28% of UACC's total serviced loan portfolio. If UACC is unable to replace the volume of retail installment sale contracts it previously received from the Vroom ecommerce business, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Seasonality
Used vehicle sales have historically been seasonal. The used vehicle industry typically experiences an increase in sales early in the calendar year and reaches its highest point late in the first quarter and early in the second quarter. Vehicle sales then level off through the rest of the year, with the lowest level of sales in the fourth quarter. This seasonality has historically corresponded with the timing of income tax refunds, which are an important source of funding for vehicle purchases. Consistent with market trends, UACC generally experiences increased funding activity during the first quarter through tax season. Delinquencies also tend to be lower during the first quarter through tax season and higher during the latter half of the year. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations—We may experience seasonal and other fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations, which may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business” in our Annual Report.
Macroeconomic Factors
Both the United States and global economies are experiencing a sustained inflationary environment and the Federal Reserve’s efforts to tame inflation have led to increased interest rates, which affects automotive finance rates and our borrowing rates, reducing discretionary spending and making vehicle financing more costly and less accessible to many consumers. In December 2023, the Federal Reserve announced that it expects to cut interest rates in 2024; however, based on the April 2024 meeting, they announced they are holding the rates steady until inflation retreats. It is too soon to know when and to what degree rates may be cut and the impact it may have on the economy. Moreover, geopolitical conflicts and war, including those in Europe and the Middle East, have increased global economic and political uncertainty, which has caused dramatic fluctuations in global financial markets. A significant escalation or expansion of economic disruption could continue to impact consumer spending, broaden inflationary costs, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We will continue to actively monitor and develop responses to these disruptions, but depending on duration and severity, these trends could continue to negatively impact our business in 2024.
49
Results of Operations
The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated:
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
Interest income |
|
$ |
51,077 |
|
|
$ |
34,368 |
|
|
$ |
16,709 |
|
|
|
48.6 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Interest expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Warehouse credit facility |
|
|
9,471 |
|
|
|
3,099 |
|
|
|
6,372 |
|
|
|
205.6 |
% |
Securitization debt |
|
|
4,869 |
|
|
|
4,345 |
|
|
|
524 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
% |
Total interest expense |
|
|
14,340 |
|
|
|
7,444 |
|
|
|
6,897 |
|
|
|
92.6 |
% |
Net interest income |
|
|
36,737 |
|
|
|
26,924 |
|
|
|
9,812 |
|
|
|
36.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
|
30,819 |
|
|
|
15,728 |
|
|
|
15,091 |
|
|
|
95.9 |
% |
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
|
5,918 |
|
|
|
11,196 |
|
|
|
(5,279 |
) |
|
|
(47.1 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Noninterest (loss) income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Servicing income |
|
|
2,019 |
|
|
|
2,854 |
|
|
|
(835 |
) |
|
|
(29.3 |
)% |
Warranties and GAP income, net |
|
|
(9,642 |
) |
|
|
2,835 |
|
|
|
(12,477 |
) |
|
|
(440.1 |
)% |
CarStory revenue |
|
|
2,979 |
|
|
|
3,170 |
|
|
|
(191 |
) |
|
|
(6.0 |
)% |
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
8,709 |
|
|
|
(8,709 |
) |
|
|
(100.0 |
)% |
Other income |
|
|
2,784 |
|
|
|
3,032 |
|
|
|
(248 |
) |
|
|
(8.2 |
)% |
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
|
(1,860 |
) |
|
|
20,600 |
|
|
|
(22,460 |
) |
|
|
(109.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Compensation and benefits |
|
|
24,110 |
|
|
|
23,221 |
|
|
|
889 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
% |
Professional fees |
|
|
3,343 |
|
|
|
4,973 |
|
|
|
(1,630 |
) |
|
|
(32.8 |
)% |
Software and IT costs |
|
|
4,622 |
|
|
|
5,246 |
|
|
|
(624 |
) |
|
|
(11.9 |
)% |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
7,626 |
|
|
|
7,232 |
|
|
|
394 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
% |
Interest expense on corporate debt |
|
|
1,391 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
% |
Impairment charges |
|
|
2,752 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,752 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Other expenses |
|
|
4,454 |
|
|
|
5,199 |
|
|
|
(745 |
) |
|
|
(14.3 |
)% |
Total expenses |
|
|
48,298 |
|
|
|
47,211 |
|
|
|
1,087 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes |
|
|
(44,240 |
) |
|
|
(15,415 |
) |
|
|
(28,825 |
) |
|
|
187.0 |
% |
Provision for income taxes from continuing operations |
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
707.4 |
% |
Net loss from continuing operations |
|
$ |
(44,676 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,469 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,207 |
) |
|
|
188.8 |
% |
Net loss from discontinued operations |
|
$ |
(22,941 |
) |
|
$ |
(59,272 |
) |
|
$ |
36,331 |
|
|
|
61.3 |
% |
Net loss |
|
$ |
(67,617 |
) |
|
$ |
(74,741 |
) |
|
$ |
7,124 |
|
|
|
9.5 |
% |
Segments
The Company retrospectively restated segment results for the comparative period to conform to the new presentation.
