Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Reconciliation

The differences between the effective income tax rate and the statutory tax rates during the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Net loss before tax	$	(578,485)		$	(357,937)		$	(213,256)
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	21.00		%	21.00		%	21.00		%
Tax computed at federal statutory rate	(121,482)			(75,167)			(44,784)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(4,657)			(13,490)			—
Increase (decrease) in taxes recoverable resulting from:
Effect of change in valuation allowance	150,487			110,985			52,719
Non-deductible share-based compensation	4,783			2,724			1,810
Tax deductions for share-based compensation	(17,243)			(17,991)			(6,917)
Tax credits	(30,289)			(15,672)			(8,621)
Foreign withholding taxes	3,299			—			—
Change in tax rate	2,972			—			—
Unrecognized tax benefits	7,573			3,857			2,143
Non-deductible officers’ compensation	8,318			4,697			3,527
Other differences	(462)			57			123
Income tax expense	$	3,299		$	—		$	—

Schedule of Deferred Tax

The following table summarizes the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Tangible and intangible depreciable assets	$	29,576	$	32,180
Stock compensation	26,738		19,183
Provisions	5,740		2,510
Lease liability	9,916		8,800
Non-current investment	673		—
Net operating loss carryforward	299,204		182,536
Capital loss carryforward	89		114
Canada scientific research and experimental development expenditures	5,471		5,471
U.S. research and development tax credits	51,550		28,834
Total gross deferred tax assets	428,957		279,628
Less valuation allowance	(421,044)		(270,368)
Net deferred tax assets	$	7,913	$	9,260
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use asset	$	(7,913)	$	(8,377)
Non-current investment	—		(883)
Net deferred income taxes	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Expiration of NOLs

The NOLs expire as follows (in thousands):

	US				Canada
	Federal		State		Federal		Provincial
Expires in:
2030					$	4,830	$	4,907
2031					7,059		7,066
2032					13,308		12,433
2033	2,225		2,232		18,623		19,385
2034	7,276		22,162		32,401		31,809
2035	53,359		52,950		1,084		1,084
2036	23,379		—		777		777
2037	65,509		—		697		697
2038	—		3,741		—		—
2039	—		—		242		242
2040	—		190,783		273		273
2041	—		24,569		251		251
Does not expire	1,099,025		—		—		—
	$	1,250,773	$	296,437	$	79,545	$	78,924

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Positions

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax positions are as follows (in thousands):

	Federal						Provincial/State
	December 31,						December 31,
	2021		2020		2019		2021		2020		2019
Unrecognized tax positions, beginning of year	$	7,394	$	4,268	$	2,617	$	9,652	$	8,648	$	8,010
Gross increase — current period tax positions	6,482		3,126		1,651		1,367		1,004		638
Gross decrease — prior period tax positions	—		—		—		(78)		—		—
Gross increase — prior period tax positions	—		—		—		—		—		—
Expiration of statute of limitations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Unrecognized tax positions, end of year	$	13,876	$	7,394	$	4,268	$	10,941	$	9,652	$	8,648