GAAP requires us to identify entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights and to determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). ASC 810 broadly defines a VIE as an entity in which either (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of such entity that most significantly impact such entity’s economic performance or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. We identify

the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both of the following characteristics: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the entity. We consolidate our investment in a VIE when we determine that we are the VIE’s primary beneficiary. We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affect the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. We perform this analysis on an ongoing basis.

For property holding entities not determined to be VIEs, we consolidate such entities in which the Operating Partnership owns 100% of the equity or has a controlling financial interest evidenced by ownership of a majority voting interest. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. For entities in which the Operating Partnership owns less than 100% of the equity interest, the Operating Partnership consolidates the property if it has the direct or indirect ability to control the entities’ activities based upon the terms of the respective entities’ ownership agreements. For these entities, the Operating Partnership records a noncontrolling interest representing equity held by noncontrolling interests.

Operating Partnership: Net income or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests (limited partners) based on their respective ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests by the total OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests and the Trust. Issuance of additional common shares and OP Units changes the ownership interests of both the noncontrolling interests and the Trust. Such transactions and the related proceeds are treated as capital transactions.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Operating Partnership partially funded one property acquisition by issuing an aggregate of 2,247,817 OP Units valued at approximately $44.3 million on the date of issuance. The acquisition had a total purchase price of approximately $78.6 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Operating Partnership funded the acquisition of the remaining non-controlling interest on a property by issuing an aggregate of 38,641 OP Units valued at approximately $0.7 million.

Noncontrolling interests in the Company include OP Units held by other investors. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Trust held a 97.2% and 97.1% interest in the Operating Partnership, respectively. As the sole general partner and the majority interest holder, the Trust consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership.

Holders of OP Units may not transfer their units without the Trust’s prior written consent, as general partner of the Operating Partnership. Beginning on the first anniversary of the issuance of OP Units, OP Unit holders may tender their units for redemption by the Operating Partnership in exchange for cash equal to the market price of the Trust’s common shares at the time of redemption or for unregistered common shares on a one-for-one basis. Such selection to pay cash or issue common shares to satisfy an OP Unit holder’s redemption request is solely within the control of the Trust. Accordingly, the Trust presents the OP Units of the Operating Partnership held by investors other than the Trust as noncontrolling interests within equity in the consolidated balance sheets.

Partially Owned Properties: The Trust and Operating Partnership reflect noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties on the balance sheet for the portion of consolidated properties that are not wholly owned by the Company. The earnings or losses from those properties attributable to the noncontrolling interests are reflected as noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties in the consolidated statements of income.

On February 5, 2015, the Trust entered into a Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”) which provides for the designation and issuance of the newly designated Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units of the Operating Partnership (“Series A Preferred Units”). Series A Preferred Units have priority over all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation. Holders of Series A Preferred Units are entitled to a 5% cumulative return and upon redemption, the receipt of one common share and $200. The holders of the Series A Preferred Units have agreed not to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their Series A Preferred Units prior to one year from the issuance date. In addition, Series A Preferred Units are redeemable at the option of the holders

which redemption obligation may be satisfied, at the Trust’s option, in cash or registered common shares. Instruments that require settlement in registered common shares may not be classified in permanent equity as it is not always completely within an issuer’s control to deliver registered common shares. Due to the redemption rights associated with the Series A Preferred Units, the Company classifies the Series A Preferred Units in the mezzanine section of its consolidated balance sheets.

The Series A Preferred Units were evaluated for embedded features that should be bifurcated and separately accounted for as a freestanding derivative. The Company determined that the Series A Preferred Units contained features that require bifurcation. The Company records the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests, less the value of the embedded derivative, at the greater of the carrying value or redemption value in the consolidated balance sheets.

On January 9, 2018, the acquisition of the HealthEast Clinic & Specialty Center (“Hazelwood Medical Commons”) was partially funded with the issuance of 104,172 Series A Preferred Units, with a value of $22.7 million. As of December 31, 2018, the value of the embedded derivative is $3.7 million and is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the acquisition of a medical office portfolio in Minnesota (the “Minnesota portfolio”), the Trust received a $5 million equity investment from a third party, effective March 1, 2015. On March 1, 2018, the equity investment was redeemed for $6.4 million. At any point subsequent to the third anniversary of the investment, the holder could require the Trust to redeem the instrument. Due to the redemption provision, which was outside of the control of the Trust, the Trust classified the investment in the mezzanine section of its consolidated balance sheets. The Trust recorded the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of the carrying value or redemption value.