50
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
UACC
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
|
(in thousands, except unit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Interest income |
$ |
51,541 |
|
|
$ |
35,299 |
|
|
$ |
16,242 |
|
|
|
46.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Interest expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Warehouse credit facility |
|
9,471 |
|
|
|
3,099 |
|
|
|
6,372 |
|
|
|
205.6 |
% |
Securitization debt |
|
4,869 |
|
|
|
4,345 |
|
|
|
524 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
% |
Total interest expense |
|
14,340 |
|
|
|
7,444 |
|
|
|
6,896 |
|
|
|
92.6 |
% |
Net interest income |
|
37,201 |
|
|
|
27,855 |
|
|
|
9,346 |
|
|
|
33.6 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
27,761 |
|
|
|
12,272 |
|
|
|
15,489 |
|
|
|
126.2 |
% |
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
9,439 |
|
|
|
15,582 |
|
|
|
(6,143 |
) |
|
|
(39.4 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Noninterest income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Servicing income |
|
2,019 |
|
|
|
2,854 |
|
|
|
(835 |
) |
|
|
(29.3 |
)% |
Warranties and GAP income, net |
|
1,610 |
|
|
|
2,203 |
|
|
|
(593 |
) |
|
|
(26.9 |
)% |
Other income |
|
2,470 |
|
|
|
1,054 |
|
|
|
1,416 |
|
|
|
134.3 |
% |
Total noninterest income |
|
6,099 |
|
|
|
6,111 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(0.2 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Compensation and benefits |
|
18,788 |
|
|
|
18,537 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
% |
Professional fees |
|
876 |
|
|
|
2,541 |
|
|
|
(1,664 |
) |
|
|
(65.5 |
)% |
Software and IT costs |
|
3,097 |
|
|
|
2,705 |
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
14.5 |
% |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
6,021 |
|
|
|
5,627 |
|
|
|
394 |
|
|
|
7.0 |
% |
Interest expense on corporate debt |
|
471 |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
139.1 |
% |
Impairment charges |
|
2,752 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,752 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Other expenses |
|
2,523 |
|
|
|
2,420 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
4.3 |
% |
Total expenses |
|
34,529 |
|
|
|
32,026 |
|
|
|
2,503 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ |
(10,147 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,467 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,680 |
) |
|
|
127.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
(568 |
) |
|
$ |
(448 |
) |
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
26.7 |
% |
Stock compensation expense |
$ |
168 |
|
|
$ |
490 |
|
|
|
(322 |
) |
|
|
(65.8 |
)% |
Interest Income
UACC acquires and services finance receivables from its network of third-party dealership customers and generates interest income, which consists of discount income and interest income. Discount income represents the amortization of unearned discounts over the contractual life of the underlying finance receivables held for investment at fair value. Discounts on the finance receivables held-for-sale are deferred until they are sold.
For securitization transactions that are accounted for as secured borrowings, we recognize interest income in accordance with the terms of the related retail installment sale contracts. Interest income also includes the runoff portfolio of retail installment sale contracts originated for Vroom or purchased from Vroom prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
For securitization transactions that are accounted as a sale of finance receivables in accordance with ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets ("ASC 860"). We recognized gain on sale of finance receivables. There were no securitizations which were accounted for as sales in the periods presented.
51
Interest income increased $16.2 million, or 46.0%, to $51.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $35.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This increase was primarily a result of new originations and the consolidation of our 2022-2 securitization, which increased the loan portfolio to $875.5 million as of March 31, 2024 from $723.1 million as of March 31, 2023. Due to the timing of the consolidation, which occurred at the end of the quarter, the average outstanding balance of finance receivables was $869.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $579.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in interest income is also attributable to higher discount income during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of a larger balance of finances receivables held for investment measured at fair value, with discount being amortized, as compared to finance receivables held for sale with discount deferred until receivables are sold. The average outstanding balance of finance receivables held for investment at fair value was $315.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $273.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Interest expense
Interest expense primarily includes interest expense on UACC's Warehouse Credit Facilities, interest expense incurred on securitization debt, and interest expense on financing of beneficial interests in securitizations.
Interest expense increased $6.9 million or 92.6% to $14.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of higher interest expense incurred on the Warehouse Credit Facilities, which increased $6.4 million to $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase is attributable to a higher outstanding balance of $516.3 million as of March 31, 2024 as compared to $124.2 million as of March 31, 2023, due to financing the larger finance receivable portfolio and an increase in the weighted average interest rates, which increased from 6.70% to 7.22%.
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries, primarily represents charge-offs of finance receivables held-for-sale, changes in the fair value of finance receivables for which the fair value option was selected under ASC 825, changes in the valuation allowance on the held-for-sale portfolio, changes in the fair value of securitization debt accounted in accordance with the measurement alternative under ASU 2014-13, changes in the fair value of beneficial interest, as well as collection expenses related to servicing finance receivables.
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries, increased $15.5 million or 126.2% to $27.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $12.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in realized and unrealized losses on finance receivables as a result of a larger finance receivable portfolio, due to new originations as well as the consolidation of the 2022-2 securitization, which was previously off- balance sheet, as well as higher credit losses as of March 31, 2024 as compared to March 31, 2023.
Servicing Income
Servicing income primarily represents the annual fees earned as a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the finance receivables sold that were accounted for as off-balance sheet securitizations. When our securitizations are accounted for as secured borrowings, the servicing income we receive is eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we also earn other income generated from servicing our finance receivables portfolio, including late and other fees.
Servicing income decreased by $0.9 million or 29.3% to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by a lower balance of the 2022-1 securitization, which is off-balance sheet.
Warranties and GAP Income
UACC earns fees by selling third-party value-added products, such as vehicle service contracts. UACC is also contractually entitled to receive profit-sharing based on the performance of the vehicle service contract policies once a required claims period has passed. UACC recognizes a profit-share to the extent it is probable that it will not result in a significant revenue reversal. The Company estimates the revenue based on historical claims and cancellation data from its consumers, as well as other qualitative assumptions.
