INTERIM UPDATE TO SUMMARY SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	9 Months Ended
Oct. 28, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
INTERIM UPDATE TO SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	— INTERIM UPDATE TO SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The following interim update to the Company's significant accounting policies reflects the changes as a result of the EMC merger transaction. Principles of Consolidation — These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dell Technologies and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as the accounts of SecureWorks, VMware, and Pivotal Software Inc. ("Pivotal"), companies which are majority-owned by Dell Technologies. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. On April 27, 2016, SecureWorks completed a registered underwritten IPO of its Class A common stock. As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 87.5% of the outstanding equity interest in SecureWorks. Since the date of the IPO, the financial results of SecureWorks remain consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is the controlling stockholder of SecureWorks. The portion of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocable to its other owners is shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocable to its other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of SecureWorks attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 83.3% of the outstanding equity interest in VMware. VMware’s financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is VMware’s controlling stockholder. The results of VMware presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through October 28, 2016, the end of the third fiscal quarter of Dell Technologies. The portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to its other owners is shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to its other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of VMware attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of October 28, 2016. As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 77.4% of the outstanding equity interest in Pivotal. Pivotal’s financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is Pivotal’s controlling stockholder. The results of Pivotal presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through October 28, 2016, the end of the third fiscal quarter of Dell Technologies. A portion of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal is held by third parties in the form of a preferred equity instrument. Accordingly, there is no net income attributable to this non-controlling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The portion of the results of operations of Pivotal allocable to its other owners, whose interests are held in the form of common stock, and the interest in the net assets of Pivotal attributable to those other owners are shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders, and as component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of October 28, 2016, respectively. Investments — All debt security investments with remaining maturities in excess of one year and substantially all equity and other securities are recorded as long-term investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In comparison, debt security instruments with a remaining maturity shorter than one year are classified as short-term investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Unrealized gains and temporary loss positions on investments classified as available-for-sale are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of any related tax effect. Upon realization, those amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest and other, net. Realized gains and losses and other-than-temporary impairments are reflected in the consolidated income statement in interest and other, net. Investments accounted for under the cost method are measured at fair value initially. Subsequently, when there is an indicator of impairment, the impairment is recognized. Revenue Recognition — Net revenue primarily includes sales of hardware, services, software licenses, and peripherals. The Company recognizes revenue for these products and services when it is realized or realizable and earned. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the Company's fee to its customer is fixed or determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. This policy is applicable to all sales, including sales to resellers and end-users. Revenue from third-party software sales and extended warranties for third-party products, for which the Company does not meet the criteria for gross revenue recognition, is recognized on a net basis. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Services revenue and cost of services revenue captions in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) include the Company's services, third-party software revenue, and support services related to the Company-owned software offerings. The following summarizes the major terms of contractual relationships with customers and the manner in which the Company accounts for sales transactions. Products Product revenue consists of computer hardware, enterprise hardware, and software licenses sales that are delivered, sold as a subscription or sold on a consumption basis. Computer hardware and enterprise hardware include notebooks and desktop PCs, servers, storage hardware, and other hardware-related devices. Software license sales include optional, stand-alone software applications. Software applications provide customers with resource management, backup and archiving, information security, information management and intelligence, data analytics and server virtualization capabilities. Revenue from the sale of hardware products and systems is recognized when title and risk of loss pass to the customer. Delivery is considered complete when products have been shipped to the Company's customer, title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer, and customer acceptance has been satisfied. Customer acceptance is satisfied if acceptance is obtained from the customer, if all acceptance provisions lapse, or if the Company has evidence that all acceptance provisions have been satisfied. Depending on the nature of the arrangement, software license sales is generally recognized upon shipment or electronic delivery. For certain arrangements, revenue is recognized based on usage or ratably over the term of the arrangement. License revenue from royalty arrangements is recognized upon either receipt of royalty reports or payments from third parties. The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated customer sales returns, rebates, and certain other customer incentive programs. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined by historical experience, contractual terms, and current conditions. The primary factors affecting the Company's accrual for estimated customer returns include estimated return rates as well as the number of units shipped that have a right of return that has not expired as of the balance sheet date. If returns cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until a reliable estimate can be made or the return right lapses. The Company sells its products directly to customers as well as through other distribution channels, such as retailers, distributors, and resellers. The Company recognizes revenue on these sales when the reseller has economic substance apart from the Company; any credit risk has been identified and quantified; title and risk of loss have passed to the sales channel; the fee paid to the Company is not contingent upon resale or payment by the end user; and the Company has no further obligations related to bringing about resale or delivery. Sales through the Company's distribution channels are primarily made under agreements allowing for limited rights of return, price protection, rebates, and marketing development funds. The Company has generally limited return rights through contractual caps or has an established selling history for these arrangements. Therefore, there is sufficient data to establish reasonable and reliable estimates of returns for the majority of these sales. To the extent price protection or return rights are not limited and a reliable estimate cannot be made, all of the revenue and related costs are deferred until the product has been sold to the end-user or the rights expire. The Company records estimated reductions to revenue or an expense for distribution channel programs at the later of the offer or the time revenue is recognized. The Company defers the cost of shipped products awaiting revenue recognition until revenue is recognized. Services Services revenue consists of hardware and software maintenance, installation services, professional services, training revenue, third-party software revenue, and software sold as a service. The Company recognizes revenue from fixed-price support or maintenance contracts sold for both hardware and software ratably over the contract period and recognizes the costs associated