In connection with the December 29, 2015 acquisition of a medical office building located on the campus of the Great Falls Clinic and Hospital in Great Falls, Montana, physicians affiliated with the seller retained a noncontrolling interest which may, at the holders’ option, be redeemed at any time. Due to the redemption provision, which is outside of the control of the Trust, the Trust classifies the investment in the mezzanine section of its consolidated balance sheets. The Trust records the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of the carrying value or redemption value.



Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Cash Dividend per Share/Unit
December 21, 2018	January 4, 2019	January 18, 2019	$	0.230
September 19, 2018	October 3, 2018	October 18, 2018	$	0.230
June 21, 2018	July 3, 2018	July 18, 2018	$	0.230
March 23, 2018	April 3, 2018	April 18, 2018	$	0.230
December 21, 2017	January 3, 2018	January 18, 2018	$	0.230
September 21, 2017	October 3, 2017	October 18, 2017	$	0.230
June 12, 2017	July 3, 2017	July 18, 2017	$	0.230
March 17, 2017	April 5, 2017	April 18, 2017	$	0.225
December 22, 2016	January 5, 2017	January 18, 2017	$	0.225
September 26, 2016	October 6, 2016	October 18, 2016	$	0.225
June 23, 2016	July 5, 2016	July 18, 2016	$	0.225
March 18, 2016	April 1, 2016	April 18, 2016	$	0.225

Our distributions of current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions in excess of these earnings and profits generally are treated as a non-taxable reduction of the shareholders’ basis in the shares to the extent thereof (non-dividend distributions) and thereafter as taxable gain.

Any cash distributions received by an OP Unit holder in respect of its OP Units generally will not be taxable to such OP Unit holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent that such distribution does not exceed the OP Unit holder’s basis in its OP Units. Any such distribution will instead reduce the OP Unit holder’s basis in its OP Units (and OP Unit holders will be subject to tax on the taxable income allocated to them by the Operating Partnership in respect of their OP Units when such income is earned by the Operating Partnership, with such income allocation increasing the OP Unit holders’ basis in their OP Units).



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Per common share and OP Unit:
Ordinary dividends	$	—	$	0.4529	$	0.5325
Section 199A Qualified REIT Dividend	0.2825		—		—
Qualified dividends	—		—		—
Capital gain distributions	—		—		—
Non-dividend distributions	0.6375		0.4571		0.3675
Total	$	0.9200	$	0.9100	$	0.9000

With the adoption of ASU 2017-01 in January 2018, our 2018 acquisitions of investment properties and the majority of our future investments will be accounted for as asset acquisitions, resulting in the purchase price inclusive of acquisition costs, for tangible and intangible assets and liabilities to be based on their relative fair values. Tangible assets primarily consist of land and buildings and improvements. Additionally, the purchase price includes acquisition related expenses, above- or below-market leases, in place leases, and above- or below-market debt assumed. Any future contingent consideration will be recorded when the contingency is resolved. The determination of the fair value requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions.

The determination of fair value involves the use of significant judgment and estimation. The Company makes estimates of the fair value of the tangible and intangible acquired assets and assumed liabilities using information obtained from multiple sources as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence and generally includes the assistance of a third party appraiser. The Company estimates the fair value of an acquired asset on an “as-if-vacant” basis and its value is depreciated in equal amounts over the course of its estimated remaining useful life. The Company determines the allocated value of other fixed assets, such as site improvements, based upon the replacement cost and depreciates such value over the assets’ estimated remaining useful lives as determined at the applicable acquisition date. The fair value of land is determined either by considering the sales prices of similar properties in recent transactions or based on an internal analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties within the Company’s portfolio.

The value of above- or below-market leases is estimated based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflected the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the leases and management’s estimate of market lease rates measured over a period equal to the estimated remaining term of the lease. The capitalized above-market or below-market lease intangibles are amortized as a reduction or addition to rental income over the estimated remaining term of the respective leases plus the term of any renewal options that the lessee would be economically compelled to exercise.

In determining the value of in-place leases, management considers current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases in arriving at an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up period from vacant to existing occupancy. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance, other operating expenses, estimates

of lost rental revenue during the expected lease-up periods, and costs to execute similar leases, including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal, and other related costs based on current market demand. The values assigned to in-place leases are amortized to amortization expense over the estimated remaining term of the lease. If a lease terminates prior to its scheduled expiration, all unamortized costs related to that lease are written off, net of any required lease termination payments.

The Company calculates the fair value of any long-term debt assumed by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows on each instrument at the current market rate for those borrowings, which the Company approximates based on the rate it would expect to incur on a replacement instrument on the date of acquisition, and recognizes any fair value adjustments related to long-term debt as effective yield adjustments over the remaining term of the instrument.

