Significant accounting policies

3 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2021

Significant accounting policies

2. Significant accounting policies

2.

Significant accounting  policies

Business Presentation These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), and are expressed in United States dollars. The Company’s fiscal year end is August 31. These interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Form 10-Q. They do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended August 31, 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. The consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, they contain all normal recurring accruals and adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at November 30, 2021, and the results of its operations for the three months ended November 30, 2021, and cash flows for the three months ended November 30, 2021. The results of operations for the period ended November 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future quarters or the full year. The significant accounting policies followed are:

a)	Principles of consolidation
	The consolidated financial statements include accounts of Allied Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including AM Biosciences, Allied US Products LLC, Tactical Relief LLC, Baleno Ltd. and Allied Colombia. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of acquisition and control and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect these returns through its power over the investee. All intercompany balances, income, expenses, and unrealized gains and losses resulting from intercompany transactions are eliminated on consolidation.
b)	Cash and cash equivalents
	Cash is comprised of cash on hand, cash held in trust accounts and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities within three months when acquired. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of November 30, 2021 and August 31, 2021.
c)	Property, plant and equipment
	Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The Company depreciates the cost of property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives at the following annual rates and methods:

Farm facility and equipment	1 - 10 years straight-line basis
Office and computer equipment	5 - 10 years straight-line basis
Land equipment	10 years straight-line basis

d)	Inventory
	Inventory is comprised of raw materials, supplies, vegetative and flowering plants, dried flower, diluted crude and CBD isolates available for sale, and purchased cannabis products.

	Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined using weighted average cost. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. At the end of each reporting period, the Company performs an assessment of inventory and records write-downs for excess and obsolete inventories based on the Company’s estimated forecast of product demand, production requirements, market conditions, regulatory environment, and spoilage. Actual inventory losses may differ from management’s estimates and such differences could be material to the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of net loss and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows.
e)	Intangible assets
	Intangible assets include licenses which are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. The Company’s licenses are amortized over their economic or legal life on a straight-line basis, whichever is shorter. The licenses have been amortized from the date of acquisition. The Company periodically evaluates the reasonableness of the useful lives of these assets. Once these assets are fully amortized, they are removed from the accounts. These assets are reviewed for impairment or obsolescence when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If impaired, intangible assets are written down to fair value based on discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. The Company has no intangibles with indefinite lives. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. The Company measures the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value. When an impairment exists, the related assets are written down to fair value.
f)	Long-lived assets
	In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company tests long-lived assets or asset groups for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. Recoverability is assessed based on the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value, which is generally determined based on the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset, as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.

g)	Foreign currency translation and functional currency conversion
	Items included in these consolidated financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entities operate (the “functional currency”). Prior to September 10, 2019, the Company’s functional currency was the Canadian dollar. Translation gains and losses from the application of the U.S. dollar as the reporting currency during the period that the Canadian dollar was the functional currency are included as part of cumulative currency translation adjustment, which is reported as a component of shareholders’ equity under accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company re-assessed its functional currency and determined as at September 10, 2019, its functional currency changed from the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar based on management’s analysis of changes in our organization. The change in functional currency was accounted for prospectively from September 10, 2019 and prior period financial statements were not restated for the change in functional currency. For periods commencing September 10, 2019, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Opening balances related to non-monetary assets and liabilities are based on prior period translated amounts, and non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities incurred after September 10, 2019 are translated at the approximate exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction. Revenue and expense transactions are translated at the approximate exchange rate in effect at the time of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as foreign exchange gains. The Company assessed the functional currency for Allied Colombia to be the Colombian peso. The functional currency for all other subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar.
h)	Share issuance costs
	Costs directly attributable to the raising of capital are charged against the related share capital. Costs related to shares not yet issued are recorded as deferred share issuance costs. These costs are deferred until the issuance of the shares to which the costs relate, at which time the costs will be charged against the related share capital or charged to operations if the shares are not issued.
i)	Research and development costs
	Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
j)	Revenue recognition
	The Company’s revenue is comprised of sales of cannabis products. The Company’s revenue-generating activities have a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product transfers and the Company’s obligations have been fulfilled. This generally occurs when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer, depending upon the method of distribution and shipping terms set forth in the customer contract. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the sale of the Company’s product. Certain of the Company’s customer contracts may provide the customer with a right of return. In certain circumstances the Company may also provide a retrospective price adjustment to a customer. These items give rise to variable consideration, which is recognized as a reduction of the transaction price based upon the expected amounts of the product returns and price adjustments at the time revenue for the corresponding product sale is recognized. The determination of the reduction of the transaction price for variable consideration requires that the Company make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the timing and amounts of revenue recognized.