with these contracts as incurred. For sales of extended warranties with a separate contract price, the Company defers revenue equal to the separately stated price. Revenue associated with undelivered elements is deferred and recorded when delivery occurs or services are provided. Revenue from extended warranty and service contracts, for which the Company is obligated to perform, is recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized over the term of the contract on a straight-line basis or when the service is completed and the costs associated with these contracts are recognized as incurred. Multiple Deliverables When an arrangement has more than one element, such as hardware, software, and services contained in a single arrangement, the Company first allocates revenue based upon the relative selling price into two categories: (1) non-software components, such as hardware and any hardware-related items, such as required system software that functions with the hardware to deliver the essential functionality of the hardware and related post-contract customer support, software as a service subscriptions and other services; and (2) software components, such as optional software applications and related items, such as post-contract customer support and other services. The Company then allocates revenue within the non-software category to each element based upon its relative selling price using a hierarchy of vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”), or estimated selling prices (“ESP”), if VSOE or TPE does not exist. The Company allocates revenue within the software category to the undelivered elements based upon their fair value using VSOE, with the residual revenue allocated to the delivered elements. If the Company cannot objectively determine the VSOE of the fair value of any undelivered software element, it defers revenue for all software components until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements, or until software maintenance is the only undelivered element, in which case revenue is recognized over the maintenance term for all software elements. The Company allocates the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to the amount that is not subject to forfeiture or refund or contingent on the future delivery of products or services. Customers under software maintenance agreements are entitled to receive updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, and various types of technical support based on the level of support purchased. In the event specific features, functionality, entitlements, or the release version of an upgrade or new product have been announced but not delivered, and customers will receive that upgrade or new product as part of a current software maintenance contract, a specified upgrade is deemed created and product revenues are deferred on purchases made after the announcement date until delivery of the upgrade or new product. The amount and elements to be deferred are dependent on whether the Company has established VSOE of fair value for the upgrade or new product. Other The Company records revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as product revenue in an amount equal to the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease. Sales-type leases also produce financing income, which is included in net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and is recognized at consistent rates of return over the lease term. Revenue from operating leases is recognized over the lease period. The Company also offers qualified customers revolving credit lines for the purchase of products and services offered by the Company. Financing income attributable to these revolving loans is recognized in net revenue on an accrual basis. The Company accrues for the estimated costs of systems’ warranty at the time of sale. Systems’ warranty costs are estimated based upon historical experience and specific identification of systems’ requirements. The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions. Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services, deferred hardware, software maintenance, prepaid professional services, and unearned license fees, which are recognized ratably over the contract term as either product or services revenue depending on the nature of the item. The Company also has deferred revenue related to internally-developed software offerings, and deferred profit on third-party software offerings, which are generally recognized ratably over the contract term as either product or services revenue depending on the nature of the item. Research and Development — Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs include salaries and benefits and other personnel-related costs associated with product development. Also included in R&D expenses are infrastructure costs, which consist of equipment and material costs, facilities-related costs, depreciation expense, and intangible asset amortization. Capitalized Software Development Costs — In accordance with the applicable accounting standards, software development costs related to the development of new product offerings are capitalized subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility, which is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program design or working model, if no program design is completed. GAAP requires that annual amortization expense of the capitalized software development costs be the greater of the amounts computed using the ratio of gross revenue to a product's total current and anticipated revenues, or the straight-line method over the product's remaining estimated economic life. Capitalized costs are amortized over periods ranging from eighteen months to two years which represents the product's estimated economic life. Amounts capitalized for the period from September 7, 2016 through October 28, 2016 were $85 million, and are included in other non-current assets, net in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amortization expense for the period from September 7, 2016 through October 28, 2016 was $0.4 million. Prior to the EMC merger transaction, there were no significant capitalized software development costs specific to the legacy businesses of Dell Technologies Inc. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Revenue from Contracts with Customers — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The objective of the new standard is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date of this standard. Public entities are required to adopt the new standard for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The new revenue standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption and the impact that the new standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs — In April 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance which changes the classification of debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The new guidance requires debt issuance costs to be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability consistent with the presentation of debt discounts, rather than as an asset. The guidance related to recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs remains unchanged. The Company implemented the new presentation in the nine months ended October 28, 2016 on a retrospective basis, and except for the reclassification of debt issuance costs of $128 million as of January 29, 2016 in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, there was no other impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The standard addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Leases — In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for leasing transactions. The primary objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Companies are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting — In March 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for employee share-based payments. The topics that were amended in the update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments — In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may adopt the amendments in the new standard as of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, earlier adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments — In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation and classification of eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Companies should reflect any adjustments on a retrospective basis, if practicable, otherwise adoption is required to be applied as of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption as well as the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory — In October 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers, other than transfers of inventory, when the transfer occurs instead of when the asset is sold to a third party, as current GAAP requires. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an annual period. The new guidance is required to be applied retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption as well as the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

