Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of BMC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and bases its estimates on historical experience, current conditions and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. The significant estimates which could change by a material amount in the near term include revenue recognition for construction services, accounts receivable reserves, estimated losses on uncompleted contracts and changes in contract estimates, inventory reserves, supplier rebates, goodwill impairment, impairment of property and equipment, insurance reserves, warranties and share-based compensation. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Business and credit concentrations

The Company maintains cash at financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. Accounts receivable potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk. Mitigating this credit risk is collateral underlying certain accounts receivable (perfected liens or lien rights) as well as the Company’s analysis of a customer’s credit history prior to extending credit. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the Company’s large number of customers and their dispersion across various regions of the United States. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, no customer represented more than 10% of accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, no customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue.

The Company’s future results could be adversely affected by a number of factors including competitive pressure on sales and pricing, weather conditions, consumer spending and debt levels, interest rates, existing residential home sales and new home construction, lumber prices and product mix.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the time of purchase.

Book overdrafts occur when purchases on corporate purchasing cards and checks written exceed available bank balances at a specific bank, despite there being cash at the Company's other financial institutions. For accounting purposes, the Company reclassifies these book overdrafts to accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheets. Book overdrafts included in accounts payable were $0.2 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Restricted assets

Historically, the Company had restricted assets, which related to amounts deposited in a separate bank account to collateralize letters of credit related to insurance claims for periods prior to January 2010. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company was able to release the majority of these amounts into unrestricted cash as a result of reductions in claims and the transfer of the risk of loss of certain claims to a reinsurer. In connection with the senior secured credit agreement entered into on December 1, 2015 with Wells Fargo Capital Finance, described elsewhere in this document, the Company was able to release the remaining cash collateral into unrestricted cash.

Fair value of financial instruments

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:



Level 1		Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2		Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3		Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

If a financial instrument uses inputs that fall in different levels of the hierarchy, the instrument is categorized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value calculation.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable result from the extending of credit to trade customers for the purchase of goods and services. The terms generally provide for payment within 30 days of being invoiced. On occasion, when necessary to compete in certain circumstances, the Company will sell product under extended payment terms. Accounts receivable are stated at estimated net realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on an assessment of individual past due accounts, historical write-off experience, accounts receivable aging, customer disputes and the business environment. Account balances are charged off when the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company grants trade discounts on a percentage basis. The Company records an allowance against accounts receivable for the amount of discounts it estimates will be taken by customers. The discounts are recorded as a reduction to revenue when products are sold.

Consideration received from suppliers

The Company enters into agreements with many of its suppliers providing for inventory purchase rebates (“supplier rebates”) upon achievement of specified volume purchasing levels. Supplier rebates are accrued as part of cost of goods sold based on progress towards earning the supplier rebates, taking into consideration cumulative purchases of inventory to date and projected purchases through the end of the year. The Company estimates the rebates applicable to inventory on-hand at each period end based on the estimated percentage of supplier rebates to be earned. Total rebates receivable at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are $21.4 million and $13.7 million, respectively, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue for sales of building products when products are delivered and the customer takes ownership and assumes risk of loss, collection of the relevant receivable is reasonably assured, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and the sales price is fixed or determinable. All sales recognized are net of allowances for discounts and estimated returns, based on historical experience. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are directly imposed on our revenue-producing transactions are excluded from sales.

The percentage-of-completion method is used to recognize revenue for construction services. Periodic estimates of progress towards completion are made based on either a comparison of labor costs incurred to date with total estimated contract labor costs or total costs incurred to date with total estimated contract costs. The percentage-of-completion method requires the use of various estimates, including among others, the extent of progress towards completion, contract revenues and contract completion costs. Contract revenues and contract costs to be recognized are dependent on the accuracy of estimates, including quantities of materials, labor productivity and other cost estimates. The Company has a history of making reasonable estimates of the extent of progress towards completion, contract revenues and contract completion costs. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is possible that actual contract revenues and completion costs may vary from estimates. Revenue recognized using the percentage-of-completion method for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 represented approximately 94%, 92% and 94% of the total revenue for construction services for the respective periods.

Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts and changes in contract estimates reflect the Company's best estimate of probable losses of unbilled receivables, and are recognized in the period such revisions are known and can be reasonably estimated. These estimates are recognized in cost of sales. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts and changes in contract estimates are established by assessing estimated costs to complete, change orders and claims for uncompleted contracts. Assumptions for estimated costs to complete include material prices, labor costs, labor productivity and contract claims. Such estimates are inherently uncertain and therefore it is possible that actual completion costs may vary from these estimates.