	Sales of products are for cash or otherwise agreed-upon credit terms. The Company’s payment terms vary by location and customer; however, the time period between when revenue is recognized and when payment is due is not significant. The Company estimates and reserves for its bad debt exposure based on its experience with past due accounts and collectability, write-off history, the aging of accounts receivable and an analysis of customer data.
k)	Net income (loss) per common share
	Net income (loss) per share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period is used to compute basic earning or loss per share. Diluted earnings or loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares and diluted potential common shares outstanding to the extent the effect would not be antidilutive. Dilutive potential common shares are additional common shares assumed to be exercised. Basic net income (loss) per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.
l)	Income taxes
	The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under the asset and liability method of ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period the enactment occurs. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize tax assets through future operations.
m)	Related party transactions
	Related parties are any entities or individuals that, through employment, ownership or other means, possess the ability to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the Company. The Company discloses related party transactions that are outside of normal compensatory agreements, such as salaries. Related party transactions are measured at the exchange amounts.
n)	Significant accounting estimates and judgments
	The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although management uses historical experience and its best knowledge of the amount, events or actions to for the basis for judgments and estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and further periods if the review affects both current and future periods. Significant estimates and assumptions included in these financial statements relate to the valuation assumptions related to the estimated useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Judgments are required in the assessment of the Company’s ability to continue to as going concern as described in Note 1.

o)	Financial instruments
	ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 825 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 825 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Level 3 Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The financial instruments consist principally of cash, due from related parties, accounts payable, note payable, and convertible notes payable. The fair value of cash when applicable is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company believes that the recorded values of all other financial instruments which are categorized as loans and receivables approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective relatively short maturity dates or current market rates of interest for similar instruments. For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including accounts payable, due from related parties, notes and loans payable, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to the short maturities. The Company does not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis presented on the Company’s balance sheet as of November 30, 2021 and August 31, 2021 other than cash. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions.
p)	Leases
	In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets but recognize the expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current practice. The standard states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on September 1, 2019, using the transition relief to the modified retrospective approach, presenting prior year information based on the previous standard. The Company did not have any leases until the acquisition of its wholly owned subsidiary, Allied Colombia S.A.S. on February 18, 2020.

	The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease in whole or in part at the inception of the contract. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term while lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. All leases with terms greater than twelve months result in the recognition of a ROU asset and a liability at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Unless a lease provides all of the information required to determine the implicit interest rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company uses the implicit interest rate in the lease when readily determinable. Our lease terms include all non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend (or to not terminate) the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases with terms of twelve months or less at the commencement date are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term and do not result in the recognition of an asset or liability. See Note 7 – Leases.
q)	Reverse Acquisitions
	Identification of the accounting acquirer The Company considers factors in ASC 805-10-55-10 through 55-15 in identifying the accounting acquirer. The Company uses the existence of a controlling financial interest to identify the acquirer - the entity that obtains control of the acquiree. Other pertinent facts and circumstances also shall be considered in identifying the acquirer in a business combination effected by exchanging equity interests, including the following: (a) The relative voting rights in the combined entity after the business combination, where the acquirer usually is the combining entity whose owners as a group retain or receive the largest portion of the voting rights in the combined entity taking into consideration the existence of any unusual or special voting arrangements and options, warrants, or convertible securities; (b) the existence of a large minority voting interest in the combined entity if no other owner or organized group of owners has a significant voting interest, and where the acquirer usually is the combining entity whose single owner or organized group of owners holds the largest minority voting interest in the combined entity; (c) the composition of the governing body of the combined entity, where the acquirer usually is the combining entity whose owners have the ability to elect or appoint or to remove a majority of the members of the governing body of the combined entity; (d) the composition of the senior management of the combined entity, where the acquirer usually is the combining entity whose former management dominates the management of the combined entity; and (e) the terms of the exchange of equity interests, where the acquirer usually is the combining entity that pays a premium over the pre-combination fair value of the equity interests of the other combining entity or entities, where the acquirer usually is the combining entity whose relative size (measured in, for example, assets, revenues, or earnings) is significantly larger than that of the other combining entity or entities. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 805-40-05-2, as one example of a reverse acquisition, a private operating entity may arrange for a public entity to acquire its equity interests in exchange for the equity interests of the public entity. In this situation, the public entity is the legal acquirer because it issued its equity interests, and the private entity is the legal acquiree because its equity interests were acquired. However, application of the guidance in ASC 805-10-55-11 through 55-15 results in identifying: (a) The public entity as the acquire for accounting purposes (the accounting acquiree); and (b) the private entity as the acquirer for accounting purposes (the accounting acquirer).