— INTERIM UPDATE TO SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following interim update to the Company's significant accounting policies reflects the changes as a result of the EMC merger transaction.

Principles of Consolidation — These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dell Technologies and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as the accounts of SecureWorks, VMware, and Pivotal Software Inc. ("Pivotal"), companies which are majority-owned by Dell Technologies. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

On April 27, 2016, SecureWorks completed a registered underwritten IPO of its Class A common stock. As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 87.5% of the outstanding equity interest in SecureWorks. Since the date of the IPO, the financial results of SecureWorks remain consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is the controlling stockholder of SecureWorks. The portion of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocable to its other owners is shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocable to its other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of SecureWorks attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 83.3% of the outstanding equity interest in VMware. VMware’s financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is VMware’s controlling stockholder. The results of VMware presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through October 28, 2016, the end of the third fiscal quarter of Dell Technologies. The portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to its other owners is shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to its other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of VMware attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of October 28, 2016.

As of October 28, 2016, Dell Technologies held approximately 77.4% of the outstanding equity interest in Pivotal. Pivotal’s financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is Pivotal’s controlling stockholder. The results of Pivotal presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through October 28, 2016, the end of the third fiscal quarter of Dell Technologies. A portion of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal is held by third parties in the form of a preferred equity instrument. Accordingly, there is no net income attributable to this non-controlling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The portion of the results of operations of Pivotal allocable to its other owners, whose interests are held in the form of common stock, and the interest in the net assets of Pivotal attributable to those other owners are shown as net income attributable to the non-controlling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders, and as component of non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of October 28, 2016, respectively.

Investments — All debt security investments with remaining maturities in excess of one year and substantially all equity and other securities are recorded as long-term investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In comparison, debt security instruments with a remaining maturity shorter than one year are classified as short-term investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Unrealized gains and temporary loss positions on investments classified as available-for-sale are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of any related tax effect. Upon realization, those amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest and other, net. Realized gains and losses and other-than-temporary impairments are reflected in the consolidated income statement in interest and other, net. Investments accounted for under the cost method are measured at fair value initially. Subsequently, when there is an indicator of impairment, the impairment is recognized.

