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Convertible Preferred Stock, Tranche Liability and Warrant Liability
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability and Warrant Liability [Abstract]  
Convertible Preferred Stock, Tranche Liability and Warrant Liability
NOTE 5. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK, TRANCHE LIABILITY AND WARRANT LIABILITY
Convertible Preferred Stock
On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into the Series B Agreement for a private placement of up to 19,770,070 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, at an original issuance price of $3.80 per share, subject to separate closings, including: (1) 11,862,043 shares at the Initial Closing on November 20, 2020, and (2) 7,908,027 shares at a subsequent closing that would be triggered by the achievement of a specific clinical milestone. The Series B Agreement obligated the Company to issue and sell and the Series B purchasers to purchase up to a total of 7,908,027 additional shares of Series B convertible preferred stock (the “Milestone Shares”) at the same price per share upon the achievement of a certain defined clinical milestone. The determination as to whether the milestone event has been met was subject to certification by the Board and the Requisite Investors. Each Series B convertible preferred stock investor had the right, but not the obligation, to purchase all or any portion of the Milestone Shares at any time in its sole option and in its sole and absolute discretion, whether or not the Company achieved the applicable clinical milestone. See “
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Rights Liability
” below.
As discussed above in Note 1, on June 9, 2021, the Board and the Requisite Investors elected to waive the achievement of the milestone subject to the terms and conditions of the Series B Agreement and consummate the Milestone Closing and, on June 17, 2021, the Milestone Closing occurred, resulting in the sale of 7,908,027 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock at $3.80 per share for gross proceeds of $30.0 million, bringing the total number of Series B convertible preferred shares outstanding to 19,770,070.
 
On June 22, 2021, a warrant to purchase 447,426 shares of Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $2.794 per share was exercised (see
“Series
A-1
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability”
below), bringing the total number of Series
A-1
convertible preferred shares outstanding to 7,985,305.
Additionally, on July 6, 2021, in connection with the closing of the IPO, 477,297 shares of Series A, 7,985,305 shares of Series
A-1,
and 19,770,070 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock, respectively, automatically converted into an equal number of shares of common stock. There were no shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
Convertible preferred stock consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
    
Shares
Authorized
    
Shares
Issued and
Outstanding
    
Weighted Average
Issuance Price per
Share
    
Carrying
Value
    
Liquidation
Preference
 
Series A
     711,203        477,297      $ 2.24      $ 1,067      $ 1,067  
Series
A-1
     11,898,177        7,537,879        2.24        16,333        16,847  
Series B
     29,457,450        11,862,043        3.80        39,253        45,070  
    
 
 
    
 
 
             
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
     42,066,830        19,877,219               $ 56,653      $ 62,984  
    
 
 
    
 
 
             
 
 
    
 
 
 
Dividends
The holders of Series B, Series
A-1
and Series A convertible preferred stock were entitled to receive dividends ahead of, or simultaneously with, common stockholders in an amount equal to the product of (A) the dividend payable on each share of the class or series of convertible preferred stock determined, if applicable, as if all shares of such class or series of convertible preferred stock had been converted into common stock and (B) the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a share of preferred stock. No dividends have been declared since inception.
Liquidation preference
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Series B convertible preferred stock were entitled to receive, prior and in preference to, holders of Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock, and holders of common stock, in the amount of the original issue price plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. If upon occurrence of such an event, the assets and funds to be distributed among the holders of Series B convertible preferred stock were insufficient to permit full payment to such holders, the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution would have been distributed ratably among the holders of the Series B convertible preferred stock.
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock were entitled to receive, prior and in preference to, holders of Series A convertible preferred stock and holders of common stock, in the amount of the original issue price plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. If upon occurrence of such an event, the assets and funds to be distributed among the holders of Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock were insufficient to permit full payment to such holders, the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution would have been distributed ratably among the holders of the Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock.
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Series A convertible preferred stock were entitled to receive, prior and in preference to, holders of common
stock, in the amount of the original issue price plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. If upon occurrence of such an event, the assets and funds to be distributed among the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock were insufficient to permit full payment to such holders, the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution would have been distributed ratably among the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock.
Conversion rights
Shares of all series of convertible preferred stock were convertible into such number of fully paid and
non-assessable
shares of common stock as determined by dividing the original issuance price for such series by the applicable conversion price for such series then in effect. The initial conversion price per share for each series of convertible preferred stock was the original issue price applicable to such series as shown in the table above, subject to adjustment in the event of certain dilutive issuances. The convertible preferred stock original issuance price and conversion price were each subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the convertible preferred stock.
Each share of convertible preferred stock was convertible at any time at the option of the holder at the conversion ratio then in effect. In addition, each share of convertible preferred stock was to be automatically converted into common stock at the conversion ratio then in effect upon either (a) the closing of an underwritten public offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $75 million and at a price per share equal to at least two times the Series B original issuance price, or $7.60 (subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series B convertible preferred stock), or (b) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified in such vote or written consent of at least 67% of the holders of the then outstanding shares of Series B convertible preferred stock.
If any Series B purchaser failed to purchase its respective portion of the Milestone Shares upon occurrence of the Milestone Closing, each existing share of Series B convertible preferred stock held by such stockholder would have automatically converted into one share of common stock two days after the Milestone Closing.
On July 6, 2021, in connection with the closing of the IPO, each outstanding share of Series A, Series
A-1
and Series B convertible preferred stock converted into one share of common stock.
Voting rights
Holders of convertible preferred stock were entitled to vote as a single class together with the holders of common stock and had one vote for each share of common stock into which the convertible preferred stock was convertible.
The holders of Series B convertible preferred stock were entitled to elect two directors to the Board, and the holders of Series A and Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock, voting together as a single class, were also entitled to elect two directors to the Board. The holders of common stock, exclusively and as a separate class, are entitled to elect two directors to the Board. The final director to the Board was designated by the holders of a majority of the shares of the preferred stock and common stock, voting together as a single class.
A majority of the outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock was necessary for approving certain matters, including the ability to either increase or decrease the authorized number of directors constituting the Board, pursuant to protective provisions in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Rights Liability
The Company concluded that the tranche liability met the definition of a freestanding financial instrument, as it was legally detachable and separately exercisable from the initial closing of the Series B convertible preferred stock. The fair value for the tranche liability was estimated as a forward contract using a valuation model, calibrated at issuance. The valuation model at issuance estimated the implied value of the Series B stock as of the expected milestone date utilizing the probability of milestone achievement, expected timing of milestone achievement, and risk-free rate. The model was calibrated such that the value of the initial tranche and the forward contract were equal to the initial tranche proceeds at issuance. Subsequently, the fair value of the liability was discounted to the valuation date and adjusted for probability of the achievement of the milestone event. The calibrated valuation model was updated as of December 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and in the Stay Private scenario utilized in the hybrid methodology as of June 17, 2021 (the date of the Milestone Closing). Significant estimates and assumptions impacting fair value include the discount rate, expected time to the Milestone Closing, and probability of the Milestone Closing. The discount rate was equal to the risk-free rate commensurate with the estimated timing of the Milestone Closing.
The following assumptions were used in the estimation of the fair value of the tranche liability as a forward contract as of each of the dates indicated:
 