The Company periodically evaluates its long-lived assets, primarily consisting of investments in real estate, for impairment indicators or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of the related real estate properties in relation to the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the underlying operations. In performing this evaluation, management considers market conditions and current intentions with respect to holding or disposing of the real estate property. The Company adjusts the net book value of real estate properties to fair value if the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows, including sales proceeds, is less than book value. The Company recognizes an impairment loss at the time it makes any such determination. If the Company determines that an asset is impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is typically determined using a discounted future cash flow analysis or other acceptable valuation techniques which are based, in turn, upon Level 3 inputs, such as revenue and expense growth rates, capitalization rates, discount rates, or other available market data.

The Company may sell properties from time to time for various reasons, including favorable market conditions. The Company classifies certain long-lived assets as held for sale once the criteria, as defined by GAAP, has been met. The Company classifies a real estate property, or portfolio, as held for sale when: (i) management has approved the disposal, (ii) the property is available for sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated, (iv) it is probable that the property will be disposed of within one year, (v) the property is being marketed at a reasonable price relative to its fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will significantly change or be withdrawn. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation or amortization is recorded on the assets and the assets are written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value, less cost to sell. No properties were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018 or 2017, and dispositions during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 did not qualify as discontinued operations.

The Company reports investments in unconsolidated entities over whose operating and financial policies it has the ability to exercise significant influence under the equity method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses is included in its consolidated statements of income. The initial carrying value of investments in unconsolidated entities is based on the amount paid to purchase the equity interest.

Real estate loans receivable consists of 10 mezzanine loans and 1 term loan. Generally, each mezzanine loan is collateralized by an ownership interest in the respective borrower, while the term loan is secured by a mortgage of a related medical office building. Interest income on the loans are recognized as earned based on the terms of the loans subject to evaluation of collectability risks, and is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the collectability of its loan portfolio, including related interest income receivable, and establishes a reserve for loan losses, if necessary. No such losses have been recognized to date.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and short-term investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Company is subject to concentrations of credit risk as a result of its temporary cash investments. The Company places its temporary cash investments with high credit quality financial institutions in order to mitigate that risk.

Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured. Recognizing rental revenue on a straight-line basis for leases may result in recognizing revenue for amounts more or less than amounts currently due from tenants. Amounts recognized in excess of amounts currently due from tenants, net of related allowances, are included in other assets and were approximately $64.2 million and $47.6 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. If the Company determines that collectability of straight-line rents is not reasonably assured, the Company limits future recognition to amounts contractually owed and, where appropriate, establishes an allowance for estimated losses. Allowances recognized against straight-line rent were approximately $0.4 million and $4.9 million as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Rental revenue is adjusted by amortization of lease inducements and above- or below-market rents on certain leases. Lease inducements and above- or below-market rents are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the lease.

Expense recoveries relate to tenant reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses that are recognized as expense recovery revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred. The reimbursements are recorded gross, as the Company is generally the primary obligor with respect to real estate taxes and purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, has discretion in selecting the supplier, and bears the credit risk of tenant reimbursement.

When the Company has derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, it records them either as an asset or a liability measured at their fair value unless they qualify for a normal purchase or normal sale exception. When specific hedge accounting criteria are not met or if the Company does not elect to apply for hedge accounting, changes in the Company’s derivative instruments’ fair value are recognized currently in earnings. If hedge accounting is applied to a derivative instrument, such changes are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income within the consolidated statement of equity or capital, exclusive of ineffectiveness amounts, which are recognized as adjustments to net income.

To manage interest rate risk for certain of its variable-rate debt, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its risk management strategy. These derivatives are designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by providing a fixed interest rate for a limited, pre-determined period of time. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had five outstanding interest rate swap contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. For presentational purposes, they are shown as one derivative due to the identical nature of their economic terms. Further detail is provided in Note 7 (Derivatives).

The effective portion of the change in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) on the consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified into earnings as interest expense for the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The

The Trust elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal tax purposes commencing with the filing of its tax return for the short taxable year ending December 31, 2013. The Trust had no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, the Trust must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its shareholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Trust generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its shareholders. If the Trust fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Trust relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the Trust’s net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. However, the Trust intends to continue to operate in such a manner as to continue qualifying for treatment as a REIT. Although the Trust continues to qualify for taxation as a REIT, in various instances, the Trust is subject to state and local taxes on its income and property, and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. President signed a tax reform bill commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law. The tax reform legislation is a far-reaching and complex revision to the U.S. federal income tax laws with disparate and, in some cases, countervailing effects on different categories of taxpayers and industries. The legislation is unclear in many respects and will require clarification and interpretation by the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS in the form of amendments, technical corrections, regulations, or other forms of guidance, any of which could either lessen or increase the effect of the legislation on us or our stockholders. The outcome of this legislation on state and local tax authorities, and the response by such authorities, is also unclear. We continue to monitor changes made to, or as a result of, the federal tax law and its potential effect on us.