Revenue Recognition — Net revenue primarily includes sales of hardware, services, software licenses, and peripherals. The Company recognizes revenue for these products and services when it is realized or realizable and earned. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the Company's fee to its customer is fixed or determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. This policy is applicable to all sales, including sales to resellers and end-users.

Revenue from third-party software sales and extended warranties for third-party products, for which the Company does not meet the criteria for gross revenue recognition, is recognized on a net basis. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis.

Services revenue and cost of services revenue captions in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) include the Company's services, third-party software revenue, and support services related to the Company-owned software offerings.

The following summarizes the major terms of contractual relationships with customers and the manner in which the Company accounts for sales transactions.

Products

Product revenue consists of computer hardware, enterprise hardware, and software licenses sales that are delivered, sold as a subscription or sold on a consumption basis. Computer hardware and enterprise hardware include notebooks and desktop PCs, servers, storage hardware, and other hardware-related devices. Software license sales include optional, stand-alone software applications. Software applications provide customers with resource management, backup and archiving, information security, information management and intelligence, data analytics and server virtualization capabilities. Revenue from the sale of hardware products and systems is recognized when title and risk of loss pass to the customer. Delivery is considered complete when products have been shipped to the Company's customer, title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer, and customer acceptance has been satisfied. Customer acceptance is satisfied if acceptance is obtained from the customer, if all acceptance provisions lapse, or if the Company has evidence that all acceptance provisions have been satisfied. Depending on the nature of the arrangement, software license sales is generally recognized upon shipment or electronic delivery. For certain arrangements, revenue is recognized based on usage or ratably over the term of the arrangement. License revenue from royalty arrangements is recognized upon either receipt of royalty reports or payments from third parties.

The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated customer sales returns, rebates, and certain other customer incentive programs. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined by historical experience, contractual terms, and current conditions. The primary factors affecting the Company's accrual for estimated customer returns include estimated return rates as well as the number of units shipped that have a right of return that has not expired as of the balance sheet date. If returns cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until a reliable estimate can be made or the return right lapses.

The Company sells its products directly to customers as well as through other distribution channels, such as retailers, distributors, and resellers. The Company recognizes revenue on these sales when the reseller has economic substance apart from the Company; any credit risk has been identified and quantified; title and risk of loss have passed to the sales channel; the fee paid to the Company is not contingent upon resale or payment by the end user; and the Company has no further obligations related to bringing about resale or delivery.

Sales through the Company's distribution channels are primarily made under agreements allowing for limited rights of return, price protection, rebates, and marketing development funds. The Company has generally limited return rights through contractual caps or has an established selling history for these arrangements. Therefore, there is sufficient data to establish reasonable and reliable estimates of returns for the majority of these sales. To the extent price protection or return rights are not limited and a reliable estimate cannot be made, all of the revenue and related costs are deferred until the product has been sold to the end-user or the rights expire. The Company records estimated reductions to revenue or an expense for distribution channel programs at the later of the offer or the time revenue is recognized.

The Company defers the cost of shipped products awaiting revenue recognition until revenue is recognized.

Services

Services revenue consists of hardware and software maintenance, installation services, professional services, training revenue, third-party software revenue, and software sold as a service. The Company recognizes revenue from fixed-price support or maintenance contracts sold for both hardware and software ratably over the contract period and recognizes the costs associated with these contracts as incurred. For sales of extended warranties with a separate contract price, the Company defers revenue equal to the separately stated price. Revenue associated with undelivered elements is deferred and recorded when delivery occurs or services are provided. Revenue from extended warranty and service contracts, for which the Company is obligated to perform, is recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized over the term of the contract on a straight-line basis or when the service is completed and the costs associated with these contracts are recognized as incurred.