Shipping and handling costs

The Company includes shipping and handling costs in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Shipping and handling costs were $152.7 million, $81.6 million and $60.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for renewals and betterments, which extend the useful lives of assets, are capitalized while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment obtained through acquisition are stated at estimated fair market value as of the acquisition date, and are depreciated over their estimated remaining useful lives, which may differ from our stated policies for certain assets. Gains and losses related to the sale of property and equipment are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method and are generally depreciated over the following estimated service lives:



Buildings and improvements		10–30 years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of life of the asset or remaining
		lease term, and not to exceed 15 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		2–10 years
Vehicles		4–10 years

Property and equipment that is expected to be sold within the next twelve months, is actively marketed in its current condition for a price that is reasonable in comparison to its estimated fair value and meets other relevant held-for-sale criteria are classified as assets held for sale. Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and are no longer depreciated. An impairment for assets held for sale is recognized if the carrying amount is not recoverable. Assets held for sale were not presented separately and were classified as other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets and were $2.0 million and $0 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

At least annually, or more frequently as changes in circumstances indicate, the Company tests goodwill for impairment. To the extent that the carrying value of the net assets of any of the reporting units having goodwill is greater than their estimated fair value, the Company may be required to record impairment charges. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we have determined that our reporting units are equivalent to our six operating segments, which are the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Texas, Intermountain, Western and Mountain West divisions. Beginning January 1, 2017, the Company will have five reporting units after the Company realigned certain of its markets, which resulted in the consolidation of the Mountain West division into the Intermountain division. After this realignment, the Company will continue to have one reportable segment. The Company is required to make certain assumptions and estimates regarding the fair value of the reporting units containing goodwill when assessing for impairment. Changes in the fact patterns underlying such assumptions and estimates could ultimately result in the recognition of additional impairment losses.

We complete our annual impairment assessment during the third quarter of each year. We did not recognize any impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. We may consider qualitative factors as part of our annual impairment assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value. If our qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill impairment is more likely than not, we perform the two-step impairment test. Alternatively, we may bypass the qualitative test and initiate goodwill impairment testing with the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. During the first step of the goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. We may derive a reporting unit's fair value through a combination of the market approach (a guideline transaction method) and the income approach. The income approach uses a reporting unit’s projection of estimated future cash flows that is discounted at a market derived weighted average cost of capital. The projection uses management’s best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period including growth rates in sales, costs, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins and cash expenditures.

If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, then we conclude no goodwill impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure possible goodwill impairment loss. During the second step, the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is compared to the carrying value of its goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, we would recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill.

Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their weighted average amortization period unless they are determined to be indefinite. Acquired intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. For intangible assets purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish the carrying value. The fair value of acquired intangible assets is determined using common valuation techniques, and the Company employs assumptions developed using the perspective of a market participant.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For impairment testing of long-lived assets, the Company identifies asset groups at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.

Merger and integration costs

Merger and integration costs related to the ongoing integration of BMHC and SBS consist primarily of severance, system integration costs and professional fees.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which requires an asset and liability approach for measuring deferred taxes based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities existing at each balance sheet date using enacted tax rates for years in which taxes are expected to be paid or recovered.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. In accordance with ASC 740, the Company assesses whether a valuation allowance should be established based on its determination of whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends primarily on: (i) the Company's ability to carry back net operating losses to tax years where it has previously paid income taxes based on applicable federal law; (ii) the timing of the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and (iii) the Company's ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets are deductible. The assessment of a valuation allowance includes giving appropriate consideration to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax asset. This assessment considers, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the Company's experience with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards not expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. Significant judgment is required in determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements and/or tax returns. Actual outcomes of these future tax consequences could differ materially from the outcomes that the Company currently anticipates.

