Commitments and Contingencies

From time-to-time, the Company is involved in various legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and legal proceedings are of a nature that we believe are normal and incidental to a homebuilder. We make provisions for loss contingencies when they are probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are assessed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. In view of the inherent unpredictability of litigation, we generally cannot predict their ultimate resolution, related timing or eventual loss. At this time, we do not believe that our loss contingencies, individually or in the aggregate, are material to our consolidated financial statements.

As an owner and developer of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. The Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of real estate in the vicinity of the Company’s real estate and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the real estate could result in future environmental liabilities.

The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of LTV maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. The Company has also entered into agreements with its partners in each of the unconsolidated joint ventures whereby the Company and its partners are apportioned liability under the LTV maintenance agreements according to their respective capital interest. In addition, the agreements provide the Company, to the extent its partner has an unpaid liability under such credit enhancements, the right to receive distributions from the unconsolidated joint venture that would otherwise be made to the partner. However, there is no guarantee that such distributions will be made or will be sufficient to cover the Company's liability under such LTV maintenance agreements. The loans underlying the LTV maintenance agreements comprise acquisition and development loans, construction revolvers and model home loans, and the agreements remain in force until the loans are satisfied. Due to the nature of the loans, the outstanding balance at any given time is subject to a number of factors including the status of site improvements, the mix of horizontal and vertical development underway, the timing of phase build outs, and the period necessary to complete the escrow process for homebuyers. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $35.2 million and $41.3 million, respectively, was outstanding under loans that are credit enhanced by the Company through LTV maintenance agreements. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company's proportionate share of LTV maintenance agreement liabilities was $6.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. If there are not adequate funds available under the specific project loans, the Company would then be subject to financial liability under such completion agreements. Typically, under such terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company has the right to apportion the respective share of any costs funded under such completion agreements to its partners. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to recover against our partners for such amounts owed to us under the terms of such joint venture agreements. In connection with joint venture borrowings, the Company also selectively provides (a) an environmental indemnity provided to the lender that holds the lender harmless from and against losses arising from the discharge of hazardous materials from the property and non-compliance with applicable environmental laws; and (b) indemnification of the lender from "bad boy acts" of the unconsolidated entity such as fraud, misrepresentation, misapplication or non-payment of rents, profits, insurance, and condemnation proceeds, waste and mechanic liens, and bankruptcy.

We obtain surety bonds in the normal course of business to ensure completion of certain infrastructure improvements of our projects. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding surety bonds totaling $54.1 million and $50.5 million, respectively. The estimated remaining costs to complete of such improvements as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $23.8 million and $20.3 million, respectively. The beneficiaries of the bonds are various municipalities and other organizations. In the event that any such surety bond issued by a third party is called because the required improvements are not completed, the Company could be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the bond.

The Company accounts for contracts deemed to contain a lease under ASC 842. At the inception of a lease, or if a lease is subsequently modified, we determine whether the lease is an operating or financing lease. Our lease population is fully comprised of operating leases and includes leases for certain office space and equipment for use in our operations. For all leases with an expected term that exceeds one year, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The depreciable lives of right-of-use assets are limited to the expected term which would include any renewal options we expect to exercise. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at our discretion and we expect that in the normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by other leases. Our lease payments do not contain variable payments, any residual value guarantees, or material restrictive covenants. Right-of-use assets are included in other assets and lease liabilities are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities within our condensed consolidated balance sheets and total $2.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, at March 31, 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, lease costs and cash flow information for leases with terms in excess of one year was as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Lease cost:
Lease costs included in general and administrative expenses	$	355
Lease costs included in real estate inventories	162
Lease costs included in selling and marketing expenses	17
Net lease cost ⁽¹⁾	$	534

Other Information:
Lease cash flows (included in operating cash flows)⁽¹⁾	$	490

(1) Does not include the cost of short-term leases with terms of less than one year which totaled approximately $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 or the benefit from a sublease agreement of one of our office spaces which totaled approximately $49,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Future minimum lease payments under our operating leases are as follows (dollars in thousands):



Remaining for 2019	$	1,449
2020	1,511
2021	384
2022	10
2023	3
Thereafter	—
Total lease payments⁽¹⁾	$	3,357
Less: Interest⁽²⁾	161
Present value of lease liabilities⁽³⁾	$	3,196

(1) Lease payments include options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.


(2)	Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, we must estimate our discount rate for such leases to determine the present value of lease payments at the lease commencement date. There were no legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at March 31, 2019.

(3) The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate used in calculating our lease liabilities were 2.2 years and 5.2%, respectively at March 31, 2019.