52
United Auto Credit GAP is a debt waiver product that provides protection for consumers who purchase the product by waiving the difference between the actual cash value of the consumer’s vehicle and the balance of the consumer’s finance receivable, subject to the terms and conditions of the United Auto Credit GAP, in the event of a total loss resulting from collision or theft. The total fees are earned over the contractual life of the related financial receivables on straight-line basis.
Warranties and GAP income decreased by $0.6 million or 26.9% to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher losses incurred on the GAP debt waiver product.
Other Income
Other income increased $1.4 million or 134.3% to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by higher income related to acquisition fees for originations of finance receivables at fair value, which is recognized in the period the finance receivable is originated.
Professional fees
Professional fees decreased $1.6 million or 64.3% to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of additional professional fees incurred during the first quarter of 2023 as a result of the completion of the 2023-1 securitization transaction.
Impairment charges
Impairment charges increased $2.8 million related to the impairment of capitalized internal-use software that no longer have a planned future use.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA loss increased $5.6 million to $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of the $4.3 million decrease in net interest income after losses and recoveries as discuss above.
CarStory
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
|
(in thousands, except unit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Noninterest income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
CarStory revenue |
$ |
2,979 |
|
|
$ |
3,170 |
|
|
$ |
(191 |
) |
|
|
(6.0 |
)% |
Other income |
|
173 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
260.4 |
% |
Total noninterest income |
|
3,152 |
|
|
|
3,218 |
|
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
(2.1 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Compensation and benefits |
|
2,214 |
|
|
|
2,401 |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
(7.8 |
)% |
Professional fees |
|
122 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(31.1 |
)% |
Software and IT costs |
|
167 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(4.0 |
)% |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
1,605 |
|
|
|
1,605 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
0.0 |
% |
Other expenses |
|
118 |
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(20.8 |
)% |
Total expenses |
|
4,225 |
|
|
|
4,505 |
|
|
|
(280 |
) |
|
|
(6.2 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ |
559 |
|
|
$ |
567 |
|
|
$ |
(8 |
) |
|
|
(1.4 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
(173 |
) |
|
$ |
(46 |
) |
|
|
(126 |
) |
|
|
272.1 |
% |
Stock compensation expense |
$ |
200 |
|
|
$ |
296 |
|
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(32.3 |
)% |
53
CarStory revenue
CarStory generates advertiser, publisher and other user service revenue by offering its AI-powered analytics and digital retailing services to dealers, automotive financial services companies and others in the automotive industry, which use CarStory’s solutions to enhance their customer experience and drive increased vehicle purchases.
CarStory revenue decreased $0.2 million or 6.0% to $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of a change in the scope of service and data provided to our customers.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA remained flat at $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Corporate
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
|
(in thousands, except unit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Interest income |
$ |
(464 |
) |
|
$ |
(931 |
) |
|
$ |
467 |
|
|
|
50.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Realized and unrealized losses, net of recoveries |
|
3,058 |
|
|
|
3,456 |
|
|
|
(398 |
) |
|
|
(11.5 |
)% |
Net interest income after losses and recoveries |
|
(3,521 |
) |
|
|
(4,387 |
) |
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
19.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Noninterest (loss) income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Warranties and GAP income, net |
$ |
(11,252 |
) |
|
$ |
632 |
|
|
$ |
(11,884 |
) |
|
|
(1,880.4 |
)% |
Gain on debt extinguishment |
|
— |
|
|
|
8,709 |
|
|
|
(8,709 |
) |
|
|
(100.0 |
)% |
Other income |
|
141 |
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
(1,789 |
) |
|
|
(92.7 |
)% |
Total noninterest (loss) income |
|
(11,111 |
) |
|
|
11,271 |
|
|
|
(22,382 |
) |
|
|
(198.6 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Compensation and benefits |
|
3,109 |
|
|
|
2,284 |
|
|
|
824 |
|
|
|
36.1 |
% |
Professional fees |
|
2,345 |
|
|
|
2,256 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
% |
Software and IT costs |
|
1,358 |
|
|
|
2,366 |
|
|
|
(1,009 |
) |
|
|
(42.6 |
)% |
Interest expense on corporate debt |
|
920 |
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
|
|
(223 |
) |
|
|
(19.5 |
)% |
Other expenses |
|
1,813 |
|
|
|
2,631 |
|
|
|
(819 |
) |
|
|
(31.1 |
)% |
Total expenses |
|
9,544 |
|
|
|
10,681 |
|
|
|
(1,137 |
) |
|
|
(10.6 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ |
(22,564 |
) |
|
$ |
(12,398 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,166 |
) |
|
|
82.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
(264 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,930 |
) |
|
|
1,666 |
|
|
|
86.3 |
% |
Stock compensation expense |
$ |
956 |
|
|
$ |
894 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
7.0 |
% |
Corporate activities do not constitute a reportable segment. These activities include costs not directly attributable to the segments and are primarily related to costs associated with corporate and governance functions, including executive functions, corporate finance, legal, human resources, information technology, cyber security and other shared costs. Certain shared costs, including corporate administration, are allocated to segments based upon a specific allocation of expenses. Corporate activities also include the runoff of legacy Vroom warranty and GAP policies sold prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down as well as certain Vroom contracts, primarily Software and IT related, that are continuing to be renegotiated and right-sized to account for reduced headcount following the Ecommerce Wind-down. We expect these costs to decrease in the future. Adjusted EBITDA loss of $22.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is
54
comprised of a loss of $21.6 million related to runoff of the legacy Vroom related items and ongoing contracts, and a loss of $1.0 million related to public company expenses.