As discussed in Note 1 (Organization and Business), the Trust conducts substantially all of its operations through the Operating Partnership. As a partnership, the Operating Partnership generally is not liable for federal income taxes. The income and loss from the operations of the Operating Partnership is included in the tax returns of its partners, including the Trust, who are responsible for reporting their allocable share of the partnership income and loss. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Tenant accounts receivable are stated net of the applicable allowance. Rental payments under these contracts are primarily due monthly. The Company assesses the collectability of tenant receivables, including straight-line rent receivables, and defers recognition of revenue if collectability is not reasonably assured. The Company bases its assessment of the collectability of rent receivables on several factors, including, among other things, payment history, the financial strength of the tenant, and current economic conditions. If management’s evaluation of these factors indicates it is probable that the Company will be unable to recover the full value of the receivable, the Company provides a reserve against the portion of the receivable that it estimates may not be recovered. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported in the period. Significant estimates are made for the fair value assessments with respect to purchase price allocations, impairment assessments, and the valuation of financial instruments. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 on January 1, 2018. As such, the Company recorded all 2018 real estate investments and will record the majority of future real estate investments as asset acquisitions and any future contingent consideration will be recorded when the contingency is resolved. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recorded certain contingent liabilities which are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets. These were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date and until they expire, the Company reassesses the fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any changes being recognized in earnings.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which creates a new Topic, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach. Based on our assessment, we have identified all of our revenue streams and concluded rental income from leasing arrangements represents a substantial portion of our revenue. Income from leasing arrangements is specifically excluded from Topic 606 and will be evaluated with the anticipated adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases. Therefore, the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 was minimal on our current recognition and presentation of non-lease revenue.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The update amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The standard provides the option of a modified retrospective transition approach or a cumulative effect for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases, Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11"). ASU 2018-11 provides entities with a transition method option to not restate comparative periods presented, but to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In addition, ASU 2018-11 provides entities with a practical expedient allowing lessors to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components when certain criteria are met. ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. We expect to elect these practical expedients and adopt ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-02, the Company will recognize all of its operating leases for which it is the lessee, including ground, office, and equipment leases, on its consolidated balance sheets as a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset. We have detailed our future minimum lease obligations under non-cancelable leases in Note 12 (Rent Expense).

The Company currently expects that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in recognition of lease liabilities of approximately $64 million and a corresponding right-of-use asset based on the remaining minimum rental payments as of January 1, 2019. The right-of-use asset will be recognized based upon the amount of recognized lease liabilities, adjusted for prepaid lease payments, intangible assets, and right of use impairment charges. The Company has concluded that the initially recognized right of use asset will be approximately $9 million more than the lease liabilities recognized as of January 1, 2019.

The Company is finalizing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 and 2018-11 but has substantially completed the process of estimating the operating lease liabilities based on the remaining rental payments and the Company’s estimate of its incremental borrowing rate. The Company continues to monitor recent accounting pronouncements of the FASB and complete its final evaluation of the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11 on its disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which changes the impairment model for most financial instruments by requiring companies to recognize an allowance for expected losses, rather than incur losses as required currently by the other-than-temporary impairment model. ASU 2016-13 will apply to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g., loan commitments). ASU 2016-13 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We are currently assessing the potential effect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payment. ASU 2016-15 clarifies the guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows to reduce diversity in practice with respect to: (i) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (ii) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (iii) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (iv) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (v) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (vi) distributions received from equity method investees; (vii) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (viii) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 on January 1, 2018, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements and no adjustments made to prior periods.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, which will require companies to include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 will require disclosure of a reconciliation between the balance sheet and the statement of cash flows when the balance sheet includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents. An entity with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances will be required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. ASU 2016-18 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements and no adjustments made to prior periods.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. ASU 2017-01 states that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If this initial test is not met, a set cannot be considered a business unless it includes an acquired input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. In addition, ASU 2017-01 clarifies the requirements for a set of activities to be considered a business and narrows the definition of an output. This ASU is to be applied prospectively and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 on January 1, 2018 and as a result, have classified our real estate acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2018 as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations due to the fact that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired were concentrated in a single asset or group of similar identifiable assets. The Company has recorded identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests associated with any asset acquisitions at cost on a relative fair value basis and has capitalized transaction costs incurred.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 as of January 1, 2018 and there have not been, nor do we anticipate, any reclassification or material impacts on our consolidated financial statements as a result of this adoption.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which expands and refines hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. It also