ASC 740 defines the methodology for recognizing the benefits of uncertain tax return positions as well as guidance regarding the measurement of the resulting tax benefits. These provisions require an enterprise to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, which is defined as a likelihood of more than 50%, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The evaluation of whether a tax position meets the more likely than not recognition threshold requires a substantial degree of judgment by management based on the individual facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from estimates. The Company had no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2016. The Company recognized a liability of $3.0 million for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2015, which is included in income taxes receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities and unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Casualty and health insurance

The Company carries insurance for general liability, auto liability and workers' compensation exposures subject to deductibles or self-insured retentions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, and the Company self-insures for employee and eligible dependent health care claims, with insurance purchased from independent carriers to cover individual claims in excess of the self-insured limits. The expected liability for unpaid claims, including incurred but not reported losses, is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as a liability with current and long-term components. The amount recoverable from insurance providers is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Provisions for losses are developed from actuarial valuations that rely upon the Company’s past claims experience, which considers both the frequency and settlement of claims. The casualty and health insurance liabilities are recorded at their undiscounted value.

In January 2015, the Company entered into a retroactive reinsurance contract to transfer the risk of loss of certain insurance reserves for workers’ compensation claims incurred from 2006 to 2011 to a reinsurer. As a part of the contract, the Company paid $11.1 million to the reinsurer to assume $8.3 million of insurance reserves. The $2.8 million difference between the amount paid to the reinsurer and the reserves transferred was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015. Pursuant to the reinsurance contract, the reinsurer is obligated to pay an aggregate maximum of $17.5 million for these claims with any excess borne by the Company.

The Company maintains the insurance reserves related to these claims as a liability on its consolidated balance sheet with an offsetting reinsurance receivable, which includes current and long-term components. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying value of the insurance reserves related to these claims and the offsetting reinsurance receivable was $5.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively. Changes in these claims are recorded as an increase or decrease in the insurance reserves and corresponding increase or decrease in the reinsurance receivable. Additionally, the Company monitors the financial condition of the reinsurer to minimize its exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvency.

Retirement savings program

The Company sponsors a defined contribution retirement savings plan. The Company has recorded expense of $4.6 million, $2.4 million and $1.6 million related to employer contributions for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These expenses are recorded to either selling, general and administrative expenses or cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations, depending on the classification of the employee.

Lease obligations

The Company recognizes lease obligations with fixed escalations of rental payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with the amount of rental expense in excess of lease payments recorded as a deferred rent liability. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had a deferred rent liability of $3.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising and promotion

Costs associated with advertising and promoting products and services are expensed in the period incurred. Cooperative advertising allowances that are reimbursement of specific, incremental and identifiable costs incurred to promote vendors' products are recorded as an offset against advertising expenses in selling, general and administrative expenses. If those conditions are not met, the cooperative advertising allowances are recorded as a reduction in inventory and a subsequent reduction in cost of goods sold when the related product is sold. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded $3.7 million of advertising and promotion expenses, net of cooperative advertising allowances, in selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising and promotion expenses, net of cooperative advertising allowances, were not material for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Stock-based compensation

In accordance with the requirements of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), the Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees using a fair value based pricing model. The compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period.

Exit or disposal costs

The Company accounts for costs associated with exit or disposal in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), which requires that: (i) liabilities associated with exit and disposal activities be measured at fair value; (ii) one-time termination benefits be expensed at the date the entity notifies the employee, unless the employee must provide future service, in which case the benefits are expensed ratably over the future service period; (iii) liabilities related to an operating lease/contract be recognized and measured at its fair value when the contract does not have any future economic benefit to the entity (i.e., the entity ceases to utilize the rights conveyed by the contract) and (iv) all other costs related to an exit or disposal activity be expensed as incurred.

Debt issuance costs

Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving line of credit and senior secured notes are capitalized and amortized over the term of the agreement. Total debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $9.8 million and $9.5 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As a result of the Company's adoption of ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 (as defined below) during the year ended December 31, 2016, debt issuance costs related to the Company's revolving line of credit and senior secured notes are included in other long-term assets and long-term debt, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of debt issuance costs for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $3.1 million, $2.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively, and is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

Derivatives

The Company will occasionally enter into derivative instruments to offset existing or expected risks associated with fluctuations in commodity prices. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the Company’s balance sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges or that do not meet the hedge accounting criteria are reported in earnings. The Company elected not to designate any new derivative instruments as hedges for the years 2016, 2015 or 2014, and therefore, all changes in the fair market value of the derivative instruments have been reported in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations.