Multiple Deliverables

When an arrangement has more than one element, such as hardware, software, and services contained in a single arrangement, the Company first allocates revenue based upon the relative selling price into two categories: (1) non-software components, such as hardware and any hardware-related items, such as required system software that functions with the hardware to deliver the essential functionality of the hardware and related post-contract customer support, software as a service subscriptions and other services; and (2) software components, such as optional software applications and related items, such as post-contract customer support and other services. The Company then allocates revenue within the non-software category to each element based upon its relative selling price using a hierarchy of vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”), or estimated selling prices (“ESP”), if VSOE or TPE does not exist. The Company allocates revenue within the software category to the undelivered elements based upon their fair value using VSOE, with the residual revenue allocated to the delivered elements. If the Company cannot objectively determine the VSOE of the fair value of any undelivered software element, it defers revenue for all software components until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements, or until software maintenance is the only undelivered element, in which case revenue is recognized over the maintenance term for all software elements.

The Company allocates the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to the amount that is not subject to forfeiture or refund or contingent on the future delivery of products or services.

Customers under software maintenance agreements are entitled to receive updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, and various types of technical support based on the level of support purchased. In the event specific features, functionality, entitlements, or the release version of an upgrade or new product have been announced but not delivered, and customers will receive that upgrade or new product as part of a current software maintenance contract, a specified upgrade is deemed created and product revenues are deferred on purchases made after the announcement date until delivery of the upgrade or new product. The amount and elements to be deferred are dependent on whether the Company has established VSOE of fair value for the upgrade or new product.

Other

The Company records revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as product revenue in an amount equal to the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease. Sales-type leases also produce financing income, which is included in net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and is recognized at consistent rates of return over the lease term. Revenue from operating leases is recognized over the lease period. The Company also offers qualified customers revolving credit lines for the purchase of products and services offered by the Company. Financing income attributable to these revolving loans is recognized in net revenue on an accrual basis.

The Company accrues for the estimated costs of systems’ warranty at the time of sale. Systems’ warranty costs are estimated based upon historical experience and specific identification of systems’ requirements.

The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services, deferred hardware, software maintenance, prepaid professional services, and unearned license fees, which are recognized ratably over the contract term as either product or services revenue depending on the nature of the item. The Company also has deferred revenue related to internally-developed software offerings, and deferred profit on third-party software offerings, which are generally recognized ratably over the contract term as either product or services revenue depending on the nature of the item.

Research and Development — Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs include salaries and benefits and other personnel-related costs associated with product development. Also included in R&D expenses are infrastructure costs, which consist of equipment and material costs, facilities-related costs, depreciation expense, and intangible asset amortization.

Capitalized Software Development Costs — In accordance with the applicable accounting standards, software development costs related to the development of new product offerings are capitalized subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility, which is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program design or working model, if no program design is completed. GAAP requires that annual amortization expense of the capitalized software development costs be the greater of the amounts computed using the ratio of gross revenue to a product's total current and anticipated revenues, or the straight-line method over the product's remaining estimated economic life. Capitalized costs are amortized over periods ranging from eighteen months to two years which represents the product's estimated economic life.

Amounts capitalized for the period from September 7, 2016 through October 28, 2016 were $85 million, and are included in other non-current assets, net in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amortization expense for the period from September 7, 2016 through October 28, 2016 was $0.4 million. Prior to the EMC merger transaction, there were no significant capitalized software development costs specific to the legacy businesses of Dell Technologies Inc.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The objective of the new standard is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date of this standard. Public entities are required to adopt the new standard for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The new revenue standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption and the impact that the new standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs — In April 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance which changes the classification of debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The new guidance requires debt issuance costs to be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability consistent with the presentation of debt discounts, rather than as an asset. The guidance related to recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs remains unchanged. The Company implemented the new presentation in the nine months ended October 28, 2016 on a retrospective basis, and except for the reclassification of debt issuance costs of $128 million as of January 29, 2016 in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, there was no other impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The standard addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Leases — In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for leasing transactions. The primary objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Companies are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting — In March 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for employee share-based payments. The topics that were amended in the update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments — In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may adopt the amendments in the new standard as of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, earlier adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments — In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation and classification of eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Companies should reflect any adjustments on a retrospective basis, if practicable, otherwise adoption is required to be applied as of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption as well as the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory — In October 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers, other than transfers of inventory, when the transfer occurs instead of when the asset is sold to a third party, as current GAAP requires. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an annual period. The new guidance is required to be applied retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption as well as the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.