   
June 17,
2021
   
December 31,
2020
 
Risk-free interest rate
    0.07     0.12
Expected time to Milestone Closing (in years)
    0.8       1.3  
Probability of achievement of Milestone Closing
    100     65
For the other portion of the hybrid method used as of June 17, 2021, the fair value for the tranche liability was estimated based upon an allocation of the underlying equity value, which was determined using an IPO value as estimated through analysis of IPOs for comparable guideline companies, to arrive at a value per share in the IPO scenario. The estimated fair value of the tranche liability was $81,190,000 and $5,033,000 as of the Milestone Closing on June 17, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The significant increase in the June 17, 2021 valuation stems from both a shift in methodology from an option pricing method (“OPM”) to a Hybrid Model where the concluded value of the forward tranche is derived by the sum of the probability weighted present value of the forward tranche in the Stay Private and IPO scenarios (with the former including all other potential exit scenarios other than an imminent IPO), as well as the increase in the probability of achievement of the Milestone Closing. The resulting difference in estimated fair value was recognized as a change in fair value within other income in the accompanying statements of operations.
The tranche liability was revalued each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded in the accompanying statements of operations through the issuance of the Milestone Shares on June 17, 2021. Following the Milestone Closing, the remaining tranche liability was reclassified to convertible preferred stock on the balance sheet.
Series
A-1
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
On October 19, 2018, the Company issued a
ten-year
warrant (the “Series
A-1
Warrant”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 447,426 shares of Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $2.794 on or before October 18, 2028.
The warrant liability met the definition of a freestanding financial instrument, as it was legally detachable and separately exercisable from the initial closing of the Series
A-1
convertible preferred stock. As such, it was
revalued each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded in the accompanying statements of operations until the warrant was exercised on June 22, 2021.
The fair value of the warrant liability was estimated using the OPM backsolve method as of December 31, 2020 and using a hybrid method, which included an OPM backsolve in the Stay Private scenario as of June 22, 2021. The following assumptions were used in the estimation of the fair value of the warrant liability using the OPM backsolve method as of each of the dates indicated:
 
    
June
 
22,
2021
 
December 31,
2020
Risk-free interest rate
   0.25%   0.13%
Expected term (in years)
   2.0   2.0
Expected volatility
   90%   90%
Expected dividend yield
   0%   0%
The hybrid method used to value the warrant liability at June 22, 2021 considered both the underlying equity value determined using the OPM backsolve method in a Stay Private scenario, as well as the underlying equity value that was determined using an expected IPO value as estimated through analysis of IPOs for comparable guideline companies, to arrive at a value per share in the IPO scenario. The underlying equity values from each approach were probability weighted based upon the expected likelihood of each scenario. The fair value of the warrant liability was estimated to be $12.02 and $0.85 as of June 22, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the tranche liability and warrant liability measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
 
 
 
Series A-1 Preferred

Stock Warrant
 
 
Series B Tranche
Rights
 
 
Total
 
Balance, December 31, 201
9
 
$
 
577
 
 
$
 
 
 
$
577
 
Fair value at issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock (November 2020)
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,422
 
 
 
5,422
 
Change in fair valu
e
 
 
(197
)
 
 
(389
)
 
 
(586
)
Balance, December 31, 2020
    380       5,033       5,413  
Change in fair value
    5,000       76,157       81,157  
Settlement of tranche liability due to issuance of Milestone Shares
    —         (81,190     (81,190
Settlement of warrant liability upon exercise
of
 
warrant
    (5,380     —         (5,380
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2021
  $ —       $ —       $ —