Warranty expense

The Company has warranty obligations with respect to most manufactured products. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had warranty liabilities of $1.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is equal to the net income (loss) for all periods presented.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of debt discounts, instead of as an asset. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-15, Interest - Imputation of Interest: Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting (“ASU 2015-15”). ASU 2015-15 clarifies the treatment of debt issuance costs for line-of-credit arrangements, which was not addressed in ASU 2015-03, by indicating that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs related to a line-of-credit arrangement as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of such arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 became effective for the Company’s annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2016. ASU 2015-03 is required to be applied retrospectively, wherein the balance sheet of each individual period presented should be adjusted to reflect the period-specific effects of the new guidance. Accordingly, unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Company’s senior secured notes of $6.5 million as of December 31, 2016 have been presented as a direct deduction of long-term debt and unamortized debt issuance costs related to the senior secured notes of $4.9 million as of December 31, 2015 have been reclassified from non-current assets to a direct deduction of long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving line of credit of $3.3 million and $4.6 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, are reflected in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets as permitted by ASU 2015-15.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which involves several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including (1) recognition of all income tax benefits and deficiencies related to exercised or vested awards in income tax expense, (2) classification of excess tax benefits as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows, (3) the ability of companies to make a policy election as to either estimate forfeitures or account for forfeitures as they occur, (4) stipulation that partial cash settlement for tax-withholding purposes would not result, by itself, in liability classification provided the amount withheld does not exceed the maximum statutory rate for an employee in the applicable jurisdictions and (5) clarification that cash paid by an employer to a taxing authority when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. For each provision, the standard indicates whether the provision should be adopted on a retrospective, prospective or modified retrospective basis. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, however, early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this standard during the first quarter of 2016. No provisions that required retrospective or modified retrospective application had a material impact on our financial statements. The Company has made a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company has also elected to apply the guidance related to classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows prospectively, and therefore prior periods have not been adjusted.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU 2014-15 defines management's responsibility in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. Certain footnote disclosures are required if substantial doubt exists. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of the guidance did not have an impact on our financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance within Accounting Standards Update 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Principal versus Agent Considerations (“ASU 2016-08") issued in March 2016, Accounting Standards Update 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”) issued in April 2016, Accounting Standards Update 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (“ASU 2016-12”) issued in May 2016 and Accounting Standards Update 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2016-20") issued in December 2016 (ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 collectively “Topic 606”). Topic 606 provides a comprehensive revenue recognition model requiring companies to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In July 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year, and therefore the standard is effective for the Company’s annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2018. The guidance permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the standard on our financial statements, including which transition method to use, but based on our preliminary assessment, we believe that contracts with a service element may be impacted. We expect to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018.

In July 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”). ASU 2015-11 requires that inventory within the scope of the guidance be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Prior to the issuance of the standard, inventory was measured at the lower of cost or market, where market was defined as replacement cost, with a ceiling of net realizable value and floor of net realizable value less a normal profit margin. Inventory measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) and the retail inventory method are not impacted by the new guidance. Prospective application is required and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2015-11 is effective for the Company’s annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2017. The adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company’s annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard on our financial statements. As a lessee, certain of our various leases under existing guidance are classified as operating leases that are not recorded on the balance sheet but are recorded in the statement of operations as expense is incurred. Upon adoption of the standard, we will be required to record substantially all leases on the balance sheet as a ROU asset and a lease liability. The timing of expense recognition and classification in the statement of operations could change based on the classification of leases as either operating or financing.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 was issued to decrease the diversity in practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows by providing guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company’s annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted and retrospective application required. We are evaluating the impact of the standard on our financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18"). ASU 2016-18 requires that the statement of cash flows include restricted cash in the beginning and end-of-period total amounts shown and that the statement of cash flows explain the changes in restricted cash during the period. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2018. Retrospective application is required and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business ("ASU 2017-01"). ASU 2017-01 provides guidance in determining when a set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. ASU 2017-01 is effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2018. Early application is permitted for transactions meeting certain criteria and prospective application is required. The adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires computation of the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill. The amount of a goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for the Company's annual goodwill impairment test and any interim tests during the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Prospective application is required. The adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Adjustment

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded an out-of-period expense of approximately $0.7 million in selling, general and administrative costs and a corresponding increase to accrued expenses and other liabilities to correct an error in the calculation of deferred rent. The Company has determined the adjustment is not material to the current period or any previously issued financial statements.