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Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
Equity Investments
Our equity investments, including our investment in Euroclear plc, or Euroclear, among others, are subject to valuation under ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments- Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, or ASU 2016-01. See Note 14 for a discussion of our determination of fair value of our financial instruments.
Investment in Euroclear
We own a 9.8% stake in Euroclear as of March 31, 2022 that we originally purchased for $631 million, and we participate on the Euroclear Board of Directors. Euroclear is a provider of post-trade services, including settlement, central securities depositories and related services for cross-border transactions across asset classes. We classify our investment in Euroclear as an equity investment. As of March 31, 2022, the adjusted fair value of our Euroclear investment was $701 million.
On October 18, 2021, we announced that we had reached an agreement to sell our entire 9.8% stake in Euroclear for €709 million. As a result, the entire carrying value of our Euroclear investment is included in other current assets within our accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The sale is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approval.
We did not receive a dividend from Euroclear during the three months ended March 31, 2022. We recognized dividend income of $30 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 from Euroclear, which is included in other income.
Equity Method Investments
Our equity method investments include the Options Clearing Corporation, or OCC, and Bakkt, among others. Our equity method investments are included in other non-current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. We carry our equity method investments at cost and assess the carrying value periodically if impairment indicators are present. At the end of each reporting period, we record our share of profits or losses of our equity method investments as equity earnings included in other income. We recognized ($42 million) and $25 million as our share of estimated (losses)/profits, net, from our equity method investments during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The estimated losses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 are primarily related to our investment in Bakkt, and the estimated profits during the three months ended March 31, 2021 are related to our investment in OCC. Both periods include adjustments to reflect the difference between reported prior period actual results from our original estimates.
Investment in OCC
We own a 40% interest in OCC through a direct investment by the NYSE. OCC is regulated by the SEC as a registered clearing agency and by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC, as a derivatives clearing organization. OCC serves as a clearing house for securities options, security futures, commodity futures and options on futures traded on various independent exchanges. OCC clears securities options traded on NYSE Arca and NYSE Amex Options, along with other non-affiliated exchanges.
Investment in Bakkt
Following Bakkt's October 15, 2021 merger with VIH, we held an approximate 68% economic interest in Bakkt and treat it as an equity method investment (see Note 3). As of March 31, 2022 the carrying value of our Bakkt investment is $1.5 billion.