Measuring the consideration transferred

Pursuant to ASC 805-40-30-2 and 30-3 in a reverse acquisition, the accounting acquirer usually issues no consideration for the acquiree. Instead, the accounting acquiree usually issues its equity shares to the owners of the accounting acquirer. Accordingly, the acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred by the accounting acquirer for its interest in the accounting acquiree is based on the number of equity interests the legal subsidiary would have had to issue to give the owners of the legal parent the same percentage equity interest in the combined entity that results from the reverse acquisition. The fair value of the number of equity interests calculated in that way can be used as the fair value of consideration transferred in exchange for the acquiree. The assets and liabilities of the legal acquiree are measured and recognized in the consolidated financial statements at their pre-combination carrying amounts (see ASC 805-40-45-2(a)).

Presentation of consolidated financial statements post reverse acquisition

Pursuant to ASC 805-40-45-1 and 45-2, consolidated financial statements following a reverse acquisition are issued under the name of the legal parent (accounting acquiree) but described in the notes as a continuation of the financial statements of the legal subsidiary (accounting acquirer), with one adjustment, which is to retroactively adjust the accounting acquirer’s legal capital to reflect the legal capital of the accounting acquiree. That adjustment is required to reflect the capital of the legal parent (the accounting acquiree). Comparative information presented in those consolidated financial statements also is retroactively adjusted to reflect the legal capital of the legal parent (accounting acquiree). The consolidated financial statements reflect all of the following: (a) The assets and liabilities of the legal subsidiary (the accounting acquirer) recognized and measured at their pre-combination carrying amounts; (b) the assets and liabilities of the legal parent (the accounting acquiree) recognized and measured in accordance with the guidance in Topic 805 “Business Combinations”; (c) the retained earnings and other equity balances of the legal subsidiary (accounting acquirer) before the business combination; (d) the amount recognized as issued equity interests in the consolidated financial statements determined by adding the issued equity interest of the legal subsidiary (the accounting acquirer) outstanding immediately before the business combination to the fair value of the legal parent (accounting acquiree) determined in accordance with the guidance in this topic applicable to business combinations. However, the equity structure (that is, the number and type of equity interests issued) reflects the equity structure of the legal parent (the accounting acquiree), including the equity interests the legal parent issued to effect the combination.

Accordingly, the equity structure of the legal subsidiary (the accounting acquirer) is restated using the exchange ratio established in the acquisition agreement to reflect the number of shares of the legal parent (the accounting acquiree) issued in the reverse acquisition; and (e) the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the legal subsidiary’s (accounting acquirer’s) pre-combination carrying amounts of retained earnings and other equity interests as discussed in ASC 805-40-25-2 and 805-40-30-3.

Pursuant to ASC 805-40-45-4 and 45-5, in calculating the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator of the earnings-per-share (“EPS”) calculation) during the period in which the reverse acquisition occurs: (a) The number of common shares outstanding from the beginning of that period to the acquisition date shall be computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares of the legal acquiree (accounting acquirer) outstanding during the period multiplied by the exchange ratio established in the acquisition agreement; and (b) the number of common shares outstanding from the acquisition date to the end of that period shall be the actual number of common shares of the legal acquirer (the accounting acquiree) outstanding during that period.

	The basic EPS for each comparative period before the acquisition date presented in the consolidated financial statements following a reverse acquisition shall be calculated by dividing (a) by (b): (a) The income of the legal acquiree attributable to common shareholders in each of those periods; and (b) the legal acquiree’s historical weighted average number of common shares outstanding multiplied by the exchange ratio established in the acquisition agreement. As a result of the controlling financial interest of the former stockholders of AMBI, for financial statement reporting purposes, the asset acquisition has been treated as a reverse acquisition with AMBI deemed the accounting acquirer and the Company deemed the accounting acquire under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805-10-55 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The reverse acquisition is deemed a capital transaction and the net assets of AMBI (the accounting acquirer) are carried forward to the Company (the legal acquirer and the reporting entity) at their carrying value before the acquisition. The acquisition process utilizes the capital structure of the Company and the assets and liabilities of AMBI which are recorded at their historical cost. The equity of the Company is the historical equity of AMBI. These consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, AM Biosciences effective from the date of the reverse take—over transaction on September 10, 2019 and Allied Colombia (from the date of acquisition, February 18, 2020). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
r)	Recent accounting pronouncements
	The Company does not expect that recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended November 30, 2021, are of significance or potential significance to the Company.