Warranties and GAP Income, net
Prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down, we offered value-added products to our customers pursuant to arrangements with the third parties that sell and administer these products as well as estimated profit-sharing amounts to which we are entitled based on the performance of third-party protection products once a required claims period has passed. A portion of the fees we received are subject to chargeback in the event of early termination, default, or prepayment of the contracts by our customers. Warranties and GAP income, net, recorded within Corporate, relates to the runoff of policies sold prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
See “Note 3—Revenue Recognition” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Warranties and GAP income, net, decreased $11.9 million to a loss of $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from income of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of a revised estimate of proceeds we expect to recover.
Gain on debt extinguishment
Gain on debt extinguishment represents a gain of $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, related to the repurchase of $14.6 million in aggregate principal balance of the Notes, net of deferred issuance costs, for $5.9 million.
Other Income
Other income primarily represents interest earned on cash and cash equivalents. Other income decreased $1.8 million or 92.7% to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by lower cash and cash equivalent balances and lower interest rates earned on cash and cash equivalents.
Compensation and benefits
Compensation and benefits expense increased $0.8 million or 36.1% to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of annual salary increases during 2023 and retention bonuses granted to retain key employees subsequent to the Ecommerce Wind-Down.
Software and IT costs
Software and IT costs decreased $1.0 million or 42.6% to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily related to volume-based fees as a result of reduced headcount and more efficient targeted software use. We are continuing to renegotiate and right-size our Software and IT contracts to account for reduced headcount following the Ecommerce Wind-down and expect these costs to decrease in the future.
Other expenses
Other expenses decreased $0.8 million or 31.1% to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily related to a decrease in public company related
55
insurance costs as we renegotiated our insurance policies during the third quarter of 2023 as a result of the reduced scale of business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $91.0 million and restricted cash of $49.5 million. Restricted cash primarily includes restricted cash required under UACC's securitization transactions and Warehouse Credit Facilities of $48.1 million. Prior to the Ecommerce Wind-Down, our primary source of liquidity was cash generated through financing activities. Additionally, we had excess borrowing capacity of $53.9 million under UACC's Warehouse Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2024.
As a result of the liquidation of our vehicle inventory as part of the Ecommerce Wind-Down, we repaid all amounts outstanding under the 2022 Vehicle Floorplan Facility in full and the agreement has been terminated.
We expect to use our cash and cash equivalents to finance our future capital requirements and UACC’s Warehouse Credit Facilities to fund our finance receivables. Certain advance rates available to UACC on borrowings from the Warehouse Credit Facilities have decreased as a result of the increased credit losses in UACC's portfolio and overall rising interest rates. Any future decreases on available advance rates may have an adverse impact on our liquidity.
We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents and UACC's Warehouse Credit Facilities will be sufficient to support the Company for at least the next twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our ability to successfully implement the Value Maximization Plan and realize its benefits, available advance rates on our Warehouse Credit Facilities, our ability to complete additional securitization transactions on terms favorable to us, and our future credit losses. We have no significant debt maturities due until July 2026 and the payments on our securitization debt are funded by cashflows on the finance receivables within the securitization trusts.
Convertible Senior Notes
On June 18, 2021, we issued $625.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes pursuant to an indenture between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Indenture”).
The Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2022. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2026, subject to earlier repurchase, redemption or conversion. The total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting commissions paid to the initial purchasers and debt issuance costs, were approximately $608.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert were not met.
As of March 31, 2024, $287.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes remain outstanding, net of deferred issuance costs of $3.3 million. Subject to market conditions and availability, we may continue to opportunistically repurchase Notes from time to time to reduce our outstanding indebtedness at a discount. Refer to Note 10 — Long Term Debt of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further discussion.
Securitization Transactions
Subject to market conditions, we plan to sell finance receivables originated by UACC through asset-backed securitization transactions. In April 2024, UACC sold approximately $262.5 million of rated asset-backed securities in an auto finance receivable securitization transaction from a securitization trust, established and sponsored by UACC for proceeds of $261.3 million. The trust is collateralized by finance receivables with an aggregate principal balance of $380.1 million. These finance receivables are serviced by UACC. As a result of market conditions, which led to unfavorable pricing, UACC retained the Class E non-investment grade securities and residual interests, which will require us to account for the 2024-1 securitization as secured borrowings and remain on balance sheet pending the sale of such retained interests. In May 2024, UACC sold approximately $37.5 million of Class E non-investment grade securities that were initially retained for proceeds of $35.9 million. UACC continues to retain the residual interest and 5% or $15.8 million of the rated notes.
56
In 2023, UACC sold investment and non-investment grade rated asset-backed securities in the 2023-1 auto loan securitization transaction for proceeds of $260.9 million. The securitization trust is collateralized by finance receivables with an aggregate principal balance of $326.4 million. As a result of market conditions at the time, which led to unfavorable pricing, UACC retained the residual interests, and we accounted for the 2023-1 securitization transaction as secured borrowings.
Finance receivables are serviced by UACC. UACC retains at least 5% of the notes and residual certificates sold as required by applicable risk retention rules and generally uses the proceeds of the securitization transactions to pay down outstanding debt under its Warehouse Credit Facilities.
As a result of high interest rates, the current inflationary environment and vehicle depreciation in the used automotive industry, UACC is experiencing higher loss severity. The increased loss severity could lead to reduced servicing income if UACC elects to waive monthly servicing fees going forward as it did in the first quarter of 2023. The waiver of monthly servicing fees related to the 2022-2 securitization transaction resulted in consolidation of the related finance receivables and securitization debt on our financial statements.
