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Investment in Joint Venture - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
May 31, 2018
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Apr. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]              
Redeemable noncontrolling interest   $ 41,950   $ 41,950     $ 0
Fair value adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest   (950) $ 0 (950) $ 0    
Guardant Health AMEA, Inc              
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]              
Payments to acquire interest in joint venture $ 9,000            
Equity method investment, shares purchased 40,000            
Equity method investment, ownership percentage 50.00%         50.00%  
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, fair value   41,000   41,000      
Variable interest entity, assets   $ 49,500   $ 49,500      
Threshold period for unremiedied material breach of the joint venture agreement by the other party       20 days      
Threshold period of trading days that purchase price per share will be equal to the average closing price       20 days      
Threshold percentage of fair value that is no less than internal rate of return       20.00%      
Percentage of the product       40.00%      
SoftBank | Guardant Health AMEA, Inc              
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]              
Payments to acquire interest in joint venture $ 41,000            
Equity method investment, shares purchased 40,000            
Equity method investment, ownership percentage 50.00%            
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, redemption value $ 41,000            
Threshold percentage of fair value (greater than)       40.00%