Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is obligated under capital leases covering fleet vehicles and certain equipment, as well as certain facilities. The fleet vehicles and equipment leases generally have terms ranging from three to six years and the facility leases have a remaining term of four to five years. The carrying value of property and equipment under capital leases was $17.2 million and $25.2 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $42.5 million and $37.1 million, respectively. Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included within depreciation expense or cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company also has noncancelable operating leases, primarily for buildings, improvements and equipment. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from one to five years and may require the Company to pay executory costs such as property taxes, maintenance and insurance.

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum capital lease payments as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:



(in thousands)	Capital Leases			Operating Leases
2019	$	7,245		$	30,431
2020	5,599			24,210
2021	2,356			21,551
2022	873			17,908
2023	660			14,607
Thereafter	—			34,279
	16,733			$	142,986	(a)
Less: Amounts representing interest	(1,227		)
Total obligation under capital leases	15,506
Less: Current portion of capital lease obligation	(6,661		)
Long-term capital lease obligation	$	8,845

(a) Minimum operating lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $0.1 million due in the future under noncancelable subleases.

Total rent expense under operating leases, excluding short-term rentals, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $32.2 million, $30.5 million and $29.3 million, respectively, which are included in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations, depending on the type of operations undertaken by the related facility or asset. Future payments for certain leases will be adjusted based on increases in the consumer price index.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had purchase commitments totaling $31.6 million related primarily to vehicles and certain IT equipment, which are enforceable and legally binding on the Company.

From time to time, various claims, legal proceedings and litigation are asserted or commenced against the Company principally arising from alleged product liability, warranty, casualty, construction defect, contract, tort, employment and other disputes. In determining loss contingencies, management considers the likelihood of loss as well as the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of such loss or liability. An estimated loss is recorded when it is considered probable that such a liability has been incurred and when the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. It is not certain that the Company will prevail in these matters. However, the Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any pending matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company has accrued $3.0 million in relation to pending litigation that was recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in its statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2017.