Refer to Note 4 — Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further discussion.
UACC Risk Retention Financing Facility
On May 3, 2023, UACC entered into a Risk Retention Financing Facility enabling it to finance a portion of the asset-backed securities issued in its securitization transactions and held by UACC pursuant to applicable risk retention rules. Under this facility, UACC sells such retained interests and agrees to repurchase them at fair value on a future date. In its initial transaction under this facility, UACC pledged $24.5 million of its retained beneficial interests as collateral, and received proceeds of $24.1 million, with expected repurchase dates ranging from March 2025 to September 2029. The securitization trusts will distribute payments related to UACC's pledged beneficial interests in securitizations directly to the lenders, which will reduce the beneficial interests in securitizations and the related debt balance.
In April 2024, we pledged an additional $13.8 million of our retained beneficial interest in the 2024-1 securitization transaction as collateral under the Risk Retention Financing Facility, and received proceeds of $13.7 million, with expected repurchase dates ranging from August 2026 to November 2029 at the initial closing date.
Warehouse Credit Facilities
UACC has four senior secured warehouse credit facility agreements the (“Warehouse Credit Facilities”) with banking institutions. The Warehouse Credit Facilities are collateralized by eligible finance receivables and available borrowings are computed based on a percentage of eligible finance receivables. The aggregate borrowing limit is $825.0 million with maturities between June 2025 and September 2025. As of March 31, 2024, outstanding borrowings related to the Warehouse Credit Facilities were $516.3 million and we were in compliance with all covenants under the terms of the Warehouse Credit Facilities. Failure to satisfy these and or any other requirements contained within the agreements would restrict access to the Warehouse Credit Facilities and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Certain breaches of covenants may also result in acceleration of the repayment of borrowings prior to the scheduled maturity. Refer to Note 9 — Warehouse Credit Facilities of Consolidated VIEs to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further discussion.
57
Cash Flows from Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
2024 |
|
|
|
2023 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations |
|
$ |
|
(75,043 |
) |
|
$ |
|
(131,698 |
) |
Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations |
|
|
|
35,324 |
|
|
|
|
51,197 |
|
Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations |
|
|
|
18,670 |
|
|
|
|
84,461 |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
98,167 |
|
|
|
|
46,677 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
5,747 |
|
|
|
|
(4,379 |
) |
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
(151,178 |
) |
|
|
|
(129,560 |
) |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
|
|
|
(68,313 |
) |
|
|
|
(83,302 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |
|
|
|
208,819 |
|
|
|
|
472,010 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |
|
$ |
|
140,506 |
|
|
$ |
|
388,708 |
|
Operating Activities
Net cash flows used in operating activities from continuing operations decreased by $56.7 million, from $131.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $75.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due an increase in principal payments received on finance receivables held for sale of $19.7 million, a $17.2 million improvement in net loss from continuing operations after reconciling adjustments, a $14.5 million decrease of originations of finance receivables held for sale, as a result of no longer originating loans for legacy Vroom customers, and changes in working capital of $6.7 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash flows provided by investing activities from continuing operations decreased by $15.9 million, from $51.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $35.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease is primarily due the consolidation of the 2022-2 securitization transaction which resulted in a cash inflow of $11.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and a $6.7 million decrease in principal payments received on finance receivables at fair value.
Financing Activities
Net cash flows provided by financing activities from continuing operations decreased $65.8 million, from $84.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $18.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The change was primarily related to proceeds from borrowings under secured financing arrangements of $238.7 million related to the 2023-1 securitization transaction in the first quarter of 2023 and an increase in principal repayments under secured financing agreements of $30.9 million, primarily as a result of calling the 2021-1 securitization transaction in the first quarter of 2024. The changes were partially offset by an increase in net cash inflow of $200.5 million related to our Warehouse Credit Facilities, as the Warehouse Credit Facilities were paid down in the first quarter of 2023 following the 2031-1 securitization transaction.
58
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including, among others, those related to finance receivables, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, warranties and GAP income-related reserves, fair value measurements and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience, market conditions and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The critical accounting policies that reflect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements include those described in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3—Revenue Recognition to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Except as described below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Fair Value of Finance Receivables
The valuation of finance receivables at fair value is derived from an internally developed model that estimates the present value of future cash flows. We estimate the present value of these future cash flows using a valuation model consisting of internally developed estimates that rely on unobservable assumptions third-party market participants would use in determining fair value, including prepayment speed, default rate, recovery rate, and discount rates. All these assumptions are primarily based on historical performance. These valuation models are calculated by combining similarly priced loans and vintages to determine a stream of expected cash flows which are then discounted. The individual discounted pools of cash flows are then aggregated to determine the total expected discounted cash flows on the outstanding receivable at a given measurement period.
The estimates for the aforementioned assumptions significantly affect the reported amount (and changes thereon) of our finance receivables at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion about new accounting pronouncements adopted and not yet adopted as of the date of this report.
59
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item 3.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on effectiveness of controls and procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2024.
Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
60
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings in the normal course of operating our business. The outcome of litigation, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. Beginning in March 2021, multiple putative class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain of the Company’s stockholders against the Company and certain of the Company’s officers alleging violations of federal securities laws. The lawsuits were captioned Zawatsky et al. v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-2477; Holbrook v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-2551; and Hudda v. Vroom, Inc. et al., Case No. 21-cv-3296. All three of the lawsuits asserted similar claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5. In each case, the named plaintiff(s) sought to represent a proposed class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s securities during a period from June 9, 2020 to March 3, 2021 (in the case of Holbrook and Hudda), or November 11, 2020 to March 3, 2021 (in the case of Zawatsky). In August 2021, the Court consolidated the cases under the new name In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 21-cv-2477, appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel and ordered a consolidated amended complaint to be filed. The court-appointed lead plaintiff subsequently filed a consolidated amended complaint that reasserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5 against the Company and certain of the Company’s officers, and added new claims under Sections 11, 12 and 15 of the Securities Act against the Company, certain of its officers, certain of its directors, and the underwriters of the Company’s September 2020 secondary offering. The Company filed a motion to dismiss all claims, and briefing of this motion is complete. The Company believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously contest these claims. While the outcome of any complex legal proceeding is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, based upon information presently known to management, the Company believes that the potential liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
In August 2021, November 2021, January 2022, and February 2022, various Company stockholders filed purported shareholder derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain of the Company’s officers and directors, and nominally against the Company, alleging violations of the federal securities laws and breaches of fiduciary duty to the Company and/or related violations of Delaware law based on the same general course of conduct alleged in In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. All four lawsuits have been consolidated under the case caption In re Vroom, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Case No. 21-cv-6933, and the court has approved the parties’ stipulation that the cases would remain stayed pending final resolution of In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. All four derivative suits remain in preliminary stages and there have been no substantive developments in any matter.
In April 2022 and April 2024, two of the Company’s stockholders filed separate purported shareholder derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against certain of the Company’s officers and directors, and nominally against the Company, alleging violations of the federal securities law and breaches of fiduciary duty to the Company and/or related violations of Delaware law based on the same general course of conduct alleged in In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. The case filed in April 2022 is captioned Godlu v. Hennessy et al., Case No. 22-cv-569, the case filed in April 2024 is captioned Hudda v. Hennessy et al. Case No. 24-cv-4499., and the court in each has approved the parties’ stipulations that each case would remain stayed pending final resolution of In re: Vroom, Inc. Securities Litigation. Both lawsuits remain in preliminary stages and there have been no substantive developments.
In January 2022, the Company received a non-public civil investigative demand from the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), seeking the production of information related to certain of the Company's business practices and the Company responded to those information requests. On February 23, 2024, the FTC notified the Company that it has reason to believe that the Company violated Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a); the FTC's Mail, Internet, or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 435; the FTC’s Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule,16 C.F.R. Part 455; and the FTC’s Pre-Sale Availability Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 702. On May 6, 2024, Vroom, Inc., and Vroom Automotive, LLC and the FTC reached an agreement to resolve the FTC’s allegations, subject to final approval by the FTC and the court. Under the agreement, the Company will pay a total of $1 million in customer redress and abide permanently by an injunction.
In April 2022, the Attorney General of Texas filed a petition on behalf of the State of Texas in the District Court of Travis County, Texas against the Company, alleging violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices − Consumer Protection Act, Texas Business and Commerce Code § 17.41 et seq., based on alleged deficiencies and other issues in the Company’s marketing of used vehicles and fulfilment of customer orders, including the titling and registration of sold
61
vehicles. According to the petition, 80% of the customer complaints referenced in the petition were received in the 12 months prior to April 2022. The petition is captioned State of Texas v. Vroom Automotive LLC, and Vroom Inc., Case No. D-1-GN-001809. In May 2022, Vroom Automotive, LLC the Attorney General of the State of Texas agreed to a temporary injunction in which Vroom Automotive, LLC agreed to adhere to its existing practice of possessing title for all vehicles it sells or advertises as available for sale on its ecommerce platform. In December 2023, Vroom, Inc., Vroom Automotive, LLC and the Attorney General of the State of Texas reached a final agreement to resolve all claims in the petition, without any admission of wrongdoing by either Vroom entity. Under the agreement, the Company will pay a total of $2 million in civil penalties and $1 million in attorneys' fees, with the first half due in September 2024 and the remaining half due in September 2025, and abide permanently by an injunction of certain operational practices that were previously implemented.
In August 2022, a plaintiff filed a putative class action lawsuit in the New York State Supreme Court against Vroom, Inc., and Vroom Automotive LLC as defendants, alleging, among other things, deficiencies in Vroom’s titling and registration of sold vehicles: Emely Reyes Martinez, on behalf of all others similarly situated, v. Vroom Automotive, LLC and Vroom Inc., No. 652684/2022. The Company removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 22-cv-7631) and filed a motion to compel arbitration of all claims. In September 2023, Vroom’s motion to compel arbitration was granted, and the court action stayed pending the outcome of any arbitration proceeding over the plaintiff’s individual claims.
As previously disclosed, we have been subject to audits, requests for information, investigations and other inquiries from our regulators relating to increased customer complaints concerning the same or similar matters alleged in the State of Texas petition. These regulatory matters could continue to progress into legal proceedings as well as enforcement actions. We have incurred fines in certain states and could continue to incur fines, penalties, restitution, or alterations in our business practices, which in turn, could lead to increased business expenses, additional limitations on our business activities and further reputational damage, although to date such expenses have not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties including those disclosed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report. We provide below the material changes to our risk factors described in our Annual Report. If any of these risks or others not specified materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment in our common stock:
There are risks associated with the discontinuance of our ecommerce operations and wind-down of our used vehicle dealership business.
On January 22, 2024, we announced the Value Maximization Plan, pursuant to which we discontinued our ecommerce operations and wound down our used vehicle dealership business in order to preserve cash and maximize stakeholder value through our remaining businesses. As a result, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs including severance costs, inventory liquidation costs, contract and lease termination costs and non-cash asset impairments, and such costs are expected to exceed any cash we generate on the liquidation of assets. The Company estimates that it will incur total cash charges during 2024 of approximately $16.4 million for severance and other personnel-related costs, with $14.7 million incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and approximately $14.3 million in contract and lease termination costs, with $11.9 million settled during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The actual amount of wind down, transition and impairment charges may materially exceed our estimates, due to various factors, many of which are outside of our control, including the outcomes of discussions and negotiations (a number of which are currently ongoing) with the counterparties to the contracts and leases we intend to terminate or modify. In addition, because of uncertainties with respect to our wind-down plan (including those described above), we may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of or complete the wind-down in the expected timeframe, on the terms or in the manner we expect, and the costs incurred in connection with such wind-down activities may exceed our estimates. If the time to complete the wind-down takes longer than expected, or the actual costs or impairment charges exceed our estimates, the Company’s business, operational results, financial position and cash flows could be adversely affected.
The purpose of the Value Maximization Plan was to wind-down our ecommerce operations, which were not profitable and had significant cash burn, in order to preserve cash and enable us to maximize stakeholder value through
62
our remaining businesses, UACC and CarStory. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $91.0 million. Given our wind-down expenses, including employee severance costs, our ongoing operating expenses and recent losses at UACC, there can be no assurance that we will succeed in growing and enhancing the profitability of UACC and CarStory and create meaningful stakeholder value.
Additionally, the announced wind-down involves further risks, including:
If any of these or other factors impair our ability to successfully implement the wind-down, we may not be able to realize other business opportunities as we may be required to spend additional time and incur additional expense relating to the wind-down that otherwise would be used on the development, expansion and profitability of our other businesses, which could adversely impact our business, operational results, financial position and cash flows.
We may not generate sufficient liquidity to operate our business.
As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $91.0 million. We expect to use our cash and cash equivalents to finance our future capital requirements and UACC’s four senior secured warehouse facility agreements (the “Warehouse Credit Facilities”) to fund our finance receivables. Certain advance rates available to UACC on borrowings from the Warehouse Credit Facilities have decreased as a result of the increasing credit losses in UACC's portfolio and overall higher interest rates. Any future decreases on available advance rates may have an adverse impact on our liquidity. If we are unable to maintain the Warehouse Credit Facilities, all of which expire on varying dates in 2025, absent renewal, on favorable terms or at all, or if they are terminated or expire and are not renewed or we are unable to find a satisfactory replacement, we may be unable to fund our finance receivables, and our business, operational results, financial position and cash flows would be adversely affected. In addition, in April 2024, UACC sold approximately $262.5 million of rated asset-backed securities in an auto loan securitization transaction from a securitization trust, established and sponsored by UACC for proceeds of $261.3 million. The trust is collateralized by finance receivables with an aggregate principal balance of $380.1 million. These finance receivables are serviced by UACC. As a result of market conditions, which led to unfavorable pricing, UACC retained the Class E non-investment grade securities and residual interests, which will require us to account for the 2024-1 securitization as secured borrowings and remain on balance sheet pending the sale of such retained interests. In May 2024, UACC sold approximately $37.5 million of Class E non-investment grade securities that were initially retained for proceeds of $35.9 million.
UACC and CarStory both incurred losses in the first quarter of 2024. We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient revenue to offset the cost of maintaining our remaining operations, including significant accounting, legal, administrative and other costs associated with being a public company, and to service the interest and repay the outstanding Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Notes") when due. Our revenue growth may be adversely affected by our inability to grow and develop the UACC and CarStory businesses; weakness in the automotive retail industry generally; general economic conditions, including high interest rates and inflation; global pandemics and other public health emergencies; and increasing competition. Our historical revenue growth is not indicative of our future performance, particularly given the wind-down of our ecommerce business. If we are unable to grow and develop the UACC and CarStory businesses and generate sufficient revenue, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, our cash needs may increase in the future as we focus on growing and developing the UACC and CarStory businesses.
In addition to our ongoing cash requirements, our liquidity will also be used to fund costs related to the wind-down of our ecommerce operations, primarily severance and early contract and lease termination payments. Such payments could be significant and have a material effect on our cash flows from operations. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our available advance rates on the Warehouse Credit Facilities, our ability to complete
63
additional securitization transactions on terms favorable to us, and our future credit losses. We have no significant debt maturities due until July 2026 and the payments on our securitization debt are funded by cashflows on the finance receivables within the securitization trusts. However, there can be no assurance that our liquidity will be sufficient to achieve the objectives of our Value Maximization Plan.
We depend on key personnel to operate our business, and if we are unable to retain, integrate and attract qualified personnel, our ability to develop and successfully grow our business could be harmed.
We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of our executives and employees. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to retain, develop, motivate and attract highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to retain and attract them. In particular, we are highly dependent on the services of our leadership team to the development of our business, future vision, and strategic direction, including as we realign our business in accordance with the Value Maximization Plan. On February 29, 2024, James G. Vagim, III, UACC's Co-President and Chief Executive Officer, and Ravi Gandhi, UACC's Co-President and Chief Financial Officer stepped down. The Company's Chief Executive Officer, Tom Shortt succeeded Mr. Vagim as President and Chief Executive Officer of UACC, and the Company's Vice President of Investor Relations and Financial Planning & Analysis, Jon Sandison, succeeded Mr. Gandhi as UACC's Chief Financial Officer. In addition, effective May 17, 2024 (the "CFO Transition Date"), Robert R. Krakowiak will cease his service as Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and principal financial officer of the Company. On May 6, 2024, the Board appointed Mr. Krakowiak as a member of the board of directors (the “Board”) of the Company, and as Vice Chair of the Board, in each case effective as of the CFO Transition Date, for a term ending at the Company's 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Annual Meeting"), where the Board has nominated him for re-election by our stockholders. On the CFO Transition Date, the Company's Senior Vice President and principal accounting officer, Agnieszka Zakowicz, will succeed Mr. Krakowiak as the Company's Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and principal financial officer and will retain her role as principal accounting officer. Also effective on the CFO Transition Date, C. Denise Stott will step down as the Company's Chief People & Culture Officer. Our future performance will depend, in part, on the successful transition of these positions and any other key management positions that may experience turnover in the future. We heavily rely on the continued service and performance of our senior management team, which provides leadership, contributes to the core areas of our business and helps us to efficiently execute our business, including with respect to strategic initiatives such as our Value Maximization Plan. If members of our senior management team, including our executive leadership, become ill, or if we are otherwise unable to retain them, we may not be able to manage our business effectively and, as a result, our business and operating results could be harmed. If the senior management team, including any new hires that we make, fails to work together effectively and to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis then our business and future growth prospects could be harmed.
In addition, we issue equity awards to certain of our employees as part of our hiring and retention efforts, and job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Our employees’ ability to sell their shares in the public market at times and/or at prices desired may lead to a larger than normal turnover rate. The market value of our common stock has declined significantly. If the actual or perceived value of our common stock does not recover, or if our common stock is delisted from the Nasdaq Global Select Market, it may adversely affect our ability to hire or retain employees. See “Risk Factors —We may be unable to satisfy a continued listing rule from the Nasdaq” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, we may periodically change our equity compensation practices, which may include reducing the number of employees eligible for equity awards or reducing the size or value of equity awards granted per employee or undertaking other efforts that may prove to be an unsuccessful retention mechanism. For instance, on April 27, 2024, our Board of Directors adopted, subject to stockholder approval at the Annual Meeting, an amendment to the Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”) to (i) increase the number of shares of our common stock authorized for issuance under the 2020 Plan by 350,000 shares and (ii) correspondingly increase by 350,000 shares the limit on the number of shares that can be issued under the 2020 Plan pursuant to the exercise of “incentive stock options.” The purpose of the proposed amendment is to ensure the Company has a sufficient reserve of shares available to attract, retain and motivate selected employees, consultants and directors who are essential to the Company’s long-term growth while preserving cash, particularly in light of the goals of the Value Maximization Plan. If we are unable to make meaningful equity awards to our employees or directors, including if stockholders do not approve the proposed amendment to the 2020 Plan and we do not have sufficient shares of our common stock authorized for issuance to make equity awards, or otherwise fail to attract, integrate, or retain the qualified and highly skilled personnel required to fulfill our current or future needs, our business and future growth prospects could be harmed.
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Furthermore, in light of the reduction in headcount as part of our Value Maximization Plan, we may find it difficult to maintain valuable aspects of our culture, to prevent a negative effect on employee morale or attrition beyond our planned reduction in headcount, and to attract competent personnel who are willing to embrace our culture in the future. Our executive officers and other employees are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We may not be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees, particularly in light of the discontinuance of our ecommerce business and wind-down of our used vehicle dealership business. If we do not succeed in retaining and motivating existing employees or attracting well-qualified employees in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
(a) Disclosure in lieu of reporting on a Current Report on Form 8-K.
None.
(b) Material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the board of directors
None.
(c) Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company
Item 6. Exhibits
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
File No. |
|
Exhibit |
|
Filing Date |
|
Filed Herewith |
Furnished Herewith |
|
|
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2.1 |
|
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8-K |
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001-39315 |
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2.1 |
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October 12, 2021 |
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3.1 |
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vroom, Inc. |
|
10-Q |
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001-39315 |
|
3.1 |
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August 13, 2020 |
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3.2 |
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Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate |
|
8-K |
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001-39315 |
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3.1 |
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February 14, 2024 |
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65
|
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3.3 |
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|
10-Q |
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001-39315 |
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3.2 |
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August 13, 2020 |
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4.1 |
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Specimen Stock Certificate evidencing the shares of common stock |
|
S-1/A |
|
333-238482 |
|
4.1 |
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June 1, 2020 |
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4.2 |
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|
8-K |
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001-39315 |
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4.1 |
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June 21, 2021 |
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4.3 |
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8-K |
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001-39315 |
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4.2 |
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June 21, 2021 |
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4.4 |
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S-1/A |
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333-238482 |
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4.2 |
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May 18, 2020 |
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10.1# |
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X |
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10.2# |
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X |
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10.3# |
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X |
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66
|
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Corporation, as servicer and custodian, a backup servicer and account bank, the lender parties thereto, and Capital One, N.A. as administrative agent, as amended through August 31, 2023 |
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10.4# |
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X |
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31.1 |
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X |
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31.2 |
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X |
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32.1 |
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X |
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32.2 |
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X |
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101.INS |
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Inline XBRL Instance Document |
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X |
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101.SCH |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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X |
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101.CAL |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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X |
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101.DEF |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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X |
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101.LAB |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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X |
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101.PRE |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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X |
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67
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104 |
|
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
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X |
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# Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by "[***]") have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item (601)(b)(10).
68
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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|
Vroom, Inc. |
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Date: May 10, 2024 |
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By: |
/s/ Thomas H. Shortt |
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Thomas H. Shortt |
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Chief Executive Officer |
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(principal executive officer) |
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Date: May 10, 2024 |
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By: |
/s/ Robert R. Krakowiak |
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Robert R. Krakowiak |
|
|
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Chief Financial Officer |
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|
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(principal financial officer) |
69